阅读说明：本技术 一种无光湿水止滑陶瓷砖及其制备方法 (Non-light wet water anti-slip ceramic tile and preparation method thereof ) 是由 童垸林 向细良 何维仁 刘交 郭雄 钟贵平 于 2021-08-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种无光湿水止滑陶瓷砖及其制备方法,包括有在坯体上施面釉、装饰图案、施止滑保护釉,然后烧成,在装饰图案之后喷熔剂墨水,在烧成后砖面进行刷抛。本发明所得止滑陶瓷砖在干燥时,手摸感觉和普通仿古砖一样细腻,在湿水时手摸有明显的涩手止滑效果,在干、湿两种情况下防滑指数都达到0.8以上,同时具备无光效果,其光泽度平均小于3°；釉面耐磨度可达到4级；耐污染性5级。可作为一种装饰效果良好,耐污染性能优异且具有止滑性能的装饰材料,广泛应用于公共场所、家庭装修领域。(The invention discloses a matt wet water anti-slip ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof. When the non-slip ceramic tile is dry, the hand feeling is as fine as that of a common archaized tile, the hand feeling is obvious in astringent non-slip effect when the tile is wet, the non-slip index reaches over 0.8 under both dry and wet conditions, the non-slip ceramic tile has a dull effect, and the glossiness of the non-slip ceramic tile is smaller than 3 degrees on average; the wear resistance of the glaze surface can reach 4 grades; stain resistance rating 5. The coating can be used as a decorative material with good decorative effect, excellent pollution resistance and slip resistance, and can be widely applied to the fields of public places and home decoration.)

1. A process for preparing the non-light wet water antislip ceramic tile includes such steps as coating surface glaze, decorative pattern, antislip protecting glaze on the surface of ceramic tile, and calcining.

2. The method for preparing a non-gloss wet water-limited slip ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the flux ink comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-20% of sodium carbonate, 1-5% of ammonium metavanadate, 8-12% of a dispersing agent, 0.1-0.5% of a viscosity regulator, 1-2% of a pH regulator, 0.2-0.5% of a surfactant, 1-2% of a defoaming agent and 60-80% of a solvent.

3. The method for preparing a non-light wet water anti-slip ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the chemical composition of the anti-slip protective glaze is as follows: SiO 2₂：37~44%、Al₂O₃：20~22%、CaO：1～2%、MgO：4～6%、K₂O：5.2～7%、Na₂O: 3-4.8%, BaO: 4-10%, ZnO: 6-10%, SrO: 3-5% and 2-5% of ignition loss.

4. A non-gloss wet water non-slip ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof according to claim 3, characterized in that the non-slip protection glaze is prepared from the following minerals in percentage by mass: 20-40% of high-temperature matte frit, 7-15% of kaolin, 10-20% of non-slip powder, 3-5% of calcined kaolin, 3-10% of zinc oxide, 5-10% of barium carbonate, 3-8% of strontium carbonate, 3-10% of calcined talc and 5-20% of potassium feldspar.

5. The method for preparing the ceramic tile without light, wet and water skid resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the overglaze is applied on the green body by adopting a glaze pouring mode, and the glaze pouring process parameters are as follows: the specific gravity is 1.84-1.88 g/cm, and the weight is 380-450 g/cm_㎡Or glazing by adopting a glaze spraying mode, wherein the glaze spraying technological parameters are as follows: the specific gravity is 1.48-1.54 g/cm, and the weight is 420-480 g/cm_㎡。

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the decorative pattern is inkjet printed, one or more screen prints, or one or more roller prints.

7. The method for preparing a non-light wet water anti-slip ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the anti-slip protective glaze is applied by adopting a glaze spraying mode, and the glaze spraying process parameters are as follows: the specific gravity is 1.20-1.30 g/cm, and the weight is 100-180 g/cm_㎡。

8. The method for preparing a non-light-wet-water-limited non-slip ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the firing is carried out at 1190-1200 ℃ for 50-60 minutes.

9. A matt and wet water limited slip ceramic tile is characterized in that a blank body, a cover glaze layer, a pattern layer and a limited slip protection glaze layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the limited slip protection glaze layer forms fine needle-shaped hard protrusions on the surface of the ceramic tile, flux ink forms small pits on the surface of the ceramic tile, when the ceramic tile is dry, the hand touch feeling is as fine as that of a common archaized tile, when the ceramic tile is wet, the hand touch feeling has an obvious unsmooth hand limited slip effect, and the slip resistance index under both dry and wet conditions reaches more than 0.8.

10. A matte wet water-limited ceramic tile according to claim 9, having a gloss average of less than 3 °; meanwhile, the wear resistance of the glaze surface can reach 4 grades; stain resistance rating 5.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a non-light wet water anti-slip ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of ceramic tile production and manufacturing.

Background

Ceramic tiles are widely classified into indoor ceramic tiles and outdoor ceramic tiles according to their places of use. The indoor ceramic tiles can be divided into indoor wall tiles and indoor floor tiles; outdoor ceramic tiles can also be classified into outdoor wall tiles and outdoor floor tiles. Currently, ceramic tile decoration in the market is mainly indoor, such as polished tile, glazed tile, polished tile, antique tile and inner wall tile. The outdoor ceramic tile is a mosaic used on the wall surface of a building, and has smaller specification and thinner thickness; the square bricks used on outdoor ground have the thickness of 16mm and smaller specification, and the specification is mostly below 30 × 60 cm.

As a decorative material with good decorative effect and excellent pollution resistance, the ceramic tile is widely applied to luxurious high-grade places such as hotels and hotels, shopping buildings, office buildings, home apartments and the like, but the ceramic tile neglects the problem of slippery ground while beautifying the environment, and the accidents of falling and falling injuries are frequent due to the fact that the ground is too smooth. Some anti-slip ceramic tiles already exist in the market, and the anti-slip function of the ceramic tiles is realized by combining a concave-convex surface or dry grain glaze with natural concave-convex textures similar to granite. The ceramic tile prepared by the process has a good anti-slip effect, but the surface is too rough, the particles are sharp and sharp, and secondary damage is easy to occur after the ceramic tile is accidentally fallen down; the surface of the ceramic tile is not easy to clean, dirt and dirt are easy to store after the ceramic tile is used for a period of time, and the cotton-flax conventional mop and rag are very laborious to use.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a non-slip ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof, wherein the non-slip index of the tile is above 0.8 under both dry and wet conditions, and the surface of the tile is easy to clean.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a process for preparing the non-light wet water antislip ceramic tile includes such steps as coating surface glaze, decorative pattern, antislip protecting glaze on the surface of ceramic tile, and calcining.

The flux ink comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-20% of sodium carbonate, 1-5% of ammonium metavanadate, 1-2% of auxiliary materials, 8-12% of a dispersing agent, 0.1-0.5% of a viscosity regulator, 1-2% of a pH regulator, 0.2-0.5% of a surfactant, 1-2% of a defoaming agent and 60-80% of a solvent.

The anti-slip protective glaze comprises the following chemical components: SiO 2₂：37~44%、Al₂O₃：20~22%、CaO：1～2%、MgO：4～6%、K₂O：5.2～7%、Na₂O: 3-4.8%, BaO: 4-10%, ZnO: 6-10%, SrO: 3-5% and 2-5% of loss on ignition. The anti-slip protective glaze is prepared from the following minerals in percentage by mass: 20-40% of high-temperature matte frit, 7-15% of kaolin, 10-20% of non-slip powder, 3-5% of calcined kaolin, 3-10% of zinc oxide, 5-10% of barium carbonate, 3-8% of strontium carbonate, 3-10% of calcined talc and 5-20% of potassium feldspar.

The anti-slip protective glaze adopted by the invention forms fine needle-shaped hard protrusions on the surface of the ceramic tile after being fired, the surface of the ceramic tile is smooth and has no rough feeling, the hand feeling of the anti-slip ceramic tile is as fine as that of a common archaized tile when being dried, the hand feeling of the anti-slip ceramic tile is obvious in anti-slip effect when being wetted, and the anti-slip index reaches more than 0.8 under both dry and wet conditions. Has a matt effect, the gloss of which is on average less than 3 degrees; meanwhile, the wear resistance of the glaze surface can reach 4 grades; stain resistance rating 5. Better transparency, better pollution resistance and better wear resistance.

The invention adopts a glaze pouring mode to glaze when applying the overglaze on the blank body, and the glaze pouring technological parameters are as follows: the specific gravity is 1.84-1.88 g/cm, and the weight is 380-450 g/m_². Glazing can also be carried out by adopting a glaze spraying mode, and the glaze spraying technological parameters are as follows: the specific gravity is 1.48-1.54 g/cm, and the weight is 420-480 g/cm_㎡。

The method of decorating the pattern of the present invention may be ink jet printing, one or more screen printing, one or more roller printing.

The slip-resistant protective glaze of the invention is glazed by adopting a glaze spraying modeThe glaze spraying process parameters are as follows: the specific gravity is 1.20-1.30 g/cm, and the weight is 100-180 g/cm_㎡。

The invention is sintered at 1190-1200 ℃ for 55-65 minutes.

The non-light wet water anti-slip ceramic tile sequentially comprises a blank body, a surface glaze layer, a pattern layer and an anti-slip protective glaze layer from bottom to top, wherein the anti-slip protective glaze layer forms fine needle-like hard protrusions on the surface of the ceramic tile, a flux ink forms small pits on the surface of the ceramic tile, the hand touch feeling is as fine as that of a common archaized tile when the ceramic tile is dry, the hand touch feeling has an obvious hand-astringent anti-slip effect when the ceramic tile is wet, and the anti-slip index reaches over 0.8 under both dry and wet conditions; gloss is on average less than 3 °; meanwhile, the wear resistance of the glaze surface can reach 4 grades; stain resistance rating 5.

The fusing agent ink is sprayed between the decorative pattern layer and the slip-resistant glaze layer, the fusing agent ink is sprayed into fine liquid drops through an ink jet printer, the fine liquid drops are uniformly distributed on the whole glaze layer, and the size and the weight of the liquid drops can be adjusted through an ink jet file. When the glaze is fired, the low-temperature substances in the flux ink melt the anti-slip glaze in contact, low-temperature melt and air holes are formed in the place with the flux ink, and the surface tension is inconsistent with the surrounding glaze, so that fine pores with smooth surfaces are formed. The pore size can be adjusted by the ink jet amount. Will fill up moisture when the tiny pore on ceramic tile surface meets water, will extrude water after the people steps on, form a cavity sucking disc, utilize atmospheric pressure, obtain skid-proof effect. After the surface of the ceramic tile is brushed and polished, coarse particles are brushed and polished to be fine, fine needle-shaped protrusions are uniform, and the surface of the ceramic tile is dull, fine and free of roughness. When the brick is dry, the hand feeling is as fine as that of a common archaized brick, and when the brick is wet, the hand feeling has obvious unsmooth hand slip-resistant effect; the antiskid index can reach over 0.8 under both dry and wet conditions. The anti-slip ceramic tile has fine glaze texture and good anti-slip effect, and does not need silk screen or roller printing of dot glaze or spraying of high-temperature dry particles to enable the ceramic tile to have uneven effect after firing so as to prevent slip.

The anti-slip ceramic tile disclosed by the invention has a smooth and fine surface, cannot cause secondary damage after falling down, cannot store dirt and is easy to clean.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a production flow chart of the method for preparing the ceramic tile without light, wet and water skid resistance.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not restrictive. The following percentages are by mass unless otherwise specified.

The production flow adopted by the invention is shown in figure 1:

first, a green body is prepared. The green body may be pressed from a ceramic matrix commonly used in the art.

The green body may then be dried. The drying time can be 60-80 min, and the moisture of the dried blank is controlled within 0.4%.

Then, a cover glaze is applied on the green body. The overglaze is prepared by weighing in a conventional way according to a proportion and is ball-milled into glaze slip by a ball mill. The overglaze can be glazed by adopting a glaze spraying mode, the glaze of the ceramic tile has fine texture, the glaze has no concave-convex sense and has good flatness, and the slip-resistant effect of the glaze with unsmooth but not thick and fine but not slip can be achieved. The glaze spraying process parameters can be as follows: carrying out heavy plantation with a specific gravity of 1.84-1.88 g/cm and a weight of 380-450 g/cm_㎡. Glazing can also be carried out by adopting a glaze spraying mode, and the glaze spraying technological parameters are as follows: the specific gravity is 1.48-1.54 g/cm, and the weight is 420-480 g/cm_㎡。

Then, a pattern is decorated on the overglaze layer. In a preferred embodiment, the method of decorating the pattern is ink-jet printing, and the ceramic ink used may use an ink commonly used in the art. When the decorative pattern is applied, the flux ink is used in the last ink jet channel, and the required particle size and density of the flux ink is sprayed on the glaze surface according to the design requirement. The flux ink comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-20% of sodium carbonate, 1-5% of ammonium metavanadate, 1-2% of auxiliary materials, 8-12% of a dispersing agent, 0.1-0.5% of a viscosity regulator, 1-2% of a pH regulator, 0.2-0.5% of a surfactant, 1-2% of a defoaming agent and 60-80% of a solvent.

Then, a slip-protecting glaze is applied. The anti-slip protective glaze comprises the following chemical components: SiO 2₂：37~44%、Al₂O₃：20~22%、CaO：1～2%、MgO：4～6%、K₂O：5.2～7%、Na₂O: 3-4.8%, BaO: 4-10%, ZnO: 6-10%, SrO: 3-5% and 2-5% of ignition loss. The anti-slip protective glaze is prepared from the following minerals in percentage by mass: 20-40% of high-temperature matte frit, 7-15% of kaolin, 10-20% of non-slip powder, 3-5% of calcined kaolin, 3-10% of zinc oxide, 5-10% of barium carbonate, 3-8% of strontium carbonate, 3-10% of calcined talc and 5-20% of potassium feldspar.

The anti-slip protective glaze can be glazed by adopting a glaze spraying mode, and the color development of the ceramic ink can be promoted only by spraying a small amount of the anti-slip protective glaze, so that the good pollution resistance of the glaze surface is ensured, and the lasting wear resistance of the color of the glaze surface is also ensured. For divalent ionic materials which can affect the color development of the ink, the divalent ionic materials are introduced into a high-temperature frit as far as possible so as to avoid affecting the color development of the ink, and meanwhile, a larger amount of potassium-sodium elements are introduced into the frit to promote the color development. The glaze spraying process parameters can be as follows: a specific gravity of 1.20-1.30 g/cm, and a weight of 100-180 g/m_². Due to the fact that the formula cost of the anti-slip protective glaze is high, the purposes of being small in glazing amount and reducing production cost can be achieved by adopting the glaze spraying process.

Then, the obtained green body is sintered to obtain the ceramic tile. The sintering period can be 55-65 minutes, and the maximum sintering temperature can be 1190-1200 ℃.

And then brushing and polishing the surface of the ceramic tile, wherein the brushing and polishing is to lightly contact the surface of the ceramic tile by using a fiber grinding block in high-speed rotation to grind and smooth the surface of the glaze surface with coarse particles, and finally form a fine and smooth surface.

The ceramic tile obtained by the invention sequentially comprises a green body, a surface glaze layer, a pattern layer and an anti-slip protective glaze layer from bottom to top, wherein the anti-slip protective glaze layer forms fine needle-shaped hard protrusions on the surface of the ceramic tile, a flux ink forms small pits on the surface of the ceramic tile, the hand feeling is as fine as that of a common archaized tile when the ceramic tile is dry, and the hand feeling has an obvious anti-slip effect when the ceramic tile is wet.

The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. It is also to be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art may be made in light of the above teachings. The specific process parameters and the like of the following examples are also only one example of suitable ranges, i.e., those skilled in the art can select the appropriate ranges through the description herein, and are not limited to the specific values exemplified below.

Example 1

The method comprises the following steps: and preparing a blank. The green body is pressed from a ceramic base material commonly used in the art.

Step two: preparing a surface glaze according to the proportion, and spraying the surface glaze on the dried green brick in a glaze spraying manner. Carrying out heavy harvest on glaze with the specific gravity of 1.88g/cm and the glaze spraying quantity of 380 g/cm_㎡。

Step three: and (4) carrying out ink-jet printing on the pattern by using an ink-jet machine, and finally printing the required solvent ink on the printed pattern. The flux ink comprises, by mass, 20% of sodium carbonate, 5% of ammonium metavanadate, 12% of a dispersant, 0.1% of a viscosity regulator, 2% of a pH regulator, 0.2% of a surfactant, 2% of a defoaming agent and 60% of a solvent.

Step four: preparing the anti-slip protective glaze according to the mixture ratio: 40% of high-temperature matte frit, 15% of kaolin, 15% of non-slip powder, 3% of calcined kaolin, 6% of zinc oxide, 5% of barium carbonate, 8% of strontium carbonate, 6% of calcined talc and 5% of potash feldspar. The prepared slip-resistant protective glaze has the following chemical composition requirements: SiO 2₂：44%、Al₂O₃：22%、CaO：2%、MgO：5%、K₂O：5.2%、Na₂O: 4.8%, BaO: 4%, ZnO: 6%, SrO: 5 percent and 2 percent loss on ignition.

Step five: spraying slip-resistant protection glaze with the specific gravity of 1.30g/cm and the glazing amount of 110 g/cm_㎡。

Step six: and (4) quickly firing in a roller kiln. The maximum firing temperature is 1200 ℃, and the firing period is 55 min.

Step seven: brushing, polishing, grading, packaging and warehousing.

The wet static friction coefficient was measured by the wet method in GB/T4100-.

The glaze wear resistance is tested by a test method in GB/T3810.7-2016 (determination of glazed tile surface wear resistance).

The glaze pollution resistance is tested by the test method in GB/T3810.14-2016 pollution resistance test.

The slip-resistant index of the ceramic tile obtained in the embodiment 1 is more than 0.8, and the wear resistance of the glaze surface can reach 4 grades; stain resistance rating 5.

The specific test results are shown in Table 1.

Example 2

The method comprises the following steps: and preparing a blank. The green body is pressed from a ceramic base material commonly used in the art.

Step two: preparing a surface glaze according to the proportion, and spraying the surface glaze on the dried green brick in a glaze spraying manner. Carrying out dry harvest on the fruit and vegetable under conditions that the glaze specific gravity is 1.84g/cm and the glaze spraying amount is 450 g/ml_㎡。

Step three: and (4) carrying out ink-jet printing on the pattern by using an ink-jet machine, and finally printing the required solvent ink on the printed pattern. The flux ink comprises, by mass, 20% of sodium carbonate, 5% of ammonium metavanadate, 12% of a dispersant, 0.1% of a viscosity regulator, 2% of a pH regulator, 0.2% of a surfactant, 2% of a defoaming agent and 60% of a solvent.

Step four: preparing the anti-slip protective glaze according to the mixture ratio: 25% of high-temperature matte frit, 7% of kaolin, 20% of non-slip powder, 5% of calcined kaolin, 7% of zinc oxide, 10% of barium carbonate, 6% of strontium carbonate, 3% of calcined talc and 17% of potash feldspar. The prepared slip-resistant protective glaze comprises the following chemical components: SiO 2₂：40.4%、Al₂O₃：20%、CaO：1.3%、MgO：4%、K₂O：7%、Na₂O: 3%, BaO: 10%, ZnO: 7.8%, SrO: 4 percent and 2.5 percent of loss on ignition.

Step five: spraying slip-resistant protection glaze with the specific gravity of 1.25g/cm and the glazing amount of 180 g/cm_㎡。

Step six: and (4) quickly firing in a roller kiln. The maximum firing temperature 1950 ℃ and the firing period 55 min.

Step seven: brushing, polishing, grading, packaging and warehousing.

The wet static friction coefficient was tested by the wet test method in appendix M "determination of coefficient of friction" GB/T4100-2015.

The dry static friction coefficient was tested by the dry test method in appendix M "determination of coefficient of friction" GB/T4100-2015.

The glaze wear resistance is tested by a test method in GB/T3810.7-2016 (determination of glazed tile surface wear resistance).

The glaze pollution resistance is tested by the test method in GB/T3810.14-2016 pollution resistance test.

The antiskid index of the ceramic tile obtained in the embodiment 2 is more than 0.8, and the abrasion resistance of the glaze surface can reach 4 grades; stain resistance rating 5. The specific test results are shown in Table 1.

Example 3

The method comprises the following steps: and preparing a blank. The green body is pressed from a ceramic base material commonly used in the art.

Step two: preparing overglaze according to the proportion, and spraying overglaze on the dried adobes in a glaze spraying way. Flowering under conditions of glaze weight 1.50g/cm and glaze spraying quantity 450 g/ml_㎡。

Step three: and (4) carrying out ink-jet printing on the pattern by using an ink-jet machine, and finally printing the required solvent ink on the printed pattern. The flux ink comprises, by mass, 15% of sodium carbonate, 1% of ammonium metavanadate, 8% of a dispersant, 0.5% of a viscosity regulator, 1% of a pH regulator, 0.5% of a surfactant, 1% of a defoaming agent, and 80% of a solvent.

Step four: preparing the anti-slip protective glaze according to the mixture ratio: 20% of high-temperature matte frit, 15% of kaolin, 10% of non-slip powder, 5% of calcined kaolin, 10% of zinc oxide, 7% of barium carbonate, 3% of strontium carbonate, 10% of calcined talc and 20% of potash feldspar. The prepared slip-resistant protective glaze comprises the following chemical components: SiO 2₂：37%、Al₂O₃：21.2%、CaO：1%、MgO：6%、k₂O：5.8%、Na₂O: 3.3%, BaO: 7.7%, ZnO: 10%, SrO: 3 percent and 5 percent of loss on ignition.

Step five, spraying slip-resistant protection glaze with the specific gravity of 1.20g/cm and glazing amount of 140 g/Harbin_㎡。

Step six: and (4) quickly firing in a roller kiln. The maximum firing temperature is 1190 ℃, and the firing period is 65 min.

Step seven: brushing, polishing, grading, packaging and warehousing.

The wet static friction coefficient was tested by the wet test method in appendix M "determination of coefficient of friction" GB/T4100-2015.

The dry static friction coefficient was tested by the wet test method in appendix M "determination of coefficient of friction" GB/T4100-2015.

The glaze wear resistance is tested by a test method in GB/T3810.7-2016 (determination of glazed tile surface wear resistance).

The glaze pollution resistance is tested by the test method in GB/T3810.14-2016 pollution resistance test.

The slip-resistant index of the ceramic tile obtained in the embodiment 3 is more than 0.8, and the wear resistance of the glaze surface can reach 4 grades; stain resistance rating 5. The specific test results are shown in Table 1.

The invention also simultaneously uses the same detection method to detect the dry static friction coefficient, the wet static friction coefficient, the glaze abrasion resistance and the glaze pollution resistance of the common antiskid bricks and the common archaized bricks in the market, and the specific detection results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

The ceramic tile provided by the invention has the advantages of skid resistance and attractive appearance, can be used as a decorative material with good decorative effect, excellent stain resistance and skid resistance, and can be widely applied to the field of public places and home decoration.