阅读说明：本技术 一种多级整流滑道竖井旋流泄洪洞 (Multistage rectification slideway shaft rotational flow flood discharging tunnel ) 是由 谌伟宁 杨佳刚 徐大朋 潘亚辉 熊卫红 李海涛 于 2021-07-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及竖井跌水消能结构技术领域旋流消能结构技术领域,具体地指一种多级整流滑道竖井旋流泄洪洞。包括平直进口段、平直出口段以及上端衔接平直进口段、下端衔接平直出口段的竖直流道；所述竖直流道内设置有多组使竖直流道内水流沿流道内壁切线方向蜿蜒而下的螺旋滑道,多组螺旋滑道沿竖向间隔布置；所述平直出口段内设置有溢流结构；所述溢流结构悬置于平直出口段的流道中央将平直出口段的流道分割为溢流结构上方的流体流通流道和溢流结构下方的流体冲砂流道。本发明的泄洪洞结构简单,设置的多级螺旋滑道能够大幅度减缓流体流速,对流体起到很好的消能作用,设置的溢流结构能够有效解决砂石堆积和溢流退水的问题。(The invention relates to the technical field of rotational flow energy dissipation structures in the technical field of vertical shaft drop energy dissipation structures, in particular to a multistage rectification slideway vertical shaft rotational flow flood discharging tunnel. The device comprises a straight inlet section, a straight outlet section and a vertical flow passage, wherein the upper end of the vertical flow passage is connected with the straight inlet section, and the lower end of the vertical flow passage is connected with the straight outlet section; a plurality of groups of spiral slideways which enable water flow in the vertical runner to meander along the tangential direction of the inner wall of the runner are arranged in the vertical runner, and the plurality of groups of spiral slideways are vertically arranged at intervals; an overflow structure is arranged in the straight outlet section; the overflow structure is suspended in the center of the flow channel of the straight outlet section to divide the flow channel of the straight outlet section into a fluid circulation flow channel above the overflow structure and a fluid sand washing flow channel below the overflow structure. The flood discharge tunnel is simple in structure, the flow velocity of fluid can be greatly reduced through the arranged multistage spiral slideway, the fluid can play a good energy dissipation role, and the problems of sand and stone accumulation and overflow water return can be effectively solved through the arranged overflow structure.)

1. The utility model provides a multistage rectification slide shaft whirl flood discharge hole which characterized in that: the device comprises a straight inlet section, a straight outlet section and a vertical flow passage, wherein the upper end of the vertical flow passage is connected with the straight inlet section, and the lower end of the vertical flow passage is connected with the straight outlet section; a plurality of groups of spiral slideways (1) which enable water flow in the vertical runner to meander along the tangential direction of the inner wall of the runner are arranged in the vertical runner, and the plurality of groups of spiral slideways (1) are vertically arranged at intervals; an overflow structure is arranged in the straight outlet section; the overflow structure is suspended in the center of the flow channel of the straight outlet section to divide the flow channel of the straight outlet section into a fluid circulation flow channel above the overflow structure and a fluid sand washing flow channel below the overflow structure.

2. The multi-stage rectification slideway shaft rotational flow flood discharge tunnel of claim 1, characterized in that: the overflow structure comprises an overflow weir (2); the overflow weir (2) is a wall structure with one side far away from the outlet end of the straight outlet section being large and one side near the outlet end of the straight outlet section being small, the upper end face of the overflow weir (2) is an inclined end face with one side far away from the outlet end of the straight outlet section being high and one side near the outlet end of the straight outlet section being low, and the lower end face of the overflow weir (2) is a straight end face with the same height.

3. The multi-stage rectification slideway shaft rotational flow flood discharge tunnel as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the straight outlet section comprises an outlet connection section (3) communicated with the lower end of the vertical flow channel and an outlet pipe (4) communicated with the outlet of the outlet connection section (3); the outlet connection section (3) is a closed-up type pipeline structure with one end close to the vertical flow channel being large and one end close to the outlet pipe being small, and the upper end face of the inner side of the outlet connection section (3) is an inclined end face parallel to the upper end face of the overflow weir (2).

4. The multi-stage rectification slideway shaft rotational flow flood discharge tunnel of claim 3, characterized in that: the side surface of the overflow weir (2) far away from the outlet pipe (4) coincides with the projection of the inner wall of one side of the vertical flow channel close to the outlet pipe (4) on the horizontal plane, and the highest point of the upper end surface of the overflow weir (2) is flush with the upper end of the inner wall of the outlet pipe (4).

5. The multi-stage rectification slideway shaft rotational flow flood discharge tunnel of claim 1, characterized in that: the straight inlet section comprises a first inlet section (5) which is equal to the upper end of the vertical flow passage and a second inlet section (6) which is higher than the first inlet section (5); the first inlet section (5) is communicated with the second inlet section (6) through a steep groove (7) which is inclined along the vertical direction; the steep groove (7) is a vertical inclined cavity structure with two open ends for increasing the flow velocity of the fluid.

6. The multi-stage rectification slideway shaft rotational flow flood discharge tunnel of claim 5, characterized in that: the first inlet section (5) is a convergent cavity structure, wherein the flow passage area of one side close to the steep groove (7) is larger than that of one side far away from the steep groove (7).

7. The multi-stage rectification slideway shaft rotational flow flood discharge tunnel of claim 1, characterized in that: the vertical flow channel comprises a volute (8) communicated with the outlet of the straight inlet section and a vertical section (9) communicated with the inlet of the straight outlet section; a transition section (10) with a big top and a small bottom is arranged between the vertical section (9) and the volute (8); a plurality of groups of spiral slideways (1) are arranged in the vertical section (9).

8. The multi-stage rectification slideway shaft rotational flow flood discharging tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: a first vent pipe (11) which is vertically arranged is arranged at the axis of the spiral slideway (1); the upper end and the lower end of the first vent pipe (11) are open, the lower end extends to the lowest end lower than the spiral slideway (1), and the upper end extends to the highest end higher than the spiral slideway (1).

9. The multi-stage rectifying slideway shaft rotational flow flood discharge tunnel of claim 7, characterized in that: and a second vent pipe (12) for communicating the interior of the volute chamber (8) with the outside atmosphere is arranged at the upper end of the volute chamber (8).

10. The multi-stage rectifying chute shaft rotational flow flood discharge tunnel of claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: and a third vent pipe (13) used for communicating the inside of the outlet connection section (3) with the outside atmosphere is arranged on the upper end surface of the outlet connection section (3).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vertical shaft rotational flow energy dissipation structures, in particular to a multistage rectifying slideway vertical shaft rotational flow flood discharging tunnel.

Background

The spiral-flow vertical shaft flood discharging tunnel is used in the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering with relatively low water head as a relatively novel energy dissipation engineering facility, is more and more popular particularly because the flexibility of plane turning of the flood discharging tunnel can be easily realized, and has a tendency of gradually popularizing and applying to the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering with high water head in recent years. For example, the patent of the invention is 'CN 202110103582.6', named as 'a rotary stilling pool type energy dissipation structure suitable for a vertical shaft', the energy dissipation structure introduced by the patent comprises a water flow inlet section, a vertical shaft, an inlet diffusion section, stilling pool bottom plates, overflow ridges, a vent shaft, a bottom stilling pool and a vertical shaft water outlet, wherein the vent shaft is arranged in the vertical shaft, a plurality of stilling pool bottom plates are arranged between the vertical shaft and the vent shaft from top to bottom, the stilling pool bottom plates are provided with the overflow ridges to form the stilling pool, the water flow inlet section is arranged at the top of the vertical shaft, the bottom of the vertical shaft is provided with the bottom stilling pool, and the bottom of the vertical shaft is provided with the water outlet. The energy dissipation structure is simple, the energy of vertical shaft drop can be effectively eliminated, and impact is reduced. However, when the vertical shaft rotational flow flood discharging tunnel is applied to a high-head hydropower station, because a water body along the wall surface of the vertical shaft is in an almost free falling body state, energy lost along the way is far smaller than energy caused by free falling body height difference, the inner wall of the vertical shaft is circular, the tangential component of the water flow velocity is smaller and smaller, the vertical component of the water flow velocity in the vertical shaft section is larger and larger, and the vertical component of the water flow velocity of the lower section of the vertical shaft is very high, so that two problems are caused, namely, the flow velocity of the lower section of the vertical shaft reaches or exceeds 40m/s, the cavitation number of the water flow on the wall surface of the vertical shaft is very small, and cavitation damage are easy to occur; secondly, the number of turns of the circular flow of the water body is greatly reduced, so that a large amount of energy cannot be consumed along the way, the energy is concentrated in a water cushion at the bottom of the vertical shaft to be consumed, the impact pressure on the bottom is very large, and the bottom plate is easy to damage. In addition, the sand and stone deposits in the well bottom pit can not be smoothly discharged along with water flow, and are difficult to enter the well bottom pit for dredging and removing, so that the sand and stone continuously abrade the well bottom. In addition, the water flow injected into the vortex chamber at a small flow rate is difficult to form rotational flow due to too low flow velocity or too far distance from the inner wall of the vortex chamber, so that the water flow directly falls into the bottom of the well without energy dissipation of the rotational flow along the way, and the high-speed water flow formed by great drop has great erosion force on the bottom of the well.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects of the background technology, provides a multistage rectification slideway shaft rotational flow flood discharging tunnel, solves the problem of the existing flood discharging tunnel, and is simple in structure and convenient to operate.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a multi-stage rectification slideway shaft rotational flow flood discharge tunnel comprises a straight inlet section, a straight outlet section and a vertical flow passage, wherein the upper end of the vertical flow passage is connected with the straight inlet section, and the lower end of the vertical flow passage is connected with the straight outlet section; a plurality of groups of spiral slideways which enable water flow in the vertical runner to meander along the tangential direction of the inner wall of the runner are arranged in the vertical runner, and the plurality of groups of spiral slideways are vertically arranged at intervals; an overflow structure is arranged in the straight outlet section; the overflow structure is suspended in the center of the flow channel of the straight outlet section to divide the flow channel of the straight outlet section into a fluid circulation flow channel above the overflow structure and a fluid sand washing flow channel below the overflow structure.

Further said overflow structure comprises a weir; the overflow weir is a wall structure with one side far away from the outlet end of the straight outlet section being large and one side close to the outlet end of the straight outlet section being small, the upper end face of the overflow weir is an inclined end face with one side far away from the outlet end of the straight outlet section being high and one side close to the outlet end of the straight outlet section being low, and the lower end face of the overflow weir is a straight end face with the same height.

The straight outlet section comprises an outlet connecting section communicated with the lower end of the vertical flow channel and an outlet pipe communicated with an outlet of the outlet connecting section; the outlet connection section is of a closed-up type pipeline structure with one large end close to the vertical flow channel and one small end close to the outlet pipe, and the upper end face of the inner side of the outlet connection section is an inclined end face parallel to the upper end face of the overflow weir.

The side surface of the overflow weir far from the outlet pipe is superposed with the projection of the inner wall of the vertical flow channel close to the outlet pipe on the horizontal plane, and the highest point of the upper end surface of the overflow weir is flush with the upper end of the inner wall of the outlet pipe.

The straight inlet section comprises a first inlet section and a second inlet section, wherein the first inlet section is equal to the upper end of the vertical flow passage in height, and the second inlet section is higher than the first inlet section; the first inlet section is communicated with the second inlet section through a steep groove which is inclined vertically; the steep groove is a vertical inclined cavity structure with two open ends and used for increasing the flow velocity of fluid.

The first inlet section is a convergent cavity structure, wherein the flow passage area of one side close to the steep groove is larger than that of the other side far away from the steep groove.

The vertical flow channel further comprises a volute communicated with the outlet of the straight inlet section and a vertical section communicated with the inlet of the straight outlet section; a gradual change section with a big top and a small bottom is arranged between the vertical section and the volute chamber; and a plurality of groups of spiral slideways are arranged in the vertical section.

A first vent pipe which is vertically arranged is arranged at the axis of the spiral slideway; the upper end and the lower end of the first vent pipe are opened, the lower end of the first vent pipe extends to be lower than the lowest end of the spiral slideway, and the upper end of the first vent pipe extends to be higher than the highest end of the spiral slideway.

And a second vent pipe for communicating the interior of the volute chamber with the outside atmosphere is further arranged at the upper end of the volute chamber.

And a third vent pipe used for communicating the inside of the outlet connection section with the outside atmosphere is arranged on the upper end surface of the outlet connection section.

The invention has the advantages that: 1. according to the invention, the flow channel of the outlet section is divided into two parts by arranging the overflow structure, the fluid circulation channel is specially used for discharging fluid, the fluid sand washing channel is flushed by fluid with higher flow velocity to quickly wash away sand and stone at the bottom of the flood discharge tunnel, so that sand and stone accumulation is avoided, the problem that the sand and stone accumulation is difficult to clean in the prior art is solved, and a plurality of groups of spiral slideways are arranged in the vertical flow channel to ensure that water flow always flows along the tangent line of the inner wall of the vertical flow channel, so that a good energy dissipation effect is achieved; the straight outlet section structure can ensure that the bottom of the well has an energy dissipation water pit with enough depth, is convenient for sand washing, avoids sand and stone accumulation at the bottom of the well, and simultaneously plays a role together with the vent hole, ensures that a steep slope water-exiting tunnel is always in a free-flow state, and avoids the occurrence of water jump of hole sealing;

2. the invention is provided with the overflow weir, the overflow weir is suspended in the middle of the straight outlet section, the straight outlet section is divided into two runners, the flow dividing effect is realized, the sand washing purpose is achieved, in addition, the overflow weir is a wall body structure with a large end and a small end, the energy dissipation effect can be further realized, the runners can be prolonged by inclining the upper end surface, and the flow speed is reduced;

3. the straight outlet section comprises an outlet connecting section, the outlet connecting section is of a closed-up type pipeline structure, the upper end surface of the overflow weir is parallel to the upper end surface of the inner wall of the outlet connecting section to form an upper flow channel of the overflow weir, and the arrangement structure can slow down the flow velocity and reduce the impact effect of water flow on the overflow weir and the inner part of the outlet connecting section;

4. the side surface of the large head end of the overflow weir is superposed with the projection of the inner wall of the vertical flow channel in the horizontal direction, and the highest point of the overflow weir is flush with the upper end of the inner wall of the outlet pipe, so that the arrangement structure can reduce the direct impact effect of water flow on the overflow weir to the greatest extent;

5. the inlet section is provided with the steep groove structure for improving the incident speed of water flow entering the vertical flow channel, and meanwhile, the inclined plane is arranged between the second side surface and the bottom surface of the second inlet section to reduce the width of the water flow which is injected into the vortex chamber at small flow rate, so that the water flow at all levels can be always injected along the tangential direction of the inner wall of the vortex chamber at high initial flow rate after entering the vortex chamber to form spiral flow, namely smooth 'spin-up', and the phenomenon that the incident water flow at small flow rate can not normally spin up and directly falls into the bottom to erode the bottom plate is avoided;

6. the convergent first inlet section is arranged before entering the vertical flow channel, so that small-flow water flow can cling to the vertical flow channel along a tangent line to enter the vertical flow channel in an incident mode, and the small-flow incident water flow is prevented from directly falling to the bottom;

7. the vertical flow channel comprises the volute chamber, the gradual change section and the vertical section, so that water flow entering the vertical section can be ensured to flow on the spiral slideway along the tangent line of the inner wall to the greatest extent, and a good energy dissipation effect is achieved;

8. according to the invention, the first vent pipes are arranged on each group of spiral slideways, the first vent pipes communicate the spaces at the upper end and the lower end of each spiral slideway, the spiral inclined planes facing the inner wall of the vertical shaft are arranged between the bottom surface of each spiral slideway and the vertically arranged first vent pipes, so that water flow is forced to flow attached to the inner wall of the vertical shaft when the flow is large or small, the spiral slideways are arranged at intervals, the vertical component of the rotational flow velocity is forcibly changed into the tangential direction along the vertical shaft, the water flow ejected from the tail end section of each stage of spiral slideway is attached to the inner wall of the vertical shaft to flow spirally, the vertical component is prevented from being overlarge, the number of circles of the circular flow of the spiral water flow is greatly increased, and the energy dissipation effect of the water flow along the process is improved. Meanwhile, the area of the overflowing section of the spiral slideway is smaller and smaller by reducing the thread pitch, or enlarging the spiral inclined plane, or directly reducing the section at the tail end of the spiral slideway, so that the water flow is blocked and gathered to form an energy dissipation water cushion at the spiral slideway section due to the contraction of the overflowing section at the time of large flow, the effect like a shaft bottom energy dissipation pit is achieved, and the energy dissipation effect is greatly improved;

9. according to the invention, the second vent pipe is arranged on the volute chamber, and the second vent pipe can discharge air in the volute chamber to the atmosphere, so that the problem of air pressure change caused by the fact that the air in the fluid is accumulated in the volute chamber after being released is avoided;

10. the third air connecting pipe is arranged on the outlet connecting section, so that the problems of fluid backflow or fluid flow obstruction caused by internal and external pressure difference are avoided.

The flood discharge tunnel is simple in structure, the flow velocity of fluid can be greatly reduced through the arranged multistage spiral slideway, the fluid can play a good energy dissipation role, and the problems of sand and stone accumulation and overflow water return can be effectively solved through the arranged overflow structure.

Drawings

FIG. 1: external perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2: the internal perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 3: a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

FIG. 4: a first inducer of the invention is a schematic plan view;

wherein: 1-spiral slideway; 2-an overflow weir; 3-an outlet connection section; 4-an outlet pipe; 5-the first inducer; 6-a second inducer; 7-steep groove; 8, volute chamber; 9-vertical section; 10-transition section; 11 — a first vent pipe; 12-a second vent pipe; 13-third vent pipe.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment describes a multi-stage rectification slideway shaft rotational flow flood discharging tunnel, and the flood discharging tunnel of the present embodiment includes three parts, namely a straight entrance section, a straight exit section, and a vertical flow channel with an upper end connected with the straight entrance section and a lower end connected with the straight exit section.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the straight inlet section of the present embodiment includes three parts, including a first inlet section 5 having the same height as the upper end of the vertical flow channel and a second inlet section 6 higher than the first inlet section 5, the first inlet section 5 is communicated with the second inlet section 6 through a steep groove 7 inclined vertically, the steep groove 7 is a vertically inclined cavity structure with two open ends for increasing the flow velocity of the fluid, and the steep groove 7 can increase the incident velocity of the fluid entering the vertical flow channel, thereby preventing a part of the fluid from directly falling to the bottom.

The first inlet section 5 is a converging cavity structure in which the flow area close to one side of the steep groove 7 is larger than the flow area far away from one side of the steep groove 7, as shown in fig. 4, the speed of the incoming jet is further increased by the converging structure, and in addition, the direction of the outlet end of the first inlet section 5 of the embodiment is coincided with the tangential direction of the joint part of the first inlet section 5 and the volute chamber 8, so that the fluid flowing out of the outlet of the first inlet section 5 can be ensured to flow according to the tangential direction of the inner wall of the volute chamber 8.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the vertical flow channel of this embodiment includes three parts, the vertical flow channel includes volute chamber 8 that communicates with the export of first inducer 5 and vertical section 9 that communicates with the import of straight export section, be provided with big-end-up's gradual change section 10 between vertical section 9 and the volute chamber 8, be provided with multiunit spiral slideway 1 in the vertical section 9, multiunit spiral slideway 1 is along vertical equidistance interval arrangement, the interval distance can carry out corresponding adjustment setting according to the actual demand, spiral slideway 1 has lengthened fluid flow channel length by a wide margin, play fine energy dissipation to the fluid.

In addition, the axis of the spiral slideway 1 is provided with a first vent pipe 11 which is vertically arranged, the upper end and the lower end of the first vent pipe 11 are open, the lower end extends to be lower than the lowest end of the spiral slideway 1, and the upper end extends to be higher than the highest end of the spiral slideway 1. The first vent pipe 11 communicates the space at the upper end and the lower end of the spiral slideway 1, so that the fluid flow is prevented from being blocked by the pressure difference at the upper end and the lower end of the spiral slideway 1.

As shown in figure 3, the upper end of the volute chamber 8 is provided with a second vent pipe 12 for communicating the inside of the volute chamber 8 with the outside atmosphere.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the straight outlet section of the present embodiment includes an outlet connection section 3 communicated with the lower end of the vertical section 9 and an outlet pipe 4 communicated with the outlet of the outlet connection section 3, and the outlet connection section 3 is a closed-up pipe structure having a large end close to the vertical flow channel and a small end close to the outlet pipe.

This embodiment is provided with overflow weir 2 in export linkage section 3, as shown in fig. 2 ~ 3, overflow weir 2 is big for keeping away from one side of straight export section exit end, is close to the little wall structure in one side of straight export section exit end, and the up end of overflow weir 2 is for keeping away from one side height of straight export section exit end, the low slope terminal surface of one side of being close to straight export section exit end, and the lower terminal surface of overflow weir 2 is the straight terminal surface of equal height. The upper end surface of the inner side of the outlet connecting section 3 is an inclined end surface parallel to the upper end surface of the overflow weir 2. And a fluid circulation flow channel is formed between the upper end surface of the overflow weir 2 and the upper end surface of the inner side of the outlet connection section 3 and used for discharging fluid, and a fluid sand washing flow channel is formed between the lower end surface of the overflow weir 2 and the lower end surface of the inner wall of the outlet connection section 3 and used for washing away accumulated sand.

In order to reduce the impact on the overflow weir 2, the side of the overflow weir 2 far away from the outlet pipe 4 of the embodiment coincides with the projection of the inner wall of the vertical flow channel near the outlet pipe 4 on the horizontal plane, and the highest point of the upper end surface of the overflow weir 2 is flush with the upper end of the inner wall of the outlet pipe 4.

In addition, be provided with on the up end of export linking section 3 and be used for communicateing the export linking section 3 inside with the atmospheric third blast pipe 13 in the outside.

During actual use, fluid enters from the second inlet section 6, enters the first inlet section 5 after being accelerated by the steep groove 7, the fluid is converged by the first inlet section 5, then enters the volute chamber 8 along the tangential direction of the inner wall of the volute chamber 8, enters the vertical section 9 through the gradual change section 10, dissipates energy on the spiral slideway 1 in the vertical section 9, enters the outlet connection section 3 after passing through the vertical section 9, part of the fluid flows out through the outlet pipe 4 through the fluid sand washing flow channel below the overflow weir 2, and when the water level in the outlet connection section 3 is higher than that of the overflow weir 2, part of the fluid flows out of the outlet pipe 4 through the fluid flow channel in the space above the overflow weir 2.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.