阅读说明：本技术 一种内孔的耐磨合金激光熔覆方法 (Wear-resistant alloy laser cladding method for inner hole ) 是由 侯俊明 于 2021-07-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于深海采油机械技术领域,尤其是一种内孔的耐磨合金激光熔覆方法,现提出以下方案,包括内孔激光熔覆枪、激光器、送粉器和熔池,所述内孔激光熔覆枪的输出端设置有同轴送粉熔覆头,且熔池位于同轴送粉熔覆头的正下方,所述送粉器输出端连接有四流分粉器；包括以下步骤：S1：清洁：用丙酮或酒精,擦拭工件表面；S2：放置并预热：将工件放置在内孔激光熔覆枪的正下方,用同轴送粉熔覆头正对着内孔,将工件预热至100～150℃。本发明通过采用特殊改装过的内孔激光熔覆枪头,能够对中小孔径工件内壁进行熔覆堆焊,采用粉末合金的焊材型式,将粉末通过激光熔覆的方式进行内孔的堆焊,熔覆层与基体之间形成良好的冶金结合。(The invention belongs to the technical field of deep sea oil production machinery, in particular to a wear-resistant alloy laser cladding method for an inner hole, and the following scheme is provided, wherein the wear-resistant alloy laser cladding method comprises an inner hole laser cladding gun, a laser, a powder feeder and a molten pool, the output end of the inner hole laser cladding gun is provided with a coaxial powder feeding cladding head, the molten pool is positioned under the coaxial powder feeding cladding head, and the output end of the powder feeder is connected with a four-flow powder distributor; the method comprises the following steps: s1: cleaning: wiping the surface of the workpiece by using acetone or alcohol; s2: placing and preheating: placing a workpiece under an inner hole laser cladding gun, facing the inner hole with a coaxial powder feeding cladding head, and preheating the workpiece to 100-150 ℃. According to the invention, through adopting the specially modified inner hole laser cladding gun head, cladding and surfacing can be carried out on the inner wall of a workpiece with a medium and small aperture, the inner hole is surfaced by adopting a welding material type of powder alloy in a laser cladding mode, and a good metallurgical bonding is formed between the cladding layer and the matrix.)

1. A wear-resistant alloy laser cladding method of an inner hole comprises an inner hole laser cladding gun (14), a laser (8), a powder feeder (12) and a molten pool (6), and is characterized in that a coaxial powder feeding cladding head (2) is arranged at the output end of the inner hole laser cladding gun (14), the molten pool (6) is positioned under the coaxial powder feeding cladding head (2), and the output end of the powder feeder (2) is connected with a four-flow powder distributor (13); the method comprises the following steps:

s1: cleaning: wiping the surface of the workpiece by using acetone or alcohol;

s2: placing and preheating: placing a workpiece under an inner hole laser cladding gun (14), using a coaxial powder feeding cladding head (2) to face the inner hole, and preheating the workpiece to 100-150 ℃;

s3: powder feeding: the powder feeder (12) generates powder feeding gas (1), and the powder feeding gas (1) feeds alloy powder into a laser beam (3) generated by a laser (8) from a coaxial powder feeding cladding head (2) through the powder feeding gas (1);

s4: focusing: focusing at a position 20mm away from the workpiece to form an alloy molten pool, moving the workpiece according to a certain speed to form a track molten pool, and forming a cladding layer on the surface of the workpiece;

s5: nondestructive testing: PT detects the welding defect condition of the surface of the cladding layer, UT detects the internal surfacing quality condition of the cladding layer, and welding defects such as air holes, incomplete fusion and cracks.

2. The laser cladding method of wear-resistant alloy for inner bores of claim 1, wherein in S2, the preheating is performed by using a ceramic resistor or a resistance furnace.

3. The laser cladding method of wear-resistant alloy of inner bore according to claim 1, characterized in that laser power of said laser (8) is 3KW, laser beam (3): the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder (12) of the semiconductor is 40-70 g/min, the light spot range is 10-20mm, the efficiency is 0.65 square meter per hour to 1.25 square meter per hour, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 0.5-3 m.

4. The laser cladding method of the wear-resistant alloy of the inner hole, which is characterized in that shielding gas (4) is arranged on two sides of the laser beam (3), and a powder flow (5) is formed inside the coaxial powder feeding cladding head (2).

5. The laser cladding method of the wear-resistant alloy for the inner hole, which is disclosed by claim 4, is characterized in that the four-flow powder divider (13) divides powder into four parts to enter the inner hole laser cladding gun (14), and a position monitor (10) and a temperature measuring instrument (15) are respectively arranged on two sides of the inner hole laser cladding gun (14).

6. The laser cladding method of the wear-resistant alloy for the inner hole, which is recited in claim 1, wherein the inner hole laser cladding gun (14) comprises an outer wall of an elongated cladding gun, a forced water cooling structure of a welding cladding gun, a high temperature resistant cladding nozzle, a deep hole extension pipe, a shielding gas loop pipe and a cable assembly.

7. The laser cladding method of wear-resistant alloy of an inner hole according to claim 5, wherein after cladding is finished, heat preservation asbestos or a heat preservation furnace is adopted for post heat preservation.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of deep sea oil extraction machinery, in particular to a wear-resistant alloy laser cladding method for an inner hole.

Background

In the fields of mining and deep sea petroleum machinery, the wear-resistant.

The conventional inner wall cladding process has wider selectivity, such as the surfacing processes of GMAW, FACW, SMAW, SAW, GTAW and the like can meet the requirements, in the inner wall of the pipeline or the product with the medium and small diameter (such as an anti-abrasion sleeve and an extrusion sleeve), the size of the inner cavity and the type of the welding material limit, the equipment of the welding method can not reach the inner cavity for overlaying and cladding, such as the wear-resistant cladding of Stellite1#6 alloy, the alloy welding material has high hardness which can reach more than or equal to 38 HRC and 48HRC, the type of the welding material is generally cast into a bar, therefore, manual electric arc welding electrodes and argon arc welding (SMAW, GTAW) are adopted, the inner diameter requirement of cladding can be at least 300mmX300mmX300mm, cladding and surfacing of the materials are performed manually, the processing efficiency is low, stable quality performance is difficult to realize, welding defects are easy to occur, a workpiece needs to be preheated to 250 ℃ before surfacing, and the working environment of a welder is severe.

In the existing stage, the laser cladding technology can only clad large-diameter pipelines, but for medium-diameter and small-diameter pipelines, the cladding is limited by space, a laser head is difficult to enter the pipelines, the implementation process is complex, the consumption is high, the laser of a conventional laser cladding machining head starts to focus at a relatively far position, the machining efficiency is low, a protective mirror is easy to damage, and good machining quality is difficult to achieve.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the technical problems that cladding of pipelines with medium and small diameters in the background technology is limited by space, a laser head is difficult to enter the pipeline, the implementation process is complex, the consumption is high, the laser of a conventional laser cladding machining head starts to focus at a relatively far position, the machining efficiency is low, a protective lens is easy to damage, and good machining quality is difficult to achieve, the invention provides the wear-resistant alloy laser cladding method for the inner hole.

The invention provides a wear-resistant alloy laser cladding method of an inner hole, which comprises an inner hole laser cladding gun, a laser, a powder feeder and a molten pool, wherein the output end of the inner hole laser cladding gun is provided with a coaxial powder feeding cladding head, the molten pool is positioned under the coaxial powder feeding cladding head, and the output end of the powder feeder is connected with a four-flow powder distributor; the method comprises the following steps:

s1: cleaning: wiping the surface of the workpiece by using acetone or alcohol;

s2: placing and preheating: placing a workpiece under an inner hole laser cladding gun, facing a coaxial powder feeding cladding head to the inner hole, and preheating the workpiece to 100-150 ℃;

s3: powder feeding: the powder feeder generates powder feeding gas, and the powder feeding gas feeds alloy powder into a laser beam generated by the laser through the powder feeding gas from the coaxial powder feeding cladding head;

s4: focusing: focusing at a position 20mm away from the workpiece to form an alloy molten pool, moving the workpiece according to a certain speed to form a track molten pool, and forming a cladding layer on the surface of the workpiece;

s5: nondestructive testing: PT detects the welding defect condition of the surface of the cladding layer, UT detects the internal surfacing quality condition of the cladding layer, and welding defects such as air holes, incomplete fusion and cracks.

Preferably, in S2, the preheating is performed by using a ceramic resistor or a heating method of a resistor furnace.

Preferably, the laser power of the laser is 3KW, the laser beam: the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder of the semiconductor is 40-70 g/min, the light spot range is 10-20mm, the efficiency is 0.65 square meter per hour to 1.25 square meters per hour, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 0.5-3 m.

Preferably, shielding gas is arranged on two sides of the laser beam, and a powder flow is formed inside the coaxial powder feeding cladding head.

Preferably, the four-flow powder divider divides the powder into four parts to enter the inner hole laser cladding gun, and a position monitor and a temperature measuring instrument are respectively arranged on two sides of the inner hole laser cladding gun.

Preferably, the inner hole laser cladding gun comprises an outer wall of the lengthened cladding gun, a forced water cooling structure of the welding cladding gun, a high-temperature resistant cladding nozzle, a deep hole extension pipe, a protective gas loop pipe and a cable assembly.

Preferably, after the cladding is finished, a heat preservation asbestos or a heat preservation furnace is adopted for post-heat preservation.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

1. according to the wear-resistant alloy laser cladding method for the inner hole, the inner wall of a workpiece with a medium and small hole diameter can be clad and surfaced by adopting the specially modified inner hole laser cladding gun head, the inner hole is surfaced by adopting a powder alloy welding material type, powder is subjected to inner hole surfacing in a laser cladding mode, a good metallurgical bonding is formed between a cladding layer and a matrix, the cladding layer is compact in structure, a heat affected zone is small, the dilution rate is low, cladding materials are diverse in choice (iron-based, nickel-based, cobalt-based, copper-based, composite materials and other various alloy coatings), different alloy proportions can be designed according to different engineering requirements, and the structure and the performance of the cladding layer in the cladding process can be effectively controlled.

2. According to the laser cladding method for the wear-resistant alloy of the inner hole, good metallurgical bonding is formed between the cladding layer and the substrate, the cladding layer is compact in structure, the heat affected zone is small, the dilution rate is low, and a special welding gun for laser cladding of the small and medium inner holes in LBW is high in integration level and high in stability: the powder path, the gas path, the water path and the light path are all integrated in the tube, and the problem that the inner cavity of a product with a medium and small inner diameter is coated with wear-resistant alloy is solved.

3. The laser cladding method for the wear-resistant alloy of the inner hole solves the problem that the wear-resistant alloy is built on the inner surface of the middle and small inner diameter of a workpiece in the fields of mining and deep-sea oil extraction petroleum machinery, solves the problem of a deep hole welding process with high efficiency, and provides a process reference for equipment manufacturing enterprises in the domestic marine petroleum industry.

The parts of the device not involved are the same as or can be implemented using prior art.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating the principle of a wear-resistant alloy laser cladding method for an inner hole according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of cladding surfacing welding of the wear-resistant alloy laser cladding method for the inner hole provided by the invention.

In the figure: the device comprises a powder feeding gas 1, a coaxial powder feeding cladding head 2, a laser beam 3, a shielding gas 4, a powder flow 5, a molten pool 6, a cladding layer 7, a laser 8, a numerical control system 9, a position monitor 10, a reflector 11, a powder feeder 12, a four-flow powder distributor 13, a laser cladding gun for an inner hole 14 and a temperature measuring instrument 15.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present patent, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present patent and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.

In the description of this patent, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for the convenience of describing the patent and for the simplicity of description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the patent.

In the description of this patent, it is noted that unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "disposed" are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixedly connected, disposed, detachably connected, disposed, or integrally connected and disposed. The specific meaning of the above terms in this patent may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

Referring to fig. 1-2, a wear-resistant alloy laser cladding method of an inner hole comprises an inner hole laser cladding gun 14, a laser 8, a powder feeder 12 and a molten pool 6, wherein the output end of the inner hole laser cladding gun 14 is provided with a coaxial powder feeding cladding head 2, the molten pool 6 is positioned right below the coaxial powder feeding cladding head 2, and the output end of the powder feeder 2 is connected with a four-flow powder distributor 13; the method comprises the following steps:

s1: cleaning: wiping the surface of the workpiece by using acetone or alcohol;

s2: placing and preheating: placing a workpiece under an inner hole laser cladding gun 14, using a coaxial powder feeding cladding head 2 to face the inner hole, and preheating the workpiece to 100-150 ℃;

s3: powder feeding: the powder feeder 12 generates powder feeding gas 1, and the powder feeding gas 1 feeds alloy powder into a laser beam 3 generated by a laser 8 from a coaxial powder feeding cladding head 2 through the powder feeding gas 1;

s4: focusing: focusing at a position 20mm away from the workpiece to form an alloy molten pool, moving the workpiece according to a certain speed to form a track molten pool, and forming a cladding layer on the surface of the workpiece;

s5: nondestructive testing: PT detects the welding defect condition of the surface of the cladding layer, UT detects the internal surfacing quality condition of the cladding layer, and welding defects such as air holes, incomplete fusion and cracks.

In the present invention, in S2, preheating is performed by a heating method using a ceramic resistor or a resistance furnace.

In the invention, the laser power of the laser 8 is 3KW, the laser beam 3: the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder 12 of the semiconductor is 40-70 g/min, the light spot range is 10-20mm, the efficiency is 0.65 square meter per hour to 1.25 square meters per hour, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 0.5-3 m.

In the invention, shielding gas 4 is arranged at two sides of a laser beam 3, and a powder flow 5 is formed inside a coaxial powder feeding cladding head 2.

In the invention, a four-flow powder divider 13 divides powder into four parts and enters an inner hole laser cladding gun 14, and a position monitor 10 and a temperature measuring instrument 15 are respectively arranged on two sides of the inner hole laser cladding gun 14.

In the invention, the inner hole laser cladding gun 14 comprises an outer wall of a lengthened cladding gun, a forced water cooling structure of the welding cladding gun, a high temperature resistant cladding nozzle, a deep hole extension pipe, a protective gas loop pipe and a cable assembly.

In the invention, after the cladding is finished, the heat preservation asbestos or a heat preservation furnace is adopted for post-heat preservation.

According to the invention, through adopting the specially modified inner hole laser cladding gun head, cladding and surfacing can be carried out on the inner wall of a workpiece with a medium and small aperture, the inner hole is subjected to surfacing by adopting a welding material type of powder alloy, powder is subjected to surfacing in a laser cladding mode, a cladding layer and a matrix form good metallurgical bonding, the cladding layer has compact tissue, a heat affected zone is small, the dilution rate is low, the cladding material is diverse in choice (iron-based, nickel-based, cobalt-based, copper-based, composite material and other various alloy coatings), different alloy proportions can be designed according to different engineering requirements, so that the tissue and the performance of the cladding layer in the cladding process can be effectively controlled.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.