阅读说明：本技术 一种用于激光-机械联合高效破岩的激光-机械钻头 (Laser-mechanical drill bit for efficient rock breaking by combining laser and machine ) 是由 黄志强 梁耀文 邓嵘 陈科 张文琳 翟预立 雷雨薇 唐克好 于 2021-06-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于激光-机械联合高效破岩的激光-机械钻头,它主要由钻头体和固定切削结构组成；所述固定切削结构由延伸自钻头本体的刀翼以及固结在刀翼上的切削齿和保径齿组成；所述刀翼和钻头体为一体式机械加工成形；所述钻头体内部设有贯通的燕尾槽状的激光通道,连接端设有两个对称的凸台和四个斜螺纹孔,并设有环形密封槽,可以有效的防止气体泄漏,保证钻进过程中的清洁和携岩效果；本发明能够保证激光光束的定位精度,使整形后的线形激光光束精确地辐照在岩石表面指定位置,随钻头对岩石进行旋转辐照,保证激光光束在钻进过程中不与钻头内部发生干涉,以实现激光-机械联合高效破岩。(The invention relates to a laser-mechanical drill bit for efficiently breaking rock by combining laser and machinery, which mainly comprises a drill bit body and a fixed cutting structure; the fixed cutting structure consists of a blade extending from the drill bit body, and cutting teeth and gauge protection teeth fixedly connected on the blade; the blade and the bit body are machined and formed integrally; a through dovetail groove-shaped laser channel is arranged in the drill bit body, two symmetrical bosses and four inclined threaded holes are arranged at the connecting end, and an annular sealing groove is formed, so that gas leakage can be effectively prevented, and the cleaning and rock carrying effects in the drilling process are ensured; the invention can ensure the positioning precision of the laser beam, so that the shaped linear laser beam is accurately irradiated at the designated position on the surface of the rock, the drill bit performs rotary irradiation on the rock, and the laser beam is ensured not to interfere with the inside of the drill bit in the drilling process, thereby realizing the high-efficiency rock breaking by laser-mechanical combination.)

1. A laser-mechanical drill bit for efficient rock breaking by combining laser and machinery comprises a drill bit body (1), a gas channel (2), a boss (3), an inclined threaded hole (4), an annular sealing groove (5), a laser channel (6), a blade (7), gauge teeth (8) and cutting teeth (9); the gauge protection teeth (8) and the cutting teeth (9) are welded on the blade (7); the blades (7) extend from the drill bit body (1) and are machined and formed integrally with the drill bit body (1), and chip grooves are formed between the adjacent blades (7).

2. A laser-mechanical drill bit for combined laser-mechanical high efficiency rock breaking according to claim 1, characterized in that: a through dovetail-groove-shaped laser channel (6) is arranged in the bit body (1); the connecting end of the drill bit body (1) is provided with two symmetrical bosses (3) and four inclined threaded holes (4), the drill bit body (1) is fixed and torque is transmitted, and the positioning accuracy of the laser channel (6) is ensured; the connecting end of the drill bit body (1) is provided with an annular sealing groove (5), so that gas leakage can be effectively prevented.

3. A laser-mechanical drill bit for combined laser-mechanical high efficiency rock breaking according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of the blades (7) on the bit body (1) is more than or equal to three; the number of the laser channels (6) on the drill body (1) is more than or equal to one; the cross section of the laser channel (6) is elliptical, quadrangular, polygonal or the combination of the elliptical, the quadrangular and the polygonal.

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to the field of drilling engineering equipment, in particular to a laser-mechanical drill bit for efficiently breaking rock by combining laser and machinery.

Background art:

with the further development of national economy, the demand for oil and gas resources is continuously increased, and as the oil and gas resources in shallow layers which are already discovered in partial regions are fully exploited due to long-term exploitation, the development of deep oil and gas resources becomes a necessary trend. However, in the development process of deep wells and ultra-deep wells, due to the compact stratum, high hardness and strong abrasiveness, the traditional mechanical drilling mode has low drilling speed, short service life of a drill bit, long drilling period and high mining cost, and greatly hinders the pace of developing and utilizing deep oil and gas resources, so that the research on the method for efficiently crushing hard rock is of great significance.

In recent years, laser technology is gradually developed from rock cutting of a low-power laser to a drilling and rock breaking stage of a high-power laser, the rock is changed into easily-removed chips or magma by thermal fragmentation, thermal melting and thermal gasification of the rock surface when the high-power laser and the rock are subjected to thermal action, and the chips or the magma of the rock are removed by air flow or other auxiliary tools. Compared with the traditional mechanical rock breaking, the laser rock breaking has the unique advantages of high drilling speed, capability of drilling hard rock, improvement of well wall environment and the like. The laser-mechanical combined rock breaking technology is a new leading-edge technology capable of realizing efficient rock breaking by utilizing a mechanical drill bit after rock is impacted, damaged and thermally damaged by laser to generate pre-breaking on the rock, so that the internal stress of the rock is released to a certain extent, the strength of the rock is reduced, and the drillability of the rock is improved. The laser-mechanical combined rock breaking technology can integrate the advantages of the laser rock breaking technology and the mechanical rock breaking technology and overcome the inherent defects of the laser rock breaking technology and the mechanical rock breaking technology, so that the laser-mechanical combined rock breaking technology is the main development direction of the current laser drilling technology.

In the laser-mechanical combined rock breaking process, the linear light beam shaped by the light beam shaping device irradiates at a designated position on the surface of the rock and rotates along with the drill bit to irradiate the rock, so that the inside of the drill bit is required to have enough laser irradiation space and the connection positioning precision of the drill bit and an upper drill column is ensured, and the shaped linear light beam does not interfere with the inside of the drill bit in the drilling process. Therefore, the laser-mechanical drill bit for the laser-mechanical combined efficient rock breaking is provided, so that the laser-mechanical combined efficient rock breaking is realized.

The invention content is as follows:

the invention aims to realize the efficient rock breaking by combining laser and machinery, provides a laser-mechanical drill bit for efficiently breaking rock by combining laser and machinery, realizes the coupling of an optical device and a cutting structure, ensures the connection positioning precision of the drill bit and an upper drill column, ensures that a shaped linear light beam does not interfere with the inside of the drill bit in the drilling process, and has higher practical value.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:

the invention relates to a laser-mechanical drill bit for efficiently breaking rock by combining laser and machinery, which consists of a drill bit body and a fixed cutting structure; the fixed cutting structure consists of a blade extending from the drill bit body, and cutting teeth and gauge protection teeth welded on the blade; the blades and the bit body are integrally machined and formed, and chip removal grooves are formed between the adjacent blades; the number of blades on the bit body is more than or equal to three;

a through dovetail groove-shaped laser channel is arranged in the drill body, and the shaped linear laser beam irradiates the designated position on the surface of the rock through the laser channel and rotates along with the drill bit; the number of the laser channels on the drill bit body is more than or equal to one; the cross section of the laser channel is in an elliptical shape, a quadrangular shape, a polygonal shape or a combined shape of the elliptical shape, the quadrangular shape and the polygonal shape;

the connecting end of the drill bit body is provided with two symmetrical bosses and four inclined threaded holes, so that the drill bit body can be fixed and torque can be transmitted, the positioning precision of a laser channel is ensured, and the shaped laser beam does not interfere with the interior of the drill bit in the drilling process;

the connecting end of the drill bit body is provided with an annular sealing groove, so that gas leakage can be effectively prevented, and the cleaning, cooling and rock carrying effects in the drilling process are guaranteed.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the laser channel, the positioning boss and the inclined thread connection of the laser-mechanical drill bit can ensure the positioning precision of a laser beam, the shaped linear beam is accurately irradiated at the designated position on the surface of a rock, the drill bit is used for carrying out rotary irradiation on the rock, the laser beam is ensured not to interfere with the inside of the drill bit in the drilling process, the high-efficiency rock breaking of the laser-mechanical combination is realized, compared with the conventional rock breaking mode, the speed can be increased by more than 20%, the rock breaking efficiency is greatly improved, the rock breaking cost is reduced, and the revolutionary revolution is brought to the drilling field.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a laser-mechanical drill bit for efficient rock breaking with a laser-mechanical combination according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view in the direction of FIG. 2 (A-A);

FIG. 4 is a blade profile for three main blades and three sub-blades;

FIG. 5 is a blade profile of two main blades and four sub-blades with the main blades cooperating with a laser;

FIG. 6 is a blade profile of two main blades and four sub-blades with the sub-blades cooperating with a laser.

In the figure: 1. the drill bit comprises a drill bit body, 2. a gas channel, 3. a boss, 4. an inclined threaded hole, 5. an annular sealing groove, 6. a laser channel, 7. a blade, 8. a gauge protection tooth and 9. a cutting tooth.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the embodiments.

As shown in figure 1, the laser-mechanical drill bit for efficient rock breaking by laser-mechanical combination of the invention comprises a drill bit body 1, a gas channel 2, a boss 3, an inclined threaded hole 4, an annular sealing groove 5, a laser channel 6, a blade 7, gauge teeth 8 and cutting teeth 9; the gauge teeth 8 and the cutting teeth 9 are welded on the blade 7; the blades 7 extend from the drill bit body 1 and are machined and formed integrally with the drill bit body 1, and chip discharge grooves are formed between the adjacent blades 7; the number of the blades 7 on the bit body 1 is more than or equal to three;

a through dovetail groove-shaped laser channel 6 is arranged in the drill body 1, and the shaped linear laser beam irradiates the designated position on the rock surface through the laser channel 6 and rotates along with the drill bit; the number of the laser channels 6 on the bit body 1 is more than or equal to one; the cross section of the laser channel 6 is elliptical, quadrangular, polygonal or the combination of the elliptical, the quadrangular and the polygonal;

the connecting end of the drill bit body 1 is provided with two symmetrical bosses 3 and four inclined threaded holes 4, the drill bit body 1 is fixed and torque is transmitted, and the positioning precision of a laser channel 6 is ensured, so that the shaped laser beam does not interfere with the interior of the drill bit in the drilling process;

the annular sealing groove 5 is formed in the connecting end of the drill body 1, so that gas leakage can be effectively prevented, and the cleaning, cooling and rock carrying effects in the drilling process are guaranteed;

preferably, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the number of the blades 7 is six; the number of the laser channels 6 is one, and the cross section of each laser channel is quadrilateral;

preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the blade 7 includes three main blades and three sub-blades, and the main blades and the sub-blades cooperate with each other to form a laser;

preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the blades 7 include two main blades and four sub-blades, and the main blades cooperate with the laser;

preferably, as shown in fig. 6, the blades 7 include two main blades and four sub-blades, and the sub-blades cooperate with the laser.