阅读说明：本技术 一种指骨骨折克氏针定位导向装置 (Phalangeal fracture kirschner wire positioning and guiding device ) 是由 陈天宁 邵进 霍凯伦 刘粤 黄国华 唐江安 于 2021-08-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种指骨骨折克氏针定位导向装置,包括壳体,壳体内相向设置有第一夹板和第二夹板,壳体的顶部中设置有螺纹孔,螺纹孔中设置有螺杆,螺杆的上端设置有旋钮,螺杆的下端与第一夹板之间设置有限位结构、并构成圆周方向的转动副,壳体的左侧面中设置有第一通孔,壳体的右侧面中设置有第二通孔,壳体的前侧面中设置有开口,开口中设置有两个滑杆,滑杆上各滑动套设有一个滑筒,滑筒的前侧面中各设置有一个螺栓,两个滑筒之间铰接有一个导向套筒。本发明通过调整导向套筒的位置和角度,能够提前预知克氏针在指骨中的走行方向及大致进针深度,并且导向套筒能够有效地稳定克氏针的整个进针过程,防止克氏针在骨表面发生侧滑,造成医源性损伤。(The utility model provides a phalangeal fracture ke shi needle location guider, which comprises a housin, be provided with first splint and second splint in the casing in opposite directions, be provided with the screw hole in the top of casing, be provided with the screw rod in the screw hole, the upper end of screw rod is provided with the knob, be provided with limit structure between the lower extreme of screw rod and the first splint, and constitute circumferencial direction's revolute pair, be provided with first through-hole in the left surface of casing, be provided with the second through-hole in the right flank of casing, be provided with the opening in the front face of casing, be provided with two slide bars in the opening, each slip cover is equipped with a slide cartridge on the slide bar, respectively be provided with a bolt in the front face of slide cartridge, it has a guide sleeve to articulate between two slide cartridges. The invention can predict the running direction and approximate needle insertion depth of the Kirschner wire in the phalanx in advance by adjusting the position and the angle of the guide sleeve, and the guide sleeve can effectively stabilize the whole needle insertion process of the Kirschner wire and prevent the Kirschner wire from sideslipping on the surface of the bone to cause iatrogenic injury.)

1. The utility model provides a phalangeal fracture kirschner wire location guider which characterized in that: comprises a shell (1), a first clamping plate (2) and a second clamping plate (3) are oppositely arranged in the shell (1), the first clamping plate (2) is arranged above the second clamping plate (3), a threaded hole (4) is arranged in the top of the shell (1), a screw rod (5) is arranged in the threaded hole (4), a knob (6) is arranged at the upper end of the screw rod (5), a limiting structure is arranged between the lower end of the screw rod (5) and the first clamping plate (2) and forms a revolute pair in the circumferential direction, a first through hole (7) is arranged in the left side surface of the shell (1), a second through hole (8) is arranged in the right side surface of the shell (1), the first through hole (7) and the second through hole (8) are coaxially arranged, an opening (9) is arranged in the front side surface of the shell (1), two sliding rods (10) are arranged in the opening (9) at intervals in parallel, the length direction of the sliding rod (10) is parallel to the length direction of the shell (1), a sliding cylinder (11) is sleeved on each sliding rod (10) in a sliding mode, a bolt (12) is arranged in each front side face of each sliding cylinder (11), each bolt (12) is in threaded connection with each sliding cylinder (11), and a guide sleeve (13) is hinged between the two sliding cylinders (11).

2. The phalangeal fracture kirschner wire positioning and guiding device according to claim 1, wherein: the shell (1) is in a cuboid shape.

3. The phalangeal fracture kirschner wire positioning and guiding device according to claim 1, wherein: the limiting structure and the rotating pair comprise fixing blocks (14), the fixing blocks (14) are fixed on the first clamping plate (2), inner cavities are formed in the fixing blocks (14), movable blocks (15) are arranged in the inner cavities, and the lower ends of the screw rods (5) penetrate through the fixing blocks (14) and are fixedly connected with the movable blocks (15).

4. The phalangeal fracture kirschner wire positioning and guiding device of claim 3, wherein: the fixed block (14) and the movable block (15) are both in a hemisphere shape.

5. The phalangeal fracture kirschner wire positioning and guiding device according to claim 1, wherein: first splint (2) and second splint (3) all include metal level (16) and silica gel layer (17) respectively, metal level (16) of first splint (2) set up the upside on its silica gel layer (17), metal level (16) of second splint (3) set up the downside on its silica gel layer (17).

6. The phalangeal fracture kirschner wire positioning and guiding device according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom surface of the first clamping plate (2) and the top surface of the second clamping plate (3) are both concave cambered surfaces (18).

7. The phalangeal fracture kirschner wire positioning and guiding device according to claim 1, wherein: the shell (1) comprises a rear half shell (27) and a front half shell (28), wherein a first semicircular hole (29) is respectively arranged in the left side surfaces of the rear half shell (27) and the front half shell (28), the two first semicircular holes (29) form a first through hole (7), a second semicircular hole is respectively arranged in the right side surfaces of the rear half shell (27) and the front half shell (28), the two second semicircular holes form a second through hole (8), the rear side of the rear half shell (27) is connected with two clamping strips (19), a clamping groove (20) is respectively arranged in the bottom surface of the right end of each clamping strip (19), two slots (21) are arranged in the left side surface of the front half shell (28), the clamping strips (19) are respectively arranged in the slots (21), a third through hole (22) corresponding to the clamping groove (20) is respectively arranged in the bottom surface of the right end of each slot (21), the bottom in the first half casing (28) is provided with elastic component (23), be connected with one movable rod (24) on elastic component (23), elastic component (23) make progress the biasing with movable rod (24), movable rod (24) are vertical to be set up in the right-hand of slot (21), the side of movable rod (24) is connected with the one end of two L type locking levers (25), the other end of two L type locking levers (25) stretches into two draw-in grooves (20) respectively, the top of movable rod (24) upwards wears out first half casing (28) and constitutes locking button (26).

8. The phalangeal fracture kirschner wire positioning and guiding device of claim 7, wherein: the elastic component (23) is an arc spring piece.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a human living article, in particular to a medical instrument, and particularly relates to a Kirschner wire positioning and guiding device for phalangeal fracture.

Background

At present, clinically, a plurality of patients with phalanx fracture caused by hand trauma exist. The phalangeal fractures are most commonly found in the middle and distal phalanges and usually require internal fixation with kirschner wires. The purpose of the fixation of the kirschner wire is to perform anatomical reduction on a fracture part and provide a stable and favorable environment for the healing of the fracture.

At present, clinically, the phalangeal fracture is treated by three methods, namely internal fixation of a kirschner wire, internal fixation of a miniature steel plate or a screw and external fixation of a finger rest. The operation of the kirschner wire internal fixation for phalangeal fracture greatly depends on the personal experience of an operator, and generally the phalanx needs to be threaded for many times so as to fix the phalanx at a satisfactory position by the kirschner wire. However, as the phalanges are small and have complex structures, especially the distal phalanges, the cortex lycii radicis cleavage at the corresponding part is easy to be caused by multiple times of needle threading on a single phalange; in addition, because the connective tissue around the finger is small and compact, the finger is punctured for many times, on one hand, the damage to the peripheral vascular nerve is more easily caused, on the other hand, the local tissue edema after the operation is also aggravated, the recovery of the affected finger is not facilitated, and the infection chance is increased.

At present, the operation mode of the clinical phalangeal fracture kirschner pin internal fixation is roughly as follows: after the phalangeal fracture is reset, a doctor manually drives the Kirschner wire into the Kirschner wire in the direction perpendicular to the fracture line by using an electric drill to fix the Kirschner wire only according to own experience under the condition of no auxiliary instrument by selecting a proper needle inserting point.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a phalangeal fracture Kirschner wire positioning and guiding device which aims to solve the technical problems that phalangeal fracture internal fixation is difficult and multiple needle threading is needed in the prior art.

The invention relates to a phalangeal fracture Kirschner wire positioning and guiding device, which comprises a shell, wherein a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate are oppositely arranged in the shell, the first clamping plate is arranged above the second clamping plate, a threaded hole is formed in the top of the shell, a screw rod is arranged in the threaded hole, the upper end of the screw rod is provided with a knob, a limiting structure is arranged between the lower end of the screw rod and the first clamping plate, the sliding mechanism comprises a shell, a sliding sleeve, a bolt, a first through hole, a second through hole, a first through hole, a second through hole, an opening, two sliding rods, a sliding sleeve and a guide sleeve, wherein the first through hole and the second through hole are coaxially arranged, the front side surface of the shell is provided with the opening, the two sliding rods are arranged in the opening at intervals in parallel, the length direction of each sliding rod is parallel to the length direction of the shell, the sliding sleeves are respectively sleeved with the sliding sleeves in a sliding mode, the front side surface of each sliding sleeve is provided with the bolt, the bolt is in threaded connection with the sliding sleeves, and the guide sleeve is hinged between the two sliding sleeves.

Further, the shell is in a cuboid shape.

Furthermore, limit structure and revolute pair include the fixed block, the fixed block is fixed on first splint, is provided with the inner chamber in the fixed block, is provided with the movable block in the inner chamber, the lower extreme of screw rod passes fixed block and movable block fixed connection.

Furthermore, the fixed block and the movable block are both in a hemisphere shape.

Further, first splint and second splint all include metal level and silica gel layer respectively, the metal level setting of first splint is at the upside on its silica gel layer, the metal level setting of second splint is at the downside on its silica gel layer.

Furthermore, the bottom surface of the first clamping plate and the top surface of the second clamping plate are both concave arc surfaces.

Further, the shell comprises a rear half shell and a front half shell, the left side surfaces of the rear half shell and the front half shell are respectively provided with a first semicircular hole, the two first semicircular holes form a first through hole, the right side surfaces of the rear half shell and the front half shell are respectively provided with a second semicircular hole, the two second semicircular holes form a second through hole, the rear side of the rear half shell is connected with two clamping strips, the bottom surfaces of the right ends of the two clamping strips are respectively provided with a clamping groove, the left side surface of the front half shell is provided with two inserting grooves, the clamping strips are respectively arranged in the inserting grooves, the bottom surfaces of the right ends of the inserting grooves are respectively provided with a third through hole corresponding to the clamping grooves, the bottom in the front half shell is provided with an elastic part, the elastic part is connected with a movable rod, the elastic part upwards biases the movable rod, and the movable rod is vertically arranged on the right side of the inserting grooves, the side of the movable rod is connected with one end of two L-shaped locking rods, the other ends of the two L-shaped locking rods extend into the two clamping grooves respectively, and the top end of the movable rod penetrates out of the front half shell upwards to form a locking button.

Furthermore, the elastic component is an arc-shaped spring piece.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has positive and obvious effect. According to the Kirschner wire positioning guider for phalangeal fracture, the running direction and the approximate needle insertion depth of a Kirschner wire in phalanges can be predicted in advance by adjusting the position and the angle of the guide sleeve, the guide sleeve can effectively stabilize the whole needle insertion process of the Kirschner wire, and the Kirschner wire is prevented from sideslipping on the surface of bones to cause iatrogenic injury. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate can keep the relative position of the affected finger and the guider, and can effectively avoid the displacement in the process of inserting the Kirschner wire. Compared with the traditional needle insertion mode at the present stage, the device can effectively reduce the times of puncture, reduce the damage probability to the joint capsule, the ligament and the surrounding tissues thereof, reduce the infection risk and improve the prognosis of patients. The shell is two parts which can be detached, so that the fingers of the patient can be conveniently taken out when the kirschner wire enters from the second through hole and is in a cross locking state after being installed.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a kirschner wire positioning and guiding device for phalangeal fracture.

Fig. 2 is a left side view structural schematic diagram of a phalangeal fracture kirschner wire positioning and guiding device of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a right-view structural schematic diagram of the kirschner wire positioning and guiding device for phalangeal fracture.

Fig. 4 is a front view structural diagram of the connection between the knob and the first splint in the phalangeal fracture kirschner wire positioning and guiding device of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of the connection between the knob and the first splint in the Kirschner wire positioning and guiding device for phalangeal fracture.

Fig. 6 is a schematic front view of the connection between the sliding cylinder and the guiding sleeve in the Kirschner wire positioning and guiding device for phalangeal fracture.

Fig. 7 is a schematic side view of the connection between the sliding cylinder and the guiding sleeve in the Kirschner wire positioning and guiding device for phalangeal fracture.

Fig. 8 is a schematic top view of the connection between the sliding cylinder and the guiding sleeve in the Kirschner wire positioning and guiding device for phalangeal fracture.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the front half shell and the rear half shell in the phalangeal fracture kirschner wire positioning and guiding device in a separated and unlocked state.

Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of the front half shell and the rear half shell in the phalangeal fracture kirschner wire positioning and guiding device in a connected and locked state.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples, and all similar structures and similar variations using the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention. The use of up, down, front, rear, left, right, etc. directions in the present invention is for convenience of description only and does not limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1-10, the phalangeal fracture kirschner wire positioning and guiding device of the present invention comprises a housing 1, a first clamping plate 2 and a second clamping plate 3 are oppositely disposed in the housing 1, the first clamping plate 2 is disposed above the second clamping plate 3, a threaded hole 4 is disposed in the top of the housing 1, a screw 5 is disposed in the threaded hole 4, a knob 6 is disposed at the upper end of the screw 5, an axial limiting structure is disposed between the lower end of the screw 5 and the first clamping plate 2 and forms a rotation pair in the circumferential direction, a first through hole 7 is disposed in the left side surface of the housing 1, a second through hole 8 is disposed in the right side surface of the housing 1, the first through hole 7 and the second through hole 8 are coaxially disposed, an opening 9 is disposed in the front side surface of the housing 1, two sliding rods 10 are disposed in the opening 9 at intervals in parallel, the length direction of the sliding rods 10 is parallel to the length direction of the housing 1, a sliding sleeve 11 is respectively sleeved on the sliding rods 10, a bolt 12 is respectively arranged in the front side surface of each sliding barrel 11, the bolt 12 is in threaded connection with the sliding barrels 11, and a guide sleeve 13 is hinged between the two sliding barrels 11.

Further, the housing 1 is in a rectangular parallelepiped shape.

Furthermore, limit structure and revolute pair include fixed block 14, and fixed block 14 fixes on first splint 2, is provided with the inner chamber in the fixed block 14, is provided with movable block 15 in the inner chamber, and the lower extreme of screw rod 5 passes fixed block 14 and movable block 15 fixed connection.

Further, the fixed block 14 and the movable block 15 are both in a hemisphere shape.

Further, the first clamping plate 2 and the second clamping plate 3 respectively comprise a metal layer 16 and a silicone layer 17, the metal layer 16 of the first clamping plate 2 is arranged on the upper side of the silicone layer 17, and the metal layer 16 of the second clamping plate 3 is arranged on the lower side of the silicone layer 17.

Further, the bottom surface of the first clamping plate 2 and the top surface of the second clamping plate 3 are both concave cambered surfaces 18.

Further, the housing 1 includes a rear half housing 27 and a front half housing 28, the left side surfaces of the rear half housing 27 and the front half housing 28 are respectively provided with a first semicircular hole 29, the two first semicircular holes 29 form a first through hole 7, the right side surfaces of the rear half housing 27 and the front half housing 28 are respectively provided with a second semicircular hole (not shown), the two second semicircular holes form a second through hole 8, the rear side of the rear half housing 27 is connected with two clamping strips 19, the bottom surfaces of the right ends of the two clamping strips 19 are respectively provided with a clamping groove 20, the left side surface of the front half housing 28 is provided with two insertion grooves 21, the clamping strips 19 are respectively arranged in the insertion grooves 21, the right ends of the bottom surfaces of the insertion grooves 21 are respectively provided with a third through hole 22 corresponding to the clamping groove 20, the bottom in the front half housing 28 is provided with an elastic member 23, the elastic member 23 is connected with a movable rod 24, the elastic component 23 biases the movable rod 24 upwards, the movable rod 24 is vertically arranged at the right side of the slot 21, one end of two L-shaped locking rods 25 is connected to the side surface of the movable rod 24, the other ends of the two L-shaped locking rods 25 respectively extend into the two clamping grooves 20, and the top end of the movable rod 24 upwards penetrates through the front half shell 28 to form a locking button 26.

Further, the elastic component 23 is an arc spring sheet.

Specifically, the metal layer 16, the silicone layer 17, the elastic component 23, the arc-shaped spring piece, the concave arc surface 18, and the like in this embodiment all adopt known schemes in the prior art, and those skilled in the art know all the schemes, and are not described herein again.

As shown in fig. 4, the vertical height position of the first clamping plate 2 is adjusted and controlled by the knob 6, and the two are connected by the screw 5, the fixed block 14 and the movable block 15, so that the two can be firmly connected in the vertical direction, and the mutual independence of the knob 6 and the first clamping plate 2 on the rotation motion can be ensured. The second clamping plate 3 has the same properties as the first clamping plate 2, except for its fixed position.

The guide sleeve 13 can slide left and right on the slide bar 10 through the slide cylinders 11 at both sides to adjust the position of the guide sleeve 13, and the guide sleeve 13 can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise around the hinge point of the guide sleeve 13 and the slide sleeve as a rotating shaft in a top view as shown in fig. 8 to adjust the direction of the guide sleeve 13, and the two types of movements can ensure that the guide sleeve 13 can adapt to fractures of different parts of the finger.

The housing 1 is detachable and divided into a rear half housing 27 and a front half housing 28 along the top dotted line in fig. 1. When the button 26 is locked without external force, the arc spring piece jacks up the movable rod 24, the movable rod 24 is in a high position, the L-shaped locking rod extends into the clamping groove 20, and the rear half shell 27 and the front half shell 28 are connected into a whole and locked. When the lock button 26 is pressed, the movable rod 24 presses the arc spring downward, the movable rod 24 moves downward to be in a low position, the locking rod is withdrawn from the clamping groove 20, and the rear half shell 27 and the front half shell 28 can be separated after unlocking. The rear half casing 27 and the front half casing 28 are locked in use.

The application method and the process of the embodiment are as follows:

preoperative preparation: the instrument is assembled so that the lock button 26 is in a locked state and the rear half case 27 and the front half case 28 are integrally connected for standby. Firstly, doctors in surgery reposition the broken end of fracture by manipulation or incision; then, the finger of the patient is put into the kirschner wire guider from the second through hole 8 on the right side, and the height of the first clamping plate 2 is adjusted by rotating the knob 6, so that the first clamping plate 2 and the second clamping plate 3 temporarily fix the finger of the patient. And through the result of the imaging such as X-ray, select suitable needle insertion point and needle insertion direction, use this as the basis, adjust the position and the direction of guide sleeve 13, subsequently screw up bolt 12, fixed slide cartridge 11, thus fix the needle insertion position, then get into the patient's finger from guide sleeve 13 with the kirschner wire, accomplish the installation of kirschner wire. On the other hand, for the patient with the distal phalanx fracture, the kirschner wire fixation is usually needed along the long axis of the finger, and the needle can be inserted from the first through hole 7 on the left side at the moment so as to achieve the purpose of longitudinal fixation. And finally, performing clamping, bending and other treatments on the exposed kirschner wire.

When the Kirschner wire is inserted from the first through hole 7 on the left side, the patient's finger can be disengaged from the second through hole 8 after completion. When the kirschner wire enters the finger of the patient from the guide sleeve 13, the kirschner wire is fixed on the phalange and forms a certain included angle with the length direction of the finger (namely the length direction of the guide), so that the finger and the kirschner wire are in a cross locking state in the device, the finger can not be actively withdrawn from the second through hole 8, and the rear half shell 27 and the front half shell 28 can be separated from each other by pressing the locking button 26, so that the finger of the patient can be conveniently separated from the device.

The metal layers 16 of the first splint 2 and the second splint 3 can firmly fix fractured fingers, and the silica gel layer 17 can increase the buffer to prevent the metal layers 16 from extruding and damaging the fingers. Meanwhile, the concave cambered surface 18 can maintain the stability of the side of the finger, and can avoid the side displacement of the fracture end in the process of threading the kirschner wire.

According to the Kirschner wire positioning guider for phalangeal fracture, the running direction and the approximate needle insertion depth of a Kirschner wire in phalanges can be predicted in advance by adjusting the position and the angle of the guide sleeve 13, the guide sleeve 13 can effectively stabilize the whole needle insertion process of the Kirschner wire, and the Kirschner wire is prevented from sideslipping on the surface of bones to cause iatrogenic injury. The first clamping plate 2 and the second clamping plate 3 can keep the relative position of the affected finger and the guider, and can effectively avoid the displacement in the process of inserting the kirschner wire. Compared with the traditional needle insertion mode at the present stage, the device can effectively reduce the times of puncture, reduce the damage probability to the joint capsule, the ligament and the surrounding tissues thereof, reduce the infection risk and improve the prognosis of patients. The housing is two parts which can be disassembled, in order to conveniently take out the finger of the patient when the kirschner wire enters from the second through hole 8 and is in the cross locking state after being installed.