阅读说明：本技术 一种快速、简单、易操作、新异锚碇隧道或拱座硐室开挖与衬砌方法 (Method for quickly, simply and easily excavating and lining new abnormal anchorage tunnel or arch foundation chamber ) 是由 张丹 陈兵 刘洪� 唐中波 李金权 张军 邓俊明 刘进 王芳 李凌姜 缪月华 于 2021-08-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种快速、简单、易操作、新异锚碇隧道或拱座硐室开挖与支护衬砌方法,实施时涉及；前期工程、钻爆工程、支护衬砌、渗排水工程、爆渣铲装运工程。本发明所述一种快捷、简单、易操作新异开挖与支护衬砌方法具有如下特点：1、不需要钻爆开挖台车,因此不存在移动钻爆开挖台车；2、爆渣不存在多次转运,降低施工成本；3、操作空间简单,空间相对开阔,作业环境条件舒适；4、爆破排危后,进行超前支护,系统支护,再铲装运爆渣；5、支护钢构加密加强闭环,加强较厚喷混,取消二衬繁琐的施工工艺工序；6、底部安设排渗系统；7、施工安全、质量较好,工期短,造价低。因此锚碇隧道和拱座硐室不但开挖与支护衬砌方法快捷、简单、易操作,而且新异。(The invention discloses a method for excavating, supporting and lining a new abnormal anchorage tunnel or an arch foundation chamber, which is quick, simple and easy to operate, and relates to the implementation; the method comprises the steps of earlier engineering, drilling and blasting engineering, supporting and lining, seepage and drainage engineering and slag blasting shovel loading and transporting engineering. The method for quickly, simply and easily operating the new excavation and the supporting lining has the following characteristics: 1. drilling and blasting excavation trolleys are not needed, so that the movable drilling and blasting excavation trolleys do not exist; 2. the slag blasting does not have multiple transfers, so that the construction cost is reduced; 3. the operation space is simple, the space is relatively wide, and the operation environment condition is comfortable; 4. after blasting danger elimination, carrying out advanced support and system support, and then shoveling and loading blasting slag; 5. the supporting steel structure is used for strengthening the closed loop in a dense way, so that thicker spraying and mixing are strengthened, and complicated construction process procedures of a second lining are eliminated; 6. the bottom is provided with a drainage system; 7. safe construction, better quality, short construction period and low cost. Therefore, the anchorage tunnel and the abutment chamber not only have quick, simple and easy excavation and supporting lining methods, but also are novel.)

1. A fast, simple, easy-to-operate, new unlike anchorage tunnel or arch springing chamber excavate and support the lining method, characterized by that; the implementation process is as follows;

early engineering: constructing an anchorage tunnel or an arch foundation chamber portal according to a common tunnel, firstly removing dangers, constructing side slopes and upward slopes, constructing a catch basin, and constructing an arch sleeve and a facing wall according to a central axis and a design outline;

drilling and blasting engineering: three different blasting excavation blasting propelling surfaces appear due to the excavation of the anchorage tunnel or the arch foundation chamber, wherein the blasting propelling surfaces are firstly a slope surface, a folding surface formed by the slope surface and a horizontal plane in the middle period and the horizontal plane in the later period;

the tunnel or the arch foundation chamber opening is drilled, exploded and excavated to form a slope, the slope is required to meet the requirement of construction, and the height is convenient for construction;

the method comprises the following steps of (1) middle-term folding surface excavation blasting, wherein a horizontal plane adopts smooth surfaces, cut grooves and V-shaped detonating, a slope surface adopts smooth surfaces and V-shaped detonating, and the cut grooves are arranged at the opening end as much as possible, so that disturbance to surrounding rocks is reduced; blasting and excavating on the horizontal plane to advance to the bottom line of the slope, and blasting blast holes on the slope;

in the later horizontal plane, the horizontal plane of the anchorage tunnel or the arch chamber adopts smooth surface, cut groove and V-shaped detonation, and the cut groove is arranged at the opening end as much as possible, so that the disturbance to surrounding rocks is reduced;

supporting and lining: the purpose of constructing the secondary lining of the common traffic tunnel is to reinforce the support, optimize a route waterproof and drainage system, beautify the appearance and conveniently set facilities for communication, illumination, monitoring and the like so as to meet the requirement of the construction of the modern expressway tunnel, and the anchorage tunnel or the arch support chamber is provided with an anchorage and an arch support to fill the anchorage tunnel or the arch support chamber, so that the appearance is not required to be beautified and the communication and illumination are convenient to set when the tunnel or the arch support chamber is in operation and the sight is not required to touch and the traffic is not required;

the center line of the common traffic tunnel is approximately horizontal, while the inclination angles of the anchor tunnel or the center line of the arch support chamber or the bottom plate are mostly 45 degrees and even exceed 45 degrees, so that the support can be strengthened, and a secondary lining is cancelled;

arranging longitudinal and transverse water seepage aqueducts between the surrounding rock and the support or canceling a drainage system; for the strength, the steel structure strength can be enhanced, the concrete spraying strength and the concrete spraying thickness can be enhanced, and the problem of primary support can be solved, so that a secondary lining is cancelled, and a one-time supporting lining is enhanced;

after drilling explosion and danger elimination, the slag can be cushioned to carry out steel structure supporting and construction, and locking feet, waists and top anchor rods are well made to strengthen advanced support and system support;

and (3) seepage and drainage engineering: a longitudinal water seepage aqueduct can be arranged on the bottom plate before the closed loop;

and (3) slag blasting shovel loading and transporting engineering: installing a pedestrian step at one side of the anchorage tunnel or the arch foundation cave, and installing a track traction type transportation system at the other side of the anchorage tunnel or the arch foundation cave;

after the lining support of the long-arm excavator is finished, shoveling and loading blast slag in a high slag car with a lower front part and a higher rear part of a bottom-dump truck breast board;

when the slag car is transported to the open air, the slag car can be transported away through a grain crossing cable way transportation system or a dump truck.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the construction field of anchorage tunnels or arch support chambers, in particular to a method for excavating, supporting and lining a new anchorage tunnel or arch support chamber, which is quick, simple and easy to operate.

Background

In order to build a strong traffic country, a high-speed rail and highway network extends to rivers, lakes and seas and high-mountain canyons, a cross-open area becomes a main battlefield for traffic construction, and a suspension bridge or an arch bridge is selected to jump over rivers, valleys and deep valleys, so that the number of the suspension bridge or the arch bridge is increased rapidly.

The anchorage and the arch support are balance components of a suspension bridge or an arch bridge, are arranged in a tunnel or a chamber which is inclined steeply or on a bank, are directly connected with a main cable and an arch, are coupled with the bank through a steep slope, and transmit the force of the suspension bridge or the arch bridge to the steep slope and the bank, and the stability of the anchorage and the arch support determines the safety and the danger of the suspension bridge or the arch bridge, so that the quality of the anchorage tunnel or the chamber of the arch support is very important.

The construction of the existing anchorage tunnel or arch foundation chamber excavation and lining design is that step excavation or annular excavation is carried out according to a traffic tunnel construction method, core soil excavation is carried out, lining support is carried out, and the loose cable saddle part of the tunnel anchor is still subjected to secondary lining. The designed construction is not only hard to drill and explode, but also difficult to shovel and transport the slag, and the construction safety, quality and efficiency are difficult to ensure.

The characteristics and the defects of the excavation and supporting lining of the conventional anchorage tunnel or arch foundation chamber are as follows:

the anchor tunnel or the arch foundation chamber has different sections along the axial line, an underground space exists near the anchor tunnel or the arch foundation chamber, the axial line is steeply inclined, the lower edge is steeper, and even the section is far larger than that of a common tunnel.

The anchorage tunnel or the arch support chamber does not directly need a functional structure in society, but completely provides a balance force structure for the functional structure to play a role of anchoring or supporting, and is a controlled project of a suspension bridge or an arch bridge, so that the stability of the suspension bridge or the arch bridge is directly influenced, the play of the bridge function is realized, and the excavation quality of the anchorage tunnel or the arch support chamber determines the quality and the service life cycle of the bridge.

At present, the design and construction of excavation and lining are the same as those of common tunnels, and common excavation methods of traffic tunnels such as a ring excavation core soil retaining method, a two-step excavation method, a double-side-wall pilot tunnel excavation method, even a middle partition wall excavation method and the like are directly implemented according to the conditions and the process procedures of a highway tunnel excavation method.

According to the specification of 'road tunnel construction technical specification' or 'high-speed railway tunnel engineering construction technical regulation', the construction of a common road or railway tunnel selects a proper excavation method according to the grade of surrounding rocks or geological conditions of the surrounding rocks, and adopts a corresponding supporting mode. After all, the anchorage tunnel or the arch chamber has essential difference from the common road tunnel structure and function, so that the anchorage tunnel or the arch chamber has certain limitation in construction according to the common road or railway tunnel.

The annular excavation and core soil reserving method is most suitable for the construction of tunnels of general soil texture or soft surrounding rocks which are easy to collapse, V-level surrounding rocks of two lanes and VI-level surrounding rocks of large sections, and III-level surrounding rocks and IV-level surrounding rocks of three lanes. The excavation section is divided into an upper part, a middle part, a lower part and a bottom part for gradual excavation construction, the area of core soil is not less than 50% of the area of the whole section, the upper part is preferably 3-5 m ahead of the middle part, the middle part is 3-5 m ahead of the lower part, and the lower part is about 10m ahead of the bottom part, so that the core soil supports the tunnel face and the wall before lining and does not collapse, and the tunnel face and the surrounding rock are supported and supported continuously as far as possible.

The step method is suitable for III-grade and IV-grade surrounding rocks, and the V-grade surrounding rocks are excavated after the advanced support stable excavation surface. The upper step is excavated firstly, after advance support and primary support are carried out, the lower step is excavated, and support of the tunnel face and surrounding rocks are ensured to be not collapsed in time and continuously.

For the primary support, the secondary lining is the inner lining constructed by concrete and other materials under the condition that the tunnel is subjected to the primary support, so that the aims of reinforcing the support, optimizing a route waterproof and drainage system, beautifying the appearance, conveniently setting communication, illumination, monitoring and other facilities are achieved, and the requirement of modern expressway tunnel construction is met.

The construction of an anchorage tunnel or an arch foundation tunnel is that step drilling and blasting construction is carried out according to a common highway or railway tunnel, the steps are short due to the existence of the steps, a drilling and blasting trolley and an excavator are not easy to drag out of a tunnel portal or move for avoiding the collision and the damage of blasting flyrock at each time, and meanwhile, the steps are short due to the existence of the steps, and the slag blasting is shoveled and transported for multiple times, so that the labor and the labor are wasted (figure 1).

The difficulty of secondary lining is large, a scaffold is erected on a slope, a mould is closed at the top, and concrete is tamped, so that the difficulty is quite large.

The double-side-wall pilot tunnel excavation method, even the middle partition excavation method, has more working procedures and low excavation efficiency due to complex process, is less used even in the construction of common traffic tunnels and is less used in the excavation of anchorage tunnels or arch chambers.

Therefore, no matter the annular excavation core soil remaining method, the two-step excavation method, the double-side-wall pit guiding excavation method and the middle partition wall excavation method are adopted, the common traffic tunnel excavation method is based on the fact that the center line of the common traffic tunnel is located on the same horizontal plane or a gentle plane, the climbing gradient is not greater than 3%, the follow-up excavation plays a role of supporting and propping the surrounding rock for the preceding excavation, and the tunnel face is not collapsed. The climbing slope is not more than 3 percent and not less than 0.3 percent, which is enough to be used as a subsequent supporting foundation, the central axis of the anchorage tunnel or the arch chamber is inclined at an angle of nearly 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, the inclination angle of the bottom plate is larger, the tunnel face is pushed to the rear anchorage chamber or the bottom of the chamber from the entrance, the stress characteristics of the tunnel face and surrounding rocks are essentially different from those of a common traffic tunnel, so that construction cannot be carried out according to the excavation method of the common traffic tunnel, and a construction method with different design is required according to the characteristics of the anchorage tunnel or the arch chamber.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, in order to solve the defects, the invention provides a method for quickly, simply and easily excavating, supporting and lining a new special anchorage tunnel or an arch support chamber.

The invention is realized in this way, construct a fast, simple, easy-to-operate, new different anchorage tunnel or arch springing chamber excavate and support the lining method, characterized by that; the implementation process is as follows;

early engineering: constructing an anchorage tunnel or an arch foundation chamber portal according to a common tunnel, firstly removing dangers, constructing side slopes and upward slopes, constructing a catch basin, and constructing an arch sleeve and a facing wall according to a central axis and a design outline;

drilling and blasting engineering: the anchorage tunnel or the arch foundation chamber has three different blasting excavation propelling surfaces, namely a slope surface in the first period, a folding surface formed by the slope surface and a horizontal plane in the middle period and the horizontal plane in the later period;

the tunnel or the arch-shaped chamber opening of the early anchorage tunnel or the arch-shaped chamber is drilled, exploded and excavated to form a slope, the slope is required to meet the requirement of construction, and the slope height is convenient for construction;

the method comprises the following steps of (1) middle-term folding surface excavation blasting, wherein a horizontal plane adopts smooth surfaces, cut grooves and V-shaped detonating, a slope surface adopts smooth surfaces and V-shaped detonating, and the cut grooves are arranged at the opening end as much as possible, so that disturbance to surrounding rocks is reduced; blasting and excavating on the horizontal plane to push the horizontal plane to a broken line, namely a slope bottom line, and blasting holes on the slope;

in the later horizontal plane drilling and blasting construction, the horizontal plane of an anchorage tunnel or an arch foundation chamber adopts smooth surface, cut and V-shaped blasting, and the cut is arranged at the opening end as much as possible to reduce the disturbance to surrounding rocks;

supporting and lining: because the purpose of constructing the secondary lining of the common traffic tunnel is to reinforce the support, optimize the route water-proof and drainage system, beautify the appearance, facilitate the arrangement of facilities such as communication, illumination, monitoring and the like, the anchorage tunnel or the arch support chamber is filled with anchorages and arch supports, and cannot be touched by eyes during operation without traffic, therefore, the appearance is not required to be beautified, the communication and the illumination are convenient to set, the center line of the common traffic tunnel is approximately horizontal, the center line or the bottom plate of the anchorage tunnel or the arch chamber is 45 degrees or even larger, the support can be enlarged, the longitudinal and transverse water seepage guide pipes are arranged between the surrounding rock and the support, or the drainage system is canceled, for the strength, the steel structure strength can be enhanced, and the strength and the thickness of the sprayed concrete can be enhanced, so that the problem can be solved, and a secondary lining is cancelled, and a one-time supporting lining is enhanced;

after drilling explosion and danger elimination, the slag can be cushioned to carry out steel structure supporting construction, and locking feet, waist and top anchor rods are well made to strengthen advanced support and system support;

and (3) seepage and drainage engineering: a longitudinal water seepage aqueduct can be arranged on the bottom plate before the closed loop;

and (3) slag blasting shovel loading and transporting engineering: installing a pedestrian step at one side of the anchorage tunnel or the arch foundation cave, and installing a track traction type transportation system at the other side of the anchorage tunnel or the arch foundation cave;

after the lining support of the long-arm excavator is finished, the long-arm excavator shovels and loads the blasting slag in a high slag car at the front lower part and the rear part of the bottom-dump truck breast board. When the slag car is transported to the open air, the slag car can be transported away through a grain crossing cable way transportation system or a dump truck.

The invention has the following advantages:

1. drilling and blasting excavation trolleys are not needed, so that the movable drilling and blasting excavation trolleys do not exist;

2. the slag blasting does not have multiple transfers, so that the construction cost is reduced;

3. the operation space is simple, the space is relatively wide, and the operation environment condition is comfortable;

4. after blasting danger elimination, carrying out advanced support and system support, and then shoveling and loading blasting slag;

5. the supporting steel structure is used for strengthening the closed loop in a dense way, so that thicker spraying and mixing are strengthened, and complicated construction process procedures of a second lining are eliminated;

6. the bottom is provided with a drainage system;

7. the construction is safe, the quality is better, the construction period is short, and the cost is low;

therefore, the anchorage tunnel and the abutment chamber not only have quick, simple and easy excavation and supporting lining methods, but also are novel.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an anchorage chamber step excavation method;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of blasting hole nets excavated in an early-stage folding anchor tunnel or an arch foundation chamber;

fig. 3-4 are schematic diagrams of blasting hole net arrangement of horizontal plane anchorage tunnel or arch foundation chamber excavation in later period.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a quick, simple and easy-to-operate method for excavation and supporting lining by improvement, which can be implemented as follows as shown in the figure;

early engineering:

and constructing an anchorage tunnel or an arch foundation chamber portal according to a common tunnel, firstly removing dangers, constructing side slopes and upward slopes, constructing a catch basin, and constructing an arch sleeve and a facing wall according to a central axis and a design outline.

Drilling and blasting engineering:

as the anchorage tunnel or the arch foundation chamber is excavated, three different blasting excavation blasting propelling surfaces exist, namely a slope surface in the first period, a folding surface formed by the slope surface and a horizontal plane in the middle period and the horizontal plane in the later period.

The tunnel of early anchorage or hunch seat chamber entrance to a cave bores to explode and excavate and form domatic, and domatic slope should satisfy the people and can construct, and the height is for constructing conveniently.

And (3) middle-term folding surface excavation blasting, wherein the horizontal surface adopts smooth surfaces, cut grooves and V-shaped detonating, the slope surface adopts smooth surfaces and V-shaped detonating, and the cut grooves are arranged at the opening end as much as possible, so that the disturbance to surrounding rocks is reduced. The horizontal blasting excavation is pushed to a broken line, namely a slope bottom line, and then blast holes on the slope surface are exploded (figure 2).

And in the later horizontal plane, the horizontal plane of the anchorage tunnel or the arch foundation chamber adopts smooth surfaces, cut grooves and V-shaped detonating, and the cut grooves are arranged at the opening end as much as possible, so that the disturbance to surrounding rocks is reduced (figure 3).

Supporting and lining:

the purpose of constructing a secondary lining for a common traffic tunnel is to reinforce a support, optimize a route waterproof and drainage system, beautify the appearance, and conveniently set communication, illumination, monitoring and other facilities so as to meet the requirement of modern expressway tunnel construction, an anchorage tunnel or an arch support chamber is provided with an anchorage and an arch support to fill the anchorage tunnel or the arch support chamber, and the anchorage tunnel or the arch support chamber is not touched by eyes during operation and does not need to go through a vehicle, so that the appearance is not beautified, the communication and illumination are conveniently set, meanwhile, the center line of the common traffic tunnel is also approximately horizontal, the center line or the bottom plate of the anchorage tunnel or the arch support chamber is mostly 45 degrees or even larger, the support can be enlarged, and a longitudinal and transverse water seepage water guide pipe is arranged between a surrounding rock and the support, or a drainage system is cancelled; the strength can be enhanced by the steel structure strength and the thickness of the sprayed concrete, so that the problem can be solved, two linings are eliminated, and the feasibility of one-time supporting lining is enhanced.

After drilling explosion and danger elimination, the slag can be filled up to carry out steel structure supporting and constructing, and the locking feet, the waist and the top anchor rod are well made to strengthen advanced support and system support.

And (3) seepage and drainage engineering:

the longitudinal water seepage aqueduct can be arranged on the bottom plate of the rock mass before the closed loop.

And (3) slag blasting shovel loading and transporting engineering:

a pedestrian step is arranged on one side of the anchorage tunnel or the arch foundation cave, and a rail traction type transportation system is arranged on the other side of the anchorage tunnel or the arch foundation cave.

After the lining support of the long-arm excavator is finished, the long-arm excavator shovels and loads the blasting slag in a high slag car at the front lower part and the rear part of the bottom-dump truck breast board. When the slag car is transported to the open air, the slag car can be transported away through a grain crossing cable way transportation system or a dump truck.

The method for quickly, simply and easily operating the new excavation and the supporting lining has the characteristics that:

1. drilling and blasting excavation trolleys are not needed, so that the movable drilling and blasting excavation trolleys do not exist;

2. the slag blasting does not have multiple transfers, so that the construction cost is reduced;

3. the operation space is simple, the space is relatively wide, and the operation environment condition is comfortable;

4. after blasting danger elimination, carrying out advanced support and system support, and then shoveling and loading blasting slag;

5. the supporting steel structure is used for strengthening the closed loop in a dense way, so that thicker spraying and mixing are strengthened, and complicated construction process procedures of a second lining are eliminated;

6. the bottom is provided with a drainage system;

7. the construction is safe, the quality is better, the construction period is short, and the cost is low;

therefore, the anchorage tunnel and the abutment chamber not only have quick, simple and easy excavation and supporting lining methods, but also are novel.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.