阅读说明：本技术 火灾烟气循环净化装置和方法 (Fire smoke circulating and purifying device and method ) 是由 疏学明 贺胜 胡俊 吴津津 于 2021-10-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了火灾烟气循环净化装置和方法,该装置包括依次相连的烟气收集模块、烟气二次燃烧模块、喷水除尘降温模块和有害气体脱除模块；烟气二次燃烧模块包括烟气混燃室、燃烧发生器、空气预热仓和氧化气体管阀,燃烧发生器的点火部分设在烟气混燃室的内侧,燃烧发生器的燃料部分及点火控制部分设在烟气混燃室的外侧,空气预热仓内设有空气预热器,氧化气体管阀连接在烟气混燃室和空气预热仓之间。本发明不仅有效处理了火灾烟气,避免了环境污染,还实现了“废物”的循环利用,使高温有害的火灾烟气净化为可供人呼吸的“绿色”气体成为了可能,可有效解决海底隧道、大型地下空间等场所通风排烟困难且建设维护成本高昂的技术瓶颈。(The invention discloses a fire smoke circulating purification device and a fire smoke circulating purification method, wherein the device comprises a smoke collecting module, a smoke secondary combustion module, a water spraying, dust removing and cooling module and a harmful gas removing module which are sequentially connected; the flue gas secondary combustion module comprises a flue gas mixed combustion chamber, a combustion generator, an air preheating chamber and an oxidizing gas pipe valve, wherein an ignition part of the combustion generator is arranged on the inner side of the flue gas mixed combustion chamber, a fuel part and an ignition control part of the combustion generator are arranged on the outer side of the flue gas mixed combustion chamber, an air preheater is arranged in the air preheating chamber, and the oxidizing gas pipe valve is connected between the flue gas mixed combustion chamber and the air preheating chamber. The invention not only effectively treats the fire smoke and avoids environmental pollution, but also realizes the recycling of waste, so that the high-temperature harmful fire smoke is purified into green gas which can be breathed by people, and the technical bottlenecks of difficult ventilation and smoke exhaust and high construction and maintenance cost of places such as submarine tunnels, large underground spaces and the like can be effectively solved.)

1. A fire smoke circulating and purifying device is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a flue gas collecting module, a flue gas secondary combustion module, a water spraying dust removing and cooling module and a harmful gas removing module which are sequentially connected;

the flue gas secondary combustion module includes that the flue gas mixes combustion chamber, combustion generator, air preheating bin and oxidizing gas pipe valve, the module is collected to the flue gas mix combustion chamber with the air preheating bin links to each other in proper order, combustion generator's ignition part is established the inboard of flue gas mixing combustion chamber, combustion generator's fuel part and ignition control part are established the outside of flue gas mixing combustion chamber, be equipped with air heater in the air preheating bin, air heater is used for with high-temperature gas and low-temperature oxidizing gas after the burning in the flue gas mixing combustion chamber carry out the heat transfer, oxidizing gas pipe valve is connected the flue gas mix combustion chamber with between the air preheating bin, oxidizing gas pipe valve is used for following the oxidizing gas who preheats the bin transmission extremely the flue gas mixing combustion chamber.

2. A fire smoke circulation purification apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the smoke post-combustion module further comprises flow control valves provided at the inlet end and the outlet end of the high temperature gas of the air preheating bin.

3. A fire smoke circulation purification apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high temperature gas flows through the outside of the air preheater and the low temperature oxidizing gas flows through the inside of the air preheater.

4. A fire smoke circulating purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the smoke collection module comprises a smoke collecting port, a smoke guide pipe and a smoke collecting chamber which are connected in sequence, and a first axial flow fan is arranged in the smoke collecting chamber and used for providing mechanical power for fire smoke circulation.

5. A fire smoke circulating purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water spray dust removal and temperature reduction module comprises a spray type water curtain generator, a circulating water pump and a water tank, the spray type water curtain generator is arranged at the top end of the circulating water pump, and the circulating water pump is arranged in the water tank.

6. A fire smoke circulating purification device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the water spray dust removal and cooling module further comprises a gas-liquid separation plate, and the gas-liquid separation plate is connected with the harmful gas removal module.

7. A fire smoke circulating and purifying device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the harmful gas removing module comprises an activated carbon adsorption bin and a carbon monoxide purifying bin, the activated carbon adsorption bin is connected with the water spray dust removal and temperature reduction module, an activated carbon adsorption material is arranged in the activated carbon adsorption bin, and a carbon monoxide catalyst is arranged in the carbon monoxide purifying bin.

8. A fire smoke circulating and purifying device as claimed in claim 7, wherein said harmful gas removing module further comprises a drying chamber, said drying chamber is arranged between said activated carbon adsorption chamber and said carbon monoxide purifying chamber, and a drying agent is arranged in said drying chamber.

9. The fire smoke recycling and purifying apparatus of claim 7, wherein the harmful gas removal module further comprises a second axial fan for providing mechanical power for fire smoke recycling.

10. A method of purifying fire smoke using the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:

(1) enabling fire smoke to enter a smoke collection module;

(2) enabling the fire smoke to enter a smoke secondary combustion module, enabling the fire smoke to be secondarily combusted in a smoke mixed combustion chamber under the action of a combustion generator, enabling the combusted high-temperature gas to enter an air preheating bin to preheat low-temperature oxidizing gas, and supplying the preheated oxidizing gas to the smoke mixed combustion chamber;

(3) enabling the mixed gas cooled by the air preheating bin to enter a water spraying, dedusting and cooling module so as to remove solid particles in the mixed gas and further cool the mixed gas;

(4) and enabling the mixed gas subjected to dust removal and temperature reduction to enter a harmful gas removal module so as to remove harmful gas in the mixed gas.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fire smoke decontamination, purification and recycling, and particularly relates to a fire smoke circulating purification device and method.

Background

With the progress of technology in recent years, facilities and environments in various work places have become complicated, and the risk of fire is self-evident. Particularly for a large enclosed space, on one hand, rescue workers and large rescue equipment are difficult to support at the first time due to the influence of factors such as environmental complexity and the like, so that the trapped people are difficult to escape in a short time; on the other hand, the fire smoke is difficult to be eliminated quickly by the prior art means, and the life safety of trapped people is seriously threatened. Therefore, how to quickly eliminate fire smoke is the key to guarantee the life safety and health of trapped people when a fire occurs.

In order to solve the problems, experts in the field of fire fighting at home and abroad carry out intensive research and practice on the rapid smoke elimination technology in special environments, particularly large enclosed spaces. Some experts have tried to use mechanical smoke extraction in an attempt to achieve rapid smoke removal with high power mechanical smoke extraction equipment. However, the single mechanical smoke exhausting method can only exhaust the fire smoke to the outside of a large closed space, and a lengthy smoke exhausting pipeline and a complicated smoke exhausting system bring a huge economic burden. Unfortunately, this type of smoke abatement is difficult to achieve in deep underground operating environments. Taking a certain underground laboratory in China as an example, the buried depth of the laboratory exceeds 2000 meters, and the construction of a ventilation and smoke exhaust system at the depth in China has no any engineering practice experience, so that the construction and maintenance difficulty is conceivable. In addition, the randomly discharged fire smoke also seriously pollutes the atmospheric environment. And part of experts also remove fire smoke by adopting a decontamination mode. The technology adds decontamination operation on the single mechanical smoke exhaust technology, can remove partial harmful substances and simultaneously reduce the temperature of smoke, and has certain progress. But can not effectively remove CO, HCN, HCl and NO in fire smoke_x、SO_xAnd the like, and has no essential difference from mechanical smoke exhaust. Therefore, how to consider both economy and environmental protection while effectively treating fire smoke becomes a key point of the current fire control treatment technology research.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide a fire smoke circulating and purifying apparatus and method, which not only effectively treat fire smoke and avoid environmental pollution, but also realize the recycling of "waste", so as to purify the high-temperature harmful fire smoke into the "green" gas capable of being breathed by people, thereby effectively solving the technical bottlenecks of difficult ventilation and smoke exhaust and high construction and maintenance costs in places such as submarine tunnels, large underground spaces, etc.

In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a fire smoke circulating and purifying device. According to an embodiment of the invention, the apparatus comprises: the device comprises a flue gas collecting module, a flue gas secondary combustion module, a water spraying dust removing and cooling module and a harmful gas removing module which are sequentially connected;

the flue gas secondary combustion module includes that the flue gas mixes combustion chamber, combustion generator, air preheating bin and oxidizing gas pipe valve, the module is collected to the flue gas mix combustion chamber with the air preheating bin links to each other in proper order, combustion generator's ignition part is established the inboard of flue gas mixing combustion chamber, combustion generator's fuel part and ignition control part are established the outside of flue gas mixing combustion chamber, be equipped with air heater in the air preheating bin, air heater is used for with high-temperature gas and low-temperature oxidizing gas after the burning in the flue gas mixing combustion chamber carry out the heat transfer, oxidizing gas pipe valve is connected the flue gas mix combustion chamber with between the air preheating bin, oxidizing gas pipe valve is used for following the oxidizing gas who preheats the bin transmission extremely the flue gas mixing combustion chamber.

According to the fire smoke circulating purification device provided by the embodiment of the invention, different from the traditional smoke elimination technology, the fire smoke is subjected to on-site treatment, the fire smoke is subjected to secondary combustion in the smoke secondary combustion module, and carbon-containing harmful substances (such as carbon black, CO and the like) in the fire smoke react under the action of an oxidant to generate CO₂The method adopts a thermochemical elimination mode to rapidly remove most of carbon-containing harmful substances in the flue gasThe quality is good, and the low-temperature oxidizing gas needed in the secondary combustion is preheated in advance by utilizing the high-temperature gas after combustion, so that the reasonable utilization of heat is realized, and the primary cooling of the high-temperature gas is realized. In the water spray dust removal cooling module, a small amount of suspended particles such as carbon black remained in fire smoke after combustion are eliminated, the influence of the smoke on visual conditions of fire scene escape and fire rescue is reduced, and the evacuation rescue conditions are optimized. In the harmful gas removal module, activated carbon is adopted to adsorb other harmful substances in the smoke, complete 'purification' of the fire smoke is completed, and finally carbon black, CO, HCN, HCl and NO in the smoke are realized by combining technical means of temperature reduction, drying and the like_x、SO_xAnd the harmful substances are effectively purified, so that the minimum standard for human breathing is reached, and the life support limit of trapped people is increased. Therefore, the purified flue gas can be directly discharged into the original system, so that the fire smoke gas is effectively treated, the environmental pollution is avoided, the cyclic utilization of waste is realized, the purification of the high-temperature harmful fire smoke gas into the 'green' gas capable of being breathed by people becomes possible, and the technical bottleneck that the ventilation and the smoke exhaust of places such as a submarine tunnel and a large underground space are difficult and the construction and maintenance cost is high can be effectively solved.

In addition, the fire smoke circulating and purifying device according to the above embodiment of the invention may also have the following additional technical features:

in some embodiments of the invention, the flue gas post-combustion module further comprises flow control valves, and the flow control valves are arranged at the inlet end and the outlet end of the high-temperature gas of the air preheating bin.

In some embodiments of the invention, the high temperature gas flows through the outside of the air preheater and the low temperature oxidizing gas flows through the inside of the air preheater.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the flue gas collection module includes a flue gas collecting port, a flue gas guiding pipe and a flue gas collecting chamber, which are connected in sequence, and a first axial flow fan is disposed in the flue gas collecting chamber, and the first axial flow fan is configured to provide mechanical power for flue gas circulation in a fire hazard.

In some embodiments of the invention, the water spray dust removal and temperature reduction module comprises a spray type water curtain generator, a circulating type water pump and a water tank, wherein the spray type water curtain generator is arranged at the top end of the circulating type water pump, and the circulating type water pump is arranged in the water tank.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the water spray dust removal and temperature reduction module further includes a gas-liquid separation plate, and the gas-liquid separation plate is connected to the harmful gas removal module.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the harmful gas removal module includes an activated carbon adsorption bin and a carbon monoxide purification bin, the activated carbon adsorption bin is connected to the water spray dust removal and temperature reduction module, an activated carbon adsorption material is disposed in the activated carbon adsorption bin, and a carbon monoxide catalyst is disposed in the carbon monoxide purification bin.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the harmful gas removal module further includes a drying bin, the drying bin is disposed between the activated carbon adsorption bin and the carbon monoxide purification bin, and a drying agent is disposed in the drying bin.

In some embodiments of the invention, the hazardous gas removal module further comprises a second axial flow fan to provide mechanical power for fire smoke circulation.

In a further aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for purifying fire smoke by using the device of the above embodiment. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:

(1) enabling fire smoke to enter a smoke collection module;

(2) enabling the fire smoke to enter a smoke secondary combustion module, enabling the fire smoke to be secondarily combusted in a smoke mixed combustion chamber under the action of a combustion generator, enabling the combusted high-temperature gas to enter an air preheating bin to preheat low-temperature oxidizing gas, and supplying the preheated oxidizing gas to the smoke mixed combustion chamber;

(3) enabling the mixed gas cooled by the air preheating bin to enter a water spraying, dedusting and cooling module so as to remove solid particles in the mixed gas and further cool the mixed gas;

(4) and enabling the mixed gas subjected to dust removal and temperature reduction to enter a harmful gas removal module so as to remove harmful gas in the mixed gas.

The method for purifying the fire smoke according to the embodiment of the invention is different from the traditional 'smoke elimination' technology, the method for 'in-situ treatment' of the fire smoke carries out secondary combustion in the smoke secondary combustion module, and carbon-containing harmful substances (such as C, CO and the like) in the fire smoke react to generate CO under the action of an oxidant₂The mode of "thermochemistry elimination" is adopted and a large amount of carbon-containing harmful substance in the flue gas is got rid of fast to the high-temperature gas after utilizing the burning preheats the low temperature oxidizing gas that needs in the postcombustion in advance, has realized thermal rational utilization, has still realized the preliminary cooling to high-temperature gas simultaneously. In the water spray dust removal cooling module, suspended particulate matters such as carbon black in the fire smoke after combustion are eliminated, the influence of the smoke on visual conditions of fire scene escape and fire rescue is reduced, and the evacuation rescue conditions are optimized. In the harmful gas removal module, activated carbon is adopted to adsorb other harmful substances in the smoke, complete 'purification' of the fire smoke is completed, and finally carbon black, CO, HCN, HCl and NO in the smoke are realized by combining technical means of temperature reduction, drying and the like_x、SO_xAnd the harmful substances are effectively purified, so that the minimum standard for human breathing is reached, and the life support limit of trapped people is increased. Therefore, the purified flue gas can be directly discharged into the original system, so that the fire smoke gas is effectively treated, the environmental pollution is avoided, the cyclic utilization of waste is realized, the purification of the high-temperature harmful fire smoke gas into the 'green' gas capable of being breathed by people becomes possible, and the technical bottleneck that the ventilation and the smoke exhaust of places such as a submarine tunnel and a large underground space are difficult and the construction and maintenance cost is high can be effectively solved.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a smoke circulation purifier for fire according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an axial flow fan according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for purifying fire smoke in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

wherein, the device comprises a 1-flue gas collection module, a 2-flue gas secondary combustion module, a 3-water spray dedusting and cooling module, a 4-harmful gas removal module, a 1-1-flue gas collecting port, a 1-2-flue gas guide pipe, a 1-3-flue gas collecting chamber, a 2-1-flue gas mixing and burning chamber, a 2-2-combustion generator, a 2-3-air preheating bin, a 2-4-air preheater, a 2-5-oxidizing gas pipe valve, a 2-6-flow control valve, a 2-7-gas injection valve, a 2-8-first circular truncated cone-shaped flow guide channel, a 2-9-second circular truncated cone-shaped flow guide channel, a 3-1-spray type water curtain generator and a 3-2-circulating water pump, 3-3-water tank, 3-4-gas-liquid separation plate, 4-1-activated carbon adsorption bin, 4-2-drying bin and 4-3-carbon monoxide purification bin.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a fire smoke circulating and purifying device. According to an embodiment of the invention, with reference to fig. 1, the device comprises: the device comprises a flue gas collecting module 1, a flue gas secondary combustion module 2, a water spraying dust removing and cooling module 3 and a harmful gas removing module 4 which are sequentially connected. As a specific example, the flue gas collection module 1, the flue gas secondary combustion module 2, the water spraying dust removal and cooling module 3 and the harmful gas removal module 4 are connected through connecting discs respectively.

In the embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1, the flue gas collection module 1 comprises a flue gas collecting port 1-1, a flue gas guide pipe 1-2 and a flue gas collecting chamber 1-3 which are connected in sequence, the flue gas collecting port 1-1 is a flue gas collecting air inlet, and a first axial flow fan is arranged in the flue gas collecting chamber 1-3 and used for providing mechanical power for fire flue gas circulation. As a specific example, the flue gas duct 1-2 is a connection body composed of a straight pipe and a bent pipe, wherein the straight pipe part is used for stabilizing the flue gas, and the bent pipe part is used for guiding the flue gas. As another specific example, the first axial flow fan is installed in the flue gas collecting chamber 1-3, one or more of the first axial flow fans can be installed as required, and when a plurality of the first axial flow fans are installed, the first axial flow fans are used in series, and the specific structure of the axial flow fan is shown in fig. 2.

In the embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1, the flue gas secondary combustion module 2 removes most of carbon-containing harmful substances in fire flue gas by a thermochemical method and primarily cools the reacted mixed gas, and the specific structural functions are described as follows: the flue gas secondary combustion module 2 comprises a flue gas mixed combustion chamber 2-1, a combustion generator 2-2, an air preheating chamber 2-3 and an oxidizing gas pipe valve 2-5, and the flue gas collection module 1, the flue gas mixed combustion chamber 2-1 and the air preheating chamber 2-3 are sequentially connected. The ignition part of the combustion generator 2-2 is arranged on the inner side of the flue gas mixing combustion chamber 2-1, the fuel part and the ignition control part of the combustion generator 2-2 are arranged on the outer side of the flue gas mixing combustion chamber 2-1, the air preheating bin 2-3 is internally provided with an air preheater 2-4, the air preheater 2-4 is used for exchanging heat between high-temperature gas and low-temperature oxidizing gas combusted in the flue gas mixing combustion chamber 2-1, the oxidizing gas pipe valve 2-5 is connected between the flue gas mixing combustion chamber 2-1 and the air preheating bin 2-3, and the oxidizing gas pipe valve 2-5 is used for transmitting the preheated oxidizing gas from the air preheating bin 2-3 to the flue gas mixing combustion chamber 2-1. The smoke mixed combustion chamber 2-1 provides a place for oxidation reaction of fire smoke and hot air, and the combustion generator 2-2 provides initial ignition energy and an external heat source for secondary combustion of the fire smoke through manual or automatic control. The fire smoke entering the smoke mixing combustion chamber 2-1 is mixed with the fuel provided by the combustion generator 2-2, the secondary combustion is generated under the action of the ignition part, the secondary combustion is generated by the ignition energy provided by the combustion generator 2-2, the fuel of the device is ethanol, the instant high temperature of 1000 ℃ can be provided, the high temperature gas after combustion enters the air preheating bin 2-3, the low temperature oxidizing gas is preheated, the low temperature oxidizing gas enters the air preheating bin 2-3 through the air injection valve 2-7, the high temperature gas entering the air preheating bin 2-3 and the low temperature oxidizing gas entering the air preheater 2-4 continuously exchange heat, the initial temperature of the gas as an oxidant before being injected into the smoke mixing combustion chamber 2-1 is continuously increased, the highest temperature is increased to 650 ℃ (the lowest combustion point of CO in the air of more than 0.101325 Mpa 630 ℃), the preheated oxidizing gas is supplied to the smoke mixed combustion chamber 2-1 and is mixed with fire smoke entering the smoke mixed combustion chamber 2-1 to form high-temperature mixed gas, and the high-temperature mixed gas with high energy can be continuously combusted in the smoke mixed combustion chamber 2-1 without an external heat source until carbon monoxide in the smoke is exhausted, so that the carbon monoxide in the smoke is thoroughly removed. And simultaneously realizes the preliminary cooling of high-temperature gas.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the flue gas secondary combustion module 2 further includes flow control valves 2-6, and the flow control valves 2-6 are disposed at the inlet end and the outlet end of the high temperature gas in the air preheating bin 2-3. As a specific example, the flow control valve 2-6 is a valve composed of a circular column casing and a plurality of (for example, 8) retractable disc-shaped sheets, and is operated manually or automatically to control the mass transfer rate of gas between the flue gas mixing and burning chamber 2-1 and the air preheating chamber 2-3.

According to still another embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the high temperature gas flows through the outside of the air preheater 2-4, and the low temperature oxidizing gas flows through the inside of the air preheater 2-4, so that the low temperature oxidizing gas is more sufficiently and directionally introduced into the air preheater 2-4 through the gas injection valve 2-7 to perform heat exchange with the high temperature gas outside the air preheater 2-4, and the preheated oxidizing gas is delivered to the flue gas mixing chamber 2-1 through the oxidizing gas pipe valve 2-5.

In the embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1, the water spray dust removal cooling module 3 completes cooling and dust removal after secondary combustion of flue gas in a fluid spray mode, and comprises a spray type water curtain generator 3-1, a circulating type water pump 3-2 and a water tank 3-3, wherein the spray type water curtain generator 3-1 is arranged at the top end of the circulating type water pump 3-2, and the circulating type water pump 3-2 is arranged in the water tank 3-3. The spray type water curtain generator 3-1 consists of a spray pipe with holes and a connecting pipe and is used for manufacturing a water curtain for removing dust and reducing temperature of smoke. The circulating water pump 3-2 is used for providing continuous power for fluid spraying; the water tank 3-3 provides a reservoir for the spray medium. The cooling liquid sprayed by the spray type water curtain generator 3-1 is contacted with hot flue gas for heat exchange to realize further cooling of the hot flue gas, and meanwhile, by means of the surface activity of the sprayed fluid, the harmful particles in the flue gas are captured and settled by the sprayed fluid, air and the interface tension of the flue particles, so that the dust removal effect is realized. The sprayed fluid is arranged in a water tank 3-3 and is transmitted to a spraying type water curtain generator 3-1 with a hole spray pipe to finish fluid spraying by providing power through a circulating type water pump 3-2. The spraying fluid should consider the smoke components, and select clear water medium or add proper surface active agent according to the factors of surface activity, interface rheological property, high temperature resistance, etc.

According to another embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1, the water spray dust removal and temperature reduction module 3 further comprises a gas-liquid separation plate 3-4, and the gas-liquid separation plate 3-4 is connected with the harmful gas removal module 4 and is used for separating most of liquid in the residual components and impurities after the flue gas is subjected to dust removal and temperature reduction. As a specific example, the gas-liquid separation plates 3 to 4 are arranged in a louver pattern.

In the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the harmful gas removal module 4 includes an activated carbon adsorption bin 4-1 and a carbon monoxide purification bin 4-3, the activated carbon adsorption bin 4-1 is connected to the water spray dust removal and temperature reduction module 3, and an activated carbon adsorption material, such as a coconut shell type adsorption material mainly containing activated carbon, is disposed in the activated carbon adsorption bin to sufficiently remove HCN, HCl and NO in the remaining components of the flue gas_xAnd SO_xAnd the like. A carbon monoxide catalyst is arranged in the carbon monoxide purifying bin 4-3, a small amount of residual CO in the flue gas is catalyzed and oxidized to ensure full removal, the catalyst adopts a hopcalite catalyst and a four-phase catalytic medium, and the catalyst respectively comprises 30wt% of copper oxide, 50wt% of manganese dioxide, 15wt% of cobaltous oxide and 5wt% of silver oxide, and C can be obtained by mixing C with a carrierThe O concentration is reduced to below 10 ppm. The main reaction for catalytic oxidation of CO is as follows: CO + Mn⁴⁺→ CO⁺ + Mn³⁺；Cu^{2 +} + Mn³⁺ ⇌ Cu⁺ + Mn⁴⁺；1/2O₂ + Cu⁺ → O^- + Cu²⁺；CO⁺ + O^- → CO₂。

It should be noted that the catalyst is water-inactive, and therefore the gas mixture to be catalytically oxidized needs to be sufficiently dried before use. The smoke gas treated by the activated carbon adsorption and the hopcalite catalyst reaches the minimum standard for human breathing, can be directly discharged, and cannot cause harm to human bodies for a long time.

It should be noted that the number of the activated carbon adsorption silo 4-1 and the carbon monoxide purification silo 4-3 is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can freely set the activated carbon adsorption silo and the carbon monoxide purification silo according to actual needs as long as HCN, HCl and NO can be ensured_x、SO_xAnd removing harmful gases such as CO and the like sufficiently.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the harmful gas removal module 4 further includes a drying bin 4-2, the drying bin 4-2 is disposed between the activated carbon adsorption bin 4-1 and the carbon monoxide purification bin 4-3, and a drying agent is disposed in the drying bin 4-2 for removing water vapor from the residual components of the flue gas. It should be noted that the number of the drying bins 4-2 is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can freely set the number according to actual needs.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the harmful gas removal module further comprises a second axial fan for providing mechanical power for fire smoke circulation. As a specific example, the second axial fans are arranged in the drying bin 4-2, the number of the second axial fans is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can freely set the second axial fans according to actual needs.

It should be noted that the power source for collecting and circulating the fire smoke is mechanical power, and the power source is realized by a combined negative pressure ventilation mode, specifically, axial flow fans are respectively arranged in the smoke collecting chamber 1-3 and the drying chamber 4-2.

The fire smoke circulating purification device provided by the embodiment of the invention is different from the traditional smoke elimination technology, the fire smoke is treated in situ, the fire smoke is subjected to secondary combustion in the smoke secondary combustion module 2, and carbon-containing harmful substances (such as carbon black, CO and the like) in the fire smoke react under the action of an oxidant to generate CO₂Most carbon-containing harmful substances in the flue gas are rapidly removed by adopting a thermochemical elimination mode, and the low-temperature oxidizing gas required in the secondary combustion is preheated in advance by utilizing the high-temperature gas after combustion, so that the reasonable utilization of heat is realized, and the preliminary cooling of the high-temperature gas is also realized. In the water spray dust removal and cooling module 3, a small amount of suspended particles such as carbon black remained in the fire smoke after combustion are eliminated, the influence of the smoke on visual conditions of fire scene escape and fire rescue is reduced, and the evacuation rescue conditions are optimized. In the harmful gas removal module 4, activated carbon is adopted to adsorb other harmful substances in the smoke, complete 'purification' of the fire smoke is completed, and finally carbon black, CO, HCN, HCl and NO in the smoke are realized by combining technical means of temperature reduction, drying and the like_x、SO_xAnd the harmful substances are effectively purified, so that the minimum standard for human breathing is reached, and the life support limit of trapped people is increased. Therefore, the purified flue gas can be directly discharged into the original system, so that the fire smoke gas is effectively treated, the environmental pollution is avoided, the cyclic utilization of waste is realized, the purification of the high-temperature harmful fire smoke gas into the 'green' gas capable of being breathed by people becomes possible, and the technical bottleneck that the ventilation and the smoke exhaust of places such as a submarine tunnel and a large underground space are difficult and the construction and maintenance cost is high can be effectively solved.

In a further aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method for purifying fire smoke by using the device. According to an embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 3, the method comprises:

s100: make conflagration flue gas get into flue gas collection module

In the step, negative pressure is generated by an axial flow fan to realize rapid collection of fire smoke, so that the fire smoke sequentially enters a smoke guide pipe 1-2 and a smoke collecting chamber 1-3 through a smoke collecting port 1-1.

S200: the fire smoke enters a smoke secondary combustion module, the fire smoke carries out secondary combustion in a smoke mixed combustion chamber under the action of a combustion generator, high-temperature mixed gas after combustion enters an air preheating bin to preheat low-temperature oxidizing gas, and the preheated oxidizing gas is supplied to the smoke mixed combustion chamber

In the step, the fire smoke enters a smoke secondary combustion module 2, the fire smoke carries out secondary combustion in a smoke mixing and combustion chamber 2-1 under the action of a combustion generator 2-2, and carbon-containing harmful substances (such as carbon black, CO and the like) in the fire smoke react to generate CO under the action of an oxidant₂Most of carbon-containing harmful substances in the flue gas are rapidly removed by adopting a thermochemical elimination mode. The high-temperature gas after combustion enters an air preheating bin 2-3 to preheat low-temperature oxidizing gas, the preheated oxidizing gas is supplied to a flue gas mixed combustion chamber 2-1 and is mixed with fire smoke entering the flue gas mixed combustion chamber 2-1 to form high-temperature mixed gas, and the high-temperature mixed gas with high energy can be continuously combusted in the flue gas mixed combustion chamber 2-1 without an external heat source until carbon monoxide in the flue gas is exhausted, so that the carbon monoxide in the flue gas is thoroughly removed. The high-temperature gas entering the air preheating bin 2-3 continuously exchanges heat with the low-temperature oxidizing gas entering the air preheater 2-4, and simultaneously realizes the primary cooling of the high-temperature gas.

S300: the mixed gas cooled by the air preheating bin enters a water spraying, dedusting and cooling module so as to remove solid particles in the mixed gas and further cool the mixed gas

In the step, the mixed gas cooled by the air preheating bin 2-3 enters a water spraying, dedusting and cooling module 3, the cooling liquid sprayed by the spray type water curtain generator 3-1 is contacted with hot flue gas for heat exchange to realize further cooling of the hot flue gas, and meanwhile, the surface activity of the sprayed fluid is relied on to realize capture and settlement of harmful particles in the flue gas through the interfacial tension of the sprayed fluid, air and soot, so that the dedusting effect is realized. Furthermore, the flue gas after temperature reduction and dust removal passes through the gas-liquid separation plate 3-4 to separate most of liquid in the residual components after the flue gas is subjected to dust removal and temperature reduction.

S400: enabling the mixed gas subjected to dust removal and temperature reduction to enter a harmful gas removal module so as to remove harmful gas in the mixed gas

In the step, the mixed gas after dust removal and temperature reduction enters an active carbon adsorption bin 4-1 to fully remove HCN, HCl and NO in the residual components of the flue gas_xAnd SO_xAnd the like. And then enters a drying agent for removing water vapor in the residual components of the smoke. And finally, the flue gas enters a carbon monoxide purification bin 4-3, and CO is subjected to catalytic oxidation reaction in the carbon monoxide purification bin 4-3, so that a small amount of residual CO in the flue gas is sufficiently removed, and the concentration of the CO can be reduced to below 10 ppm. The smoke gas treated by the activated carbon adsorption and the hopcalite catalyst reaches the minimum standard for human breathing, can be directly discharged, and cannot cause harm to human bodies for a long time.

The method for purifying the fire smoke according to the embodiment of the invention is different from the traditional 'smoke elimination' technology, the method for 'in-situ treatment' of the fire smoke carries out secondary combustion in the smoke secondary combustion module 2, and carbon-containing harmful substances (such as C, CO and the like) in the fire smoke react under the action of an oxidant to generate CO₂The mode of "thermochemistry elimination" is adopted and a large amount of carbon-containing harmful substance in the flue gas is got rid of fast to the high temperature gas mixture after utilizing the burning preheats the low temperature oxidizing gas that needs in the postcombustion in advance, has realized thermal rational utilization, has still realized the preliminary cooling to high temperature gas mixture simultaneously. In the water spray dust removal and cooling module 3, suspended particulate matters such as carbon black in the fire smoke after combustion are eliminated, the influence of the smoke on visual conditions of fire scene escape and fire rescue is reduced, and the evacuation rescue conditions are optimized. In the harmful gas removal module 4, the activated carbon is adopted to adsorb other harmful substances in the smoke, complete 'purification' of the fire smoke is completed, and finally carbon black, CO, carbon dioxide and the like in the smoke are realized by combining technical means of temperature reduction, drying and the like,HCN、HCl、NO_x、SO_xAnd the harmful substances are effectively purified, so that the minimum standard for human breathing is reached, and the life support limit of trapped people is increased. Therefore, the purified flue gas can be directly discharged into the original system, so that the fire smoke gas is effectively treated, the environmental pollution is avoided, the cyclic utilization of waste is realized, the purification of the high-temperature harmful fire smoke gas into the 'green' gas capable of being breathed by people becomes possible, and the technical bottleneck that the ventilation and the smoke exhaust of places such as a submarine tunnel and a large underground space are difficult and the construction and maintenance cost is high can be effectively solved.

The following embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are exemplary only, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, all reagents used in the following examples are commercially available or can be synthesized according to methods herein or known, and are readily available to those skilled in the art for reaction conditions not listed, if not explicitly stated.

Example 1

The fire smoke circulating and purifying device has the following main parameters in the basic state (basic function units are connected, no additional function module is provided, and two axial flow fans work):

the combination mode is as follows: modular grouping;

the total weight of the equipment is as follows: 1500 kg;

the equipment installation size is as follows: 9500 × 2500 × 2500 mm;

the installation form of the equipment is as follows: horizontal and vertical;

total power of the equipment: 80 kW;

flue gas treatment capacity: 8000 m³/h；

Maximum heating temperature of the air preheater: 650 ℃;

fresh air flow: 3000 m³/h；

Capacity of the water tank: 600m³；

Outlet gas temperature: 50-60 ℃;

outlet gas CO concentration: less than or equal to 10 ppm.

The fire smoke circulating and purifying device consists of a smoke collecting module 1, a smoke secondary combustion module 2, a water spraying dust removing and cooling module 3 and a harmful gas removing module 4, and is integrally U-shaped, and the total length of the longer U-shaped bottom is 9500 mm. The overall structure is shown in fig. 1.

Specifically, the smoke collection module 1 collects smoke generated by fire in a mechanical manner, and the specific structural function is described as follows: the flue gas collecting port 1-1 is a flue gas collecting air inlet and comprises a square bottom surface with the size of 1000 multiplied by 1000mm, a square top surface with the size of 600 multiplied by 600mm and a frustum with the height of 310 mm, and the bottom surface of the frustum is connected with a connecting disc with the size of ∅ 1160 multiplied by 40 mm; the flue gas guide pipe 1-2 is a connector consisting of a straight pipe with the length of 85550 multiplied by 950mm and a 90-degree bent pipe with the length of ∅ mm, wherein the straight pipe part is used for stabilizing the flow of flue gas, and the bent pipe part is used for guiding the flue gas; the flue gas collecting chamber 1-3 is a cylindrical bin section of ∅ 550 multiplied by 580mm, and provides a storage space for collecting flue gas; the first axial flow fan is arranged in the smoke collecting chamber 1-3 and provides mechanical power for collecting smoke.

The flue gas secondary combustion module 2 eliminates most of carbon-containing harmful substances in the fire smoke in a thermochemical mode and cools the reacted mixed gas, and the total length is 1800 mm. The specific structural functions are described as follows: the flue gas mixed combustion chamber 2-1 is a cylindrical bin section of ∅ 800 multiplied by 750, and provides a place for oxidation reaction of flue gas and hot air; the air preheating bin 2-3 is a bin section of ∅ 800 multiplied by 450; the ignition part of the combustion generator 2-2 is arranged in the flue gas mixed combustion chamber 2-1, the fuel part and the ignition control part are arranged outside the flue gas mixed combustion chamber 2-1, and the ignition part and the ignition control part are manually or automatically controlled to provide initial ignition energy and an external heat source for secondary combustion of the flue gas; the air preheater 2-4 is arranged in the air preheating bin 2-3; the air injection valve 2-7 is arranged on the air preheating bin 2-3 and provides an external air injection interface; the flow control valve 2-6 is a valve consisting of an ∅ 750X 40- ∅ 740X 40 circular column shell and 8 1/8 telescopic disc-shaped sheets with the maximum radius of R370, is manually or automatically operated and is used for controlling the mass transfer rate of gas between the flue gas mixing and burning chamber 2-1 and the air preheating bin 2-3; the oxidizing gas pipe valve 2-5 consists of valves and connecting pipes which are distributed and installed in the flue gas mixed combustion chamber 2-1 and the air preheating bin 2-3 and is used as a channel for one-way transmission of hot air from the air preheating bin 2-3 to the flue gas mixed combustion chamber 2-1 in the secondary combustion preheating stage of flue gas; the first circular truncated cone-shaped flow guide channel 2-8 and the second circular truncated cone-shaped flow guide channel 2-9 are respectively arranged at the end parts of the flue gas mixed combustion chamber 2-1 and the air preheating bin 2-3, the lengths of the first circular truncated cone-shaped flow guide channel and the second circular truncated cone-shaped flow guide channel are both 300 mm, and the first circular truncated cone-shaped flow guide channel and the second circular truncated cone-shaped flow guide channel are used for guiding flue gas at the joint.

And the water spraying dust removal cooling module 3 is used for cooling and removing dust after secondary combustion of the flue gas in a fluid spraying mode, and the total length is 2300 mm. The specific structural functions are described as follows: the spray type water curtain generator 3-1 consists of a spray pipe with holes and a connecting pipe, is connected to the top of the circulating water pump 3-2 and is used for manufacturing a water curtain for removing dust and cooling flue gas; the circulating water pump 3-2 is used for providing continuous power for fluid spraying; the water tank 3-3 provides a container for spraying medium; the liquid-gas separation device is arranged in a shutter mode and is used for separating most of liquid in residual components after flue gas dust removal and temperature reduction.

The harmful gas removal module 4 is L-shaped, and the total length of the longer end is 4020 mm. The specific structural functions are described as follows: the activated carbon adsorption bin 4-1 is a series structure of 1 ∅ 500 × 400 adsorption bin section and 2 ∅ 500 × 300 adsorption bin sections, the bin section interval is 60 mm, wherein the ∅ 500 × 400 adsorption bin section is a first active adsorption layer, the 2 ∅ 500 × 300 adsorption bin sections are second active adsorption layers, coconut shell type adsorption materials mainly containing activated carbon are filled in each adsorption bin section, and a multi-stage adsorption mode is adopted to fully remove HCN, HCl and NO in the residual components of the flue gas_xAnd SO_xAnd the like; the drying bin 4-2 is a combination body formed by arranging 1 ∅ × 200 bin section, 1 ∅ × 580 bin section, 1 ∅ × 200 bin section and 1 39550 × 580 bin section at intervals, wherein drying agents are arranged in the ∅ × 200 and ∅ × 200 bin sections, a second axial flow fan is arranged in the 2 59550 × 580 bin sections, and 1 is provided with 1 or is opened simultaneously according to fire conditions to provide mechanical power for circulating and purifying smoke; the carbon monoxide purification bin 4-3 comprises two ∅ 550X 500 bin sections with the interval of 100 mm, each bin section is filled with a carbon monoxide catalyst which comprises 30wt% of copper oxide, 50wt% of manganese dioxide, 15wt% of cobaltous oxide and 5wt% of silver oxide, and the residual small amount of CO in the flue gas is subjected to catalytic oxidation to ensure that the residual small amount of CO is fully oxidizedAnd (4) removing.

After a fire disaster occurs, the fire disaster smoke circulating device is used for purifying and recycling fire disaster smoke, and the following steps are needed:

s1, after a fire disaster occurs and the fire condition is confirmed, starting a device before smoke reaches the device, wherein all valves of the device are in an open state, a first axial flow fan and a second axial flow fan are started simultaneously, the whole device starts air inlet, and whether the ventilation of the device is normal or not is synchronously checked;

s2, starting a circulating water pump 3-2 of an air preheater 2-4 and a water spray dedusting and cooling module 3 in the air preheating bin 2-3, introducing fresh air from a gas injection valve 2-7 by the air preheater 2-4, continuously conveying liquid in a water tank 3-3 to a spray type water curtain generator 3-1, and manufacturing a dedusting and cooling water curtain;

and S3, temporarily closing flow control valves 2-6 and oxidizing gas pipe valves 2-5 at two ends of the air preheating bin 2-3 when the fire smoke is detected to reach the position near the device. After a certain pressure difference is formed between the flue gas mixed combustion chamber 2-1 and the air preheating bin 2-3, opening an oxidizing gas pipe valve 2-5, and carrying out one-way transportation on oxygen-containing air from the air preheater 2-4 to the flue gas mixed combustion chamber 2-1 through the oxidizing gas pipe valve 2-5 so as to continuously provide an oxidant required by secondary combustion of flue gas;

s4, fire smoke enters the device from the smoke collecting port 1-1 under mechanical power, reaches the smoke collecting chamber 1-3 through the smoke guide pipe 1-2, enters the smoke secondary combustion module 2 through the first axial flow fan, enters the smoke mixed combustion chamber 2-1 and is mixed with air injected in advance;

s5, starting the combustion generator 2-2, and secondarily combusting the mixed gas formed by the smoke and the air at the high temperature of 1000 ℃. When the obvious combustion phenomenon occurs, the flow control valve at the left side of the air preheating bin 2-3 is opened. The high-temperature flue gas after combustion exchanges heat with the air in the air preheater 2-4 through a heat exchange element of the air preheater 2-4, so that the air in the air preheater 2-4 is continuously heated through thermal circulation;

s6, under the continuous heating of the air preheater 2-4, the initial temperature of hot air injected into the flue gas mixing and burning chamber 2-1 is continuously increased, and the initial energy of mixed gas is continuously increased until the state of spontaneous combustion without an external heat source. At the moment, opening a flow control valve at the right side of the air preheating bin 2-3, and closing the combustion generator 2-2 at the same time;

s7, at the moment, the flue gas introduced into the flue gas mixed combustion chamber 2-1 and the injected high-temperature hot air are spontaneously and stably combusted to generate isothermal flue gas, meanwhile, the heat exchange balance of the high-temperature flue gas and the hot air is maintained, and the secondary combustion of the flue gas maintains a relatively stable state;

s8, the flue gas after secondary combustion takes fresh air flow in the air preheater 2-4 as a coolant, fully exchanges heat with relatively low-temperature air through a heat exchange element to realize primary cooling, then enters the water spraying dust removal cooling module 3 under the mechanical power provided by the power drying bin 4-2, and exchanges heat with fluid sprayed by the spray type water curtain generator 3-1 for secondary time, so that the temperature of the flue gas is further reduced. Meanwhile, the fluid containing the surfactant has lower interfacial tension relative to a clear water medium, so that solid particles in the flue gas can be efficiently captured and settled, and solid impurities in the flue gas are greatly reduced;

s9, blocking the accompanying flow of a liquid phase by the wet flue gas subjected to dust removal and temperature reduction through the louver-shaped gas-liquid separation plate 3-4, dripping the wet flue gas into the water tank 3-3 along the inclined plane of the gas-liquid separation plate 3-4 under the action of gravity, and pumping the wet flue gas into the spray type water curtain generator 3-1 through the circulating type water pump 3-2 to form a dust removal and temperature reduction water curtain;

s10, the gas phase part separated from the wet flue gas enters a harmful gas removal module 4, and after being adsorbed by an active adsorption bin two-stage three-layer active carbon material, HCN, HCl and NO contained in the gas are fully removed_x、SO_xAfter being fully dried in a power drying bin 4-2, the gas enters a carbon monoxide purifying bin 4-3, and is catalytically oxidized in a 2-layer hopcalite catalyst, so that a small amount of residual CO in the gas is thoroughly removed;

s11, at the moment, the fire smoke completes the whole purification process and reaches the minimum standard for human breathing, and finally, the treated smoke is discharged to realize the internal self-circulation of the system.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.