阅读说明：本技术 一种脱除玉米胚芽中呕吐毒素的方法 (Method for removing vomitoxin in corn germ ) 是由 王月华 程芳园 成良玉 李文娟 李桂芝 于 2021-07-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种脱除玉米胚芽中呕吐毒素的方法,属于玉米胚芽油的技术领域。一种脱除玉米胚芽中呕吐毒素的方法,首先将玉米胚芽进行清理,然后加入乙醇-水的碱溶液溶胀；溶胀后的玉米胚芽进行破碎处理,破碎后进行炒胚,待胚芽中水分降至9％以下后,进行榨油处理。本发明通过使用乙醇和碱性物质处理玉米胚芽,处理后的玉米胚芽中呕吐毒素的含量大幅下降；在后续的处理过程中利用高温炒胚,可将残留的呕吐毒素去除掉。最终获得的玉米胚芽中呕吐毒素的含量可降低至国家规定的标准以下。(The invention relates to a method for removing vomitoxin in corn germ, belonging to the technical field of corn germ oil. A method for removing vomitoxin in corn germ comprises cleaning corn germ, adding ethanol-water alkali solution for swelling; and (3) crushing the swelled corn germs, frying the crushed corn germs, and performing oil pressing after the moisture in the corn germs is reduced to below 9%. According to the method, the corn germ is treated by using the ethanol and the alkaline substances, so that the content of vomitoxin in the treated corn germ is greatly reduced; during the subsequent treatment, the residual vomitoxin can be removed by high-temperature embryo frying. The content of vomitoxin in the finally obtained maize germ can be reduced to be below the national standard.)

1. A method for removing vomitoxin in corn germ is characterized in that the corn germ is cleaned first, and then an aqueous alkali solution of ethanol-water is added for swelling; and (3) crushing the swelled corn germs, frying the crushed corn germs, and performing oil pressing after the moisture in the corn germs is reduced to below 9%.

2. The method for removing vomitoxin in corn germ as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific process is as follows:

(1) cleaning corn germ, and removing stones and impurities in the corn germ;

(2) spraying an ethanol-water/sodium hydroxide solution into the cleaned maize germs, and turning over the maize germs while spraying the solution to ensure that the maize germs uniformly absorb the liquid for swelling;

(3) performing flaking treatment on the corn germs treated in the step (2);

(4) performing embryo frying treatment on the rolled corn embryos;

(5) detecting moisture of the embryo bud, cooling to room temperature after the moisture is reduced to 9%, and performing oil pressing process.

3. The method for removing vomitoxin from corn germ according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the ethanol-water/sodium hydroxide solution is composed of the following components: 4-5 parts of ethanol, 85-95 parts of water and 1.2-3.0 parts of sodium hydroxide.

4. The method for removing vomitoxin from corn germ according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the ethanol-water/sodium hydroxide solution is composed of the following components: 4 parts of ethanol, 88 parts of water and 1.5 parts of sodium hydroxide.

5. The method for removing vomitoxin from corn germ according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the water content in the swelled corn germ is 12-17%.

6. The method for removing vomitoxin from corn germ according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the water content in the swelled corn germ is 14-15%.

7. The method for removing vomitoxin from corn germ according to claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the temperature of the roasted corn germ is 100-125 ℃.

8. The method for removing vomitoxin from corn germ according to claim 2, wherein in the step (5), the moisture of the germ is 5-8%.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of maize germ oil, and particularly relates to a method for removing vomitoxin in maize germs.

Background

Vomitoxin (vomitoxin), chemical name: deoxynivalenol (DON), belonging to trichothecene compounds, is produced by fusarium graminearum (F.graminearum) and fusarium flavum (F.culmorum), and has high content in grains such as wheat, barley, oat, corn and the like. Can affect digestive system, and has cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, etc. The vomitoxin can be combined with a peptide transferase active center of ribosome 60s subunit to trigger ribosome stress reaction, inhibit the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein, induce apoptosis and the like, damage intestinal tracts and an immune system, has genetic toxicity, has serious influence on the body health of human and animals, and is a mycotoxin with the highest detectable rate and overproof rate in human and animal food.

The corn embryo accounts for about 1/3 of the whole corn kernel, has high respiratory strength and high fat content, is easy to absorb moisture and rancidity, and is more easily infected by fungi to pollute vomitoxin. Edible corn oil has gradually become an important edible oil variety in China, so that the removal of vomitoxin in the corn oil becomes the key point of the current research. At present, the research on the technology for removing the mycotoxin in the corn oil has been greatly developed and popularized and applied in industrial production, but the research on the removal of the mycotoxin in the corn germ and the corn meal is less reported. If the vomitoxin in the corn germ can be efficiently removed, the synchronous improvement of the edible safety of the corn oil and the feeding safety of the corn meal can be realized.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for removing vomitoxin in corn germ, which aims to solve the problems. According to the method, the corn germ is treated by using the ethanol and the alkaline substances, so that the content of vomitoxin in the treated corn germ is greatly reduced; during the subsequent treatment, the residual vomitoxin can be removed by high-temperature embryo frying. The content of vomitoxin in the finally obtained maize germ can be reduced to be below the national standard.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a method for removing vomitoxin in corn germ comprises cleaning corn germ, adding ethanol-water alkali solution for swelling; and (3) crushing the swelled corn germs, frying the crushed corn germs, and performing oil pressing after the moisture in the corn germs is reduced to below 9%.

The specific process comprises the following steps:

(1) cleaning corn germ, and removing stones, impurities and the like in the corn germ;

(2) spraying an ethanol-water/sodium hydroxide solution into the cleaned maize germs, and turning over the maize germs while spraying the solution to ensure that the maize germs uniformly absorb the liquid for swelling;

(3) performing flaking treatment on the corn germs treated in the step (2);

(4) performing embryo frying treatment on the rolled corn embryos;

(5) detecting moisture of the embryo bud, cooling to room temperature after the moisture is reduced to 9%, and performing oil pressing process.

Preferably, in the step (2), the ethanol-water/sodium hydroxide solution consists of the following components in parts by weight: 4-5 parts of ethanol, 85-95 parts of water and 1.2-3.0 parts of sodium hydroxide. The vomitoxin is easy to generate ring-opening reaction under alkaline condition, and most of vomitoxin can be removed by alkaline hydrolysis. However, because the appearance quality of the oil product is greatly influenced by the amount of the sodium hydroxide, when excessive sodium hydroxide is used, the color of the squeezed crude oil is darker, and the pigment can be removed only by decoloring for many times in subsequent refining. Therefore, the amount of sodium hydroxide is strictly controlled. In the research process, the sodium hydroxide concentration is 0.30-0.75 mol/L, so that part of vomitoxin can be removed, and the prepared crude oil is light in color. However, the toxin cannot be completely removed due to the relatively low concentration of the alkali liquor, so that the vomitoxin can be dissolved by adding part of the organic polar solvent, and the effect of auxiliary removal can be achieved.

Preferably, in the step (2), the ethanol-water/sodium hydroxide solution consists of the following components: 4 parts of ethanol, 88 parts of water and 1.5 parts of sodium hydroxide.

Preferably, in the step (2), the moisture content of the swelled corn germ is 12-17%. The moisture in the maize germ has certain influence on the quality of the squeezed crude oil. The oil contains a small amount of substances beneficial to human body, such as vitamin E. At higher moisture levels, these materials are susceptible to hydrolysis and oxidation, resulting in reduced levels.

Preferably, in the step (2), the moisture content of the swelled corn germ is 14-15%.

Preferably, in the step (4), the temperature of the roasted embryo is 100-125 ℃.

Preferably, in the step (5), the moisture content of the germ is 5-8%.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the method, the corn germ is treated by using the ethanol and the alkaline substances, so that the content of vomitoxin in the treated corn germ is greatly reduced; during the subsequent treatment, the residual vomitoxin can be removed by high-temperature embryo frying. The content of vomitoxin in the finally obtained maize germ can be reduced to be below the national standard.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A method for removing vomitoxin in corn germ comprises the following specific processes:

(1) cleaning 500kg of maize germs, and removing stones, impurities and the like in the maize germs;

(2) spraying ethanol-water/sodium hydroxide solution (ethanol 4kg, water 88kg, sodium hydroxide 1.5kg, and sodium hydroxide concentration 0.4mol/L) into the cleaned corn germ, turning over the corn germ while spraying the solution to make the corn germ uniformly absorb liquid and swell, wherein the water content of the swelled corn germ is 14.5%;

(3) performing flaking treatment on the corn germs treated in the step (2);

(4) performing embryo frying treatment on the rolled corn embryos at the temperature of 115 ℃;

(5) detecting water content of embryo bud, wherein the water content is 8.8%, cooling to room temperature, and performing oil pressing to obtain crude oil.

Example 2

A method for removing vomitoxin in corn germ comprises the following specific processes:

(1) cleaning 500kg of maize germs, and removing stones, impurities and the like in the maize germs;

(2) spraying ethanol-water/sodium hydroxide solution (4 kg of ethanol, 88kg of water, 1.8 parts of sodium hydroxide and 0.5mol/L of sodium hydroxide) into the cleaned maize germs, turning over the maize germs while spraying the solution to ensure that the maize germs uniformly absorb the liquid for swelling, wherein the water content of the swelled maize germs is 14.1%;

(3) performing flaking treatment on the corn germs treated in the step (2);

(4) performing embryo frying treatment on the rolled corn embryos at the temperature of 115 ℃;

(5) detecting water content of embryo bud, wherein the water content is 8.1%, cooling to room temperature, and performing oil pressing to obtain crude oil.

Example 3

A method for removing vomitoxin in corn germ comprises the following specific processes:

(1) cleaning 500kg of maize germs, and removing stones, impurities and the like in the maize germs;

(2) spraying ethanol-water/sodium hydroxide solution (5 kg of ethanol, 88kg of water, 2.2kg of sodium hydroxide, and 0.6mol/L of sodium hydroxide) into the cleaned maize germs, turning over the maize germs while spraying the solution, so that the maize germs uniformly absorb the liquid to swell, wherein the water content of the swelled maize germs is 15.0%;

(3) performing flaking treatment on the corn germs treated in the step (2);

(4) performing embryo frying treatment on the rolled corn embryos at the temperature of 115 ℃;

(5) detecting water content of embryo bud, wherein the water content is 6.5%, cooling to room temperature, and performing oil pressing to obtain crude oil.

Comparative example 1

A method for removing vomitoxin in corn germ comprises the following specific processes:

(1) cleaning 200kg of maize germs, and removing stones, impurities and the like in the maize germs;

(2) spraying water into the cleaned maize germs, and turning over the maize germs while spraying the solution to ensure that the maize germs uniformly absorb water and swell, wherein the water content of the swelled maize germs is 14.8 percent;

(3) performing flaking treatment on the corn germs treated in the step (2);

(4) performing embryo frying treatment on the rolled corn embryos at the temperature of 115 ℃;

(5) detecting water content of embryo bud to 6.8%, cooling to room temperature, and squeezing to obtain crude oil.

Comparative example 2

A method for removing vomitoxin in corn germ comprises the following specific processes:

(1) cleaning 200kg of maize germs, and removing stones, impurities and the like in the maize germs;

(2) spraying a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L into the cleaned maize germs, turning over the maize germs while spraying the aqueous solution, so that the maize germs uniformly absorb the liquid to swell, wherein the water content of the swelled maize germs is 14.4%;

(3) performing flaking treatment on the corn germs treated in the step (2);

(4) performing embryo frying treatment on the rolled corn embryos at the temperature of 115 ℃;

(5) detecting water content of embryo bud, wherein the water content is 8.6%, cooling to room temperature, and performing oil pressing to obtain crude oil.

Comparative example 3

A method for removing vomitoxin in corn germ comprises the following specific processes:

(1) cleaning 200kg of maize germs, and removing stones, impurities and the like in the maize germs;

(2) spraying 5% ethanol water solution into the cleaned maize germs, turning over the maize germs while spraying the ethanol water solution, so that the maize germs uniformly absorb the liquid to swell, wherein the water content of the swelled maize germs is 14.6%;

(3) performing flaking treatment on the corn germs treated in the step (2);

(4) performing embryo frying treatment on the rolled corn embryos at the temperature of 115 ℃;

(5) detecting water content of embryo bud, wherein the water content is 7.8%, cooling to room temperature, and performing oil pressing to obtain crude oil.

Test example

The crude oils extracted in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were examined in relation to each other. The content of vomitoxin is determined according to the method in GB 5009.111-2016 (determination of deoxynivalenol and acetylated derivatives thereof in food) and the standard is according to the limit specified in GB 2761-2017. The specific test results are shown in table 1 below:

TABLE 1 results of the measurements

As can be seen from the detection results in Table 1, the sequence of the influence degrees among the factors influencing the content of vomitoxin is as follows: sodium hydroxide > ethanol > high temperature. Of these, alkaline washing removal is the most direct and effective method, but the content of vomitoxin in the prepared crude oil is close to the limit of national standard, so that certain quality risk exists in the production. The crude oil prepared by the method can reduce the content of vomitoxin to a relatively controllable range.

Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made on the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention/any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.