Aluminum ash recovery device and recovery process thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种铝灰回收装置及其回收工艺 (Aluminum ash recovery device and recovery process thereof ) 是由 郭建文 李永彦 赵世芬 朱广东 朱登强 薛峰平 于 2021-09-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种铝灰回收装置,包括：平皮带运输机、颚式破碎机、铝灰输送机、粉碎机、重力除尘器、旋风分离机、升料机、铝酸钙焙烧炉、焙烧料输送机和铝酸钙成品库；本发明还公开了一种回收工艺：(1)将铝灰由平皮带运输机运输至颚式破碎机中,粉碎；(2)由铝灰输送机输送至粉碎机中,粉碎,过筛；(3)依次通过重力除尘器和旋风分离机；(4)将含铝渣和石灰石由升料机加入铝酸钙焙烧炉中,焙烧；(5)由焙烧料输送机输送至铝酸钙成品库中,即完成对铝灰中铝的回收。本发明通过回收铝灰中的铝粒,除去铝的碳化物和氮化物,并除去铝灰中氯化物和氟化物,且将其回收再用于铝冶炼,使整个铝工业和再生铝生产对环境友好,造福人类。(The invention discloses an aluminum ash recovery device, which comprises: the device comprises a flat belt conveyor, a jaw crusher, an aluminum ash conveyor, a crusher, a gravity dust collector, a cyclone separator, a material elevator, a calcium aluminate roasting furnace, a roasted material conveyor and a calcium aluminate finished product warehouse; the invention also discloses a recovery process: (1) conveying the aluminum ash to a jaw crusher by a flat belt conveyor, and crushing; (2) conveying the mixture to a crusher by an aluminum ash conveyor, crushing and sieving; (3) sequentially passing through a gravity dust collector and a cyclone separator; (4) adding the aluminum-containing slag and limestone into a calcium aluminate roasting furnace by a material lifting machine, and roasting; (5) and conveying the calcined material to a calcium aluminate finished product warehouse by a calcined material conveyor to complete the recovery of the aluminum in the aluminum ash. The invention removes carbide and nitride of aluminum by recycling aluminum particles in aluminum ash, removes chloride and fluoride in the aluminum ash, and recycles the aluminum ash for aluminum smelting, so that the whole aluminum industry and the production of secondary aluminum are environment-friendly and benefit mankind.)
1. An aluminum ash recovery device, comprising: the device comprises a flat belt conveyor, a jaw crusher, an aluminum ash conveyor, a crusher, a gravity dust collector, a cyclone separator, a material elevator, a calcium aluminate roasting furnace, a roasted material conveyor and a calcium aluminate finished product warehouse;
the flat belt conveyor is sequentially connected with the jaw crusher, the aluminum ash conveyor, the crusher, the gravity dust collector, the cyclone separator, the material elevator, the calcium aluminate roasting furnace, the roasted material conveyor and the calcium aluminate finished product warehouse;
the gravity dust collector is also connected with the material lifting machine.
2. The aluminum ash recovery device according to claim 1, further comprising a kiln ash settling chamber, an induced draft fan I, a bag-type dust collector I and an exhaust funnel I;
the calcium aluminate roasting furnace is sequentially connected with the kiln ash settling chamber, the induced draft fan I, the bag-type dust collector I and the exhaust funnel I.
3. The aluminum ash recovery device of claim 2, further comprising a draught fan II, a bag-type dust collector II, a hydrator, a water cooling tower, a sulfuric acid washing tower, an ammonium sulfate crystallization tank, an ammonium sulfate centrifugal filter and an ammonium sulfate packing machine;
the cyclone separator is sequentially connected with the draught fan II, the bag-type dust collector II, the hydrator, the water cooling tower, the sulfuric acid washing tower, the ammonium sulfate crystallization tank, the ammonium sulfate centrifugal filter and the ammonium sulfate packing machine.
4. The aluminum ash recovery device according to claim 3, further comprising an exhaust funnel II, wherein the exhaust funnel II is connected with the bag-type dust collector II;
the cooling water circulating system is characterized by further comprising a cooling water circulating tank and a cooling water circulating pump, wherein the water cooling tower is sequentially connected with the cooling water circulating tank and the cooling water circulating pump, and the cooling water circulating pump is connected with the water cooling tower;
the washing device is characterized by further comprising a sulfuric acid washing circulating tank and a sulfuric acid washing circulating pump, wherein the sulfuric acid washing tower is sequentially connected with the sulfuric acid washing circulating tank and the sulfuric acid washing circulating pump, and the sulfuric acid washing circulating pump is connected with the sulfuric acid washing tower.
5. The aluminum ash recovery device according to claim 4, further comprising an acetylene gas delivery fan and an acetylene gas holder;
the sulfuric acid washing tower is sequentially connected with the acetylene gas conveying fan and the acetylene gas cabinet.
6. The aluminum ash recovery device according to claim 5, further comprising a mortar pump, a mortar collecting tank, a mortar pressurizing pump and a mortar plate and frame filter press;
the hydrator is sequentially connected with the mortar pump, the mortar collecting tank, the mortar pressurizing pump and the mortar plate-and-frame filter press.
7. The aluminum ash recovery device of claim 6, further comprising a chloride solution storage tank, a chloride solution charging pump, a chloride solution four-effect evaporator, a chloride solution crystallizing tank, a chloride crystallizing centrifugal filter and a chloride packaging machine;
the mortar plate-and-frame filter press is sequentially connected with the chloride solution storage tank, the chloride solution charging pump, the chloride solution four-effect evaporator, the chloride solution crystallization tank, the chloride crystallization centrifugal filter and the chloride packaging machine.
8. The aluminum ash recovery device of claim 7, further comprising a fluorochloride conveyor, a fluorochloride processor, a fluorochloride conveying pump, a fluorochloride liquid storage tank, a fluorochloride pressurizing pump and an aluminum ash pressurizing pump;
the chloride packaging machine is sequentially connected with the fluorine chloride conveyor, the fluorine chloride processor, the fluorine chloride conveying pump, the fluorine chloride liquid storage tank, the fluorine chloride pressure pump and the aluminum ash pressure pump;
the kiln dust settling chamber is also connected with the fluorine chloride processor, and the fluorine chloride pressurizing pump is also connected with the fluorine chloride liquid storage tank.
9. The recycling process of the aluminum ash recycling device according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) conveying the aluminum ash to a jaw crusher by a flat belt conveyor, and crushing to obtain aluminum ash;
(2) conveying the aluminum ash slag to a crusher by an aluminum ash conveyor, crushing and sieving to obtain aluminum ash fine powder;
(3) sequentially passing the fine aluminum ash powder through a gravity dust collector and a cyclone separator to obtain aluminum-containing slag and aluminum-free slag;
(4) adding the aluminum-containing slag and limestone into a calcium aluminate roasting furnace by a material lifting machine, and roasting to obtain calcium aluminate;
(5) and conveying the calcium aluminate to a calcium aluminate finished product warehouse by a roasting material conveyor, namely completing the recovery of the aluminum in the aluminum ash.
10. The recycling process of an aluminum ash recycling device according to claim 9, wherein in the step (1), the particle size of the aluminum ash is 4-5 mm; in the step (2), the mesh number of the sieved screen is 100 meshes.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization, in particular to an aluminum ash recovery device and a recovery process thereof.
Background
The metal aluminum is a metal with small density, high specific strength, strong oxidation resistance and good electric and heat conducting properties, is widely applied to the industries of aerospace, weaponry, electric power communication, transportation, electronic technical equipment, chemical machinery, building and the like, and plays an important role in national economic construction.
China is the largest metal aluminum producing country and consuming country all over the world, the production capacity reaches 6000 million tons per year, and the actual production capacity also reaches 3600 million tons per year and 4500 million tons per year. Meanwhile, China is the biggest renewable aluminum producing country all over the world. China has abundant bauxite resources, but the demand of domestic high-speed economic development cannot be met, and bauxite needs to be imported from China such as Australia in large quantity every year to meet the demand of metal aluminum production.
The production of raw aluminum and alumina in China is mainly distributed in the provinces of the distribution of a part of bauxite resources in China, such as: shandong Zibo Dong aluminum plant mainly produces alumina and electrolytic aluminum, and there are also some small and medium-sized aluminum plants near it; the great wall aluminum industry in Henan province is built near the consolidation and dense county where the bauxite reserves are rich, the Henan province also has the Zhongzhou aluminum industry, the aluminum industry expected to be built in Mianchi by groups, and aluminum factories such as New Ming, consolidation, three gorges and the like; in addition, as in Shanxi aluminum industry of Shanxi, the bauxite base is established in the Xiaozai city in the middle of Shanxi, and the raw aluminum production is established in the Hejin city with rich energy and abundant hydraulic resources; in addition, Shandong Lu Neng group, in Xinzhou where bauxite resources are rich, Lu Neng aluminum industry which produces both raw material alumina and raw aluminum is built, in China aluminum industry and Xinzhou, new raw aluminum and electrolytic aluminum production bases are being built, and in Shanxi Yang quan's million Fu aluminum industry and Yucheng Guangong aluminum industry which are rich in bauxite resources, production bases are built; in the southwest of China, the Chinese aluminum industry group utilizes rich water resources in Guizhou province and the advantages of bauxite resources and coal resources in the gold-weaving area in Guizhou province, and establishes a Guiyang aluminum factory of a large enterprise to produce aluminum oxide and electrolytic aluminum. The Chinese aluminum industry builds a part of large and medium-sized electrolytic aluminum plants in Guangxi, Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia, etc., which have abundant power resources.
In the aspect of the recycled aluminum, the Changeu city in Henan province in China is the largest recycled aluminum recycling base in China, and a part of recycled aluminum manufacturers exist in the fields of consolidation of Henan province and the like. And the recycling of the aluminum ash which is a byproduct of the electrolytic aluminum and the regenerated aluminum plant is distributed in the consolidation areas of Henan, and other areas, and in Shanxi Wanrong partial enterprises near the Shanxi aluminum plant.
Recently, due to different energy resource conditions and different environmental protection monitoring degrees in different places, aluminum ash in places such as Henan is utilized, and parts of regenerated aluminum plants are transferred, such as aluminum extraction by consolidated aluminum ash, manufacturers for producing alloy steel protective slag by aluminum ash are transferred to places such as Shanxi and Jiang county, and parts of Shandong regenerated aluminum plants are transferred to places such as Yunnan and the like with rich power resources and relatively loose environmental protection monitoring degree.
Aluminum ash is produced from aluminum electrolysis and secondary aluminum smelting processes, 50-70kg of aluminum ash is produced per ton of aluminum, wherein the aluminum ash contains about 10% of metal aluminum, the content of aluminum oxide reaches 60% -70%, and 10% of aluminum carbide and aluminum nitride are also produced. Besides, the aluminum ash also contains partial chloride with the content of about 3% -5%, such as KCl, NaCl and MgCl2(ii) a Further fluoride, such as NaF, KF, MgF, in amounts of about 5% to about 8%2、Na3AlF6And LiF, etc. KCl in chloride is an important strategic material which is lacked in China, millions of KCl in the chloride are imported from Russia, Israel, Canada and other countries to be used for domestic potash fertilizer and other industrial production every year, the national dependence on foreign countries reaches over 50 percent every year, and China also spends huge capital in Laos to build a large-scale KCl mining and mineral-based land every year. Containing KCl, NaCl and MgCl2After the aluminum ash is discharged at will, the chloride is very soluble in water and enters an underground human and animal drinking water system, and after the salt containing the chloride is introduced, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are very easily induced, so that the environment is greatly damaged. Most of fluoride in the aluminum ash is toxic substances, is dissolved in water and enters a groundwater system like chloride, so that bones are embrittled when people and animals drink the aluminum ash, and the aluminum ash causes great harm to human health. In addition, the production process of fluoride salt is easy to cause environmental pollution, and the fluoride salt has the advantages of being provided with a perfect environment-friendly measure, small in fluoride solubility, low in production efficiency in the recycling process, high in recycling energy consumption, complex in recycling device and extremely high in treatment cost.
The main utilization method of the aluminum ash is to crush the aluminum ash, separate out the aluminum in the aluminum ash, and carry out pyrometallurgy to extract the aluminum, wherein a part of residual slag and lime are roasted by a rotary kiln to produce casting powder for alloy steel smelting or cement production additives and accelerating agents, other utilization methods which are not updated better are not adopted, and a large amount of aluminum ash is not utilized and poured or buried.
At present, because an effective aluminum ash scientific treatment method does not exist, only individual factories extract aluminum from the aluminum ash for sale; in addition, the residue after aluminum extraction is added into quick lime and roasted by a rotary kiln, and the burnt calcium aluminate component is used as a raw material of the covering slag for alloy steel smelting, a cement additive and an accelerating agent for utilization. For the two aluminum slags, the chloride and fluoride contents are high, and the environment is greatly damaged.
Therefore, the recycling of aluminum ash is currently seriously delayed and needs to be solved urgently. In addition, the content of the alumina in the aluminum ash is still large, and the recovered alumina in the aluminum ash has great significance for recycling resources, and is imperative.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an aluminum ash recycling device and a recycling process thereof to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an aluminum ash recovery device, comprising: the device comprises a flat belt conveyor, a jaw crusher, an aluminum ash conveyor, a crusher, a gravity dust collector, a cyclone separator, a material elevator, a calcium aluminate roasting furnace, a roasted material conveyor and a calcium aluminate finished product warehouse;
wherein, the flat belt conveyer is connected with a jaw crusher, an aluminum ash conveyer, a crusher, a gravity dust remover, a cyclone separator, a material lifter, a calcium aluminate roasting furnace, a roasted material conveyer and a calcium aluminate finished product warehouse in sequence; the gravity dust collector is also connected with the material lifting machine.
Further, above-mentioned aluminium ash recovery unit still includes cellar for storing things ash deposit room, draught fan I, sack cleaner I and aiutage I, and specifically, the calcium aluminate bakes burning furnace and is connected with cellar for storing things ash deposit room, draught fan I, sack cleaner I and aiutage I in proper order.
The technical scheme has the advantages that under the high temperature of the calcium aluminate roasting furnace, fluoride in the aluminum ash volatilizes, the aluminum ash enters the kiln ash settling chamber under the action of flue gas flow to be collected and enters the fluorochloride processor to be further processed, and a small amount of fine ash and fine aluminum ash containing fluoride which does not volatilize enter the bag-type dust collector I to be collected and recycled under the pumping and pressure conveying of the draught fan I.
Further, the aluminum ash recovery device further comprises a draught fan II, a bag-type dust collector II, a hydrator, a water cooling tower, a sulfuric acid washing tower, an ammonium sulfate crystallization tank, an ammonium sulfate centrifugal filter and an ammonium sulfate packing machine, and specifically, the cyclone separator is sequentially connected with the draught fan II, the bag-type dust collector II, the hydrator, the water cooling tower, the sulfuric acid washing tower, the ammonium sulfate crystallization tank, the ammonium sulfate centrifugal filter and the ammonium sulfate packing machine.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further technical scheme are that the aluminum-free slag enters the hydrator through the draught fan II and the bag-type dust collector II, contacts with water at 50-80 ℃ and generates hydration reaction, a large amount of heat is generated in the reaction process to promote the hydration reaction to be further intensified, high-temperature water vapor above 80-120 ℃, acetylene and ammonia gas are generated, then the water vapor enters the water cooling tower and the sulfuric acid washing tower in sequence to be cooled and absorbed by sulfuric acid to generate ammonium sulfate, and finally the ammonium sulfate sequentially passes through the ammonium sulfate crystallizing tank, the ammonium sulfate centrifugal filter and the ammonium sulfate packing machine to be crystallized, recovered, cooled and packed, so that an ammonium sulfate finished product is obtained.
Further, the aluminum ash recovery device also comprises an exhaust funnel II, and specifically, the exhaust funnel II is connected with a bag-type dust collector II; the cooling water circulating system comprises a cooling water circulating tank, a cooling water circulating pump, a water cooling tower and a water cooling tower, wherein the cooling water circulating tank is connected with the water cooling tower; the device comprises a sulfuric acid washing circulating tank, a sulfuric acid washing circulating pump, a sulfuric acid washing tower and a sulfuric acid washing circulating pump, wherein the sulfuric acid washing circulating tank is connected with the sulfuric acid washing circulating pump, and the sulfuric acid washing circulating pump is connected with the sulfuric acid washing tower.
The further technical scheme has the advantages that the exhaust funnel II is used for removing fine dust; through the arrangement of the cooling water circulation tank and the cooling water circulation pump, high-temperature water vapor, acetylene and ammonia gas can be conveniently and rapidly cooled in a water cooling tower in a circulating manner; through the arrangement of the sulfuric acid washing circulating tank and the sulfuric acid washing circulating pump, the ammonia gas can be conveniently and rapidly circulated in the sulfuric acid washing tower to generate ammonium sulfate.
Further, above-mentioned aluminum ash recovery unit still includes acetylene gas and carries fan and acetylene gas cabinet, and is specific, and sulphuric acid scrubbing tower is connected with acetylene gas and carries fan and acetylene gas cabinet in proper order.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further technical scheme lies in that, the acetylene gas after the cooling purification passes through acetylene gas conveying fan and gets into the acetylene gas cabinet and store and wait to sell.
Further, the aluminum ash recovery device also comprises a mortar pump, a mortar collecting tank, a mortar pressurizing pump and a mortar plate-and-frame filter press, and specifically, the hydrator is connected with the mortar pump, the mortar collecting tank, the mortar pressurizing pump and the mortar plate-and-frame filter press in sequence.
The method has the beneficial effects that the mortar after hydration reaction enters a mortar collecting tank through a mortar pump, and then enters a mortar plate-and-frame filter press through a mortar pressure pump for filter pressing to respectively obtain chloride solution and fluorochloride ash.
Further, the aluminum ash recovery device further comprises a chloride solution storage tank, a chloride solution charging pump, a chloride solution four-effect evaporator, a chloride solution crystallization tank, a chloride crystallization centrifugal filter and a chloride packaging machine, and specifically, the mortar plate-and-frame filter press is sequentially connected with the chloride solution storage tank, the chloride solution charging pump, the chloride solution four-effect evaporator, the chloride solution crystallization tank, the chloride crystallization centrifugal filter and the chloride packaging machine.
The method has the advantages that the chloride in the aluminum ash is mainly sodium chloride and potassium chloride, the chloride solution obtained after filter pressing is collected in a chloride solution storage tank, then the chloride solution is added into a chloride solution four-effect evaporator through a chloride solution feeding pump for evaporation, and finally crystallization, centrifugation and packaging are performed sequentially through a chloride solution crystallizing tank, a chloride crystallization centrifugal filter and a chloride packaging machine to obtain a chloride finished product.
Further, the aluminum ash recovery device also comprises a fluorine chloride conveyor, a fluorine chloride processor, a fluorine chloride conveying pump, a fluorine chloride liquid storage tank, a fluorine chloride pressure pump and an aluminum ash pressure pump, wherein the chloride packing machine is connected with the fluorine chloride conveyor, the fluorine chloride processor, the fluorine chloride conveying pump, the fluorine chloride liquid storage tank, the fluorine chloride pressure pump and the aluminum ash pressure pump in sequence, the cellar ash settling chamber is also connected with the fluorine chloride processor, and the fluorine chloride pressure pump is also connected with the fluorine chloride liquid storage tank.
The further technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the fluoride in the aluminum ash mainly comprises sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, lithium fluoride, magnesium fluoride and NaAlF4For example, it is not preferable to recover by the solubility method but by the volatilization method. Specifically, the chloride finished product is conveyed into a fluorine chloride processor through a fluorine chloride conveyor, is processed together with fluoride collected in a kiln ash settling chamber, is conveyed to a fluorine chloride liquid storage tank through a fluorine chloride conveying pump, and is subjected to the action of a fluorine chloride pressurizing pump and an aluminum ash pressurizing pump to obtain the fluorine chloride finished product.
A recovery process of the aluminum ash recovery device specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) conveying the aluminum ash to a jaw crusher by a flat belt conveyor, and crushing to obtain aluminum ash;
(2) conveying the aluminum ash slag to a crusher by an aluminum ash conveyor, crushing and sieving to obtain aluminum ash fine powder;
(3) sequentially passing the fine aluminum ash powder through a gravity dust collector and a cyclone separator to obtain aluminum-containing slag and aluminum-free slag;
(4) adding the aluminum-containing slag and limestone into a calcium aluminate roasting furnace by a material lifting machine, and roasting to obtain calcium aluminate;
(5) and conveying the calcium aluminate to a calcium aluminate finished product warehouse by a roasting material conveyor, namely completing the recovery of the aluminum in the aluminum ash.
Further, in the step (1), the particle size of the aluminous ash is 4-5 mm; in the step (2), the mesh number of the sieved mesh is 100 meshes.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method utilizes the characteristic that the aluminum-containing slag in the aluminum ash is harder than the aluminum-free slag, separates the aluminum-containing slag by crushing, and carries out smelting recovery;
2. the method utilizes the characteristic that aluminum carbide and aluminum nitride in the aluminum ash are easy to react with water to generate acetylene and ammonia gas, recovers the acetylene gas through hydration and enters a gas cabinet for utilization (as a heating energy source of the recovery device and the recovery process) or sale, and the ammonia gas is prepared into ammonium sulfate through sulfuric acid (the magnesium carbide and the magnesium nitride in the magnesium refining slag are recovered, and the recovery device and the recovery process can be also adopted to generate the acetylene and the ammonia gas);
3. the aluminum ash from which aluminum, carbide and nitride are removed is contacted with water to remove and recycle chloride which is easy to dissolve in water, the residual aluminum ash is extracted by an alkaline leaching method to obtain aluminum oxide, and residues after alkaline leaching are fluoride which is not easy to dissolve in water;
4. the method utilizes the characteristic that chlorides and fluorides are volatile at high temperature, and recovers the chlorides and fluorides from flue dust in the roasting process of aluminum ash and limestone (a water-soluble evaporation method); in the invention, the chloride and the fluoride can be recovered by a water-soluble anion-cation exchange method or a water-soluble electrodialysis recovery method; mixing the collected chloride and fluoride to prepare aluminum smelting flux or electrolyte;
5. the invention removes carbide and nitride of aluminum by recycling aluminum particles in aluminum ash, removes chloride and fluoride in the aluminum ash, and recycles the aluminum ash for aluminum smelting, so that the whole aluminum industry and the production of secondary aluminum are environment-friendly and benefit mankind.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum ash recovery device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-flat belt conveyer, 2-jaw crusher, 3-aluminum ash conveyer, 4-crusher, 5-gravity dust remover, 6-cyclone separator, 7-induced draft fan II, 8-bag dust remover II, 9-exhaust funnel II, 10-hydrator, 11-mortar pump, 12-mortar collecting tank, 13-mortar pressure pump, 14-mortar plate and frame filter press, 15-water cooling tower, 16-cooling water circulating tank, 17-cooling water circulating pump, 18-sulfuric acid washing tower, 19-sulfuric acid washing circulating tank, 20-sulfuric acid washing circulating pump, 21-ammonium sulfate crystallizing tank, 22-ammonium sulfate centrifugal filter, 23-ammonium sulfate packer, 24-acetylene gas conveying fan, 25-acetylene gas cabinet, 26-chloride solution storage tank, 27-chloride solution charging pump, 28-chloride solution four-effect evaporator, 29-chloride solution crystallizing tank, 30-chloride crystallization centrifugal filter, 31-chloride packaging machine, 32-fluorochloride conveyor, 33-fluorochloride processor, 34-fluorochloride conveying pump, 35-fluorochloride liquid storage tank, 36-fluorochloride pressure pump, 37-aluminum ash pressure pump, 38-material elevator, 39-calcium aluminate roasting furnace, 40-roasting material conveyor, 41-calcium aluminate finished product warehouse, 42-cellar ash settling chamber, 43-induced draft fan I, 44-bag dust collector I and 45-exhaust funnel I.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The embodiment of the invention discloses an aluminum ash recovery device, as shown in figure 1, comprising: the device comprises a flat belt conveyor 1, a jaw crusher 2, an aluminum ash conveyor 3, a pulverizer 4, a gravity dust collector 5, a cyclone separator 6, a material lifter 38, a calcium aluminate roasting furnace 39, a roasted material conveyor 40 and a calcium aluminate finished product warehouse 41; wherein, the flat belt conveyor 1 is connected with a jaw crusher 2, an aluminum ash conveyor 3, a crusher 4, a gravity dust collector 5, a cyclone separator 6, a material lifter 38, a calcium aluminate roasting furnace 39, a roasting material conveyor 40 and a calcium aluminate finished product warehouse 41 in sequence; the gravity dust collector 5 is also connected with the elevator 38. The invention utilizes the characteristic that the aluminum-containing slag in the aluminum ash is harder than the aluminum-free slag, and separates the aluminum-containing slag by crushing for smelting recovery.
In one embodiment, the aluminum ash recovery device further comprises a kiln ash settling chamber 42, an induced draft fan I43, a bag-type dust collector I44 and an exhaust funnel I45, and specifically, the calcium aluminate roasting furnace 39 is sequentially connected with the kiln ash settling chamber 42, the induced draft fan I43, the bag-type dust collector I44 and the exhaust funnel I45. Under the high temperature of the calcium aluminate roasting furnace 39, fluoride in the aluminum ash volatilizes, enters the kiln ash settling chamber 42 under the action of flue gas flow to be collected and further treated in the fluorochlorides processor 33, and a small amount of fine ash and the fine aluminum ash containing the fluoride which does not volatilize enter the bag-type dust collector I44 under the pumping and pressure conveying of the induced draft fan I43 to be collected and recycled.
In one embodiment, the aluminum ash recovery device further comprises an induced draft fan ii 7, a bag-type dust collector ii 8, a hydrator 10, a water cooling tower 15, a sulfuric acid washing tower 18, an ammonium sulfate crystallization tank 21, an ammonium sulfate centrifugal filter 22 and an ammonium sulfate packing machine 23, and specifically, the cyclone separator 6 is connected with the induced draft fan ii 7, the bag-type dust collector ii 8, the hydrator 10, the water cooling tower 15, the sulfuric acid washing tower 18, the ammonium sulfate crystallization tank 21, the ammonium sulfate centrifugal filter 22 and the ammonium sulfate packing machine 23 in sequence. The aluminum-free slag enters a hydrator 10 through an induced draft fan II 7 and a bag-type dust collector II 8, contacts with water at 50-80 ℃ and generates hydration reaction, a large amount of heat is generated in the reaction process to promote the hydration reaction to be further intensified, high-temperature water vapor, acetylene and ammonia gas at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ are generated, then the high-temperature water vapor, the acetylene and the ammonia gas sequentially enter a water cooling tower 15 and a sulfuric acid washing tower 18 to be cooled and absorbed by sulfuric acid to generate ammonium sulfate, and finally the ammonium sulfate sequentially passes through an ammonium sulfate crystallizing tank 21, an ammonium sulfate centrifugal filter 22 and an ammonium sulfate packing machine 23 to be crystallized, recovered, cooled and packed to obtain an ammonium sulfate finished product.
In one embodiment, the aluminum ash recovery device further comprises an exhaust funnel II 9, and specifically, the exhaust funnel II 9 is connected with a bag-type dust collector II 8; the cooling system further comprises a cooling water circulation tank 16 and a cooling water circulation pump 17, specifically, the water cooling tower 15 is sequentially connected with the cooling water circulation tank 16 and the cooling water circulation pump 17, and the cooling water circulation pump 17 is connected with the water cooling tower 15; the device also comprises a sulfuric acid washing circulating tank 19 and a sulfuric acid washing circulating pump 20, specifically, the sulfuric acid washing tower 18 is sequentially connected with the sulfuric acid washing circulating tank 19 and the sulfuric acid washing circulating pump 20, and the sulfuric acid washing circulating pump 20 is further connected with the sulfuric acid washing tower 18. The exhaust funnel II 9 is used for removing fine dust; through the arrangement of the cooling water circulation tank 16 and the cooling water circulation pump 17, the high-temperature water vapor, acetylene and ammonia gas can be conveniently and rapidly cooled in the water cooling tower 15 in a circulating manner; through the arrangement of the sulfuric acid washing circulating tank 19 and the sulfuric acid washing circulating pump 20, the ammonia gas can be conveniently and rapidly circulated in the sulfuric acid washing tower 18 to generate ammonium sulfate.
In one embodiment, the aluminum ash recovery device further comprises an acetylene gas delivery fan 24 and an acetylene gas holder 25, and specifically, the sulfuric acid scrubber 18 is connected with the acetylene gas delivery fan 24 and the acetylene gas holder 25 in sequence. The cooled and purified acetylene gas enters an acetylene gas cabinet 25 through an acetylene gas conveying fan 24 to be stored for sale. The method utilizes the characteristic that aluminum carbide and aluminum nitride in the aluminum ash are easy to react with water to generate acetylene and ammonia gas, recovers the acetylene gas through hydration and enters a gas cabinet for utilization (as a heating energy source of the recovery device and the recovery process) or sale, and the ammonia gas is prepared into ammonium sulfate through sulfuric acid (the magnesium carbide and the magnesium nitride in the magnesium refining slag are recovered, and the recovery device and the recovery process can be also adopted to generate the acetylene and the ammonia gas).
In one embodiment, the aluminum ash recovery apparatus further comprises an ash slurry pump 11, a mortar collecting tank 12, a mortar pressurizing pump 13 and a mortar plate and frame filter press 14, and specifically, the hydrator 10 is connected to the ash slurry pump 11, the mortar collecting tank 12, the mortar pressurizing pump 13 and the mortar plate and frame filter press 14 in sequence.
In one embodiment, the aluminum ash recovery device further comprises a chloride solution storage tank 26, a chloride solution adding pump 27, a chloride solution four-effect evaporator 28, a chloride solution crystallizing tank 29, a chloride crystallization centrifugal filter 30 and a chloride packing machine 31, and specifically, the mortar plate and frame filter press 14 is connected with the chloride solution storage tank 26, the chloride solution adding pump 27, the chloride solution four-effect evaporator 28, the chloride solution crystallizing tank 29, the chloride crystallization centrifugal filter 30 and the chloride packing machine 31 in sequence. The chloride in the aluminum ash is mainly sodium chloride and potassium chloride, the chloride solution obtained after filter pressing is collected in a chloride solution storage tank 26, then the chloride solution is added into a chloride solution four-effect evaporator 28 through a chloride solution adding pump 27 for evaporation, and finally crystallization, centrifugation and packaging are carried out sequentially through a chloride solution crystallizing tank 29, a chloride crystallization centrifugal filter 30 and a chloride packaging machine 31, so as to obtain the chloride finished product.
In one embodiment, the aluminum ash recovery apparatus further comprises a fluorochloride conveyor 32, a fluorochloride processor 33, a fluorochloride conveying pump 34, a fluorochloride liquid storage tank 35, a fluorochloride pressurizing pump 36 and an aluminum ash pressurizing pump 37, and specifically, the chloride packing machine 31 is connected to the fluorochloride conveyor 32, the fluorochloride processor 33, the fluorochloride conveying pump 34, the fluorochloride liquid storage tank 35, the fluorochloride pressurizing pump 36 and the aluminum ash pressurizing pump 37 in sequence, the kiln ash settling chamber 42 is also connected to the fluorochloride processor 33, and the fluorochloride pressurizing pump 36 is also connected to the fluorochloride liquid storage tank 35. The fluoride in the aluminum ash is mainly sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, lithium fluoride, magnesium fluoride and NaAlF4For example, it is not preferable to recover by the solubility method but by the volatilization method. Specifically, the chloride finished product is conveyed to a fluorochloride processor 33 through a fluorochloride conveyor 32, is processed together with fluoride collected in a kiln ash settling chamber 42, is conveyed to a fluorochloride liquid storage tank 35 through a fluorochloride conveying pump 34, and is subjected to the action of a fluorochloride pressurizing pump 36 and an aluminum ash pressurizing pump 37 to obtain the fluorochloride finished product. The aluminum ash from which aluminum, carbide and nitride are removed is contacted with water to remove and recycle chloride which is easy to dissolve in water, the residual aluminum ash is extracted by an alkaline leaching method to obtain aluminum oxide, and residues after alkaline leaching are fluoride which is not easy to dissolve in water; using chlorides and fluorides at high temperaturesThe characteristic of easy volatilization is that in the roasting process of the aluminum ash and the limestone, chloride and fluoride are recovered from flue ash, and the chloride and the fluoride are collected and mixed to prepare the aluminum smelting flux.
Example 1
A recovery process of an aluminum ash recovery device specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) recovery of aluminium from aluminium ash
(11) Conveying the aluminum ash to a jaw crusher 2 by a flat belt conveyor 1, and crushing to obtain aluminum ash with the particle size of 4 mm;
(12) conveying the aluminum ash slag to a pulverizer 4 by an aluminum ash conveyor 3, pulverizing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain aluminum ash fine powder;
(13) sequentially passing the fine aluminum ash powder through a gravity dust collector 5 and a cyclone separator 6 to obtain aluminum-containing slag and aluminum-free slag;
(14) adding the aluminum-containing slag and limestone into a calcium aluminate roasting furnace 39 through a material lifting machine 38, and roasting to obtain calcium aluminate;
under the high temperature of the calcium aluminate roasting furnace 39, fluoride in the aluminum ash volatilizes, enters the kiln ash settling chamber 42 under the action of flue gas flow to be collected and further treated in the fluorochloride processor 33, and a small amount of fine ash and the fine aluminum ash containing the fluoride which does not volatilize enter the bag-type dust collector I44 under the pumping and pressure conveying of the induced draft fan I43 to be collected and recycled;
(15) conveying the calcium aluminate to a calcium aluminate finished product warehouse 41 by a roasting material conveyor 40 to complete the recovery of aluminum in the aluminum ash;
(2) recovery of gases from aluminium ash
(21) Enabling the aluminum-free slag to enter a hydrator 10 through an induced draft fan II 7 and a bag-type dust collector II 8, contacting with water at 60 ℃ and carrying out hydration reaction, generating a large amount of heat in the reaction process to promote the hydration reaction to be further intensified, generating high-temperature water vapor, acetylene and ammonia gas at the temperature of more than 100 ℃, then sequentially entering a water cooling tower 15 and a sulfuric acid washing tower 18 to carry out cooling and sulfuric acid absorption to produce ammonium sulfate, and finally carrying out crystallization recovery, cooling and packaging on the ammonium sulfate sequentially through an ammonium sulfate crystallizing tank 21, an ammonium sulfate centrifugal filter 22 and an ammonium sulfate packaging machine 23 to obtain an ammonium sulfate finished product;
(22) the cooled and purified acetylene gas enters an acetylene gas cabinet 25 through an acetylene gas conveying fan 24 to be stored for sale;
(3) recovery of chloride from aluminium ash
(31) Firstly, mortar after hydration reaction enters a mortar collecting tank 12 through an mortar pump 11, and then enters a mortar plate-and-frame filter press 14 through a mortar pressure pump 13 for filter pressing to respectively obtain a chloride solution and fluorochloride ash;
(32) collecting the chloride solution obtained after filter pressing in a chloride solution storage tank 26, adding the chloride solution into a chloride solution four-effect evaporator 28 through a chloride solution adding pump 27 for evaporation, and finally crystallizing, centrifuging and packaging through a chloride solution crystallizing tank 29, a chloride crystallization centrifugal filter 30 and a chloride packaging machine 31 in sequence to obtain a chloride finished product;
(4) recovery of fluoride from aluminum ash
The chloride finished product is conveyed into a fluorine chloride processor 33 through a fluorine chloride conveyor 32, is processed together with fluoride collected in a cellar ash settling chamber 42, is conveyed to a fluorine chloride liquid storage tank 35 through a fluorine chloride conveying pump 34, and is subjected to the action of a fluorine chloride pressure pump 36 and an aluminum ash pressure pump 37 to obtain the fluorine chloride finished product.
Example 2
A recovery process of an aluminum ash recovery device specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) recovery of aluminium from aluminium ash
(11) Conveying the aluminum ash to a jaw crusher 2 by a flat belt conveyor 1, and crushing to obtain aluminum ash with the particle size of 4 mm;
(12) conveying the aluminum ash slag to a pulverizer 4 by an aluminum ash conveyor 3, pulverizing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain aluminum ash fine powder;
(13) sequentially passing the fine aluminum ash powder through a gravity dust collector 5 and a cyclone separator 6 to obtain aluminum-containing slag and aluminum-free slag;
(14) adding the aluminum-containing slag and limestone into a calcium aluminate roasting furnace 39 through a material lifting machine 38, and roasting to obtain calcium aluminate;
under the high temperature of the calcium aluminate roasting furnace 39, fluoride in the aluminum ash volatilizes, enters the kiln ash settling chamber 42 under the action of flue gas flow to be collected and further treated in the fluorochloride processor 33, and a small amount of fine ash and the fine aluminum ash containing the fluoride which does not volatilize enter the bag-type dust collector I44 under the pumping and pressure conveying of the induced draft fan I43 to be collected and recycled;
(15) conveying the calcium aluminate to a calcium aluminate finished product warehouse 41 by a roasting material conveyor 40 to complete the recovery of aluminum in the aluminum ash;
(2) recovery of gases from aluminium ash
(21) Enabling the aluminum-free slag to enter a hydrator 10 through an induced draft fan II 7 and a bag-type dust collector II 8, contacting with water at 50 ℃ and carrying out hydration reaction, generating a large amount of heat in the reaction process to promote the hydration reaction to be further intensified, generating high-temperature water vapor, acetylene and ammonia gas at the temperature of more than 80 ℃, then sequentially entering a water cooling tower 15 and a sulfuric acid washing tower 18 to carry out cooling and sulfuric acid absorption to produce ammonium sulfate, and finally carrying out crystallization recovery, cooling and packaging on the ammonium sulfate sequentially through an ammonium sulfate crystallizing tank 21, an ammonium sulfate centrifugal filter 22 and an ammonium sulfate packaging machine 23 to obtain an ammonium sulfate finished product;
(22) the cooled and purified acetylene gas enters an acetylene gas cabinet 25 through an acetylene gas conveying fan 24 to be stored for sale;
(3) recovery of chloride from aluminium ash
(31) Firstly, mortar after hydration reaction enters a mortar collecting tank 12 through an mortar pump 11, and then enters a mortar plate-and-frame filter press 14 through a mortar pressure pump 13 for filter pressing to respectively obtain a chloride solution and fluorochloride ash;
(32) collecting the chloride solution obtained after filter pressing in a chloride solution storage tank 26, adding the chloride solution into a chloride solution four-effect evaporator 28 through a chloride solution adding pump 27 for evaporation, and finally crystallizing, centrifuging and packaging through a chloride solution crystallizing tank 29, a chloride crystallization centrifugal filter 30 and a chloride packaging machine 31 in sequence to obtain a chloride finished product;
(4) recovery of fluoride from aluminum ash
The chloride finished product is conveyed into a fluorine chloride processor 33 through a fluorine chloride conveyor 32, is processed together with fluoride collected in a cellar ash settling chamber 42, is conveyed to a fluorine chloride liquid storage tank 35 through a fluorine chloride conveying pump 34, and is subjected to the action of a fluorine chloride pressure pump 36 and an aluminum ash pressure pump 37 to obtain the fluorine chloride finished product.
Example 3
A recovery process of an aluminum ash recovery device specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) recovery of aluminium from aluminium ash
(11) Conveying the aluminum ash to a jaw crusher 2 by a flat belt conveyor 1, and crushing to obtain aluminum ash with the particle size of 5 mm;
(12) conveying the aluminum ash slag to a pulverizer 4 by an aluminum ash conveyor 3, pulverizing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain aluminum ash fine powder;
(13) sequentially passing the fine aluminum ash powder through a gravity dust collector 5 and a cyclone separator 6 to obtain aluminum-containing slag and aluminum-free slag;
(14) adding the aluminum-containing slag and limestone into a calcium aluminate roasting furnace 39 through a material lifting machine 38, and roasting to obtain calcium aluminate;
under the high temperature of the calcium aluminate roasting furnace 39, fluoride in the aluminum ash volatilizes, enters the kiln ash settling chamber 42 under the action of flue gas flow to be collected and further treated in the fluorochloride processor 33, and a small amount of fine ash and the fine aluminum ash containing the fluoride which does not volatilize enter the bag-type dust collector I44 under the pumping and pressure conveying of the induced draft fan I43 to be collected and recycled;
(15) conveying the calcium aluminate to a calcium aluminate finished product warehouse 41 by a roasting material conveyor 40 to complete the recovery of aluminum in the aluminum ash;
(2) recovery of gases from aluminium ash
(21) Enabling the aluminum-free slag to enter a hydrator 10 through an induced draft fan II 7 and a bag-type dust collector II 8, contacting with water at 80 ℃ and carrying out hydration reaction, generating a large amount of heat in the reaction process to promote the hydration reaction to be further intensified, generating high-temperature water vapor at the temperature of more than 120 ℃, acetylene and ammonia gas, then sequentially entering a water cooling tower 15 and a sulfuric acid washing tower 18 to carry out cooling and sulfuric acid absorption to produce ammonium sulfate, and finally carrying out crystallization recovery, cooling and packaging on the ammonium sulfate sequentially through an ammonium sulfate crystallizing tank 21, an ammonium sulfate centrifugal filter 22 and an ammonium sulfate packaging machine 23 to obtain an ammonium sulfate finished product;
(22) the cooled and purified acetylene gas enters an acetylene gas cabinet 25 through an acetylene gas conveying fan 24 to be stored for sale;
(3) recovery of chloride from aluminium ash
(31) Firstly, mortar after hydration reaction enters a mortar collecting tank 12 through an mortar pump 11, and then enters a mortar plate-and-frame filter press 14 through a mortar pressure pump 13 for filter pressing to respectively obtain a chloride solution and fluorochloride ash;
(32) collecting the chloride solution obtained after filter pressing in a chloride solution storage tank 26, adding the chloride solution into a chloride solution four-effect evaporator 28 through a chloride solution adding pump 27 for evaporation, and finally crystallizing, centrifuging and packaging through a chloride solution crystallizing tank 29, a chloride crystallization centrifugal filter 30 and a chloride packaging machine 31 in sequence to obtain a chloride finished product;
(4) recovery of fluoride from aluminum ash
The chloride finished product is conveyed into a fluorine chloride processor 33 through a fluorine chloride conveyor 32, is processed together with fluoride collected in a cellar ash settling chamber 42, is conveyed to a fluorine chloride liquid storage tank 35 through a fluorine chloride conveying pump 34, and is subjected to the action of a fluorine chloride pressure pump 36 and an aluminum ash pressure pump 37 to obtain the fluorine chloride finished product.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention removes carbide and nitride of aluminum by recycling aluminum particles in aluminum ash, removes chloride and fluoride in the aluminum ash, and recycles the aluminum ash for aluminum smelting, so that the whole aluminum industry and the production of secondary aluminum are environment-friendly and benefit mankind.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.