阅读说明：本技术 一种淀粉基可降解安全环保包装盒及制备方法 (Starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box and preparation method thereof ) 是由 罗昊 黄卓坚 曹军 哈生强 于 2021-07-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种淀粉基可降解安全环保包装盒及制备方法,涉及塑料制品技术领域。包括：淀粉基材料40-50份,聚丙烯20-30份,聚烯烃弹性体2-6份,甘油5-11份,填料25-35份,抗氧剂0.5-1.5份,木质纤维素气凝胶5-10份,生物炭10-20份。制备方法如下：1)将淀粉基材料、聚丙烯、聚烯烃弹性体和生物炭投入粉碎机,进行充分粉碎。2)将粉末料与甘油、填料、抗氧剂、木质纤维素气凝胶加入速搅拌机中,得到预混料；3)将预混料投入平行双螺杆挤出机中,熔融共混,挤出料条,经过风床冷却后切粒,得到粒料；4)投入切粒辅机切粒,即得颗粒均匀的均匀粒料；5)将均匀粒料投入注塑机,注塑后得到包装盒。本发明制备的包装盒安全环保、可降解。(The invention discloses a starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of plastic products. The method comprises the following steps: 40-50 parts of starch-based material, 20-30 parts of polypropylene, 2-6 parts of polyolefin elastomer, 5-11 parts of glycerol, 25-35 parts of filler, 0.5-1.5 parts of antioxidant, 5-10 parts of lignocellulose aerogel and 10-20 parts of biochar. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) the starch-based material, the polypropylene, the polyolefin elastomer and the biochar are put into a pulverizer to be fully pulverized. 2) Adding the powder material, glycerol, filler, antioxidant and lignocellulose aerogel into a quick mixer to obtain a premix; 3) putting the premix into a parallel double-screw extruder, carrying out melt blending, extruding material strips, cooling by an air bed, and then pelletizing to obtain granules; 4) putting into a granulating auxiliary machine for granulating to obtain uniform granules with uniform particles; 5) and (4) putting the uniform granules into an injection molding machine, and performing injection molding to obtain the packaging box. The packaging box prepared by the invention is safe, environment-friendly and degradable.)

1. The starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of starch-based material, 20-30 parts of polypropylene, 2-6 parts of polyolefin elastomer, 5-11 parts of glycerol, 25-35 parts of filler, 0.5-1.5 parts of antioxidant, 5-10 parts of lignocellulose aerogel and 10-20 parts of biochar.

2. The starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box according to claim 1, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of starch-based material, 25 parts of polypropylene, 4 parts of polyolefin elastomer, 7 parts of glycerol, 30 parts of filler, 1 part of antioxidant, 7 parts of lignocellulose aerogel and 15 parts of biochar.

3. The starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the starch-based material is one or more of tapioca starch, corn flour and potato flour.

4. The starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the filler is an ecological mineral filler and/or a biomass filler, and the ecological mineral filler is one or more of calcium carbonate, talcum powder and desert sand powder; the biomass filler is one or more of shell powder, wood powder, bamboo powder and straw powder.

5. The degradable safe and environment-friendly starch-based packaging box as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the antioxidant is pentaerythritol tetrakis [ β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate ].

6. The starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the biochar is one or more of wheat straw carbon, seed husk carbon and corn straw carbon.

7. The manufacturing method of the packing box according to claim 1, characterized in that the manufacturing method is as follows:

1) putting a starch-based material, polypropylene, a polyolefin elastomer and biochar into a grinder according to the weight part ratio of claim 1, fully grinding to obtain powder, and sieving the powder to obtain a powder material;

2) adding the powder material, glycerol, filler, antioxidant and lignocellulose aerogel into a high-speed stirrer at the temperature of 100 ℃ according to the weight part ratio of claim 1, stirring at 1500r/min, adjusting the stirring speed to 500r/min when the temperature of the material reaches 130 ℃, stirring for 10 minutes, then placing the material into a low-speed stirrer, cooling to 60 ℃, and obtaining the premix when the water content reaches 4-8%;

3) putting the premix into a parallel double-screw extruder, carrying out melt blending, extruding material strips, cooling by an air bed, and then pelletizing to obtain granules;

4) cooling the granules by an air bed, and putting the granules into a granulation auxiliary machine for granulation to obtain uniform granules with uniform granules;

5) and (4) putting the uniform granules into an injection molding machine, and performing injection molding to obtain the packaging box.

8. The method for preparing the packaging box according to claim 7, wherein in the step 1, the powder material is pulverized to 150 meshes and 200 meshes, and in the step 3, the length-diameter ratio of the parallel twin-screw extruder is 52: 1, setting the temperature at 140-160 ℃.

9. The method for preparing a packing box according to claim 7, wherein in the step 4, the temperature of the heating temperature zone of the injection molding machine is set to 180-185 ℃.

10. The method for preparing the packing box according to claim 7, wherein in the step 2, the method for preparing the lignocellulose aerogel comprises the following steps:

1) mincing wood with a high-speed mincing machine to obtain wood powder;

2) dripping phenethyl alcohol into the wood powder according to the weight part ratio of 100:1, and then placing the wood powder in a water bath at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, wherein the water bath time is controlled to be 4-5 h;

3) mixing the water-bathed mixture according to the weight ratio of 100: 1: 0.8 dropwise adding sodium chlorate and acetic acid, and then carrying out suction filtration by using a vacuum pump;

4) distilling the mixture after suction filtration by using distilled water until the pH value is 7;

5) and washing the mixture with the adjusted pH value by using acetone for three times, wherein the first time temperature is 80 ℃, the second time temperature is 75 ℃, and the third time temperature is 70 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plastic products, in particular to a starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The plastic packaging material has rich raw material sources, low cost and excellent performance, is widely applied to food packaging, and gradually replaces the traditional packaging materials such as glass, metal, paper and the like. The plastic has the characteristics of light weight, convenient use, good barrier property, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, but the plastic packaging material has the defects of difficult degradation and toxic gas generation caused by burning. Moreover, the plastic packaging material belongs to the variety with the shortest service cycle among plastic products, generally 1 month to 3 months, and the longest one year, and is discarded after that, thereby causing serious white pollution.

Therefore, research work on degradable plastic food packaging bags is widely carried out at home and abroad, and most of the research and development are on biodegradable plastic products. Biodegradable plastics are plastics which are degraded under natural conditions by the life activities of soil microorganisms and can be classified into two major types, namely chemically synthesized polymer-based plastics and natural polymer-based plastics. From the viewpoint of degradation mechanism, biodegradable plastics can be divided into incompletely biodegradable plastics and completely biodegradable plastics. The completely biodegradable plastic can be finally decomposed into inorganic substances such as water, carbon dioxide and the like, but the plastic has the problems of difficult processing, poor water resistance, higher processing cost and the like, and is difficult to industrially popularize and apply at present.

The starch-based plastic belongs to one of natural polymer-based and incomplete biodegradable plastics, and the starch-based filling type plastic is usually prepared by adding starch and other additives into general-purpose plastics (PE, PP and the like). From the perspective of saving petrochemical resources, starch is a renewable biomass resource, and a corresponding starch-based plastic product is a genuine low-carbon product, so that the petrochemical resources can be saved to a great extent. The starch can be completely degraded in natural environment, the degradation of the starch-based plastic mainly depends on the decomposition of starch components, and the plastic base material cannot be degraded; however, starch breakdown leaves small holes in the plastic substrate or pieces that render the entire plastic recalcitrant. The fragmented materials have no degradation performance, are difficult to recover, still cause pollution to the soil environment and cannot thoroughly solve the problem of white pollution.

The starch-based degradable material contains plant fiber and plant starch, belongs to thermoplastic plastics, can be recycled, is degradable and easy to machine and form, reaches the standard of food-grade packing materials, does not contain heavy metal and plasticizer, and is an ideal environment-friendly packing box material.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly anti-theft snack box and a preparation method thereof, which are easy to degrade and can not influence the environment.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of starch-based material, 20-30 parts of polypropylene, 2-6 parts of polyolefin elastomer, 5-11 parts of glycerol, 25-35 parts of filler, 0.5-1.5 parts of antioxidant, 5-10 parts of lignocellulose aerogel and 10-20 parts of biochar.

Further, the composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of starch-based material, 25 parts of polypropylene, 4 parts of polyolefin elastomer, 7 parts of glycerol, 30 parts of filler, 1 part of antioxidant, 7 parts of lignocellulose aerogel and 15 parts of biochar.

Further, the starch-based material is one or more of tapioca starch, corn starch, potato starch, corn flour and potato flour.

Further, the filler is an ecological mineral filler and/or a biomass filler, and the ecological mineral filler is one or more of calcium carbonate, talcum powder and desert sand powder; the biomass filler is one or more of shell powder, wood powder, bamboo powder and straw powder.

Further, the antioxidant is tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester.

Further, the biochar is one or more of wheat straw carbon, seed husk carbon and corn straw carbon.

A preparation method of a starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box comprises the following steps:

1) putting a starch-based material, polypropylene, a polyolefin elastomer and biochar into a grinder according to the weight part ratio of the degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box, fully grinding to obtain powder, and sieving the powder to obtain a powder material;

2) adding the powder material, glycerol, filler, antioxidant and lignocellulose aerogel into a high-speed stirrer at the temperature of 100 ℃ according to the weight part ratio of the degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box, stirring at 1500r/min, adjusting the stirring speed to 500r/min when the temperature of the material reaches 130 ℃, stirring for 10 minutes, then placing the material into a low-speed stirrer, cooling to 60 ℃, and enabling the water content to reach 4-8% to obtain a premix;

3) putting the premix into a parallel double-screw extruder, carrying out melt blending, extruding material strips, cooling by an air bed, and then pelletizing to obtain granules;

4) cooling the granules by an air bed, and putting the granules into a granulation auxiliary machine for granulation to obtain uniform granules with uniform granules;

5) and (4) putting the uniform granules into an injection molding machine, and performing injection molding to obtain the packaging box.

Further, the powder material is crushed to 150-mesh and 200-mesh, and in the step 3, the length-diameter ratio of the parallel double-screw extruder is 52: 1, setting the temperature at 140-160 ℃.

Further, in the step 4, the temperature of the heating temperature zone of the injection molding machine is set to 180-.

Further, in the step 2, the preparation method of the lignocellulose aerogel comprises the following steps:

1) mincing wood with a high-speed mincing machine to obtain wood powder;

2) dripping phenethyl alcohol into the wood powder according to the weight part ratio of 100:1, and then placing the wood powder in a water bath at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, wherein the water bath time is controlled to be 4-5 h;

3) mixing the water-bathed mixture according to the weight ratio of 100: 1: 0.8 dropwise adding sodium chlorate and acetic acid, and then carrying out suction filtration by using a vacuum pump;

4) distilling the mixture after suction filtration by using distilled water until the pH value is 7;

5) and washing the mixture with the adjusted pH value by using acetone for three times, wherein the first time temperature is 80 ℃, the second time temperature is 75 ℃, and the third time temperature is 70 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. the starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box and the preparation method have the advantages of excellent overall performance and low cost. The starch prepared from corn, potato and cassava has wide sources, various varieties and low cost; the filled ecological mineral filler and biomass filler can greatly improve the mutual dispersibility and compatibility of materials in a mixed material system and increase the hardness and strength of the packaging box; the added polyolefin elastomer reduces the brittleness of the product and increases the flexibility of the material of the packaging box;

2. the starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box and the preparation method thereof have the advantages that the packaging box is environment-friendly, safe and degradable. The packaging box contains plant fiber and plant starch with high content, belongs to thermoplastic plastics, can be recycled, is degradable and is easy to process and mold, and the material reaches the standard of food-grade packaging materials; the packaging box does not contain heavy metal and plasticizer, and is an ideal environment-friendly packaging box material; the method meets the food-grade packing conditions, and the indexes of the comprehensive educts of n-hexane, ethanol and acetic acid in the key evaporation residues meet the national standard, thereby belonging to safe and environment-friendly materials; the packing box is in moist soil, the microorganism can cause the material to mildew and break, so as to achieve disintegration and degradation, the disintegrant can not generate any harmful ingredient, and the disintegrant can also be slowly disintegrated and decomposed under the sun exposure, so that the environment can not be polluted;

3. the starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box and the preparation method thereof can be repeatedly used under daily living conditions, are resistant to temperature, cold and hot, are anti-seepage, have good barrier property, and basically have unchanged strength and physical properties;

4. according to the starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box and the preparation method thereof, the lignocellulose aerogel and the composite biochar are both porous materials, so that the packaging box is more suitable for microbial propagation, can provide a nutrient source for microbial propagation, can accelerate microbial propagation, and can improve degradation speed.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are only a few specific examples of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by the design concept should fall within the scope of infringing on the protection scope of the present invention.

A preparation method of a starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box comprises the following steps:

1) putting a starch-based material, polypropylene, a polyolefin elastomer and biochar into a grinder according to the weight part ratio, fully grinding to obtain powder, and sieving the powder to obtain a powder material;

2) adding the powder material, glycerol, filler, antioxidant and lignocellulose aerogel into a high-speed stirrer at 100 ℃ according to the weight part ratio, stirring at 1500r/min, adjusting the stirring speed to 500r/min when the material temperature reaches 130 ℃, stirring for 10 minutes, then placing the mixture into a low-speed stirrer, cooling to 60 ℃, and obtaining the premix when the water content reaches 4-8%;

3) putting the premix into a parallel double-screw extruder, carrying out melt blending, extruding material strips, cooling by an air bed, and then pelletizing to obtain granules;

4) cooling the granules by an air bed, and putting the granules into a granulation auxiliary machine for granulation to obtain uniform granules with uniform granules;

5) and (4) putting the uniform granules into an injection molding machine, and performing injection molding to obtain the packaging box.

More specifically, the powder material is crushed to 150-: 1, setting the temperature at 140-160 ℃.

More specifically, in the step 4, the temperature of the heating temperature zone of the injection molding machine is set to 180-.

More specifically, in step 2, the preparation method of the lignocellulose aerogel comprises the following steps:

1) mincing wood with a high-speed mincing machine to obtain wood powder;

2) dripping phenethyl alcohol into the wood powder according to the weight part ratio of 100:1, and then placing the wood powder in a water bath at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, wherein the water bath time is controlled to be 4-5 h;

3) mixing the water-bathed mixture according to the weight ratio of 100: 1: 0.8 dropwise adding sodium chlorate and acetic acid, and then carrying out suction filtration by using a vacuum pump;

4) distilling the mixture after suction filtration by using distilled water until the pH value is 7;

5) and washing the mixture with the adjusted pH value by using acetone for three times, wherein the first time temperature is 80 ℃, the second time temperature is 75 ℃, and the third time temperature is 70 ℃.

The starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box adopted by the preparation method has various implementation modes according to components and formulas, and the embodiment is as follows:

example 1

A starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of starch-based material, 20 parts of polypropylene, 2 parts of polyolefin elastomer, 5 parts of glycerol, 25 parts of filler, 0.5 part of antioxidant, 5 parts of lignocellulose aerogel and 10 parts of biochar.

Further, the starch-based material is one or more of tapioca starch, corn starch, potato starch, corn flour and potato flour.

Further, the filler is an ecological mineral filler and/or a biomass filler, and the ecological mineral filler is one or more of calcium carbonate, talcum powder and desert sand powder; the biomass filler is one or more of shell powder, wood powder, bamboo powder and straw powder.

Further, the antioxidant is tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester.

Further, the biochar is one or more of wheat straw carbon, seed husk carbon and corn straw carbon.

Example 2

A starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of starch-based material, 30 parts of polypropylene, 6 parts of polyolefin elastomer, 11 parts of glycerol, 35 parts of filler, 1.5 parts of antioxidant, 10 parts of lignocellulose aerogel and 20 parts of biochar.

Further, the composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of starch-based material, 25 parts of polypropylene, 4 parts of polyolefin elastomer, 7 parts of glycerol, 30 parts of filler, 1 part of antioxidant, 7 parts of lignocellulose aerogel and 15 parts of biochar.

Further, the starch-based material is one or more of tapioca starch, corn starch, potato starch, corn flour and potato flour.

Further, the filler is an ecological mineral filler and/or a biomass filler, and the ecological mineral filler is one or more of calcium carbonate, talcum powder and desert sand powder; the biomass filler is one or more of shell powder, wood powder, bamboo powder and straw powder.

Further, the antioxidant is tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester.

Further, the biochar is one or more of wheat straw carbon, seed husk carbon and corn straw carbon.

Example 3

A starch-based degradable safe and environment-friendly packaging box is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of starch-based material, 25 parts of polypropylene, 4 parts of polyolefin elastomer, 7 parts of glycerol, 30 parts of filler, 1 part of antioxidant, 7 parts of lignocellulose aerogel and 15 parts of biochar.

Further, the starch-based material is one or more of tapioca starch, corn starch, potato starch, corn flour and potato flour.

Further, the filler is an ecological mineral filler and/or a biomass filler, and the ecological mineral filler is one or more of calcium carbonate, talcum powder and desert sand powder; the biomass filler is one or more of shell powder, wood powder, bamboo powder and straw powder.

Further, the antioxidant is tetra [ beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol ester.

Further, the biochar is one or more of wheat straw carbon, seed husk carbon and corn straw carbon.

The starch content of the packaging box prepared by the invention is more than 40% of that of starch-based plastic, the product can reach food-grade safety, the results of total residue migration, potassium permanganate consumption, evaporation residues, heavy metals, decolorization tests and the like in physicochemical indexes completely meet national standards, and the packaging box has the advantages of excellent overall performance, low cost, environmental protection, safety and degradability.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.