阅读说明：本技术 一种煤矸石酸化处理再利用系统 (Coal gangue acidification treatment recycling system ) 是由 周易婷 于 2021-08-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：发明属于煤矸石处理领域,为一种煤矸石酸化处理再利用系统,一种煤矸石酸化处理再利用系统,包括壳体,所述壳体外侧下方对称固定有四根外立柱,所述壳体内侧顶部设有粉尘收集处理装置,粉尘收集处理装置用于将煤矸石添加和处理过程中产生的粉尘收集并处理,所述壳体内侧设有磁料分选装置,磁料分选装置用于将研磨完成的煤矸石中的磁性矿物筛选出来,所述壳体内侧设有煤矸石研磨装置,煤矸石研磨装置用于将煤矸石研磨至需要的尺寸。本发明能够对煤矿采集过程中产生的煤矸石进行再处理,分离筛选出其中的磁性矿物,并将剩余的煤矸石加工成合适大小再进行酸洗处理,同时收集处理过程中产生的粉尘物质。(The invention belongs to the field of coal gangue treatment, and relates to a coal gangue acidification treatment recycling system which comprises a shell, wherein four outer stand columns are symmetrically fixed below the outer side of the shell, a dust collection treatment device is arranged at the top of the inner side of the shell and used for collecting and treating dust generated in the coal gangue adding and treating process, a magnetic material sorting device is arranged on the inner side of the shell and used for screening out magnetic minerals in the ground coal gangue, a coal gangue grinding device is arranged on the inner side of the shell and used for grinding the coal gangue to a required size. The invention can reprocess the coal gangue generated in the coal mine collection process, separate and screen out the magnetic minerals in the coal gangue, process the residual coal gangue into proper size and then carry out acid cleaning treatment, and simultaneously collect the dust substances generated in the treatment process.)

1. The utility model provides a system of recycling is handled in gangue acidizing, includes casing (10), its characterized in that, casing (10) outside below symmetry is fixed with four outer stands (55), casing (10) inboard top is equipped with dust collection processing apparatus, and dust collection processing apparatus is used for adding the gangue and collects and handle the dust that produces with the processing procedure, casing (10) inboard is equipped with magnetism material sorting unit, and magnetism material sorting unit is arranged in screening out the magnetic mineral in the gangue that grinds the completion, casing (10) inboard is equipped with coal gangue grinder, and coal gangue grinder is used for grinding the gangue to required size, casing (10) inboard lower part is equipped with material processing apparatus, and material processing apparatus is used for carrying out subsequent processing to the material after the screening.

2. The coal gangue acidification treatment and reuse system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dust collecting and processing device comprises eight upper air suction pipes (24) fixed on the lower side of the top of the shell (10), a gas collecting ring (23) is fixedly connected on the lower side of the upper air suction pipes (24), an inner gas conveying pipe (25) is fixedly connected on the inner side of the gas collecting ring (23), an inner gas collecting ring (28) is fixedly connected on the inner side of the inner gas conveying pipe (25), a water tank (50) is fixed on the upper portion of the inner side wall of the shell (10), a negative pressure chamber (53) is fixed on the lower side of the water tank (50), a fan blade motor (54) is fixed on the inner side of the negative pressure chamber (53), a fan blade shaft (52) is arranged at the output end of the fan blade motor (54), a fan blade (51) is fixed at the tail end of the fan blade shaft (52), an outer gas conveying pipe (29) is connected between the negative pressure chamber (53) and the gas collecting ring (23), and a filter screen (47) is arranged at the joint of the outer gas conveying pipe (29) and the negative pressure chamber (53), water tank (50) with be connected with outlet pipe (48) between filter screen (47), water tank (50) with outlet pipe (48) junction is equipped with valve (49), negative pressure room (53) below is in be fixed with dust chamber (45) on casing (10) inside wall, filter screen (47) with be connected with filter screen (47) between pipe in the water (46).

3. The coal gangue acidification treatment and recycling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: magnetic material sorting unit is including fixing magnetic separation ring (32) of casing (10) inboard, casing (10) inboard bottom is fixed with many stands (39), stand (39) upper end is fixed with magnetic hopper (36), be fixed with many spacer bars (35) on magnetic hopper (36), spacer bar (35) upper end is fixed with stone hopper (34), magnetic hopper (36) bottom is fixed with magnetism material pipe (13), stone hopper (34) bottom is equipped with stone material pipe (37).

4. The coal gangue acidification treatment recycling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the coal gangue grinding device comprises a feed inlet (26) fixed at the center of the top of a shell (10), a support platform (19) is arranged on the inner side of the shell (10) in a sliding manner, a main motor (18) is fixed on the support platform (19), a rotary shaft (20) is arranged at the output end of the main motor (18), a grinding gear (21) is fixed at the tail end of the rotary shaft (20), four support rods (33) are fixed on a stone hopper (34), a lower grinder (31) is fixed on the support rods (33), a ring bearing (58) is installed on the upper side of the middle of the support platform (19), a support ring (17) is arranged on the ring bearing (58), an upper grinder (30) is fixed on the inner side of the support ring (17), a gear ring (22) is fixed on the upper grinder (30), and the gear ring (22) is meshed with the grinding gear (21), go up mill (30) with be fixed with a lot of abrasive particles (59) on the relative two sides of lower mill (31), go up mill (30) and be fixed with pan feeding mouth (27), casing (10) inboard symmetry is fixed with two pneumatic cylinders (15), every pneumatic cylinder (15) inboard slides and is equipped with a hydraulic stem (16), hydraulic stem (16) with supporting platform (19) contact, casing (10) inboard symmetry is fixed with two hydraulic tank (60), every pneumatic cylinder (15) with be connected with a hydraulic pressure pipe (14) between hydraulic tank (60).

5. The coal gangue acidification treatment recycling system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the material processing device comprises an acidification chamber (43) fixed at the bottom of the shell (10), wherein a stirring shaft (41) is fixed on the outer side wall of the acidification chamber (43), the output end of the stirring shaft (41) is provided with a stirring shaft (41), three stirring blades (40) are fixed on the stirring shaft (41), an acid liquid pipe (38) is arranged between the acidification chamber (43) and the shell (10), the acidification chamber (43) is connected with the stone pipe (37), and a discharge hole (44) is formed in the bottom of the acidification chamber (43).

6. The coal gangue acidification treatment and recycling system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the magnetic material storage device is characterized in that a magnetic material storage bin (12) is fixed at the bottom of the shell (10), a blanking port (11) is arranged at the bottom of the magnetic material storage bin (12), a spray pipe (57) is connected between the magnetic material storage bin (12) and the shell (10), a sprayer (56) is arranged at the tail end of the spray pipe (57), and the magnetic material storage bin (12) is connected with the magnetic material pipe (13).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of coal gangue treatment, and particularly relates to a coal gangue acidification treatment recycling system.

Background

Coal associated waste rock is one of the mining solid wastes, and is the solid waste discharged in the process of tunneling, mining and coal washing. The coal gangue-containing solid waste is a mixture of coal gangue washing of a coal washing plant, hand gangue separation in coal production, coal and rock discharged in the driving of a half coal roadway and a rock roadway, white gangue outside a coal system stacked together with the coal gangue and the like. Is a mixture of carbonaceous, argillaceous and sandy shale, and has a low calorific value. Contains 20-30% of carbon and some humic acid. China stores about 1000Mt of coal gangue over the years, and continues to discharge about 100Mt every year, not only accumulating land, but also spontaneously combusting to pollute air or cause fire. And dust waste is easy to generate to pollute the atmospheric environment in the retreatment process of the coal gangue.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a coal gangue acidification treatment recycling system which can be used for reprocessing coal gangue and processing the coal gangue into useful raw materials.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a system of recycling is handled in gangue acidizing, includes the casing, casing outside below symmetry is fixed with four outer stands, the inboard top of casing is equipped with dust collection processing apparatus, and dust collection processing apparatus is used for adding the gangue and collects and handle the dust that produces in the processing procedure, the casing inboard is equipped with magnetism material sorting unit, and magnetism material sorting unit is arranged in will grinding the magnetic mineral in the gangue of accomplishing and sieves out, the casing inboard is equipped with the gangue grinder, and the gangue grinder is used for grinding the gangue to the size that needs, the inboard lower part of casing is equipped with material processing apparatus, and material processing apparatus is used for carrying out subsequent processing to the material after the screening.

Preferably, the dust collecting and processing device comprises eight upper air suction pipes fixed on the lower side of the top of the shell, a gas collecting ring is fixedly connected on the lower side of the upper air suction pipes, an inner gas conveying pipe is fixedly connected on the inner side of the gas collecting ring, an inner gas collecting ring is fixedly connected on the inner side of the inner gas conveying pipe, a water tank is fixed on the upper part of the inner side wall of the shell, a negative pressure chamber is fixed on the lower side of the water tank, a fan blade motor is fixed on the inner side of the negative pressure chamber, a fan blade shaft is arranged at the output end of the fan blade motor, a fan blade is fixed at the tail end of the fan blade shaft, an outer air conveying pipe is connected between the negative pressure chamber and the gas collecting ring, a filter screen is arranged at the joint of the outer air conveying pipe and the negative pressure chamber, a water outlet pipe is connected between the water tank and the filter screen, a valve is arranged at the joint of the water tank and the water outlet pipe, and a dust chamber is fixed on the inner side wall of the shell below the negative pressure chamber, and a filter screen is connected between the filter screen and the downpipe.

Preferably, magnetic material sorting unit is including fixing the inboard magnetic separation ring of casing, casing inboard bottom is fixed with many stands, the stand upper end is fixed with the magnetic hopper, be fixed with many spacer bars on the magnetic hopper, the spacer bar upper end is fixed with the stone hopper, the magnetic hopper bottom is fixed with the magnetism material pipe, stone hopper bottom is equipped with the stone material pipe.

Preferably, the coal gangue grinding device comprises a feed inlet fixed at the center of the top of the shell, a support platform is arranged on the inner side of the shell in a sliding manner, a main motor is fixed on the support platform, the output end of the main motor is provided with a rotating shaft, a grinding gear is fixed at the tail end of the rotating shaft, four support rods are fixed on the stone hopper, a lower grinder is fixed on each support rod, a ring bearing is installed on the upper side of the middle part of the support platform, a support ring is arranged on each ring bearing, an upper grinder is fixed on the inner side of the support ring, a gear ring is fixed on the upper grinder and engaged with the grinding gear, a plurality of grinding particles are fixed on two opposite surfaces of the upper grinder and the lower grinder, a feed inlet is fixed on the upper grinder, two hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically fixed on the inner side of the shell, and a hydraulic rod is arranged on the inner side of each hydraulic cylinder in a sliding manner, the hydraulic rod is in contact with the supporting platform, two hydraulic oil tanks are symmetrically fixed on the inner side of the shell, and a hydraulic pipe is connected between each hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic oil tank.

Preferably, the material processing device is including fixing the acidizing chamber of casing bottom, be fixed with the (mixing) shaft on the acidizing chamber lateral wall, the (mixing) shaft output is equipped with the (mixing) shaft, be fixed with three stirring leaf on the (mixing) shaft, the acidizing chamber with be equipped with sour liquid pipe between the casing, the acidizing chamber with the building stones pipe links to each other, the acidizing chamber bottom is equipped with the discharge gate.

Preferably, the bottom of the shell is fixed with a magnetic material bin, the bottom of the magnetic material bin is provided with a blanking port, the magnetic material bin is connected with a spray pipe between the shells, the tail end of the spray pipe is provided with a sprayer, and the magnetic material bin is connected with the magnetic material bin.

When the gangue is needed to be reprocessed, a hydraulic cylinder is started, a hydraulic rod is moved, a support platform is driven to slide, a ring bearing is driven to move up and down, a support ring is driven to move up and down, an upper grinder is driven to move up and down, the distance between the upper grinder and a lower grinder is adjusted, a main motor is started, a rotating shaft is driven to rotate, a grinding gear is driven to rotate, the gear ring is driven to rotate, the upper grinder is driven to rotate, the gangue is poured into from a feed inlet, a grinding space between the upper grinder and the lower grinder is formed by a feed inlet, the gangue is ground by the upper grinder and the lower grinder and grinding particles, the gangue falls down from an outlet below to a required size, and an adjustable grinding gap enables the final machining size of the gangue to be adjusted as required, so that the gangue can adapt to different operation requirements.

And simultaneously, a fan blade motor is started, so that a fan blade shaft rotates to drive the fan blade to rotate and generate negative pressure, the upper air suction pipe absorbs dust generated when the coal gangue falls on the feed inlet, the inner gas collection ring absorbs dust generated when the coal gangue rises in the grinding process, the dust passes through the inner gas pipe, the gas collection ring and the outer gas transmission pipe and reaches the filter screen, the dust is enriched on the filter screen, when a certain degree is reached, a valve is opened, water flows through the water outlet pipe to flush the filter screen, sewage with dust enters the dust chamber through the water falling pipe, the dust generated in the coal gangue retreatment process is collected and treated, the pollution of the dust to the environment is reduced, and the environment friendliness is improved.

And meanwhile, the magnetic separation ring is started, in the falling process of the coal gangue powder, when the coal gangue powder passes through the magnetic separation ring, the magnetic material is pulled by force to be separated from the coal gangue, the coal gangue falls into the stone hopper and enters the stone pipe through the inclined plane, the magnetic material enters the magnetic hopper and enters the magnetic pipe through the inclined plane, the magnetic material is separated from the coal gangue, the utilization efficiency of resources is improved, and the waste is reduced.

Starting the stirring motor simultaneously, make the (mixing) shaft rotatory, it is rotatory to drive the stirring leaf, the gangue powder gets into the acidizing chamber from the building stones pipe, acidizing solution gets into the acidizing chamber from the acidizing fluid pipe, carry out intensive mixing to gangue powder and acidizing solution, make the acidizing abundant, open the discharge gate after reaching certain capacity and discharge the material, the magnetism material gets into in the magnetism feed bin from magnetism feed bin pipe, rivers get into the shower through the shower, spray to the magnetism material in from the shower and carry out moist, stir and the acidizing to the gangue, reduce follow-up work load, the production of the moist dust that reduces of magnetism material.

Compared with the prior art, the coal gangue acidification treatment recycling system has the following advantages:

1. the adjustable grinding gap enables the final machining size of the coal gangue to be adjusted according to needs, so that the coal gangue can adapt to different operation needs.

2. Dust generated in the coal gangue retreatment process is collected and treated, so that the pollution of the dust to the environment is reduced, and the environment friendliness is improved.

3. The magnetic material is separated from the coal gangue, so that the utilization efficiency of resources is improved, and the waste is reduced.

4. The coal gangue is stirred and acidified, the subsequent workload is reduced, and the magnetic material is moistened to reduce the generation of dust.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal gangue acidification treatment and reuse system.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along a line a-a in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure at C in fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure at D in fig. 2.

In the figure, 10, the housing; 11. a blanking port; 12. a magnetic storage bin; 13. a magnetic material pipe; 14. a hydraulic tube; 15. a hydraulic cylinder; 16. a hydraulic lever; 17. a support ring; 18. a main motor; 19. a support platform; 20. a rotating shaft; 21. grinding the gear; 22. a gear ring; 23. a gas collecting ring; 24. an upper suction pipe; 25. an inner gas delivery pipe; 26. a feed inlet; 27. a feeding port; 28. an inner gas collecting ring; 29. an outer trachea; 30. an upper grinder; 31. a grinder is arranged; 32. a magnetic selection ring; 33. a support bar; 34. a stone hopper; 35. a spacer bar; 36. a magnetic hopper; 37. a stone pipe; 38. an acid liquor pipe; 39. a column; 40. stirring blades; 41. a stirring shaft; 42. a stirring motor; 43. an acidification chamber; 44. a discharge port; 45. a dust chamber; 46. a downpipe; 47. a filter screen; 48. a water outlet pipe; 49. a valve; 50. a water tank; 51. a fan blade; 52. a fan blade shaft; 53. a negative pressure chamber; 54. a fan blade motor; 55. an outer column; 56. a sprayer; 57. a shower pipe; 58. a ring bearing; 59. grinding the particles; 60. and a hydraulic oil tank.

Detailed Description

The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1, a system is recycled in coal gangue acidizing, including casing 10, casing 10 outside below symmetry is fixed with four outer stands 55, casing 10 inboard top is equipped with dust collection processing apparatus, dust collection processing apparatus is used for adding the coal gangue and collects and handle the dust that produces in the processing procedure, casing 10 inboard is equipped with magnetism material sorting unit, magnetism material sorting unit is arranged in screening out the magnetic mineral in the coal gangue that will grind the completion, casing 10 inboard is equipped with the coal gangue grinder, the coal gangue grinder is used for grinding the coal gangue to required size, casing 10 inboard lower part is equipped with material processing apparatus, material processing apparatus is used for carrying out subsequent processing to the material after the screening.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the dust collecting and processing device comprises eight upper air suction pipes 24 fixed on the lower side of the top of the housing 10, a gas collecting ring 23 fixedly connected to the lower side of the upper air suction pipe 24, an inner air delivery pipe 25 fixedly connected to the inner side of the gas collecting ring 23, an inner gas collecting ring 28 fixedly connected to the inner side of the inner air delivery pipe 25, a water tank 50 fixed on the upper portion of the inner side wall of the housing 10, a negative pressure chamber 53 fixed on the lower side of the water tank 50, a fan blade motor 54 fixed on the inner side of the negative pressure chamber 53, a fan blade shaft 52 arranged at the output end of the fan blade motor 54, a fan blade 51 fixed at the end of the fan blade shaft 52, an outer air delivery pipe 29 connected between the negative pressure chamber 53 and the gas collecting ring 23, a filter screen 47 arranged at the connection between the outer air delivery pipe 29 and the negative pressure chamber 53, a water outlet pipe 48 connected between the water tank 50 and the filter screen 47, a valve 49 arranged at the connection between the water tank 50 and the water outlet pipe 48, and a dust chamber 45 fixed on the inner side wall of the housing 10 below the negative pressure chamber 53, a filter screen 47 is connected between the filter screen 47 and the downpipe 46.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the magnetic material sorting device includes a magnetic separation ring 32 fixed inside the casing 10, a plurality of columns 39 are fixed at the bottom inside the casing 10, a magnetic hopper 36 is fixed at the upper end of each column 39, a plurality of separation rods 35 are fixed on each magnetic hopper 36, a stone hopper 34 is fixed at the upper end of each separation rod 35, a magnetic material pipe 13 is fixed at the bottom of each magnetic hopper 36, and a stone pipe 37 is arranged at the bottom of each stone hopper 34.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the coal gangue grinding device comprises a feeding port 26 fixed at the top center of a housing 10, a support platform 19 is slidably arranged at the inner side of the housing 10, a main motor 18 is fixed on the support platform 19, a rotating shaft 20 is arranged at the output end of the main motor 18, a grinding gear 21 is fixed at the tail end of the rotating shaft 20, four support rods 33 are fixed on a stone hopper 34, a lower grinder 31 is fixed on the support rods 33, a ring bearing 58 is installed at the upper side of the middle part of the support platform 19, a support ring 17 is arranged on the ring bearing 58, an upper grinder 30 is fixed at the inner side of the support ring 17, a gear ring 22 is fixed on the upper grinder 30, the gear ring 22 is meshed with the grinding gear 21, a plurality of grinding particles 59 are fixed on two opposite surfaces of the upper grinder 30 and the lower grinder 31, a feeding port 27 is fixed on the upper grinder 30, two hydraulic cylinders 15 are symmetrically fixed on the inner side of the housing 10, a hydraulic rod 16 is slidably arranged on the inner side of each hydraulic cylinder 15, the hydraulic rod 16 is in contact with the supporting platform 19, two hydraulic oil tanks 60 are symmetrically fixed on the inner side of the shell 10, and a hydraulic pipe 14 is connected between each hydraulic cylinder 15 and each hydraulic oil tank 60.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5, the material processing apparatus includes an acidification chamber 43 fixed at the bottom of the housing 10, a stirring shaft 41 is fixed on the outer side wall of the acidification chamber 43, a stirring shaft 41 is provided at the output end of the stirring shaft 41, three stirring blades 40 are fixed on the stirring shaft 41, an acid liquid pipe 38 is provided between the acidification chamber 43 and the housing 10, the acidification chamber 43 is connected with the stone pipe 37, and a discharge port 44 is provided at the bottom of the acidification chamber 43.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5, a magnetic material bin 12 is fixed at the bottom of the shell 10, a blanking port 11 is arranged at the bottom of the magnetic material bin 12, a spray pipe 57 is connected between the magnetic material bin 12 and the shell 10, a sprayer 56 is arranged at the tail end of the spray pipe 57, and the magnetic material bin 12 is connected with the magnetic material pipe 13.

When the coal gangue needs to be reprocessed, the hydraulic cylinder 15 is started, so that the hydraulic rod 16 moves to drive the supporting platform 19 to slide, so that the ring bearing 58 moves up and down to drive the support ring 17 to move up and down, so that the upper grinder 30 moves up and down, the distance between the upper grinder 30 and the lower grinder 31 is adjusted, the main motor 18 is started, the rotation shaft 20 rotates to drive the grinding gear 21 to rotate, the gear ring 22 rotates to drive the upper grinder 30 to rotate, the coal gangue is poured from the feeding hole 26, enters the grinding space between the upper grinder 30 and the lower grinder 31 through the feeding hole 27, and falls from the outlet below after being ground to the required size under the grinding action of the upper grinder 30, the lower grinder 31 and the grinding particles 59, the adjustable grinding gap enables the final machining size of the coal gangue to be adjusted according to needs, so that the coal gangue can adapt to different operation needs.

Meanwhile, the fan blade motor 54 is started, so that the fan blade shaft 52 rotates to drive the fan blades 51 to rotate to generate negative pressure, the upper air suction pipe 24 absorbs dust generated when coal gangue falls on the feed inlet 26, the inner gas collecting ring 28 absorbs dust generated when the coal gangue rises in the grinding process, the dust passes through the inner gas conveying pipe 25, the gas collecting ring 23 and the outer gas conveying pipe 29 to reach the filter screen 47, the dust is enriched on the filter screen 47, when a certain degree is reached, the valve 49 is opened, water flows through the water outlet pipe 48 to flush the filter screen 47, sewage with dust enters the dust chamber 45 through the water falling pipe 46, the dust generated in the coal gangue reprocessing process is collected and processed, the pollution of the dust to the environment is reduced, and the environmental friendliness is improved.

Meanwhile, the magnetic separation ring 32 is started, in the falling process of the coal gangue powder, when the coal gangue powder passes through the magnetic separation ring 32, magnetic materials in the coal gangue powder are dragged by force to be separated from the coal gangue, the coal gangue falls into the stone hopper 34 and enters the stone tube 37 through the inclined surface, the magnetic materials enter the magnetic hopper 36 and enter the magnetic tube 13 through the inclined surface, the magnetic materials are separated from the coal gangue, the utilization efficiency of resources is improved, and waste is reduced.

And meanwhile, the stirring motor 42 is started, so that the stirring shaft 41 rotates to drive the stirring blade 40 to rotate, the coal gangue powder enters the acidification chamber 43 from the stone pipe 37, the acidification solution enters the acidification chamber 43 from the acid liquor pipe 38, the coal gangue powder and the acidification solution are fully stirred to ensure full acidification, the discharge hole 44 is opened to discharge the materials after a certain capacity is reached, the magnetic materials enter the magnetic material bin 12 from the magnetic material pipe 13, water flows into the sprayer 56 through the spraying pipe 57, the magnetic materials are sprayed from the sprayer 56 to be wetted, the coal gangue is stirred and acidified, the subsequent workload is reduced, and the generation of dust is reduced due to wetting of the magnetic materials.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.