阅读说明：本技术 一种射频能供能的自驱动无线传感节点及其能量管理方法 (Self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy and energy management method thereof ) 是由 张宇峰 刘小强 王天聪 刘建文 于 2021-07-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种射频能供能的自驱动无线传感节点及其能量管理方法,属于无线传感技术领域。该方法包括以下步骤：PMIC转换射频能量输入,通过PMIC的阈值检测输出PGOOD和MCU的控制输出EN1、EN2共同控制与门、或门输出,进而控制两个负载开关通断实现PMIC能量输出为MCU、传感器和无线通信模块供能。本发明实现了射频能供能的无线传感节点自驱动,保证了在通信异常、或射频能量输入不稳定的情况下,MCU能够持续不断电工作,避免了数据丢失,当MCU检测到PGOOD为低时,不再采样传感器温度,并进入休眠模式,等待PGOOD上升沿唤醒,唤醒后发送上次采集的数据,避免了数据漏发。(The invention discloses a self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy and an energy management method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of wireless sensing. The method comprises the following steps: the PMIC converts radio frequency energy input, and the threshold detection output PGOOD of the PMIC and the control outputs EN1 and EN2 of the MCU jointly control the output of an AND gate and an OR gate, so that the on-off of the two load switches is controlled to realize the energy output of the PMIC to supply energy to the MCU, the sensor and the wireless communication module. The invention realizes the self-driving of the wireless sensing node powered by the radio frequency energy, ensures that the MCU can continuously work without power failure under the condition of abnormal communication or unstable radio frequency energy input, avoids data loss, does not sample the temperature of the sensor when the MCU detects that the PGOOD is low, enters a sleep mode, waits for awakening of the rising edge of the PGOOD, sends the data acquired last time after awakening, and avoids data missing.)

1. The self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy is characterized by comprising a radio frequency energy input module, a PMIC, an OR gate, an AND gate, a first load switch, a second load switch, a sensor, an MCU and a wireless communication module, wherein the radio frequency energy input module is electrically connected with the PMIC, the PMIC is electrically connected with the OR gate, the first load switch, the AND gate and the second load switch respectively, the first load switch is electrically connected with the sensor and the MCU respectively, the second load switch is electrically connected with the wireless communication module,

the PMIC is in signal connection with the OR gate, the AND gate and the MCU respectively, the MCU is in signal connection with the OR gate, the AND gate and the wireless communication module respectively, the OR gate is in signal connection with the first load switch, the AND gate is in signal connection with the second load switch, and the sensor is in bidirectional signal connection with the MCU.

2. The radio frequency energy-powered self-driven wireless sensing node as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radio frequency energy input module comprises an energy collecting antenna, a rectifying circuit and a filtering circuit, wherein the collecting antenna is used for collecting radio frequency wireless energy in the environment, and the rectifying circuit and the filtering circuit are used for rectifying and filtering the radio frequency wireless energy and finally outputting direct current.

3. A method for managing energy of a radio frequency energy powered self-driven wireless sensing node, based on any one of claims 1-2,

s1, voltage conversion is carried out on radio frequency energy input by a power management chip PMIC, the output voltage Vout of the PMIC is respectively output to an OR gate and an AND gate, the threshold detection output signal PGOOD of the PMIC and an MCU jointly control the output of the AND gate and the OR gate, and the PGOOD is also input to the MCU as a signal;

s2, along with the conversion of radio frequency energy input by the PMIC, Vout gradually rises, after the Vout exceeds a high-voltage threshold, PGOOD is set high, the output of an OR gate is set high, a first load switch is conducted, and the MCU and the sensor are powered on;

s3, after the MCU is powered on, setting a control signal EN1 high;

s4, clearing the acquired data storage array by the MCU, and then periodically acquiring sensor data until the data acquisition is finished;

s5, the MCU controls the second load switch to be conducted through a control signal EN2 to enable the wireless communication module to be powered on, sends out the acquired sensor data through the wireless communication module, and then closes the second load switch;

and S6, the MCU detects that the PGOOD is high, the step returns to S4, if the PGOOD is low, the MCU enters a sleep mode to wait for the interruption trigger of the rising edge of the PGOOD, and the step S5 is executed after the interruption trigger.

4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S1, specifically, the control output EN1 of the MCU and the threshold detection output PGOOD of the PMIC are taken or the first load switch is controlled to be turned on or off to power the MCU and the sensor, the output voltage Vout of the PMIC reaches a preset high voltage threshold PGOOD output, or the gate output is high, the first load switch is turned on, and the MCU is powered.

5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein when there is an unstable rf energy input or the PMIC output voltage Vout is lowered to the PMIC low voltage threshold due to an unstable transmission factor of the wireless communication module, the PMIC threshold detection output is set low, the MCU pin EN1 is always set high, the first load switch is still turned on, and when the MCU detects that PGOOD is set low, the sensor is no longer sampled, but enters the sleep mode, and waits for the PGOOD output rising edge of the PMIC to interrupt and wake up, thereby ensuring that the MCU is not powered off.

6. The energy management method of the radio-frequency-energy-powered self-driven wireless sensing node as claimed in claim 5, wherein the PMIC and the MCU control the conduction of the second load switch, when power consumption is too high due to abnormal communication of the wireless communication module and the output voltage of the PMIC drops to a low-voltage threshold value, the output of the AND gate is low, the second load switch is turned off, the wireless communication module is powered off and no longer consumes electric energy, the MCU detects the PGOOD level after executing an instruction for sending wireless data, if the power consumption is low, the current power consumption is too high, sensor data is no longer collected, the MCU enters a sleep mode, the rising edge of the PGOOD output of the PMIC is waited to be interrupted and awakened, and the MCU sends the last data again after awakening, so that data miss sending is avoided.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy and an energy management method thereof, belonging to the technical field of wireless sensing.

Background

In recent years, with the development of microelectronics, wireless communication and low-power consumption sensors, wireless sensor network technology has been greatly developed. The wireless sensor network has wide coverage range, a large number of sensor nodes, a limited service life of the traditional battery power supply mode, high labor cost for replacing batteries, environmental pollution problems of waste batteries and the like. Therefore, the self-driven wireless sensing node capable of acquiring energy from the environment has a wide application range. The energy in nature includes solar energy, temperature difference energy, radio frequency energy, wind energy, vibration energy, etc., wherein the radio frequency energy is not affected by environmental changes and wiring and is ubiquitous in space.

Common wireless sensing nodes are divided into an energy supply module, a sensor module, a microcontroller module and a wireless communication module. The energy consumption of the wireless communication module is far higher than that of other modules, so that an energy management method is needed, and the energy management module is used for distinguishing and managing energy supply modules to supply energy to the sensor module with low energy consumption, the microcontroller module and the wireless communication module with high energy consumption.

The radio frequency energy is weak, the influence of network flux and signal quality is large, the wireless communication module is also influenced by the communication quality during communication, the situations of error code retransmission and the like exist, and the problems of stop working, information loss, missing transmission and the like of a self-driven wireless sensing node powered by the radio frequency energy can be caused by huge energy consumption and instability of radio frequency energy input caused by repeated transmission.

To sum up, to the wireless sensing node of self-driven of radio frequency energy supply, the problem that prior art exists is: the energy of radio frequency energy is weak, and is influenced by network flux and signal quality greatly, and wireless communication module receives communication quality influence error code retransmission and can bring huge energy consumption, and wireless communication module's receiving and dispatching energy consumption is higher than the energy consumption of other modules far away. An energy management method is needed to coordinate the above problems, so that the radio frequency can stably and reliably drive the wireless sensing node to work.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a self-driven wireless sensing node powered by radio frequency energy and an energy management method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.

A radio frequency energy-powered self-driven wireless sensing node comprises a radio frequency energy input module, a PMIC, an OR gate, an AND gate, a first load switch, a second load switch, a sensor, an MCU and a wireless communication module, wherein the radio frequency energy input module is electrically connected with the PMIC, the PMIC is respectively and electrically connected with the OR gate, the first load switch, the AND gate and the second load switch, the first load switch is respectively and electrically connected with the sensor and the MCU, the second load switch is electrically connected with the wireless communication module,

the PMIC is in signal connection with an OR gate, an AND gate and an MCU respectively, the MCU is in signal connection with the OR gate, the AND gate and the wireless communication module respectively, the OR gate is in signal connection with a first load switch, the AND gate is in signal connection with a second load switch, and the sensor is in bidirectional signal connection with the MCU.

Furthermore, the radio frequency energy input module comprises an energy acquisition antenna, a rectifying circuit and a filtering circuit, wherein the acquisition antenna is used for acquiring radio frequency wireless energy in the environment, and the rectifying circuit and the filtering circuit are used for rectifying and filtering the radio frequency wireless energy and finally outputting direct current.

An energy management method of a radio frequency energy-powered self-driven wireless sensing node is based on the radio frequency energy-powered self-driven wireless sensing node,

s1, voltage conversion is carried out on radio frequency energy input by a power management chip PMIC, the output voltage Vout of the PMIC is respectively output to an OR gate and an AND gate, the threshold detection output signal PGOOD of the PMIC and an MCU jointly control the output of the AND gate and the OR gate, and the PGOOD is also input to the MCU as a signal;

s2, along with the conversion of radio frequency energy input by the PMIC, Vout gradually rises, after the Vout exceeds a high-voltage threshold, PGOOD is set high, the output of an OR gate is set high, a first load switch is conducted, and the MCU and the sensor are powered on;

s3, after the MCU is powered on, setting a control signal EN1 high;

s4, clearing the acquired data storage array by the MCU, and then periodically acquiring sensor data until the data acquisition is finished;

s5, the MCU controls the second load switch to be conducted through a control signal EN2 to enable the wireless communication module to be powered on, sends out the acquired sensor data through the wireless communication module, and then closes the second load switch;

and S6, the MCU detects that the PGOOD is high, the step returns to S4, if the PGOOD is low, the MCU enters a sleep mode to wait for the interruption trigger of the rising edge of the PGOOD, and the step S5 is executed after the interruption trigger.

Further, in S1, specifically, the control output EN1 of the MCU and the threshold detection output PGOOD of the PMIC take or control the on/off of the first load switch to supply power to the MCU and the sensor, the PMIC output voltage Vout reaches a preset high-voltage threshold PGOOD output high, the or gate output is high, the first load switch is turned on, and the MCU is powered on.

Further, when the radio frequency energy input is unstable or the PMIC output voltage Vout is reduced to the PMIC low-voltage threshold due to unstable transmission factors of the wireless communication module, the PMIC threshold detection output is set low, the MCU control pin EN1 is always set high, the first load switch is still turned on, and when the MCU detects that the PGOOD is set low, the sensor is no longer sampled, but enters a sleep mode, and waits for the PGOOD output rising edge of the PMIC to be interrupted and awakened, thereby ensuring that the MCU is not powered off.

Further, the PMIC and the MCU are conducted with the second load switch in a controlled mode, when the wireless communication module is abnormally communicated, the power consumption is overhigh, when the output voltage of the PMIC drops to a low-voltage threshold value, the output of the AND gate is low, the second load switch is closed, the wireless communication module is powered off, the electric energy is not consumed any more, the MCU can detect the PGOOD level after executing an instruction for sending wireless data, if the PGOOD level is low, the current power consumption is overhigh, the sensor data is not collected any more, the sensor data enters a sleep mode, the PGOOD output of the PMIC is waited to rise to be interrupted and awakened, the MCU sends the last data again after awakening, and data missing sending is avoided.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) get or, control first load switch break-make through PGOOD and EN1, EN1 puts high all the time after MCU is gone up to electricity, and is crossed low when PMIC output voltage, and PGOOD puts low, and EN1 puts high and can guarantee that the singlechip does not cut off the power supply, has promoted PMIC's output voltage threshold range, has avoided data loss, has promoted system reliability.

(2) The PGOOD and the EN2 control the on-off of the second load switch through the AND gate together, so that the second load switch is ensured to be turned off in time under the condition of excessive instantaneous energy consumption, and unnecessary power consumption is avoided.

(3) The MCU detects the PGOOD height after the data are sent every time, if the PGOOD height is detected, the MCU empties the acquisition information and performs data acquisition, and the data are sent out after the acquisition is finished; if the PGOOD is detected to be low, the acquisition information is not cleared, but the PGOOD enters a dormant state and waits for PGOOD high level to wake up, and then the data acquired last time is retransmitted, so that data missing transmission is avoided through the operation mechanism.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a self-driven wireless sensing node powered by RF energy according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic method flow diagram of an energy management method of a radio frequency energy-powered self-driven wireless sensor node according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a radio frequency energy-powered self-driven wireless sensing node, which comprises a radio frequency energy input module, a PMIC, an OR gate, an AND gate, a first load switch, a second load switch, a sensor, an MCU and a wireless communication module, wherein the radio frequency energy input module is electrically connected with the PMIC, the PMIC is respectively and electrically connected with the OR gate, the first load switch, the AND gate and the second load switch, the first load switch is respectively and electrically connected with the sensor and the MCU, the second load switch is electrically connected with the wireless communication module,

the PMIC is in signal connection with an OR gate, an AND gate and an MCU respectively, the MCU is in signal connection with the OR gate, the AND gate and the wireless communication module respectively, the OR gate is in signal connection with a first load switch, the AND gate is in signal connection with a second load switch, and the sensor is in bidirectional signal connection with the MCU.

Furthermore, the radio frequency energy input module comprises an energy acquisition antenna, a rectifying circuit and a filtering circuit, wherein the acquisition antenna is used for acquiring radio frequency wireless energy in the environment, and the rectifying circuit and the filtering circuit are used for rectifying and filtering the radio frequency wireless energy and finally outputting direct current.

An energy management method of a radio frequency energy-powered self-driven wireless sensing node is based on the radio frequency energy-powered self-driven wireless sensing node,

s1, voltage conversion is carried out on radio frequency energy input by a power management chip PMIC, the output voltage Vout of the PMIC is respectively output to an OR gate and an AND gate, the threshold detection output signal PGOOD of the PMIC and an MCU jointly control the output of the AND gate and the OR gate, and the PGOOD is also input to the MCU as a signal;

s2, along with the conversion of radio frequency energy input by the PMIC, Vout gradually rises, after the Vout exceeds a high-voltage threshold, PGOOD is set high, the output of an OR gate is set high, a first load switch is conducted, and the MCU and the sensor are powered on;

s3, after the MCU is powered on, setting a control signal EN1 high;

s4, clearing the acquired data storage array by the MCU, and then periodically acquiring sensor data until the data acquisition is finished;

s5, the MCU controls the second load switch to be conducted through a control signal EN2 to enable the wireless communication module to be powered on, sends out the acquired sensor data through the wireless communication module, and then closes the second load switch;

and S6, the MCU detects that the PGOOD is high, the step returns to S4, if the PGOOD is low, the MCU enters a sleep mode to wait for the interruption trigger of the rising edge of the PGOOD, and the step S5 is executed after the interruption trigger.

Specifically, from S3 and S6, after the MCU is powered on, EN1 is set high, and then even if the PMIC output voltage drops to the low voltage threshold, the PGOOD goes low, or the or gate still outputs high, the first load switch is still turned on, and the MCU is not powered off, thereby ensuring the MCU to operate continuously and avoiding data loss.

It can be known from S4 that, when PGOOD is high, and the MCU finishes collecting sensor data, the MCU controls EN2 to set high, the second load switch is turned on, and the wireless communication module is powered on. And then the MCU sends the acquired data through the wireless communication module. If the wireless communication is abnormal, the data is retransmitted or the radio frequency energy input is unstable, so that the output voltage of the PMIC is reduced to a low-voltage threshold value, the PGOOD is set to be low, the AND gate is closed, the second load switch is turned off, and the wireless communication module does not consume power any more. Therefore, in each working cycle, as long as PGOOD is low, which indicates that the energy stored in the PMIC rear stage is insufficient, the second load switch is not turned on, and the wireless communication module does not operate, thereby avoiding unnecessary energy consumption.

In each working cycle, after the MCU sends the wireless data, the PGOOD level is detected, if the PGOOD level is low, the data sending is determined to have a problem, the sensor is not sampled any more in the working cycle, the working cycle enters the dormancy, the PGOOD is waited to be reset high again, the rising edge is interrupted to wake up the MCU, the wireless data sampled last time is sent out, and the normal working cycle is entered again. The working mechanism avoids data leakage caused by insufficient energy of a rear-stage capacitor of the PMIC.

Further, in S1, specifically, the control output EN1 of the MCU and the threshold detection output PGOOD of the PMIC take or control the on/off of the first load switch to supply power to the MCU and the sensor, the PMIC output voltage Vout reaches a preset high-voltage threshold PGOOD output high, the or gate output is high, the first load switch is turned on, and the MCU is powered on.

Specifically, the radio frequency energy input is connected with the PMIC, and the voltage output Vout of the PMIC is connected to the or gate, the and gate, the first load switch, the second load switch, and the second load switch. The OR gate and the AND gate are powered by Vout to work, and the first load switch and the second load switch are controlled to be switched on and switched off by output signals of the OR gate and the AND gate respectively.

The energy output of the first load switch is connected to the sensor and the MCU, the energy output of the second load switch is connected to the wireless communication module, and the MCU is respectively connected to the sensor and the wireless communication module.

At the beginning of system operation, radio frequency energy is input into the PMIC, through PMIC conversion, Vout rises, then Vout reaches PMIC preset high-voltage threshold, PMIC detects that output signal PGOOD is put high, or gate output is high, first load switch is conducted, PMIC's energy is transmitted to sensor and MCU, later MCU configuration EN1 is high.

MCU begins to gather sensor data, and configuration EN2 is high after gathering the completion, and PGOOD is also high this moment, and AND gate output is high, and second load switch switches on, and wireless communication module gets the electricity, and later MCU sends data through wireless communication module. And then the MCU reenters the working cycle of collecting the sensor data.

The MCU performs level detection on the PGOOD before acquiring the sensor data every time, continues to acquire the sensor data if detecting that the PGOOD is high, enters a sleep mode if detecting that the PGOOD is low, waits for interruption triggering of a rising edge of the PGOOD, and then starts a second load switch to transmit the data acquired last time.

Further, when the radio frequency energy input is unstable or the wireless communication module transmits unstable factors to cause the PMIC output voltage Vout to be reduced to the PMIC low-voltage threshold, the PMIC threshold detection output is set to be low, the MCU control pin EN1 is always set to be high, the first load switch is still conducted, when the MCU detects that the PGOOD is set to be low, the sensor is not sampled any more, the sensor enters a sleep mode, the PGOOD output rising edge of the PMIC is waited to be interrupted and awakened, the MCU is guaranteed to be powered off, and data loss is avoided.

Further, the PMIC and the MCU are conducted with the second load switch in a controlled mode, when the wireless communication module is abnormally communicated, the power consumption is overhigh, when the output voltage of the PMIC drops to a low-voltage threshold value, the output of the AND gate is low, the second load switch is closed, the wireless communication module is powered off, the electric energy is not consumed any more, the MCU can detect the PGOOD level after executing an instruction for sending wireless data, if the PGOOD level is low, the current power consumption is overhigh, the sensor data is not collected any more, the sensor data enters a sleep mode, the PGOOD output of the PMIC is waited to rise to be interrupted and awakened, the MCU sends the last data again after awakening, and data missing sending is avoided.

Specifically, the wireless communication module with high energy consumption and the MCU and the sensor with low energy consumption are distinguished through the first load switch and the second load switch. When the PMIC output voltage reaches a high-voltage threshold value, the MCU and the sensor work firstly, and the second load switch is switched on after the collection is finished to drive the wireless communication module to send wireless data.

The high and low voltage thresholds of the PMIC can be configured through peripheral circuits, but the configurable voltage range is generally very small and is 0.1-0.4V. By introducing EN1, it is left high until the MCU is powered up. In addition, EN1 keeps high level, the first load switch is always conducted, and the PMIC can always supply power to the MCU.

The above embodiments are only used to help understanding the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof, and a person skilled in the art can also make several modifications and decorations on the specific embodiments and application scope according to the idea of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.