阅读说明：本技术 一种在锥齿轮铣齿机上滚车圆柱斜齿轮的加工方法 (Machining method for hobbing cylindrical helical gear on bevel gear milling machine ) 是由 魏冰阳 古德万 谢学凯 任明辉 宋聪聪 王永强 李家琦 于 2021-09-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种在锥齿轮铣齿机上滚车圆柱斜齿轮的加工方法,本发明采用端面齿轮作为滚车刀具,刀具直径比传统滚刀、车齿刀具大,不易磨损,且刀具刃磨较传统圆柱车齿刀更为方便；且在加工时刀具与工件为连续滚动,能一次完成多个齿的加工,切削效率高；同时,切削运动简单,切削时,只需要四轴联动,即可在锥齿轮铣齿机上就能实现圆柱斜齿轮的加工,适应性强,扩大锥齿轮铣齿机的加工范围；而且,本发明采用滚车的方式来加工圆柱齿轮且刀具及机床刚性较好,加工精度和效率易于保证。(The invention provides a processing method for hobbing a cylindrical helical gear on a bevel gear milling machine, which adopts an end face gear as a hobbing cutter, wherein the diameter of the cutter is larger than that of a traditional hobbing cutter and a gear turning cutter, so that the cutter is not easy to wear, and the cutter sharpening is more convenient than that of the traditional cylindrical gear turning cutter; the cutter and the workpiece roll continuously during machining, so that machining of a plurality of teeth can be completed at one time, and the cutting efficiency is high; meanwhile, the cutting motion is simple, only four-axis linkage is needed during cutting, the cylindrical helical gear can be machined on the bevel gear milling machine, the adaptability is strong, and the machining range of the bevel gear milling machine is expanded; in addition, the cylindrical gear is machined in a rolling mode, the rigidity of the cutter and the machine tool is good, and the machining precision and the machining efficiency are easy to guarantee.)

1. A machining method for hobbing a cylindrical helical gear on a bevel gear milling machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, installing a cutter on a first main shaft capable of being linked along an X axis and a Y axis, installing a workpiece on a second main shaft capable of moving along a Z axis, wherein the cutter is an end face gear rolling cutter, and the first main shaft and the second main shaft are vertically arranged;

s2, defining a line segment which passes through the center point of the workpiece and is vertical to the central axis of the cutter, wherein the included angle between the line segment and the X axis is beta, and then adjusting the position relation between the workpiece and the cutter in the Y axis direction to ensure that the size of the spiral angle of the beta is the same as that of the target bevel gear;

s3, moving the workpiece along the Z axis to enable the workpiece to gradually approach the end face of the cutter to form a certain cutting depth;

s4, the X axis and the Y axis are linked to drive the cutter to feed along the spiral line direction of the cylindrical gear until the tooth width is finished, meanwhile, the cutter and the workpiece are driven to rotate through the first main shaft and the second main shaft, the rotating speed ratio of the cutter and the workpiece is the same as the tooth ratio of the cutter and the workpiece, and after all tooth grooves on the circumference of the workpiece are finished, the step S5 is skipped;

and S5, feeding the workpiece by one cutting amount along the Z axis every time, and repeating the steps S3-S5 until all tooth grooves are machined to the target tooth depth to form the cylindrical helical teeth.

2. The method for machining a cylindrical helical gear by hobbing on a bevel gear milling machine according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, when the X axis and the Y axis are linked, the ratio of the distance of the Y axis motion to the distance of the X axis motion per unit time is tan β.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of gear machining, in particular to a machining method for hobbing a cylindrical helical gear on a bevel gear milling machine.

Background

The cylindrical gear is one of the most widely used gear types in mechanical transmission, and the current mechanical processing methods mainly comprise hot rolling, powder metallurgy, casting, cutting and the like. Among them, the non-cutting machining has a high efficiency and a high material utilization rate, but the machining accuracy is low.

The existing cutting process mainly comprises a forming method and a generating method. The forming method comprises milling and broaching. Because both adopt monodentate processing, production efficiency is lower and the machining precision is not high. The generating method mainly comprises hobbing and gear shaping, and for certain specific occasions, such as narrow clearance groove herringbone teeth and double-linkage teeth, the hobbing and gear shaping processing is difficult to realize due to the factors of machine tools, cutter structures, space limitations and the like. Because the application amount of the cylindrical gear is huge, a cutting method which can meet the machining efficiency and ensure the machining precision is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for machining a cylindrical helical gear by hobbing on a bevel gear milling machine, which is simple in motion and easy to implement, can complete a cutting motion on a common bevel gear milling machine, and enlarges an application range of the bevel gear milling machine, wherein the machining mode is continuous rolling machining, and the method has the characteristics of hobbing and gear turning machining, and is high in efficiency and easy to ensure accuracy.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for machining a cylindrical helical gear by hobbing on a bevel gear milling machine comprises the following steps:

s1, installing a cutter on a first main shaft capable of being linked along an X axis and a Y axis, installing a workpiece on a second main shaft capable of moving along a Z axis, wherein the cutter is an end face gear rolling cutter, and the first main shaft and the second main shaft are vertically arranged;

s2, defining a line segment which passes through the center point of the workpiece and is vertical to the central axis of the cutter, wherein the included angle between the line segment and the X axis is beta, and then adjusting the position relation between the workpiece and the cutter in the Y axis direction to ensure that the size of the spiral angle of the beta is the same as that of the target bevel gear;

s3, moving the workpiece along the Z axis to enable the workpiece to gradually approach the end face of the cutter to form a certain cutting depth;

s4, the X axis and the Y axis are linked to drive the cutter to feed along the spiral line direction of the cylindrical gear until the tooth width is finished, meanwhile, the cutter and the workpiece are driven to rotate through the first main shaft and the second main shaft, the rotating speed ratio of the cutter and the workpiece is the same as the tooth ratio of the cutter and the workpiece, and after all tooth grooves on the circumference of the workpiece are finished, the step S5 is skipped;

and S5, feeding the workpiece by one cutting amount along the Z axis every time, and repeating the steps S3-S5 until all tooth grooves are machined to the target tooth depth to form the cylindrical helical teeth.

Further, in step S4, when the X axis and the Y axis are interlocked, the ratio of the Y axis movement path to the X axis movement path per unit time is tan β.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention adopts the end face gear as the hobbing cutter, the diameter of the cutter is larger than that of the traditional hobbing cutter and the gear turning cutter, the cutter is not easy to wear, and the cutter grinding is more convenient than that of the traditional cylindrical gear turning cutter;

2. the cutter and the workpiece roll continuously during processing, so that the processing of a plurality of teeth can be finished at one time, and the cutting efficiency is high;

3. the cutting motion is simple, during cutting, only four-axis linkage is needed, the cylindrical helical gear can be machined on the bevel gear milling machine, the adaptability is strong, and the machining range of the bevel gear milling machine is expanded;

4. the invention adopts a rolling mode to process the cylindrical gear, the rigidity of the cutter and the machine tool is better, and the processing precision and efficiency are easy to ensure.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the machining principle of a method for hobbing a cylindrical helical gear on a bevel gear milling machine according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the assembly of a tool and workpiece on a bevel gear milling machine;

the labels in the figure are: 1. and (3) a cutter, 2 and a workpiece.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The cutter 1 is an end face gear hobbing cutter, the diameter of the cutter 1 is larger than that of a traditional hobbing cutter and a gear turning cutter, the cutter is not easy to wear, and the cutter grinding is more convenient than that of a traditional cylindrical gear turning cutter;

when the cutter 1 and the workpiece 2 are installed, a left-handed helical gear is taken as an example: the workpiece 2 is biased downward by an angle equal to the helix angle of the target helical gear. The biasing method comprises the following steps: and defining a line segment which passes through the center point of the workpiece and is vertical to the central axis of the cutter, wherein the included angle between the line segment and the X axis is beta, and then adjusting the position relation between the workpiece and the cutter in the Y axis direction to ensure that the beta is the same as the helical angle of the target helical gear.

According to the invention, the cutter 1 and the workpiece 2 rotate at a fixed speed according to a transmission ratio, and gear engagement is simulated, so that a plurality of teeth can be machined at one time, and the cutting efficiency is high.

As shown in fig. 2, the cutter 1 (C axis) and the workpiece 2 (a axis) both rotate counterclockwise, the workpiece is fed along the Z axis multiple times, and a fixed cutting amount is fed each time to control the cutting depth and improve the grinding accuracy; the workpiece 2 is fed in the tooth length direction thereof, and the tooth width is controlled. Because the helical angles of the cutter 1 and the workpiece 2 are different, the cutting motion is generated along the helical angle direction of the helical gear at the meshing point in the speed synthetic direction, and particularly, refer to fig. 1, so that the processing of the cylindrical helical gear is realized.

The following describes in detail a method for hobbing a cylindrical helical gear on a bevel gear milling machine according to the present invention:

a method for machining a cylindrical helical gear by hobbing on a bevel gear milling machine comprises the following steps:

s1, installing a cutter on a first main shaft which can be linked along an X axis and a Y axis, installing a workpiece on a second main shaft which can move along a Z axis, wherein the cutter is an end face gear rolling cutter, and the first main shaft and the second main shaft are vertically arranged;

s2, defining a line segment which passes through the center point of the workpiece and is vertical to the central axis of the cutter, wherein the included angle between the line segment and the X axis is beta, and then adjusting the position relation between the workpiece and the cutter in the Y axis direction to ensure that the size of the spiral angle of the beta is the same as that of the target bevel gear;

s3, moving the workpiece along the Z axis to make the workpiece and the end face of the tool gradually approach each other to form a certain cutting depth, wherein the cutting depth formed as the initial trial cutting should be small to check whether the number of teeth on the surface of the workpiece is correct, the cutting depth formed initially is determined by a person skilled in the art according to the manufacturing experience of the gear, and in addition, the cutting can be performed multiple times according to the depth of the teeth, the cutting amount per time is not too large, the cutting can be performed multiple times to improve the machining accuracy and quality of the gear, and the gear or the tool can be prevented from being damaged during machining;

s4, the X axis and the Y axis are linked to drive the cutter to feed along the spiral line direction of the cylindrical gear until the tooth width is finished, meanwhile, the cutter and the workpiece are driven to rotate through the first main shaft and the second main shaft, the rotating speed ratio of the cutter and the workpiece is the same as the tooth ratio of the cutter and the workpiece, and after all tooth grooves on the circumference of the workpiece are finished, the step S5 is skipped;

in step S4, when the X axis and the Y axis are linked, the ratio of the Y axis movement distance to the X axis movement distance per unit time is tan β.

And S5, feeding the workpiece by one cutting amount along the Z axis every time, and repeating the steps S3-S5 until all tooth grooves are machined to the target tooth depth to form the cylindrical helical teeth.

The bevel gear milling machine has the advantages that the cutting motion is simple, only four-axis linkage is needed during cutting, the cylindrical bevel gear can be machined on the bevel gear milling machine, the adaptability is strong, and the machining range of the bevel gear milling machine is expanded; in addition, the cylindrical gear is machined in a rolling mode, the rigidity of the cutter and the machine tool is good, and the machining precision and the machining efficiency are easy to guarantee.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.