阅读说明：本技术 一种敏感器件、电化学矢量水听器 (Sensitive device and electrochemical vector hydrophone ) 是由 王军波 钟安祥 陈健 陈德勇 段语默 陈明惟 梁天 刘博文 许超 齐文杰 佘旭 于 2021-08-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种敏感器件、电化学矢量水听器,敏感器件包括：敏感电极、电解液、第一壳体；第一壳体内部设置至少两条相互垂直且不连通的流道,流道内设置有电解液,电解液能够随水声信号产生振动；电解液,用于发生电化学反应形成电流；敏感电极,设置在流道两端,用于输出每一条流道内的电流,以及通过连接外部差分电路,输出差分电流,用于检测水声信号。(The invention discloses a sensitive device and an electrochemical vector hydrophone, wherein the sensitive device comprises: the device comprises a sensitive electrode, electrolyte and a first shell; at least two mutually perpendicular and non-communicated flow channels are arranged in the first shell, and electrolyte is arranged in the flow channels and can vibrate along with the underwater sound signals; an electrolyte for generating an electrochemical reaction to form an electric current; and the sensitive electrodes are arranged at two ends of the flow channels and used for outputting the current in each flow channel and outputting differential current by connecting an external differential circuit and used for detecting underwater sound signals.)

1. A sensitive device, comprising: the device comprises a sensitive electrode, electrolyte and a first shell;

at least two mutually perpendicular and non-communicated flow channels are arranged in the first shell, the electrolyte is arranged in the flow channels, and the electrolyte can vibrate along with the underwater sound signal;

the electrolyte is used for generating electrochemical reaction to form current;

the sensitive electrodes are arranged at two ends of the flow channels and used for outputting the current in each flow channel, and outputting differential current by connecting an external differential circuit and used for detecting the underwater sound signal.

2. The device of claim 1, the electrolyte comprising at least one of:

iodine-iodide mixed solution, bromine-bromide mixed solution and ferricyanide-ferrocyanide mixed solution.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the sensing electrode comprises a cathode and an anode, the cathode is on the side of the sensing electrode close to the end of the flow channel, and the anode is on the side of the sensing electrode far from the end of the flow channel.

4. The device of claim 3, the voltage between the cathode and the anode comprising 0.3-0.5V.

5. The device of claim 1 or 3, the sensing electrode comprising a silicon wafer with a metal foil deposited on the surface.

6. The device of claim 1, an elastic sealing film is disposed between the first housing and the sensing electrode.

7. The device of claim 1, the electrochemical reaction comprising a reversible redox reaction.

8. An electrochemical vector hydrophone, comprising: the sensor device of any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The electrochemical vector hydrophone of claim 8, wherein a water-resistant sealant material is disposed between the third housing and the sensitive device.

10. The electrochemical vector hydrophone of claim 9, wherein the water-resistant seal material comprises kerosene.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater sound, and particularly relates to a sensitive device and an electrochemical vector hydrophone.

Background

The vector hydrophone is a novel underwater acoustic sensor appearing at the end of the twentieth century, and can measure not only scalar information of a sound field, but also vector information. A typical vector hydrophone is implemented by machining and packaging a plurality of accelerometers. With the development of modern scientific technology, particularly the development of noise reduction, vibration reduction and stealth technology, the noise radiation intensity of an underwater target is lower and lower, people put forward higher requirements on remote detection and low-frequency measurement, and the detection of low frequency, miniaturization and high signal-to-noise ratio becomes the development trend of vector hydrophones.

The vector hydrophone mainly comprises a piezoresistive type, a piezoelectric type, an optical fiber type, a capacitance type and the like according to different working principles of the vector hydrophone, wherein the piezoresistive type vector hydrophone is an active device and has the characteristics of high power consumption, high noise, low sensitivity and the like; the piezoelectric vector hydrophone has high sensitivity but poor low-frequency performance; the optical fiber type vector hydrophone has high sensitivity, but has large volume and poor low-frequency performance, and is difficult to install; the capacitive vector hydrophone has good low-frequency performance and high sensitivity, but the installation inclination angle is small, and a capacitor plate is easy to adhere. Therefore, the hydrophone in the related art has the problems of low detection sensitivity to low-frequency underwater acoustic signals, high power consumption, poor low-frequency performance, difficulty in installation and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a sensing device, an electrochemical vector hydrophone, which is intended to at least partially solve the above technical problems.

In order to achieve the above object, as one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sensitive device including: the device comprises a sensitive electrode, electrolyte and a first shell; at least two mutually perpendicular and non-communicated flow channels are arranged in the first shell, the electrolyte is arranged in the flow channels, and the electrolyte can vibrate along with the underwater sound signal; the electrolyte is used for generating electrochemical reaction to form current; the sensitive electrodes are arranged at two ends of the flow channels and used for outputting the current in each flow channel, and outputting differential current by connecting an external differential circuit and used for detecting the underwater sound signal.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electrolyte includes at least one of: iodine-iodide mixed solution, bromine-bromide mixed solution and ferricyanide-ferrocyanide mixed solution.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sensing electrode includes a cathode and an anode, a side of the sensing electrode close to the end of the flow channel is the cathode, and a side of the sensing electrode far from the end of the flow channel is the anode.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the voltage between the cathode and the anode includes 0.3 to 0.5V.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sensing electrode includes a silicon wafer with a metal foil deposited on a surface thereof.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an elastic sealing film is disposed between the first housing and the sensing electrode.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the electrochemical reaction comprises a reversible redox reaction.

As another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an electrochemical vector hydrophone, comprising: a second housing, a third housing, the sensor of any of the above embodiments.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a waterproof sealing material is provided between the third housing and the sensitive device.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the waterproof sealing material comprises kerosene.

The invention provides a sensitive device, which is characterized in that more than two flow channels which are perpendicular to each other and are not communicated are arranged, electrolyte is arranged in the flow channels, the electrolyte generates electrochemical reaction between electrodes to generate current, under the condition that the sensitive device does not vibrate, the current output in each flow channel is the same, no differential current is output, under the condition that the sensitive device vibrates, the current output in each flow channel is different, the differential current is output, underwater acoustic signals are converted into electric signals, and the electric signals can be used for detecting low-frequency acoustic signals.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a sensitive device of an electrochemical vector hydrophone;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction and assembly of an electrochemical vector hydrophone;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the detection principle of an electrochemical vector hydrophone;

reference numerals: the sensor comprises a sensing device 100, a sensing electrode 101, a rubber membrane 102, an electrolyte 103, a first shell 104, a first flow channel 105, a second flow channel 106, a cathode 107, an anode 108, a second shell 200 and a third shell 300.

Detailed Description

In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.

The hydrophone in the related art has the problems of low detection sensitivity to low-frequency underwater acoustic signals, high power consumption, poor low-frequency performance, difficult installation and the like.

The electrochemical sensor is a sensitive sensor with the advantages of good low-frequency performance, large installation inclination angle, large dynamic range, low manufacturing cost and the like, and the electrochemical sensor realizes the detection of low-frequency signals by utilizing an electrochemical sensitive mechanism. The electrochemical vector hydrophone is designed by utilizing the low frequency of the electrochemical sensor, and the detection of the hydrophone on low-frequency underwater acoustic signals can be met.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a sensitive device comprising: the device comprises a sensitive electrode, electrolyte and a first shell; at least two mutually perpendicular and non-communicated flow channels are arranged in the first shell, the electrolyte is arranged in the flow channels, and the electrolyte can vibrate along with the underwater sound signal; the electrolyte is used for generating electrochemical reaction to form current; the sensitive electrodes are arranged at two ends of the flow channels and used for outputting the current in each flow channel, and outputting differential current by connecting an external differential circuit and used for detecting the underwater sound signal.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the core of the sensing device of the electrochemical vector hydrophone of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the sensing device 100 includes a sensing electrode 101, a rubber film 102, an electrolyte 103, and a first casing 104, wherein at least two mutually perpendicular and non-communicated flow channels are disposed inside the first casing 104, and are respectively: the electrolyte cell comprises a first flow channel 105 and a second flow channel 106, wherein electrolyte 103 is filled in each flow channel, a pair of sensitive electrodes 101 are arranged on two sides of each flow channel, and a rubber film 102 is arranged between each pair of sensitive electrodes 101 and a first shell 104 and used for sealing the electrolyte 103.

In the embodiment of the invention, the sensitive device is provided with more than two flow channels which are perpendicular to each other and are not communicated, the flow channels are internally provided with the electrolyte, the electrolyte generates electrochemical reaction between electrodes to generate current, under the condition that the sensitive device does not vibrate, the current output in each flow channel is the same, no differential current is output, under the condition that the sensitive device vibrates, the current output in each flow channel is different, the differential current is output, an underwater acoustic signal is converted into an electric signal, and the electric signal can be used for detecting a low-frequency acoustic signal.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electrolyte includes at least one of: iodine-iodide mixed solution, bromine-bromide mixed solution and ferricyanide-ferrocyanide mixed solution.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sensing electrode includes a cathode and an anode, a side of the sensing electrode close to the end of the flow channel is the cathode, and a side of the sensing electrode far from the end of the flow channel is the anode.

As shown in fig. 1, the sensing electrode 101 includes a cathode 107 and an anode 108, the sensing electrode 101 is disposed at two ends of each flow channel, the second flow channel 106 is filled with the electrolyte 103, a side close to a terminal of the second flow channel 106 is the cathode 107, and a side far away from the terminal of the second flow channel 106 is the anode 108. The sensing electrodes at both ends of the first flow channel 105 are also arranged in the same way, and are not described in detail here.

In the embodiment of the invention, the sensitive electrodes are arranged in the flow channel according to the sequence of anode-cathode-anode, the arrangement mode is that the differential output is zero when the electrolyte is stable, the symmetrical distribution pattern of ions is broken when the electrolyte is unstable, and the output is not zero after the differential. The sensitive electrode is an electrochemical sensor with good low-frequency performance, large installation inclination angle, large dynamic range and low manufacturing cost.

According to the embodiment of the invention, taking the iodine-iodide mixed solution as the electrolyte in the sensitive device as an example, the electrolyte in the sensitive device containsAnd I^-After voltage is applied between the cathode and the anode, the anode loses electrons to generate a reduction reaction, the cathode obtains electrons to generate an oxidation reaction, and the reaction formula is as follows:

the reaction formula of the cathode for oxidation reaction is as follows:

the reaction formula of the anode for reduction reaction is as follows:

under the condition that the applied voltage is not changed, the distribution of the negative ions and the positive ions in the electrolyte tends to be stable in the cathode and the anode, at the moment, the current output by each flow channel is the same, the differential current is zero, and no output exists. When the electrolyte vibrates, anions and cations distributed at the cathode and the anode are changed, so that currents output by each flow channel are different, the differential current output is not zero, namely output exists, and the underwater acoustic signal can be detected by detecting the differential current.

In the embodiment of the invention, the electrolyte vibrates along with the underwater acoustic signal, the change of the ion concentration of the electrolyte generated by the vibration of the electrolyte can occur between the two sensitive electrodes at the two ends of the same flow channel, but the change of the electrolyte and the two sensitive electrodes is opposite, namely when the concentration of three cathode iodine ions at one end is increased, the concentration of three cathode iodine ions at the other end of the same flow channel is reduced, and the output is larger after the concentration of one cathode iodine ion is increased and the difference of the other cathode iodine ion concentration is reduced, thereby ensuring the detection precision of the low-frequency signal.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the voltage between the cathode and the anode includes 0.3 to 0.5V.

According to the embodiment of the invention, a voltage of 0.3-0.5V is applied between the cathode and the anode, for example, the applied voltage can be 0.3V, 0.4V, 0.5V, and is used as an initial voltage for starting the movement of anions and cations in the electrolyte.

In the embodiment of the invention, the voltage is an external voltage, is introduced through an external circuit, is in a range of 0.3-0.5V, and aims to promote the directional distribution of anions and cations in the electrolyte near a cathode and an anode so as to promote the stable distribution of ions in the electrolyte.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sensing electrode includes a silicon wafer with a metal foil deposited on a surface thereof.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the sensing electrode includes, but is not limited to, a silicon wafer of metal foil, and other metal electrodes that can be stably present in reversible redox systems such as iodine-iodide mixed solution, bromine-bromide mixed solution, ferricyanide-ferrocyanide mixed solution, and the like are suitable.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the electrode is only used for outputting current, and the electrode itself does not participate in the electrochemical reaction.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an elastic sealing film is disposed between the first housing and the sensing electrode.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the elastic sealing film between the first casing and the sensing electrode may be a rubber film.

As shown in fig. 1, a rubber film 102 is mounted between the sensitive electrode 101 and the first housing 104.

In the embodiment of the present invention, a rubber film 102 is disposed between a first housing 104 and a sensing electrode 101 for sealing an electrolyte 103 and preventing leakage of an electrolyte solution, the first housing 104 is used for fixing the rubber film 102 and the sensing electrode 101, and simultaneously, the first housing can isolate the electrolyte 103 and ensure orthogonality between flow channels by precision machining, so as to reduce crosstalk between different flow channels, because if two flow channels are not orthogonal, a vibration signal in one direction has a component to affect other flow channels.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the electrochemical reaction comprises a reversible redox reaction.

In the examples of the present invention, the overall equation for the redox reaction is:

between the visible cathode and the anodeAnd I^-Is reversibly distributed cyclically.

As another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an electrochemical vector hydrophone, comprising: a second housing, a third housing, the sensor of any of the above embodiments.

In the embodiment of the invention, the electrochemical vector hydrophone structure comprises a sensitive device, a second shell and a third shell, wherein the third shell is a hollow spherical shell structure and can drive the sensitive device to vibrate along with the external vibration.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction and assembly of an electrochemical vector hydrophone of the invention.

As shown in fig. 2, the electrochemical vector hydrophone includes a sensing device 100, a second shell 200 and a third shell 300, wherein the sensing device 100 is provided with at least two flow channels through the inside of a first shell 104, the flow channels are filled with an electrolyte 103, sensing electrodes 101 are installed at two ends of the electrolyte 103, a cathode 107 is arranged at one side of the sensing electrode 101 close to the end of a second flow channel 106, an anode 108 is arranged at one side of the sensing electrode 101 far from the end of the second flow channel 106, a rubber membrane 102 is installed between the sensing electrode 101 and the first shell 104 for sealing the electrolyte 103, and the first shell 104 constitutes the sensing device 100.

The sensing device 100 is mounted on the second shell 200, and then the second shell 200 is mounted on the third shell 300, so that the electrochemical vector hydrophone is assembled.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a waterproof sealing material is provided between the third housing and the sensitive device.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the waterproof sealing material is filled between the third housing 300 and the sensitive device 100 by the insulation of the second housing 200.

The third casing 300 is a hollow spherical shell structure, and can drive the sensitive device 100 to vibrate along with the external vibration. The water sealing material can adjust the overall density of the electrochemical vector hydrophone, and the effect of resonance is achieved. The second casing 200 has the function of isolating the waterproof sealing material injected between the sensitive device 100 and the third spherical shell 300, thereby eliminating the performance degradation of the device caused by the direct contact of the sensitive device 100 with the watertight material.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the waterproof sealing material comprises kerosene.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the waterproof sealing material is a liquid capable of adjusting density, is generally an organic material, has the advantages of density less than that of water and good sealing performance, is generally used for the waterproof sealing material, and has good sealing effect.

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the detection principle of the electrochemical vector hydrophone of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 3, the electrochemical vector hydrophone is placed under water, an external underwater acoustic signal vibrates to drive a third shell of the electrochemical vector hydrophone to vibrate, the third shell vibrates to drive the sensitive device to vibrate, so that the electrolyte and the electrode inside the sensor are relatively displaced, when the electrolyte moves, anions and cations distributed at the cathode and the anode of the sensitive electrode are changed, currents output by each flow channel are different, the currents in each flow channel are output through the sensitive electrode, then the differential currents are output by connecting with an external differential circuit, and finally the output current signals are detected through an external detection circuit, so that the detection of the low-frequency underwater acoustic signal is realized.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.