阅读说明：本技术 利用热处理与机械活化的煤矸石制备绿色装饰材料的方法 (Method for preparing green decorative material by utilizing heat-treated and mechanically activated coal gangue ) 是由 金小刚 窦顺珍 苏磊 于 2021-07-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及煤矸石综合利用技术领域,公开了一种利用热处理与机械活化的煤矸石制备绿色装饰材料的方法,包括步骤一,热处理与机械活化处理煤矸石；步骤二,制备胚料；步骤三,二次加工。本发明具有以下优点和效果：本发明制备得到的绿色装饰材料,最终形成不同于常见胶凝材料的三维立体网状结构的无机聚合物,成型过程具有成型快的特点,同时具有优良的机械性能和耐酸碱、耐火、耐高温等性能,成型材料耐久性优异、抗碳化优异等性能。生产制备过程中绿色环保、节能高效,相比于制备胶凝材料可有效降低碳排放,有利于大幅度降低建筑材料生产端的碳排放,有利于社会整体碳中和目标的尽快达成。(The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of coal gangue, and discloses a method for preparing a green decorative material by utilizing heat-treated and mechanically activated coal gangue, which comprises the following steps of treating the coal gangue by heat treatment and mechanical activation; step two, preparing a blank; and step three, secondary processing. The invention has the following advantages and effects: the green decorative material prepared by the invention finally forms an inorganic polymer with a three-dimensional net structure different from common gelled materials, and the forming process has the characteristic of quick forming, and simultaneously has excellent mechanical properties, acid and alkali resistance, fire resistance, high temperature resistance and other properties, and the formed material has excellent durability, excellent carbonization resistance and other properties. The production and preparation process is environment-friendly, energy-saving and efficient, and compared with the preparation of a cementing material, the carbon emission can be effectively reduced, the carbon emission at the production end of a building material can be greatly reduced, and the overall carbon neutralization goal of the society can be achieved as soon as possible.)

1. The method for preparing the green decorative material by utilizing the coal gangue subjected to heat treatment and mechanical activation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,

step one, performing heat treatment and mechanical activation treatment on coal gangue to obtain coal gangue powder;

step two, preparing a blank, and mixing the coal gangue powder: alkali metal hydroxide: mixing alkali metal silicate in the ratio of 100:2-12:6-18:25-60 to obtain a blank;

and step three, secondary processing, namely performing secondary processing on the blank to prepare the green decorative material.

2. The method for preparing green decorating material by using the heat-treated and mechanically activated coal gangue as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the heat treatment process is as follows: crushing coal gangue into coal gangue particles, mixing the coal gangue particles with fuel, burning, introducing high-pressure air to blow up the coal gangue particles to form a high-temperature heat storage pool, and maintaining the temperature in the high-temperature heat storage pool at 600 DEG CProcessing at-900 deg.C for 4-6h, and rapidly cooling to room temperature +50 deg.C to room temperature +60 deg.C; the mechanical activation treatment process comprises the following steps: adding triethanolamine into the heat-treated coal gangue material, and grinding the coal gangue material until the specific surface area is 350-550m²The addition amount of triethanolamine is 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the coal gangue.

3. The method for preparing green decorating material by using the heat-treated and mechanically activated coal gangue as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the third step, according to the blank: emulsion: water: uniformly mixing the auxiliary agents in a ratio of 100:35:100:0.1, and adding the color paste under the stirring condition to obtain the colored inorganic coating as the green decorative material.

4. The method for preparing green decorating material by using the heat-treated and mechanically activated coal gangue as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the third step, according to the blank: original phosphogypsum: water reducing agent: fiber: the green decorative material can be used for preparing high-performance partition boards, strip boards, interior decorative partition boards and bottom lining boards.

5. The method for preparing green decorating material by using the heat-treated and mechanically activated coal gangue as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the third step, according to the blank: phosphogypsum: wood wool fiber: uniformly mixing water in a ratio of 1:1.5:0.6:1, pressing in a press to obtain a wet composite wood wool board, and performing microwave drying treatment to obtain a green decorative material which is a finished wood wool board.

6. The method for preparing green decorating material by using the heat-treated and mechanically activated coal gangue as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the third step, uniformly mixing the blank, the extrusion auxiliary agent, the granite sawn mud and water, processing and forming through mud refining, vacuum mud refining and vacuum extrusion, and curing by steam to obtain a green decorative material which is a decorative plate; wherein the proportion of each component is coal gangue powder: extrusion aid: alkali metal hydroxide: alkali metal silicate: granite sawing mud: water 100:0.008:10:21:150: 35.

7. The method for preparing green decorating material by using the heat-treated and mechanically activated coal gangue as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the third step, the blank, the extrusion auxiliary agent, the phosphogypsum and the water are uniformly mixed and then are processed and molded through the processes of mud refining, vacuum mud refining and injection molding, and the green decorative material obtained is a decorative plate by microwave excitation in the processing process; wherein the proportion of each component is coal gangue powder: extrusion aid: alkali metal hydroxide: alkali metal silicate: phosphogypsum: water 100:0.008:10:26:150: 30.

8. The method for preparing green decorating material by using the heat-treated and mechanically activated coal gangue as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the third step, the blank, the extrusion auxiliary agent, the high-performance PVA fiber, the silica fume, the tailing powder and the water are uniformly mixed and then are processed and molded through the processes of mud refining, vacuum mud refining and injection molding, and the proportion of each component is coal gangue powder: extrusion aid: alkali metal hydroxide: alkali metal silicate: high-performance PVA fibers: silica fume: tailing powder: the green decorative material is low-temperature ceramic, wherein the water ratio is 100:0.012:8:21:15:5:150:30, and the green decorative material is obtained by microwave excitation in the processing process.

9. The method for preparing green decorative material by using the heat-treated and mechanically activated coal gangue as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the microwave excitation time is 60 min.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of coal gangue, in particular to a method for preparing a green decorative material by utilizing heat-treated and mechanically activated coal gangue.

Background

The coal gangue is a black and gray substance which is associated with coal, has harder material quality and very low C content, is mixed in a coal bed, and is solid waste discharged along with coal mining and washing. In the energy industry, the utilization of the coal gangue waste is not only beneficial to improving the environment, but also beneficial to promoting the sustainable development of national economy.

The main chemical component of the coal gangue is SiO₂About 40% -55% of Al₂O₃About 15% -40% Fe₂O₃About 2-10% of CaO, about 1-10% of CaO, and small amount of MgO and K₂O、Na₂O and rare elements, and the general loss on ignition is 10-20%.

At present, the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue in China mainly comprises the ways of generating electricity by the coal gangue, manufacturing building materials, recycling useful minerals, producing compound fertilizers by the coal gangue and the like. Years of practice prove that coal gangue power generation has considerable pollution to the environment and is not beneficial to environmental protection. The method has the advantages that new pollution is generated when useful minerals are recovered from the coal gangue, pollution sources generated by recovering the minerals in the coal gangue in certain areas are hazardous wastes, the damage degree to the environment is larger, and obviously, the pollution sources are not paid for. When the compound fertilizer is produced by the coal gangue, the fluctuation of elements contained in the coal gangue main material is large, the production process is complex, the comprehensive cost is high, and the usage amount is small. When the building material is manufactured, the coal gangue contains partial carbon and carbon compounds, so that the manufactured building material has low performance, limited application scene, low consumption and insignificant social benefit.

Based on the current situation, a mature technology which can get through the whole industrial chain, has higher technical level and high comprehensive utilization rate, can consume the coal gangue on a large scale, has higher added value and can generate higher economic benefit and social benefit is urgently needed in the market at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a green decorative material by utilizing heat-treated and mechanically activated coal gangue.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method for preparing the green decorative material by utilizing the coal gangue subjected to heat treatment and mechanical activation comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out heat treatment and mechanical activation on the coal gangue to obtain coal gangue powder; step two, preparing a blank, and mixing the coal gangue powder: alkali metal hydroxide: mixing alkali metal silicate in the ratio of 100:2-12:6-18:25-60 to obtain a blank; and step three, secondary processing, namely performing secondary processing on the blank to prepare the green decorative material.

By adopting the technical scheme, the coal gangue powder subjected to heat treatment and mechanical activation is used as a raw material, the silicon-aluminum oxide in the coal gangue is melted by the alkali metal hydroxide or the alkali metal silicate, the silicon-aluminum oxide is subjected to polycondensation in an alkaline environment after being melted, the geopolymer material with higher performance is finally prepared, and the geopolymer material is subjected to secondary processing to be processed into the high-performance green decorative material for decoration.

The invention is further provided with: in the first step, the heat treatment process is as follows: crushing coal gangue into coal gangue particles, mixing the coal gangue particles with fuel, burning, introducing high-pressure air to blow up the coal gangue particles to form a high-temperature heat storage pool, and discharging the high-temperature heat storage poolThe internal temperature is maintained at 600-900 ℃, and after treatment for 4-6h, the mixture is rapidly cooled to the temperature between the room temperature plus 50 ℃ and the room temperature plus 60 ℃; the mechanical activation treatment process comprises the following steps: adding triethanolamine into the heat-treated coal gangue material, and grinding the coal gangue material until the specific surface area is 350-550m²The addition amount of triethanolamine is 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the coal gangue.

By adopting the technical scheme, the coal gangue contains C element and S element, amorphous substances with bond energy defects can be generated under the condition of 600-plus-800 ℃, the substances can be subjected to melting-polycondensation under the attack of OH < - > to further form geopolymer, the geopolymer material has excellent mechanical properties, acid and alkali resistance, fire resistance and high temperature resistance, has the characteristics of capability of replacing common Portland cement and capability of utilizing mineral waste and building garbage as raw materials, and has application in building materials, high-strength materials, high-weather-resistant materials, fireproof materials, greening landscape materials and the like.

In the invention, the silicon-aluminum amorphous oxide in the coal gangue after heat treatment and mechanical activation is subjected to depolymerization-polycondensation in an OH-environment to finally form an inorganic polymer taking the silicon-aluminum oxide as a main chain, so that the coal gangue has excellent mechanical property, durability, fire resistance and high temperature resistance. The mechanism of formation of amorphous silica-alumina oxide oligomers is shown below,

the formation process of geopolymer is divided into the following four stages

(1) Dissolving amorphous silicon-aluminum oxide in an alkaline environment (NaOH or KOH);

(2) the dissolved aluminum-silicon complex organic geopolymer precursor begins to diffuse from the particle surface to the particle gap;

(3) the polymerization reaction between the alkali solution (NaOH or KOH) and Al-Si complex to form Mn [ - (SiO) polymer₂)z-AlO₂]n■wH₂O；

(4) Polymer Mn [ - (SiO)₂)z-AlO₂]n■wH₂Generation of OThe water reacts and coagulates to form an inorganic polymer-geopolymer.

The amorphous silicon aluminum oxide is needed because only silicon aluminum oxide in the amorphous state has the possibility and condition of being depolymerized by OH-activation, and silicon aluminum oxide in a definite state has no possibility of activation depolymerization-polycondensation due to stable structure, so that geopolymer materials cannot be synthesized. The reaction mechanism of the invention is different from other coal gangue and slag micropowder related technologies which need the assistance of Ca ions, and is the depolymerization and polycondensation reaction of silicon-aluminum oxide. Belongs to a reaction mechanism of a preparation technology of an aluminum-silicon geopolymer material which is similar to that proposed by Davidovits.

The invention is further provided with: in the third step, according to the blank: emulsion: water: uniformly mixing the auxiliary agents in a ratio of 100:35:100:0.1, and adding the color paste under the stirring condition to obtain the colored inorganic coating as the green decorative material.

The invention is further provided with: in the third step, according to the blank: original phosphogypsum: water reducing agent: fiber: the green decorative material can be used for preparing high-performance partition boards, strip boards, interior decorative partition boards and bottom lining boards.

By adopting the technical scheme, the obtained green decorative material is a composite board and is used for preparing partition boards, laths, internal decorative partition boards and bottom lining boards, the structure adopts a hollow and lightweight design, and the reduction of the overall apparent density of the board is realized under the condition of fully utilizing and exerting the mechanical property of a base material. Secondly, by utilizing the characteristics and advantages that the capability of geopolymer materials for fixing heavy metal elements is far higher than that of common gel materials, the geopolymer materials prepared from coal gangue and solid wastes such as phosphogypsum are prepared by compounding through a material compounding technology, the cost is further reduced, the performance is improved, the heavy metal elements in the phosphogypsum are fixed, the application range and the application field of the solid wastes such as the phosphogypsum are expanded, and the purpose of treating wastes with processes of wastes against one another is realized.

And thirdly, with the popularization of the passive low-energy-consumption building technology and the further improvement of the building energy-saving requirement, the requirements on the requirements of decoration construction, quality and use function are higher and higher, the construction system adapted to the requirements is slower in development, and the mechanization degree does not reach the corresponding requirements. Under the background, the lightweight board with diversified decoration effects provided by the invention has the characteristics of light self weight, heat preservation, sound insulation, fire prevention, moisture prevention, convenience in construction and the like, can be completely adapted to the existing construction system, can provide a comfortable living use function after construction, and has obvious advantages which other materials do not have.

Finally, the light-weight high-strength board for green decoration is developed for a novel green energy-saving building according to the characteristics of the existing building system, so that the light-weight high-strength board not only is suitable for the existing building system, but also has the characteristics and advantages of being developed for the novel green energy-saving building, can be used for the existing building with a concrete structure, is suitable for the novel building systems such as a steel structure and a passive energy-saving building, and has strong sustainable development capability.

The invention is further provided with: in the third step, according to the blank: phosphogypsum: wood wool fiber: uniformly mixing water in a ratio of 1:1.5:0.6:1, pressing in a press to obtain a wet composite wood wool board, and performing microwave drying treatment to obtain a green decorative material which is a finished wood wool board.

The invention is further provided with: in the third step, uniformly mixing the blank, the extrusion auxiliary agent, the granite sawn mud and water, processing and forming through mud refining, vacuum mud refining and vacuum extrusion, and curing by steam to obtain a green decorative material which is a decorative plate; wherein the proportion of each component is coal gangue powder: extrusion aid: alkali metal hydroxide: alkali metal silicate: granite sawing mud: water 100:0.008:10:21:150: 35.

By adopting the technical scheme, the prepared decorative plate is an assembled building plate, and the outstanding innovation points in the production process flow are as follows: the microwave processing is introduced in the manufacturing process of geopolymer materials and products for the first time to greatly improve the production efficiency and product performance, save energy and greatly reduce the carbon emission in the production process, thereby exploring a feasible way for 3060 carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization. The technical principle is as follows: the microwave heating is uniform, the effect of high-frequency excitation from inside to outside is utilized to improve the reaction speed of the geopolymer material and the product in the molding process, the dependence of the material on molding maintenance time and conditions is reduced, and the large-scale, high-efficiency and low-emission production of green building material profiles is possible.

The invention is further provided with: in the third step, the blank, the extrusion auxiliary agent, the phosphogypsum and the water are uniformly mixed and then are processed and molded through the processes of mud refining, vacuum mud refining and injection molding, and the green decorative material obtained is a decorative plate by microwave excitation in the processing process; wherein the proportion of each component is coal gangue powder: extrusion aid: alkali metal hydroxide: alkali metal silicate: phosphogypsum: water 100:0.008:10:26:150: 30.

The invention is further provided with: in the third step, the blank, the extrusion auxiliary agent, the high-performance PVA fiber, the silica fume, the tailing powder and the water are uniformly mixed and then are processed and molded through the processes of mud refining, vacuum mud refining and injection molding, and the proportion of each component is coal gangue powder: extrusion aid: alkali metal hydroxide: alkali metal silicate: high-performance PVA fibers: silica fume: tailing powder: the green decorative material is low-temperature ceramic, wherein the water ratio is 100:0.012:8:21:15:5:150:30, and the green decorative material is obtained by microwave excitation in the processing process.

By adopting the technical scheme, the geopolymer material has the unique characteristic of being capable of synthesizing low-temperature ceramics, namely being capable of preparing ceramic-like materials by geopolymer synthesis reaction at the temperature of 65-130 ℃. The low-temperature ceramic prepared by the invention has most properties and purposes of the ceramic, but the energy consumption in the preparation process is extremely low, fuel is not needed at all, and the low-temperature ceramic has the characteristics of short synthesis time, high preparation efficiency, low reaction temperature and the like when the temperature is raised and the preparation is realized under the microwave condition in the practical process. The reason is analyzed that the alkali metal oxide contained in the solution is excited by microwave under the action of microwave to improve the reaction activity.

The invention realizes extrusion molding and injection molding through the blank and the extrusion auxiliary agent, greatly improves the mechanical strength and the density of the molding material in the extrusion and injection molding processes, greatly improves the void ratio of the molding material on the basis of fully utilizing the mechanical property of the geopolymer material, and realizes the structural high-strength light material. The formed material can be used for civil building decoration and finishing, can also be used for the fields of construction and finishing of stadiums, large-scale stadiums, rail transit distributed places, public building decoration and finishing and the like, and has wide application range and wide market prospect.

The invention is further provided with: the microwave excitation time is 60 min.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the green decorative material prepared by the invention finally forms an inorganic polymer with a three-dimensional net structure different from common gelled materials, and the forming process has the characteristic of quick forming, and simultaneously has excellent mechanical properties, acid and alkali resistance, fire resistance, high temperature resistance and other properties, and the formed material has excellent durability, excellent carbonization resistance and other properties. The production and preparation process is environment-friendly, energy-saving and efficient, and compared with the preparation of a cementing material, the carbon emission can be effectively reduced, the carbon emission at the production end of a building material can be greatly reduced, and the overall carbon neutralization goal of the society can be achieved as soon as possible.

2. The coal gangue after heat treatment and mechanical activation is used as a main raw material to prepare geopolymer materials and related geopolymer-based green building materials, and the geopolymer-based green building materials are used in the field of decoration and are effective means for improving the weather resistance and durability of the decoration materials and reducing the maintenance cost of buildings. The geopolymer-based green decorative material also has the characteristics of geopolymer material characteristics, such as excellent mechanical property, excellent weather resistance, fire resistance, moisture resistance, water resistance, heat preservation and the like, and can be used for preparing the decorative material, so that the mechanical property of the decorative material can be greatly improved, the durability, the fire resistance, the moisture resistance and the heat preservation and energy conservation performance of a building can be improved, meanwhile, the load of the building can be greatly reduced through the structural design, and the decorative effect is improved. The method has the advantages of reducing the infrastructure cost and the later maintenance cost, having very obvious advantages and comprehensive benefits, and simultaneously, consuming environmental pollutants due to the use of a large amount of solid wastes, thereby having very obvious social benefits and environmental benefits.

3. The coal gangue is used as a base material, the coal gangue is greatly consumed in the application, the problems of large accumulation of the coal gangue, environmental pollution, land resource occupation and the like are effectively solved, and a series of green decorative materials with excellent decorative effect, strong durability, high construction efficiency, low energy consumption and low cost are provided.

4. The technology related by the invention is not only suitable for coal gangue, but also suitable for the reaction mechanism of the tailings rich in silicon-aluminum oxide, such as high-silicon tailings, high-aluminum tailings, gold ore dressing tailings, granite sawn mud, waste residues and the like after heat treatment according to the related mechanism, and can be widely suitable for comprehensive utilization and treatment of the tailings and the like. On the basis of fully understanding the relevant performance of the geopolymer, the geopolymer can be combined with industrial by-product gypsum to produce and prepare a green decorative material with obvious advantages of water resistance, fire resistance, light weight, high strength and the like.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a cross-section of the molding of the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a first cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a second cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment.

In the figure, 1, a ceramic imitation plate decorative surface; 2. a structural moiety; 3. a hollow structure; 4. a base plate; 5. a ribbed support plate; 6. panel and side panel.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.

The first embodiment is as follows: the method for preparing the green decorative material by utilizing the coal gangue subjected to heat treatment and mechanical activation comprises the following steps,

firstly, treating the coal gangue by heat treatment and mechanical activation, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: crushing coal gangue into coal gangue particles, mixing the coal gangue particles with fuel, burning, introducing high-pressure air to blow up the coal gangue particles to form a high-temperature heat storage pool, maintaining the temperature in the high-temperature heat storage pool at 900 ℃ plus 600 ℃, treating for 4-6h, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature between +50 ℃ and +60 ℃; the mechanical activation treatment process comprises the following steps: adding triethanolamine into the heat-treated coal gangue material, and grinding to obtain powder with specific surface area of 450m²The addition amount of triethanolamine is 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the coal gangue.

Step two, preparing a blank, and mixing the coal gangue powder: potassium hydroxide: mixing potassium silicate in a ratio of 100:2-12:6-18:25-60 to obtain a blank;

step three, secondary processing, namely according to the blank: emulsion: water: and (3) 100 percent of auxiliary agent: 35:100:0.1, mixing at high speed in a high-speed stirrer, adding color paste under stirring conditions after uniformly mixing, and finally obtaining the colored inorganic coating which has the characteristics of high durability, high surface hardness, good flexibility, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. Specific test data are as follows.

TABLE 1

Example two: the method for preparing the green decorative material by utilizing the coal gangue subjected to heat treatment and mechanical activation comprises the following steps,

firstly, treating the coal gangue by heat treatment and mechanical activation, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: crushing coal gangue into coal gangue particles, mixing the coal gangue particles with fuel, burning, introducing high-pressure air to blow up the coal gangue particles to form a high-temperature heat storage pool, maintaining the temperature in the high-temperature heat storage pool at 900 ℃ plus 600 ℃, treating for 4-6h, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature between +50 ℃ and +60 ℃; the mechanical activation treatment process comprises the following steps: adding triethanolamine into the heat-treated coal gangue material, and grinding to obtain powder with specific surface area of 500m²The addition amount of triethanolamine is 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the coal gangue.

Step two, preparing a blank, namely preparing the blank according to the following steps of mixing coal gangue powder, potassium hydroxide and potassium silicate (the modulus is 3.2) is 100: 12: 30 to obtain a blank;

step three, secondary processing, namely according to the blank: original phosphogypsum: water reducing agent: fiber: the water is mixed uniformly according to the proportion of 1:2.5:0.05:0.3:0.5, the mixture is in a state of dry and hard materials, the mixture is poured into a die and pressed, the pressure range is 0.05-25MPa, the pressing pressure of the embodiment is 5MPa, the pressing time is 2min, the pressure maintaining time is 30min, and the corresponding test results are shown in the following table.

TABLE 2

	Item	Standard requirements	Results
				1	Impact resistance	＞5	Qualified
2	Bending bearing (plate weight multiple)	≥1.5	2.5
				3	Compressive strength Mpa	≥3.5	6.5
4	Coefficient of softening	＞0.8	0.86
				5	Areal density kg/m2	≤90	81
6	Has water content of%	≤12	5
				7	Drying shrinkage value mm/m	≤0.6	0.12
8	Hanging force N	1000N 24h≤5mm	Without cracks
				9	Freezing resistance	No crack and no change	Qualified
10	Air sound insulation volume dB	≥35	40
				11	Limit of fire resistance h	≥1	4
12	Grade of combustion	A1、A2	A1

The test items refer to the national standards of the batten and the test method GB/T23451-;

from the above results, the product of the embodiment can be used for preparing high-performance partition boards, laths, internal decoration partition boards, bottom lining boards and the like, and the softening coefficient and the water absorption of the board are higher than those of common gypsum boards from test data, so that the board can be completely used for the decoration field instead of gypsum boards, is more suitable for dark and humid environments compared with the gypsum boards, and has wider application.

Example three: the method for preparing the green decorative material by utilizing the coal gangue subjected to heat treatment and mechanical activation comprises the following steps,

firstly, treating the coal gangue by heat treatment and mechanical activation, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: breaking the coal gangue into coal gangueThe stone particles are mixed with fuel and then combusted, high-pressure air is introduced to blow up the coal gangue particles to form a high-temperature heat storage pool, the temperature in the high-temperature heat storage pool is maintained at 900 ℃ for 4-6h, and the high-temperature heat storage pool is rapidly cooled to between the room temperature plus 50 ℃ and the room temperature plus 60 ℃; the mechanical activation treatment process comprises the following steps: adding triethanolamine into the heat-treated coal gangue material, and grinding to obtain powder with specific surface area of 450m²The addition amount of triethanolamine is 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the coal gangue.

Step two, preparing a blank, namely mixing the coal gangue powder: uniformly mixing sodium hydroxide and potassium silicate (modulus 3.2) in a ratio of 100:8:16 to obtain a blank, and mixing the blank according to the following ratio: phosphogypsum: wood wool fiber: uniformly mixing water in a ratio of 1:1.5:0.6:1, pressing in a press, wherein the pressure is 3.5MPa, the pressing time is 2min, the pressure maintaining time is 40min, the pressure releasing time is 30s, circulating for 3 times by taking the pressure maintaining time as a cycle, finally obtaining a wet composite wood wool board, drying for 15min by microwave to obtain a finished wood wool board, and obtaining corresponding test results shown in the following table.

TABLE 3

The test items refer to the building engineering standards for comments on the draft (2019) of cement wood wool boards.

From the above results, it can be seen that the product of this example can be used for preparing a new environment-friendly decorative material, namely, a cement wood wool board, which has emerged in recent years, and the process of the comparative example and the common process of the cement wood wool board can find that the preparation process of the example is far simpler and more efficient than the conventional process, saves more energy and environment, saves a large amount of steam curing time, and indirectly saves energy for generating a large amount of steam. Meanwhile, the wood wool is not required to be mineralized by using chloride by adopting the process of the embodiment, so that chloride ions are prevented from being introduced into the cement wood wool board, the application field of the cement wood wool board can be expanded to the decoration fields of compounding with metal and steel materials, external decoration and the like, and the application range and the safety coefficient are greatly expanded. Compared with a common wood-wool board, the wood-wool board of the embodiment has good comprehensive performance and high mechanical strength, so that the service life and durability can be kept high in application, and the later-period maintenance and repair cost can be reduced.

Example four, a method for preparing a green finishing material using thermally treated and mechanically activated coal gangue, comprising the steps of,

firstly, treating the coal gangue by heat treatment and mechanical activation, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: crushing coal gangue into coal gangue particles, mixing the coal gangue particles with fuel, burning, introducing high-pressure air to blow up the coal gangue particles to form a high-temperature heat storage pool, maintaining the temperature in the high-temperature heat storage pool at 900 ℃ plus 600 ℃, treating for 4-6h, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature between +50 ℃ and +60 ℃; the mechanical activation treatment process comprises the following steps: adding triethanolamine into the heat-treated coal gangue material, and grinding to obtain powder with specific surface area of 550m²The addition amount of triethanolamine is 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the coal gangue.

Step two, uniformly mixing the coal gangue powder, the extrusion auxiliary agent, the potassium hydroxide, the potassium silicate, the granite sawn mud and the water according to the proportion of 100:0.008:10:21:150:35, processing and forming through the processes of mud refining, vacuum mud refining and vacuum extrusion, curing for 12 hours through steam, and forming, wherein the formed section is as shown in figure 1. In the figure, the part 1 is a decorative surface of a ceramic imitation plate, the part 2 is a structural part, the middle part 3 is a hollow structure, and the regular hexagon part on the side surface is an installation structural part. The structure is described herein for the embodiment and features of the extrusion process, and the inorganic material type plate processed by the extrusion process is also protected by the present invention.

The test is carried out according to JG/T324-2011 ceramic plate for building curtain walls, and the result is as follows.

TABLE 4

	Item	Standard requirements	Results
				1	Water absorption%	≤3	1.8
2	Modulus of elasticity Gpa	≥20	32
				3	Flexural strength Mpa	≥23	41
4	Poisson ratio	＞0.13	0.17
				5	Coefficient of linear expansion C-1	≤7×10-6	4.8×10-6
6	Coefficient of wet expansion%	≤0.06	0.03
				7	Stain resistance	Without obvious change	Qualified
8	Thermal shock resistance	Without obvious change	Qualified
				9	Chemical resistance	Without obvious change	Qualified

Example five: the method for preparing the green decorative material by utilizing the coal gangue subjected to heat treatment and mechanical activation comprises the following steps,

firstly, treating the coal gangue by heat treatment and mechanical activation, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: crushing coal gangue into coal gangue particles, mixing the coal gangue particles with fuel, burning, introducing high-pressure air to blow up the coal gangue particles to form a high-temperature heat storage pool, maintaining the temperature in the high-temperature heat storage pool at 900 ℃ plus 600 ℃, treating for 4-6h, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature between +50 ℃ and +60 ℃; the mechanical activation treatment process comprises the following steps: adding triethanolamine into the heat-treated coal gangue material, and grinding to obtain powder with specific surface area of 500m²The addition amount of triethanolamine is 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the coal gangue.

Step two, uniformly mixing the coal gangue powder with an extrusion auxiliary agent, potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate, phosphogypsum and water according to the proportion of 100:0.008:10:26:150:30, and then processing and molding through the processes of mud refining, vacuum mud refining and injection molding, wherein the cross-sectional structure after molding is shown in figure 2. In the figure, 4 is a bottom plate, 5 is a multi-ribbed support plate formed by injection molding, and 6 is a panel and a side panel.

Microwave excitation is used in the processing process, so that the production efficiency is improved. The microwave excitation time is 40min, the test is carried out according to JG/T324-2011 ceramic plate for building curtain wall after the microwave excitation is carried out for 2 hours, and the performance results of volume weight, compressive strength and the like of a common sleeve plate and injection molding are compared as follows.

TABLE 5

Therefore, the microwave excitation mode is adopted, so that the forming and curing time is greatly saved, the energy is saved, and the production efficiency is improved. Compared with ceramic plates, the ceramic plate greatly improves the strength, the sound absorption capacity and the fire resistance limit and reduces the volume weight on the premise of meeting the industrial standard, and the light-weight high-strength high-performance decorative material is obtained.

Example six: the method for preparing the green decorative material by utilizing the coal gangue subjected to heat treatment and mechanical activation comprises the following steps,

firstly, treating the coal gangue by heat treatment and mechanical activation, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: crushing coal gangue into coal gangue particles, mixing the coal gangue particles with fuel, burning, introducing high-pressure air to blow up the coal gangue particles to form a high-temperature heat storage pool, maintaining the temperature in the high-temperature heat storage pool at 900 ℃ plus 600 ℃, treating for 4-6h, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature between +50 ℃ and +60 ℃; the mechanical activation treatment process comprises the following steps: adding triethanolamine into the heat-treated coal gangue material, and grinding to obtain powder with specific surface area of 500m²The addition amount of triethanolamine is 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the coal gangue.

Step two, uniformly mixing the coal gangue powder with an extrusion auxiliary agent, sodium hydroxide, potassium silicate, high-performance PVA fiber, silica fume, tailing powder and water according to the proportion of 100:0.012:8:21:15:5:150:30, and then processing and molding through the processes of pugging, vacuum pugging and injection molding, wherein the molded section is the same as that of the fifth example. The production efficiency is improved by using microwave excitation in the processing process, the microwave excitation time is 60min, the test is carried out according to JG/T324-plus 2011L ceramic plate for building curtain walls after the microwave excitation is carried out for 4 hours, and meanwhile, the volume weight, the compressive strength and other performances of the common ceramic plate and the injection molding plate of the embodiment are compared, and the results are as follows.

TABLE 6

Therefore, the low-temperature ceramic material prepared under the microwave heating regulation is close to or achieves the ceramic performance in the aspects of performance, strength, durability and the like, meanwhile, the preparation temperature is less than 200 ℃, and is far lower than the environment and the condition that the temperature is frequently more than 900 ℃ when the ceramic is processed, so that the modification, such as organic modification, of other aspects of similar materials is possible, and the finally prepared light high-strength material can be used in the fields of military, aerospace, protection and the like.