阅读说明：本技术 用于柴油机机座主轴承孔加工的粗镗刀具及方法 (Heavy boring tool and method for machining main bearing hole of diesel engine base ) 是由 吴广宇 金朝兵 沈治东 顾亮 于 2019-08-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种用于柴油机机座主轴承孔加工的粗镗刀具及方法,包括：镗排本体、8把粗镗刀、镗刀压块、定位组件和校验组件；镗排本体上刀具安装槽深度不同,初次使用需试切调整刀具尺寸,用定位组件定位；以后再次加工同一尺寸主轴承孔,直接用定位组件定位装夹,用校验组件校验后直接加工。本发明具有操作便捷、质量可控的优点,取得了提高加工效率、保证产品质量的有益效果,能够用于大型柴油机机座主轴承孔的粗加工,也适用于在数控卧式龙门铣床上对其它大型零件的粗镗加工。(A rough boring tool and a method for machining a main bearing hole of a diesel engine base comprise the following steps: the device comprises a boring bar body, 8 rough boring cutters, boring cutter pressing blocks, a positioning assembly and a checking assembly; the depth of the cutter mounting grooves on the boring bar body is different, the size of the cutter needs trial cutting and adjustment in the first use, and the cutter is positioned by a positioning assembly; and then, machining the main bearing hole with the same size again, directly positioning and clamping by using the positioning assembly, and directly machining after checking by using the checking assembly. The invention has the advantages of convenient operation and controllable quality, obtains the beneficial effects of improving the processing efficiency and ensuring the product quality, can be used for rough processing of the main bearing hole of the machine base of the large diesel engine and is also suitable for rough boring processing of other large parts on a numerical control horizontal gantry milling machine.)

1. The utility model provides a heavy boring cutter that is used for processing of diesel engine frame main bearing hole, installs on the right-angle milling head of horizontal planer-type milling machine of numerical control, its characterized in that: the heavy boring cutter comprises:

The boring bar body is connected with the right-angle milling head, is a disc-shaped member, is uniformly distributed with 8 cutter mounting grooves along the outer circumference, and is respectively a pair of first cutter mounting grooves, a pair of second cutter mounting grooves, a pair of third cutter mounting grooves and a pair of fourth cutter mounting grooves, each pair of cutter mounting grooves are symmetrically distributed along the diameter of the boring bar body and have the same depth, and the depths of the first cutter mounting groove, the second cutter mounting groove, the third cutter mounting groove and the fourth cutter mounting groove are sequentially increased;

8 rough boring cutters are detachably mounted in 8 cutter mounting grooves of the boring bar body respectively and used for cutting and machining the main bearing holes layer by layer;

the boring cutter pressing block is connected to the boring bar body and used for clamping the rough boring cutter;

the positioning assembly is arranged in the cutter mounting groove and used for positioning the radial position of the rough boring cutter, and when the rough boring cutter is repeatedly mounted, the positioning is ensured to be unchanged;

And the checking component is detachably connected to the boring bar body and used for checking the radial size of the tool nose position of the rough boring tool and ensuring that the aperture size of the boring hole meets the requirement.

2. The heavy boring tool for machining of the main bearing hole of the diesel engine stand according to claim 1, wherein: the positioning assembly comprises a positioning piece base, a positioning bolt and a locking nut; the setting element base set up in the cutter mounting groove and the tank bottom of leaning on this cutter mounting groove, positioning bolt one end is connected on this setting element base, and the other end top is leaned on thick boring cutter, lock nut connects soon on this positioning bolt, rotates positioning bolt is in order to fix a position the radial position of thick boring cutter, lock nut is used for locking this positioning bolt.

3. The heavy boring tool for machining of the main bearing hole of the diesel engine stand according to claim 1, wherein: the calibration assembly comprises a central positioning base, a measurement buckle and a measurement scale; the center positioning base is arranged in the center hole of the boring bar body and used for positioning the calibration assembly, one end of the measuring scale is connected with the center positioning base, the other end of the measuring scale extends out along the radial direction of the boring bar body, a graduated scale is arranged on the measuring scale to measure the size, the measuring buckle is connected to the measuring scale and can slide on the measuring scale, and a locking screw is arranged on the measuring buckle and used for locking the measuring buckle.

4. The heavy boring tool for machining of the main bearing hole of the diesel engine stand according to claim 1, wherein: the depths of the first cutter mounting groove, the second cutter mounting groove, the third cutter mounting groove and the fourth cutter mounting groove are increased by 2mm in sequence.

5. The heavy boring tool for machining of the main bearing hole of the diesel engine stand according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the boring bar body is determined according to the bore diameters of different processed main bearing holes.

6. a method for roughly boring a main bearing hole of a diesel engine base by using the roughly boring tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rough boring processing method comprises the following steps:

1) Placing a diesel engine base on an equal-height cushion block of a workbench of a numerical control horizontal planer type milling machine, and mounting the rough boring cutter on the right-angle milling head;

2) Firstly processing a main bearing hole, namely measuring and adjusting the positions of a rough boring cutter and a cutter point thereof by adopting a trial cutting method when the rough boring cutter is installed, so that the hole diameter sizes processed by the rough boring cutters installed in a first cutter installation groove, a second cutter installation groove, a third cutter installation groove and a fourth cutter installation groove are sequentially increased, the hole diameter size processed by the rough boring cutter in the deepest fourth cutter installation groove is the final processing size and reaches a preset bore diameter, the hole diameter sizes processed by the rough boring cutters in a pair of same cutter installation grooves are consistent, after the adjustment is finished, all the rough boring cutters are pressed tightly by a boring cutter pressing block, then the positioning bolt is adjusted, the gap between the positioning bolt and the rough boring cutters is ensured to be 0, and finally the positioning bolt is locked by using a locking nut;

3) The main bearing holes with the same size are machined again, namely when a rough boring cutter is installed, the rough boring cutter is directly placed in a cutter installation groove and is abutted against the positioning bolt, then the central positioning base is fixed in the central hole of the boring bar body, the measuring buckle is adjusted to a preset machining size according to the scale on the measuring scale, the measuring buckle is locked, the measuring scale is rotated, the cutter point positions of two rough boring cutters with the maximum cutting diameter are ensured to be matched with the position of the measuring buckle, and the diameter size of the machined hole is enabled to accord with the preset machining size;

4) And 8, after the rough boring cutter is installed, starting the numerical control horizontal planer type milling machine, and carrying out rough boring machining on the main bearing hole according to a numerical control program.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a machining method of a mechanical part, in particular to a rough boring cutter and a method for machining a main bearing hole of a diesel engine base, and belongs to the technical field of machining.

Background

The engine base is one of important parts of a high-power low-speed marine diesel engine, is long in length and heavy in weight, and the machining of a main bearing hole is the key point in the machining of the engine base parts. Main bearing holes of the high-power low-speed marine diesel engine are generally large-hole-diameter holes, the diameter is about 600mm at the minimum and exceeds 1200mm at the maximum. The requirements on the aperture size precision, the roughness and the coaxiality of the main bearing hole are high, so that the rough machining allowance left in blank forging is large, the allowance is generally reserved at the single side of about 12mm, after the whole machine base is welded, the thicknesses of the upper steel plate and the lower steel plate and the center of the main bearing hole can be further adjusted, and sometimes the allowance at the single side can be even up to 17-18 mm.

Fig. 1 is a simplified structural diagram of a large marine diesel engine base 1, eight types of main bearing holes 2 of the diesel engine base are required to be machined, and a conventional boring bar 4 is usually mounted on a right-angle milling head 3 of a large planer type milling machine and used for clamping different roughing cutters and finishing cutters to conduct boring machining. Because the rough machining allowance is more, the machining modes adopted in the industry at present have the following two types:

the method I comprises the steps of installing two turning tools, raising the height of one turning tool by 2mm, and carrying out staggered-tooth rough boring;

And secondly, installing two turning tools, adjusting the two turning tools to the same cutting depth size, accelerating feeding, and roughly boring by multiple cutters.

however, the above processing method has the following disadvantages and shortcomings:

1. The first method is staggered tooth rough boring, when the allowance is excessive, the cutting depth is too large, vibration is abnormal, feeding needs to be correspondingly reduced at the moment, and in extreme cases, rough machining needs to be carried out by 2 cutters, so that the working hour is increased, and the machining efficiency is reduced.

2. The second method is double-edge rough boring, although the feeding is fast, the rough boring needs to be carried out by at least 2 cutters, and in extreme cases, the rough boring needs to be carried out by even 3 cutters, so that the efficiency is low.

3. In the first method and the second method, trial cutting and measurement are repeated every time a cutter is bored, and the size of the cutter is adjusted, so that the labor is consumed for a plurality of times.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a rough boring tool and a method for machining a main bearing hole of a diesel engine base, which optimize the process and effectively improve the working efficiency on the premise of ensuring the product quality.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

The utility model provides a heavy boring cutter that is used for processing of diesel engine frame main bearing hole, installs on the right-angle milling head of horizontal planer-type milling machine of numerical control, its characterized in that: the heavy boring cutter comprises:

The boring bar body is connected with the right-angle milling head, is a disc-shaped member, is uniformly distributed with 8 cutter mounting grooves along the outer circumference, and is respectively a pair of first cutter mounting grooves, a pair of second cutter mounting grooves, a pair of third cutter mounting grooves and a pair of fourth cutter mounting grooves, each pair of cutter mounting grooves are symmetrically distributed along the diameter of the boring bar body and have the same depth, and the depths of the first cutter mounting groove, the second cutter mounting groove, the third cutter mounting groove and the fourth cutter mounting groove are sequentially increased;

8 rough boring cutters are detachably mounted in 8 cutter mounting grooves of the boring bar body respectively and used for cutting and machining the main bearing holes layer by layer;

The boring cutter pressing block is connected to the boring bar body and used for clamping the rough boring cutter;

The positioning assembly is arranged in the cutter mounting groove and used for positioning the radial position of the rough boring cutter, and when the rough boring cutter is repeatedly mounted, the positioning is ensured to be unchanged;

And the checking component is detachably connected to the boring bar body and used for checking the radial size of the tool nose position of the rough boring tool and ensuring that the aperture size of the boring hole meets the requirement.

furthermore, the positioning assembly comprises a positioning piece base, a positioning bolt and a locking nut; the setting element base set up in the cutter mounting groove and the tank bottom of leaning on this cutter mounting groove, positioning bolt one end is connected on this setting element base, and the other end top is leaned on thick boring cutter, lock nut connects soon on this positioning bolt, rotates positioning bolt is in order to fix a position the radial position of thick boring cutter, lock nut is used for locking this positioning bolt.

furthermore, the checking assembly comprises a central positioning base, a measuring buckle and a measuring scale; the center positioning base is arranged in the center hole of the boring bar body and used for positioning the calibration assembly, one end of the measuring scale is connected with the center positioning base, the other end of the measuring scale extends out along the radial direction of the boring bar body, a graduated scale is arranged on the measuring scale to measure the size, the measuring buckle is connected to the measuring scale and can slide on the measuring scale, and a locking screw is arranged on the measuring buckle and used for locking the measuring buckle.

Furthermore, the depths of the first cutter mounting groove, the second cutter mounting groove, the third cutter mounting groove and the fourth cutter mounting groove are increased by 2mm in sequence.

Further, the diameter of the boring bar body is determined according to the bore diameters of different processed main bearing holes.

The other technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

A method for roughly boring a main bearing hole of a diesel engine base by adopting the roughly boring cutter is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the rough boring processing method comprises the following steps:

1) placing a diesel engine base on an equal-height cushion block of a workbench of a numerical control horizontal planer type milling machine, and mounting the rough boring cutter on the right-angle milling head;

2) Firstly processing a main bearing hole, namely measuring and adjusting the positions of a rough boring cutter and a cutter point thereof by adopting a trial cutting method when the rough boring cutter is installed, so that the hole diameter sizes processed by the rough boring cutters installed in a first cutter installation groove, a second cutter installation groove, a third cutter installation groove and a fourth cutter installation groove are sequentially increased, the hole diameter size processed by the rough boring cutter in the deepest fourth cutter installation groove is the final processing size and reaches a preset bore diameter, the hole diameter sizes processed by the rough boring cutters in a pair of same cutter installation grooves are consistent, after the adjustment is finished, all the rough boring cutters are pressed tightly by a boring cutter pressing block, then the positioning bolt is adjusted, the gap between the positioning bolt and the rough boring cutters is ensured to be 0, and finally the positioning bolt is locked by using a locking nut;

3) The main bearing holes with the same size are machined again, namely when a rough boring cutter is installed, the rough boring cutter is directly placed in a cutter installation groove and is abutted against the positioning bolt, then the central positioning base is fixed in the central hole of the boring bar body, the measuring buckle is adjusted to a preset machining size according to the scale on the measuring scale, the measuring buckle is locked, the measuring scale is rotated, the cutter point positions of two rough boring cutters with the maximum cutting diameter are ensured to be matched with the position of the measuring buckle, and the diameter size of the machined hole is enabled to accord with the preset machining size;

4) and 8, after the rough boring cutter is installed, starting the numerical control horizontal planer type milling machine, and carrying out rough boring machining on the main bearing hole according to a numerical control program.

Compared with the traditional processing method, the invention has the following advantages:

1. The boring bar can be simultaneously provided with 8 rough turning tools, the size is divided into 4 grades, and two cutters are arranged in each grade, so that the blank allowance can be machined at one time, and the feeding of the cutters is obviously improved.

2. Repeated operation is avoided, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, the rough turning tool is positioned and installed by the positioning assembly, repeated trial cutting and adjustment of the operators are avoided, and the production preparation time is saved.

3. The product quality is controllable, and due to the use of the checking assembly, misoperation of operators can be prevented, and the processing quality of the main bearing hole is ensured.

in conclusion, the invention has the advantages of convenient operation and controllable quality, obtains the beneficial effects of improving the processing efficiency and ensuring the product quality, can be used for rough processing of the main bearing hole of the machine base of the large diesel engine and is also suitable for rough boring processing of other large parts on a numerical control horizontal gantry milling machine.

drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large marine diesel engine base.

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the rough boring tool of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the boring bar body.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the positioning assembly.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a verification assembly.

fig. 6 is a top view of fig. 5.

fig. 7 is a state diagram of the process of the present invention.

in the figure:

the machining tool comprises a base 1, a main bearing hole 2, a right-angle milling head 3, a conventional boring bar 4, a boring bar body 5, a positioning component 6, a positioning component 6.1, a positioning component base 6.2, a positioning bolt 6.3, a locking nut 7, a checking component 7.1, a central positioning base 7.2, a measuring buckle 7.3, a measuring scale 7.3, a rough boring tool 8, a boring tool pressing block 9, a rough machining allowance 10, a rough machining allowance 11, a first tool mounting groove A, a second tool mounting groove B, a third tool mounting groove C and a fourth tool mounting groove D.

Detailed Description

The invention is used for the rough boring processing of the main bearing hole of the engine base of the diesel engine, as shown in figure 1, the engine base 1 is a large marine diesel engine base and comprises a main bearing hole 2 (crankshaft hole) for mounting a crankshaft.

The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

referring to fig. 2, the rough boring tool for machining the main bearing hole of the diesel engine base is mounted on a right-angle milling head 3 of a numerical control horizontal planer type milling machine, and includes: the boring bar bodies 5 and 8 are provided with a rough boring cutter 8, a boring cutter pressing block 9, a positioning assembly 6 and a checking assembly 7.

the boring bar body 5 is a carrier of other components, and the rear part of the boring bar body is in contact with the flange surface of the right-angle milling head 3 and is connected with the flange surface through bolts. Referring to fig. 3, the boring bar body 5 is a disc-shaped member, and 8 tool mounting slots are uniformly distributed along the outer circumference, which are a pair of first tool mounting slots a, a pair of second tool mounting slots B, a pair of third tool mounting slots C, and a pair of fourth tool mounting slots D, respectively; each pair of tool mounting grooves, such as two first tool mounting grooves A, are symmetrically distributed along the diameter of the boring bar body 5 and have the same depth; the depth of the first cutter mounting groove A, the depth of the second cutter mounting groove B, the depth of the third cutter mounting groove C and the depth of the fourth cutter mounting groove D are sequentially increased and divided into four depths, the first cutter mounting groove A is the shallowest, and the fourth cutter mounting groove D is the deepest. The first tool mounting groove A, the second tool mounting groove B, the third tool mounting groove C and the fourth tool mounting groove D are arranged on the circumference in sequence, and the arrangement sequence can be other sequences. The diameter of the boring bar body 5 is determined according to the bore diameters of different processed main bearing holes 2.

Referring to fig. 2, the 8 heavy boring cutters 8 are detachably mounted in 8 cutter mounting grooves of the boring bar body 5, respectively, and are used for cutting and machining the main bearing hole 2 layer by layer.

The boring tool pressing block 9 is connected to the boring bar body 5 and used for clamping the rough boring tool 8.

Referring to fig. 2, the positioning assembly 6 is installed in each tool mounting groove and is used for positioning the radial position of the rough boring cutter 8, and when the rough boring cutter 8 is repeatedly installed, the positioning is guaranteed to be unchanged. Referring to fig. 4, the positioning assembly 6 includes a positioning member base 6.1, a positioning bolt 6.2 and a lock nut 6.3. The positioning piece bases 6.1 are arranged in the cutter mounting grooves A, B, C and D and abut against the bottoms of the cutter mounting grooves; one end of the positioning bolt 6.2 is connected to the positioning piece base 6.1, and the other end of the positioning bolt abuts against the rough boring cutter 8; the locking nut 6.3 is screwed on the positioning bolt 6.2, the radial position of the rough boring cutter 8 can be positioned by rotating the positioning bolt 6.2, and the locking nut 6.3 is used for locking the positioning bolt 6.2.

Referring to fig. 2, the checking assembly 7 is detachably connected to the boring bar body 5, and is used for checking the radial size of the tool tip position of the rough boring tool 8, so as to ensure that the aperture size of the boring hole meets the requirement. Referring to fig. 5 and 6 in combination, the calibration assembly 7 includes a center positioning base 7.1, a measuring buckle 7.2 and a measuring scale 7.3. The central positioning base 7.1 is arranged in a central hole of the boring bar body 5 and is used for positioning the verification assembly 7; the measuring scale 7.2 one end is connected this central positioning base 7.1, and the other end is followed the radial extension of boring bar body 5 goes out, is equipped with the scale on this measuring scale 7.2 in order to measure the size, and this scale can be carved, also can inlay in the recess on the measuring scale 7.2. The measuring buckle 7.3 is connected to the measuring scale 7.2 and can slide on the measuring scale 7.2, and a locking screw is arranged on the measuring buckle 7.3 and used for locking the measuring buckle 7.3.

The method for roughly boring the main bearing hole of the diesel engine base by adopting the roughly boring cutter comprises the following steps:

1) And (3) placing the diesel engine base 1 on an equal-height cushion block of a workbench of a numerical control horizontal planer type milling machine, and mounting the rough boring cutter on the right-angle milling head 3.

2) The method comprises the steps of firstly processing a main bearing hole, namely, when the method is used for the first time, when a rough boring cutter 8 is installed for ensuring the processing quality, the cutter installing time is long, a trial cutting method is adopted to measure and adjust the positions of the rough boring cutter 8 and a cutter point thereof, the diameter sizes of holes processed by the rough boring cutter 8 installed in a first cutter installation groove A, a second cutter installation groove B, a third cutter installation groove C and a fourth cutter installation groove D are sequentially increased, the diameter size of the hole processed by the rough boring cutter 8 in the deepest fourth cutter installation groove D is the final processing size, and the preset boring diameter is reached; the rough boring cutters 8 in a pair of identical cutter-mounting slots (e.g., the two first cutter-mounting slots a) machine bores of uniform diameter. When the adjustment is needed, loosening the boring cutter pressing block 9, and measuring and adjusting by a dial indicator; after the adjustment is finished, all the rough boring cutters 8 are pressed tightly by the boring cutter pressing block 9, then the positioning bolt 6.2 is adjusted, the gap between the positioning bolt 6.2 and the rough boring cutters 8 is ensured to be 0, and finally the positioning bolt 6.2 is locked by the locking nut 6.3.

3) And (2) machining the main bearing hole with the same size again, namely when the rough boring cutter 8 is installed, directly placing the rough boring cutter 8 into the cutter installation groove and abutting against the positioning bolt 6.2, then fixing the central positioning base 7.1 of the verification component 7 in the central hole of the boring bar body 5, adjusting the measuring buckle 7.3 to a preset machining size according to the scale on the measuring scale 7.2, locking the measuring buckle 7.3, rotating the measuring scale 7.2, and ensuring that the cutter point position of two rough boring cutters 8 (namely the rough boring cutter 8 in the fourth cutter installation groove D) with the maximum cutting diameter is matched with the position of the measuring buckle 7.3 so as to ensure that the diameter size of the hole machined by the rough boring cutter meets the preset machining size.

4) after 8 rough boring cutters 8 are installed, starting the numerical control horizontal planer type milling machine, and carrying out rough boring machining on the main bearing hole 2 according to a numerical control program.

The rough boring processing method of the main bearing hole of the diesel engine base roughly processes the main bearing hole 2 of each gear, please refer to fig. 7, in the actual processing process, the machining allowance 10 is effectively divided by rough boring cutters 8 in four cutter mounting grooves with different depths, the maximum allowance 10 to be roughly processed is removed in one step, and the allowance 11 after rough machining is minimum; meanwhile, each diameter with the same size is processed by two rough boring cutters 8, so that the feed amount is effectively increased, and the adopted cutting parameters can reach the following values: the linear velocity V was 200m/min and the feed rate f was 0.7 mm/r.

the invention adopts a large horizontal planer type milling machine to roughly bore and machine the main bearing hole 2, utilizes a nonstandard cutter to roughly bore and bore the row, and divides the allowance to be machined, thereby ensuring that the rough machining allowance is removed at one time; meanwhile, the operation difficulty of installing the cutter on site is reduced, the method is simple and convenient, the quality is controllable, the labor intensity is effectively reduced, the product quality is ensured, and the labor efficiency is improved.

the scope of the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all equivalent variations and modifications made according to the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.