阅读说明：本技术 一种降低隧道围岩应力的掘进机及其施工方法 (Tunneling machine for reducing stress of tunnel surrounding rock and construction method thereof ) 是由 李翔 于 2021-09-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种降低隧道围岩应力的掘进机及其施工方法,包括盾体和刀盘,刀盘上设置有安装孔,刀盘后侧的盾体上设置有与安装孔对应的超前钻孔装置,超前钻孔装置可以通过安装孔在前方的掌子面钻出超前导洞,盾体通过第一轴向伸缩机构连接有第一震动冲击器,第一震动冲击器距刀盘回转中心的距离与超前钻孔装置距刀盘回转中心的距离相等,通过在超前导洞中安装第一震动冲击器,可以对掌子面岩体进行预裂弱化,最后再通过刀盘上的金属刀具对岩体进行破碎。本发明利用震动冲击器对岩层施加冲击力,再使用掘滚刀或刮刀可以轻易能将岩石破碎,大大降低了金属刀具的磨损,延长了其使用寿命,提高了施工效率,降低了施工成本。(The invention discloses a tunneling machine for reducing tunnel surrounding rock stress and a construction method thereof, and the tunneling machine comprises a shield body and a cutter head, wherein a mounting hole is formed in the cutter head, an advance drilling device corresponding to the mounting hole is arranged on the shield body on the rear side of the cutter head, the advance drilling device can drill an advance pilot tunnel in the front face through the mounting hole, the shield body is connected with a first vibration impactor through a first axial telescopic mechanism, the distance from the first vibration impactor to the rotation center of the cutter head is equal to the distance from the advance drilling device to the rotation center of the cutter head, the rock mass on the tunnel face can be pre-fractured and weakened by installing the first vibration impactor in the advance pilot tunnel, and finally, the metal cutter on the cutter head is used for crushing. According to the invention, the rock stratum can be easily crushed by applying impact force to the rock stratum by using the vibration impactor and then using the digging hob or the scraper, so that the abrasion of a metal cutter is greatly reduced, the service life of the metal cutter is prolonged, the construction efficiency is improved, and the construction cost is reduced.)

1. The utility model provides a reduce entry driving machine of tunnel country rock stress, includes shield body (1) and blade disc (2), its characterized in that: the shield is characterized in that a mounting hole (7) is formed in the cutter head (2), an advance drilling device (3) corresponding to the mounting hole (7) is arranged on a shield body (1) on the rear side of the cutter head (2), the shield body (1) is connected with a first vibration impactor (4) through a first axial telescopic mechanism, and the distance from the first vibration impactor (4) to the rotation center of the cutter head (2) is equal to the distance from the advance drilling device (3) to the rotation center of the cutter head (2).

2. The heading machine for reducing stress of tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein: the cutter head (2) is provided with a small cutter disk (5) which can stretch forwards.

3. The heading machine for reducing stress of tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 2, wherein: and a second vibration impactor (6) is arranged on the periphery of the small cutter head (5).

4. A heading machine for reducing stress in tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the small cutter head (5) is arranged at the center of the cutter head (2) through a second axial telescopic mechanism.

5. The heading machine for reducing stress of tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 4, wherein: the mounting holes (7) and the advance drilling devices (3) are arranged in pairs and are provided with a plurality of pairs.

6. The heading machine for reducing stress of tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 5, wherein: the distances between each mounting hole (7) and the rotation center of the cutter head (2) are different.

7. The heading machine for reducing stress of tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 5, wherein: the distances between the mounting holes (7) and the rotation center of the cutter head (2) are the same, and the mounting holes are distributed on the edge part of the cutter head (2) at equal circumferential angles.

8. A heading machine for reducing stress in tunnel surrounding rock according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein: the first axial telescopic mechanism is a pneumatic telescopic mechanism or a hydraulic telescopic mechanism or a mechanical transmission telescopic mechanism; the second axial telescopic mechanism is a hydraulic telescopic mechanism or a mechanical transmission telescopic mechanism.

9. The construction method of the heading machine for reducing the stress of the tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 3, characterized in that: firstly, controlling a cutter head (2) to keep static, driving a small cutter head (5) forwards to form a hole ahead, and then starting a second vibration impactor (6) to pre-crack surrounding rocks;

then the cutter head (2) is controlled to rotate to enable the mounting hole (7) to correspond to the drill rod of the advanced drilling device (3) in the front-back direction, and the advanced drilling device (3) is started to drill an advanced drilling pilot hole;

then the cutter head (2) is controlled to rotate to the position where the mounting hole (7) is opposite to the advanced drilling hole and the first vibration impactor (4), the first axial telescopic mechanism is controlled to drive the first vibration impactor (4) to penetrate through the mounting hole (7), and the first vibration impactor (4) is placed in the advanced pilot tunnel;

then starting the first vibration impactor (4) or simultaneously starting the second vibration impactor (6) to act on the rock stratum until the rock is weakened;

and finally, restoring the first vibration impacter (4) and the second vibration impacter (6) to the original positions, starting the cutter head (2), and extruding or tearing the rock by a metal cutter on the cutter head (2) to complete tunneling.

10. The construction method of the heading machine for reducing the stress of the surrounding rock of the tunnel according to claim 9, characterized in that: the drill bit of the advanced drilling device (3) can be replaced, a plurality of drilling hole diameters can be selected, and the specifications of the corresponding first vibration impactor (4) and the second vibration impactor (6) are calculated according to the hardness condition of the rock, so that the specification of the advanced drilling device (3) is determined.

11. The construction method of a heading machine for reducing stress of a tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: the working power of the vibration impactor is adjustable, and the required vibration frequency, depth and amplitude are calculated according to different rock hardness, so that the working parameters of the vibration impactor are adjusted.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunneling mechanisms of tunneling machines, in particular to a tunneling machine for reducing stress of tunnel surrounding rocks and a construction method thereof.

Background

At present, tunneling aims at rock strata, mainly achieves the purpose of breaking rock masses by means of extruding rocks through a disc-shaped hob, mainly overcomes the compressive strength of the rocks, and has the same rock breaking efficiency aiming at rock strata with common strength. However, when the heading machine encounters hard rocks during the heading process, the efficiency of crushing the rocks by the hob will be obviously reduced, the hob is abnormally worn and the replacement frequency is increased, which brings about the reduction of the heading efficiency of the shield and the increase of the heading cost.

The invention discloses a combined TBM for realizing rock burst pretreatment and a rock burst pretreatment tunneling method, and relates to the field of tunnel and underground engineering construction, wherein the combined TBM comprises an advanced TBM and a spread excavation TBM, the spread excavation TBM surrounds the outer side of the advanced TBM, a geological drilling machine, a water spraying device and a high-frequency vibration device are arranged on the advanced TBM, and surrounding rocks are fully pre-released by the excavation of the advanced TBM, so that the rock burst risk is reduced. According to the technical scheme, the high-frequency vibration equipment is used for vibrating and exciting the surrounding rock cave wall body, cracks in the rock body are accelerated and expanded, the effect of stress release is achieved, and the risk of rock burst is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the heading machine for reducing the stress of the tunnel surrounding rock and the construction method thereof, and solves the technical problems of low efficiency and high cost when the conventional heading machine hob digs the hard rock.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the utility model provides a reduce entry driving machine of tunnel country rock stress and construction method thereof, including the shield body and blade disc, be provided with the mounting hole on the blade disc, be provided with the advance drilling equipment who corresponds with the mounting hole on the shield body of blade disc rear side, advance drilling equipment can drill out the advance pilot tunnel through the face of mounting hole in the front, the shield body is connected with first vibrations impacter through first axial telescopic machanism, first vibrations impacter is equal apart from the distance of blade disc centre of rotation and advance drilling equipment apart from the distance of blade disc centre of rotation, through installing first vibrations impacter in the advance pilot tunnel, can carry out the prefracture weakening to the face rock mass, metal cutter on the rethread blade disc carries out the breakage to the rock mass at last.

Furthermore, the small cutter head capable of stretching forwards is arranged on the cutter head, a front hole can be excavated in the face of the tunnel, the front guide hole is beneficial to transmission and vibration enhancement of vibration waves of the first vibration impactor in the front guide hole, the face of the tunnel is easy to pre-crack, and excessive replacement time is not needed even if a cutter on the small cutter head needs to be replaced.

Further, the periphery of little blade disc is provided with second vibrations impacter, can carry out advance presplitting to the rock mass before first vibrations impacter starts, also can use with first vibrations impacter synchronization, has better presplitting effect.

Further, the small knife disc is arranged at the center of the knife disc through a second axial telescopic mechanism, so that the penetrating performance of vibration pre-splitting is superior.

Furthermore, the mounting holes and the advance drilling devices are arranged in pairs and are provided with a plurality of pairs, and the number of the mounting holes and the number of the advance drilling devices can be selected according to the size of the cutter head and the rock hardness of the tunnel face.

Further, the distances between each mounting hole and the rotation center of the cutter head are different.

Or the distances between the mounting holes and the rotation center of the cutter disc are the same, and the mounting holes are distributed on the edge part of the cutter disc at equal circumferential angles.

The first axial telescopic mechanism is a pneumatic telescopic mechanism or a hydraulic telescopic mechanism or a mechanical transmission telescopic mechanism; the second axial telescopic mechanism is a hydraulic telescopic mechanism or a mechanical transmission telescopic mechanism.

A construction method of a heading machine for reducing stress of tunnel surrounding rock comprises the following steps:

firstly, the cutter head is controlled to keep static, the small cutter head is driven forwards to form a hole ahead, and then the second vibration impactor is started to pre-crack the surrounding rock.

And then the cutter head is controlled to rotate to enable the mounting hole to correspond to the front and back of a drill rod of the advanced drilling device, and the advanced drilling device is started to drill an advanced drill pilot tunnel.

And then the cutter head is controlled to rotate to the position, opposite to the advanced drilling hole and the first vibration impactor, of the mounting hole, the first axial telescopic mechanism is controlled to drive the first vibration impactor to penetrate through the mounting hole, and the first vibration impactor is placed in the advanced pilot tunnel.

The first percussion impactor is then activated or simultaneously the second percussion impactor is activated against the rock formation until the rock weakens.

And finally, restoring the first vibration impacter and the second vibration impacter to the original positions and starting the cutter head. And the metal cutter on the cutter head extrudes or tears the rock to complete the tunneling.

Further, the drill bit of the advanced drilling device can be replaced, the number of the drilling hole diameters can be selected, and the specifications of the corresponding first vibration impactor and the second vibration impactor are calculated according to the rock hardness condition, so that the specifications of the advanced drilling device are determined.

Furthermore, the working power of the vibration impactor can be adjusted, and the required vibration frequency, depth and amplitude are calculated according to different rock hardness, so that the working parameters of the vibration impactor are adjusted.

According to the invention, the impact force is applied to the rock stratum by using the vibration impactor to force the rock stratum to generate the vibration cracks, so that the stress of the surrounding rock is released, the aim of reducing the compressive strength of the rock is fulfilled, the strength of the weakened rock is reduced, the brittleness is increased, the cracks in the rock are expanded more and deeper, and at the moment, a hob or a scraper of the tunneling machine can easily crush the rock, so that the abrasion of a metal cutter is greatly reduced, the service life of the metal cutter is prolonged, the construction efficiency is improved, and the construction cost is reduced. The construction method for reducing the stress of the tunnel surrounding rock by active vibration is further characterized in that the penetration effect of impact force can be enhanced by simultaneous operation at multiple points, the number and the length of rock layer fractures can be continuously developed along with the increase of the times of the impact operation, the fracture connectivity is continuously enhanced, fracture grids are formed, and the weakening effect of the rock is enhanced. The invention is not only suitable for the tunneling of hard rock geology, but also suitable for the tunneling of soft rock stratum.

Drawings

In order to illustrate the embodiments of the invention more clearly, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be derived from those drawings by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the cutter head of the present invention;

wherein: 1. the shield body, 2, blade disc, 3, advance drilling equipment, 4, first vibrations impacter, 5, small cutter dish, 6, second vibrations impacter, 7, mounting hole.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1, a reduce entry driving machine of tunnel country rock stress, as shown in fig. 1, including the shield body 1 and blade disc 2, be provided with mounting hole 7 on the blade disc 2, be provided with the advance drilling device 3 that corresponds with mounting hole 7 on the shield body 1 of blade disc 2 rear side, advance drilling device 3 can drill out the advance pilot tunnel through the face in front of mounting hole 7. The shield body 1 is connected with a first vibration impactor 4 through a first axial telescopic mechanism, and the first axial telescopic mechanism is a pneumatic telescopic mechanism or a hydraulic telescopic mechanism or a mechanical transmission telescopic mechanism. The distance between the first vibration impacter 4 and the rotary center of the cutter head 2 is equal to the distance between the advance drilling device 3 and the rotary center of the cutter head 2, the first vibration impacter 4 is installed in the advance pilot tunnel, pre-splitting weakening can be carried out on a rock body of a tunnel face, and finally the rock body is crushed through a metal cutter on the cutter head 2.

The mounting holes 7 and the advance drilling devices 3 are arranged in pairs and are provided with a plurality of pairs, and the number of the mounting holes 7 and the advance drilling devices 3 can be selected according to the size of the cutter head 2 and the rock hardness of the tunnel face. As shown in fig. 2, the mounting holes 7 are spaced from the center of rotation of the cutter head 2 at the same distance and are distributed at the edge of the cutter head 2 at equal circumferential angles. Or the distances between the mounting holes 7 and the rotation center of the cutter head 2 are different.

The small cutter disc 5 capable of stretching forwards is arranged on the cutter disc 2, a front hole can be excavated in advance on the face of the hand, the front hole is beneficial to transmission and vibration enhancement of vibration waves of the first vibration impacter 4 in the front hole, the face of the hand is more easily pre-cracked, and excessive replacement time is not spent even if a cutter on the small cutter disc 5 needs to be replaced. Little blade disc 5 sets up the central point at blade disc 2 through the second axial telescopic machanism and puts for the penetrability of vibrations presplitting is more superior. The second axial telescopic mechanism is a hydraulic telescopic mechanism or a mechanical transmission telescopic mechanism.

The periphery of little blade disc 5 is provided with second vibrations impacter 6, can carry out advance presplitting to the rock mass before first vibrations impacter 4 starts, also can use with first vibrations impacter 6 synchronization, has better presplitting effect.

Embodiment 2, a construction method of a heading machine for reducing stress of tunnel surrounding rock, comprising the following steps:

firstly, controlling the cutter head 2 to keep still, driving the small cutter head 5 forwards to form a super front hole, and then starting the second vibration impactor 6 to pre-crack the surrounding rock;

then the cutter head 2 is controlled to rotate to enable the mounting hole 7 to correspond to the drill rod of the advanced drilling device 3 in a front-back mode, and the advanced drilling device 3 is started to drill an advanced drilling pilot hole;

then, the cutter head 2 is controlled to rotate to the position, corresponding to the advanced drilling hole, of the mounting hole 7 and the first vibration impactor 4, the first axial telescopic mechanism is controlled to drive the first vibration impactor 4 to penetrate through the mounting hole 7, and the first vibration impactor 4 is placed in the advanced pilot tunnel;

then starting the first vibration impactor 4 or simultaneously starting the second vibration impactor 6 to act on the rock stratum until the rock is weakened;

and finally, the first vibration impacter 4 and the second vibration impacter 6 are restored to the original positions, and the cutter head 2 is started. And the metal cutter on the cutter head 2 extrudes or tears the rock to complete the tunneling.

Further, the drill bit of the advance drilling device 3 is replaceable, the number of the drilling holes can be selected, and the specifications of the corresponding first vibration impactor 4 and the second vibration impactor 6 are calculated according to the rock hardness condition, so that the specification of the advance drilling device 3 is determined.

Furthermore, the working power of the vibration impactor can be adjusted, and the required vibration frequency, depth and amplitude are calculated according to different rock hardness, so that the working parameters of the vibration impactor are adjusted.

The structure of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1.

Nothing in this specification is intended to be exhaustive of all conventional and well known techniques.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.