阅读说明：本技术 一种快速热解处理有机污染固废物系统及处理方法 (System and method for treating organic pollution solid waste through rapid pyrolysis ) 是由 周冲 于 2021-08-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种快速热解处理有机污染固废物系统及处理方法,包括物料预处理单元、快速热解反应单元、热氧化单元和尾气处理单元；所述物料预处理单元的出料端对应于快速热解反应单元的入料端；所述快速热解反应单元由水平布置的热解管组成,所述热解管内部设有绞龙,所述绞龙由发动机驱动旋转；所述快速热解反应单元的出气端连接于热氧化单元的进气端,所述热氧化单元的物料分离端连接于快速热解反应单元的出料端,所述热氧化单元的出气端连接于尾气处理单元的进气端；设置烃浓度高于设定值时,将纯氧氧化器降低或停止外部燃料供应,使固废物热解气体作为燃料源,减少了运行费用。(The invention discloses a system and a method for treating organic pollution solid waste by fast pyrolysis, wherein the system comprises a material pretreatment unit, a fast pyrolysis reaction unit, a thermal oxidation unit and a tail gas treatment unit; the discharge end of the material pretreatment unit corresponds to the feed end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit; the fast pyrolysis reaction unit consists of pyrolysis tubes which are horizontally arranged, and an auger is arranged in each pyrolysis tube and is driven to rotate by an engine; the gas outlet end of the rapid pyrolysis reaction unit is connected to the gas inlet end of the thermal oxidation unit, the material separation end of the thermal oxidation unit is connected to the material outlet end of the rapid pyrolysis reaction unit, and the gas outlet end of the thermal oxidation unit is connected to the gas inlet end of the tail gas treatment unit; when the hydrocarbon concentration is set to be higher than the set value, the pure oxygen oxidizer reduces or stops the supply of external fuel, so that the pyrolysis gas of solid wastes is used as a fuel source, and the operating cost is reduced.)

1. The utility model provides a fast pyrolysis handles solid waste system of organic pollution which characterized in that: the system comprises a material pretreatment unit, a fast pyrolysis reaction unit, a thermal oxidation unit and a tail gas treatment unit; the discharge end of the material pretreatment unit corresponds to the feed end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit; the fast pyrolysis reaction unit consists of pyrolysis tubes (1) which are horizontally arranged, a packing auger (11) is arranged inside each pyrolysis tube (1), and the packing auger (11) is driven to rotate by an engine; the quick pyrolysis reaction unit is characterized in that the gas outlet end of the quick pyrolysis reaction unit is connected to the gas inlet end of the thermal oxidation unit, the material separation end of the thermal oxidation unit is connected to the material outlet end of the quick pyrolysis reaction unit, and the gas outlet end of the thermal oxidation unit is connected to the gas inlet end of the tail gas treatment unit.

2. The system for fast pyrolysis treatment of organic contaminated solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the material pretreatment unit comprises a pulverizer (21) and a feeding screw (22); the discharge end of the pulverizer (21) corresponds to the feed end of the feed screw (22), and the discharge end of the feed screw (22) corresponds to the feed end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit; the horizontal height of the feeding end of the feeding screw (22) is lower than that of the discharging end of the feeding screw (22).

3. The system for fast pyrolysis treatment of organic contaminated solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the discharge end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit is also connected with a discharge screw (12); the discharging screw (12) is provided with a water cooling jacket.

4. The system for fast pyrolysis treatment of organic contaminated solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thermal oxidation unit comprises a high-temperature cyclone separation structure (31) and a pure oxygen oxidizer (32); the air inlet end of the high-temperature cyclone separation structure (31) is connected to the air outlet end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit, the bottom of the high-temperature cyclone separation structure (31) is provided with a material separation outlet (311), and the material separation outlet (311) is connected to the discharge end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit; the gas outlet end of the high-temperature cyclone separation structure (31) is connected to the gas inlet end of a pure oxygen oxidizer (32), and the gas outlet end of the pure oxygen oxidizer (32) is connected to the gas inlet end of a tail gas treatment unit and the gas inlet end of a fast pyrolysis reaction unit; the gas inlet end and the material inlet end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit are positioned on the same side of the pyrolysis tube (1).

5. The system for fast pyrolysis treatment of organic contaminated solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: the pure oxygen oxidizer (32) is provided with a hydrocarbon concentration sensor; the pure oxygen oxidizer (32) reduces or stops the external fuel supply when the hydrocarbon concentration inside the pure oxygen oxidizer (32) is higher than a set value.

6. The system for fast pyrolysis treatment of organic contaminated solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tail gas treatment unit comprises a secondary combustion chamber (41), a quenching tank (42), an alkali washing tank (43) and a fan (44); the air inlet end of the secondary combustion chamber (41) is connected to the air outlet end of the thermal oxidation unit, the air outlet end of the secondary combustion chamber (41) is connected to the air inlet end of the quenching tank (42), the air outlet end of the quenching tank (42) is connected to the air inlet end of the alkaline washing tank (43), the air outlet end of the alkaline washing tank (43) is connected to the fan (44), and the fan (44) corresponds to smoke exhaust equipment.

7. The system for fast pyrolysis treatment of organic contaminated solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the packing auger (11) works, the internal temperature is constant between 550 ℃ and 700 ℃.

8. A process for the fast pyrolytic processing of organic contaminated solid waste systems according to any of the claims from 1 to 7, characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,

firstly, feeding solid wastes into a crusher (21) for crushing, and conveying the crushed solid wastes to a fast pyrolysis reaction unit through a feeding screw (22);

step two, heating, gasifying and pyrolyzing the crushed solid waste in a fast pyrolysis reaction unit to finally generate mixed flue gas containing oil gas;

step three, mixed flue gas generated in the fast pyrolysis reaction unit enters a high-temperature cyclone separation structure (31), particulate matters in the mixed flue gas and the residual solids in the fast pyrolysis reaction unit are discharged into a discharge spiral (12) and are conveyed to next processing equipment, the mixed flue gas enters a pure oxygen oxidizer (32), high-temperature flue gas is generated through high-temperature oxidation and returns to the fast pyrolysis reaction unit for fast pyrolysis again, and the residual high-temperature flue gas enters a tail gas processing unit;

and fourthly, the redundant high-temperature flue gas sequentially passes through a secondary combustion chamber (41), a quenching tank (42) and an alkali washing tank (43), and is finally pumped to smoke exhaust equipment through a fan (44) to be discharged.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of organic pollution solid waste treatment, in particular to a system and a method for treating organic pollution solid waste through fast pyrolysis.

Background

In many industries such as organic synthesis industry, fine chemical industry, pesticide industry and the like, a synthetic product or an intermediate product is often purified by an alkalization and acidification method in a product purification stage, and the purification and treatment are completed by two-step reactions of target substances such as chlormephos, 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one and the like, and the final result of the two-step reactions of alkalization and acidification is the neutralization of NaOH and HCl to generate a NaCl solution, however, the NaCl solution often contains a great variety of organic synthetic products, and has considerable toxicity and is difficult to treat, so that the storage of the waste salt solutions becomes an important problem in the industry, and at present, in order to reduce the amount of waste liquid, many enterprises adopt a heating and drying method to evaporate the waste salt solution into waste salt, which really greatly reduces the volume of waste, but the generated waste salt can not be treated, at present, the hazardous waste list is listed in by the environmental protection department, serious environmental hidden danger is caused by continuous accumulation and storage, huge pollution risks exist once the hazardous waste list is diffused and leached out, and meanwhile, the current situation that a large amount of waste salt is accumulated and cannot be treated also brings huge environmental protection pressure for related enterprises.

The invention with publication number CN106801874A discloses a method for treating industrial waste salt, which comprises mixing microwave absorbing medium particles with industrial waste salt particles, heating and degrading pollutants in the waste salt by using microwave energy under the condition of continuously stirring and mixing in a microwave processor under the air atmosphere, purifying the generated gas containing wastes, discharging, adding the microwave absorbing medium particles to ensure that a waste salt system is effectively heated in a short time, elutriating the waste salt after the pollutants are fully thermally decomposed by using water, dissolving NaCl components and discharging, and recycling the microwave absorbing medium particles.

The invention with the publication number of CN107321755A discloses a waste salt recycling process and a special device thereof, wherein the process comprises a waste salt feeding system, a waste salt melting system, a tail gas treatment system and a molten salt cooling and granulating system; the device comprises a waste salt feeder, a waste salt distributor, a drying, preheating and melting integrated molten salt furnace, a belt cooling granulator, an RTO furnace, a filter, a flame arrester, an alkaline washing tower and the like. The method realizes that the organic matters in the waste salt are completely incinerated to reach the resource utilization standard, and simultaneously adopts thermal destruction to further treat the organic matters generated in the waste salt purification process, thereby avoiding the discharge of secondary pollutants such as waste water, waste gas and the like in the waste salt utilization process. Meanwhile, the vertical molten salt furnace is adopted, the processes of drying, preheating and melting the waste salt are realized in the furnace, the problems of investment and waste gas pollution caused by equipment units such as drying, grinding and the like are solved, and the problem that the equipment is difficult to continuously and stably operate due to salt bonding is solved.

The invention with publication number CN204185249U discloses a waste salt treatment device, which structurally comprises an industrial feeder, a multi-section indirect heating furnace, a heat conduction oil circulating system, a molten salt circulating system, an organic waste gas conveyor and a waste salt waste heat recoverer. A feeding port and a discharging port of the multi-section indirect heating furnace are respectively communicated with the industrial feeder and the waste salt waste heat recoverer; the multi-section indirect heating furnace at least comprises a first section indirect heating furnace and a second section indirect heating furnace; the first section of indirect heating furnace is sequentially connected with a heat conduction oil circulating system and a waste salt waste heat recoverer, and the waste salt waste heat recoverer is connected with the first section of indirect heating furnace to form a loop; the second section of indirect heating furnace is connected with the molten salt circulating system to form a loop; the organic waste gas conveyor is arranged between the molten salt circulating system and the multi-stage indirect heating furnace. The utility model discloses can effectively accomplish the refined processing requirement of industry waste salt, solve the exhaust emission problem simultaneously, energy utilization efficiency is high, and secondary pollution is few.

The three patents all utilize an external heating source to carry out thermal decomposition on organic matters in the waste salt, and the patent with the publication number of CN106801874A adopts microwave as an energy source for indirect heating, but has the defects of high disposal cost, low energy utilization rate of a microwave generator, difficult later-stage separation of microwave absorption medium particles and the like. The patent with publication number CN107321755A adopts furnace top distribution, high-temperature flue gas generated by natural gas combustion realizes drying and preheating of waste salt and burning and destroying of organic matters in the waste salt in the ascending process of a furnace, molten salt collected at the bottom of the furnace flows out from a molten salt outlet, flue gas of the system is in direct contact with the waste salt, the generated waste gas amount is large, the contact time of the waste salt and hot air is limited, the temperature of the salt does not reach the expected temperature, and the content of residual organic components is difficult to control. The patent with publication number CN204185249U adopts natural gas or diesel oil as heating energy, and utilizes heat conducting oil and liquid molten salt as heat exchange medium for indirect heating, but has the disadvantages of complex equipment structure, high difficulty in operating molten salt circulation system, etc.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a system for rapidly pyrolyzing and treating organic polluted solid waste, which is characterized in that materials are directly contacted with circulating high-temperature flue gas, pollutants are rapidly heated and rapidly pyrolyzed within a few seconds, and pyrolysis pollutant steam carried in the flue gas is used as a main fuel source of a pure oxygen oxidizer, so that the operation cost is greatly reduced.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the system for treating organic pollution solid waste by fast pyrolysis comprises a material pretreatment unit, a fast pyrolysis reaction unit, a thermal oxidation unit and a tail gas treatment unit; the discharge end of the material pretreatment unit corresponds to the feed end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit; the fast pyrolysis reaction unit consists of pyrolysis tubes which are horizontally arranged, and an auger is arranged in each pyrolysis tube and is driven to rotate by an engine; the quick pyrolysis reaction unit is characterized in that the gas outlet end of the quick pyrolysis reaction unit is connected to the gas inlet end of the thermal oxidation unit, the material separation end of the thermal oxidation unit is connected to the material outlet end of the quick pyrolysis reaction unit, and the gas outlet end of the thermal oxidation unit is connected to the gas inlet end of the tail gas treatment unit.

Further, the material pretreatment unit comprises a pulverizer and a feeding screw; the discharge end of the crusher corresponds to the feed end of the feed screw, and the discharge end of the feed screw corresponds to the feed end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit; the horizontal height of the feeding end of the feeding screw is lower than that of the discharging end of the feeding screw.

Further, the discharge end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit is also connected to a discharge screw; the discharging screw is provided with a water cooling jacket.

Further, the thermal oxidation unit comprises a high-temperature cyclone separation structure and a pure oxygen oxidizer; the gas inlet end of the high-temperature cyclone separation structure is connected to the gas outlet end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit, the bottom of the high-temperature cyclone separation structure is provided with a material separation outlet, and the material separation outlet is connected to the discharge end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit; the gas outlet end of the high-temperature cyclone separation structure is connected to the gas inlet end of a pure oxygen oxidizer, and the gas outlet end of the pure oxygen oxidizer is connected to the gas inlet end of a tail gas treatment unit and the gas inlet end of a fast pyrolysis reaction unit; and the gas inlet end and the material inlet end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit are positioned on the same side of the pyrolysis pipe.

Further, the pure oxygen oxidizer is provided with a hydrocarbon concentration sensor; the pure oxygen oxidizer reduces or stops the external fuel supply when the hydrocarbon concentration inside the pure oxygen oxidizer is higher than a set value.

Further, the tail gas treatment unit comprises a secondary combustion chamber, a quenching tank, an alkali washing tank and a fan; the air inlet end of the secondary combustion chamber is connected to the air outlet end of the thermal oxidation unit, the air outlet end of the secondary combustion chamber is connected to the air inlet end of the quenching tank, the air outlet end of the quenching tank is connected to the air inlet end of the alkaline washing tank, the air outlet end of the alkaline washing tank is connected to the fan, and the fan corresponds to smoke exhaust equipment.

Further, the internal temperature of the packing auger is kept between 550 ℃ and 700 ℃ when the packing auger works.

A treatment method of a system for treating organic pollution solid waste by fast pyrolysis comprises the following steps,

step one, feeding solid wastes into a crusher for crushing, and conveying the crushed solid wastes to a fast pyrolysis reaction unit through a feeding screw;

step two, heating, gasifying and pyrolyzing the crushed solid waste in a fast pyrolysis reaction unit to finally generate mixed flue gas containing oil gas;

step three, enabling mixed flue gas generated in the fast pyrolysis reaction unit to enter a high-temperature cyclone separation structure, discharging particulate matters in the mixed flue gas and the residual solids in the fast pyrolysis reaction unit into a discharge spiral and conveying the discharge spiral to next treatment equipment, enabling the mixed flue gas to enter a pure oxygen oxidizer, generating high-temperature flue gas through high-temperature oxidation and returning the high-temperature flue gas to the fast pyrolysis reaction unit for fast pyrolysis again, and enabling the residual high-temperature flue gas to enter a tail gas treatment unit;

and fourthly, the redundant high-temperature flue gas sequentially passes through a secondary combustion chamber, a quenching tank and an alkali washing tank, and is finally pumped to smoke exhaust equipment through a fan to be discharged.

Has the advantages that: according to the system for treating the organic polluted solid waste through the rapid pyrolysis, the material is directly contacted with the circulating high-temperature flue gas, the pollutants are rapidly heated and rapidly pyrolyzed within a few seconds, and meanwhile, pyrolysis pollutant steam carried in the flue gas is used as a main fuel source of a pure oxygen oxidizer, so that the operation cost is greatly reduced, and the system comprises the following technical effects:

1) the auger rotates at a high speed to form strong airflow to accelerate the heat exchange efficiency of the crushed solid waste and the high-temperature flue gas, and simultaneously, the solid waste is scattered to improve the contact surface of the solid waste and the high-temperature flue gas and the pyrolysis speed is improved;

2) the horizontal height of the feeding end of the feeding screw is lower than that of the discharging end of the feeding screw, so that solid waste is subjected to the action of gravity to form a material plug in the feeding process of the feeding screw, and high-temperature flue gas of a thermal oxidation unit is prevented from reversely escaping;

3) when the hydrocarbon concentration is set to be higher than the set value, the pure oxygen oxidizer reduces or stops the supply of external fuel, so that the pyrolysis gas of solid wastes is used as a fuel source, and the operating cost is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in the attached figure 1: a system for treating organic pollution solid waste by fast pyrolysis comprises a material pretreatment unit, a fast pyrolysis reaction unit, a thermal oxidation unit and a tail gas treatment unit; the discharge end of the material pretreatment unit corresponds to the feed end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit; the fast pyrolysis reaction unit consists of pyrolysis tubes 1 which are horizontally arranged, packing augers 11 are arranged inside the pyrolysis tubes 1, and the packing augers 11 are driven by an engine to rotate; the gas outlet end of the rapid pyrolysis reaction unit is connected to the gas inlet end of the thermal oxidation unit, the material separation end of the thermal oxidation unit is connected to the material outlet end of the rapid pyrolysis reaction unit, and the gas outlet end of the thermal oxidation unit is connected to the gas inlet end of the tail gas treatment unit; the fast pyrolysis reaction unit pyrolyzes and gasifies the solid wastes, removes impurities from gasified mixed flue gas, oxidizes the gasified mixed flue gas and the like, finally converts the gasified mixed flue gas into harmless gas to be discharged, and intensively recovers the residual solid slag materials after pyrolysis; the auger 11 rotates at a high speed to form strong airflow to accelerate the heat exchange efficiency of the crushed solid waste and the high-temperature flue gas, and simultaneously, the solid waste is scattered to improve the contact surface of the solid waste and the high-temperature flue gas and the pyrolysis speed.

The material pretreatment unit comprises a pulverizer 21 and a feeding screw 22; the discharge end of the crusher 21 corresponds to the feed end of the feed screw 22, and the discharge end of the feed screw 22 corresponds to the feed end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit; the horizontal height of the feeding end of the feeding screw 22 is lower than that of the discharging end of the feeding screw 22; the solid waste is subjected to the action of gravity to form a material plug in the feeding process of the feeding screw 22, so that the high-temperature flue gas of the thermal oxidation unit is prevented from reversely escaping.

The discharge end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit is also connected with a discharge screw 12; the discharge screw 12 is provided with a water-cooling jacket.

The thermal oxidation unit comprises a high-temperature cyclone separation structure 31 and a pure oxygen oxidizer 32; the gas inlet end of the high-temperature cyclone separation structure 31 is connected to the gas outlet end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit, the bottom of the high-temperature cyclone separation structure 31 is provided with a material separation outlet 311, and the material separation outlet 311 is connected to the discharge end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit; the gas outlet end of the high-temperature cyclone separation structure 31 is connected to the gas inlet end of a pure oxygen oxidizer 32, and the gas outlet end of the pure oxygen oxidizer 32 is connected to the gas inlet end of a tail gas treatment unit and the gas inlet end of a fast pyrolysis reaction unit; the gas inlet end and the material inlet end of the fast pyrolysis reaction unit are positioned on the same side of the pyrolysis tube 1; the pure oxygen oxidizer 32 operates at a temperature exceeding 1100 ℃, and the oxygen content of the flue gas is controlled to be below 2%.

The pure oxygen oxidizer 32 is provided with a hydrocarbon concentration sensor; when the hydrocarbon concentration in the pure oxygen oxidizer 32 is higher than the set value, the pure oxygen oxidizer 32 reduces or stops the external fuel supply, so that the solid waste pyrolysis gas is used as the fuel source, and the operation cost is reduced.

The tail gas treatment unit comprises a secondary combustion chamber 41, a quenching tank 42, an alkaline washing tank 43 and a fan 44; the air inlet end of the secondary combustion chamber 41 is connected to the air outlet end of the thermal oxidation unit, the air outlet end of the secondary combustion chamber 41 is connected to the air inlet end of the quenching tank 42, the air outlet end of the quenching tank 42 is connected to the air inlet end of the alkaline washing tank 43, the air outlet end of the alkaline washing tank 43 is connected to the fan 44, and the fan 44 corresponds to smoke exhaust equipment; the high-temperature flue gas is oxidized in the secondary combustion chamber 41 for at least 2 seconds, enters the quenching tank 42 for quenching within 0.5 second, reaches the dew point temperature, and is discharged after being harmlessly treated by the alkali washing tank 43.

When the packing auger 11 works, the internal temperature is constant between 550 ℃ and 700 ℃.

A treatment method of a system for treating organic pollution solid waste by fast pyrolysis comprises the following steps,

step one, after solid waste is put into a crusher 21 to be crushed, the crushed solid waste is conveyed to a fast pyrolysis reaction unit through a feeding screw 22;

step two, heating, gasifying and pyrolyzing the crushed solid waste in a fast pyrolysis reaction unit to finally generate mixed flue gas containing oil gas;

step three, mixed flue gas generated in the fast pyrolysis reaction unit enters a high-temperature cyclone separation structure 31, particulate matters in the mixed flue gas and the residual solids in the fast pyrolysis reaction unit are discharged into a discharge spiral 12 and conveyed to next treatment equipment, the mixed flue gas enters a pure oxygen oxidizer 32, high-temperature flue gas is generated through high-temperature oxidation and returns to the fast pyrolysis reaction unit for fast pyrolysis again, and the residual high-temperature flue gas enters a tail gas treatment unit;

and fourthly, the redundant high-temperature flue gas passes through the secondary combustion chamber 41, the quenching tank 42 and the alkaline washing tank 43 in sequence, and is finally pumped to smoke exhaust equipment through a fan 44 to be discharged.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.