阅读说明：本技术 一种金属零件机械加工工艺 (Metal part machining process ) 是由 石鑫 王广运 周小冰 蔡永清 胡水华 于 2021-08-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及零部件加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种金属零件机械加工工艺,其包括以下具体步骤：S1、下料；S2、铣立方；S3、热处理；S4、钻铰工艺孔；S5、粗加工；S6、扩铰工艺孔；S7、精铣筋高；S8、精铣腹板；S9、精铣侧壁；S10、精铣转角及接铣内腔底角；S11、铣薄工艺连接补块,送计量；S12、计量和检验,检测合格后浸油包装入库。本发明能高效快速的对高强度结构钢材毛坯进行加工,以制得所需的摇臂类零件,且能有效的提高刀具的使用寿命。(The invention relates to the technical field of part processing, in particular to a metal part machining process, which comprises the following specific steps of: s1, blanking; s2, milling a cube; s3, heat treatment; s4, drilling and reaming a fabrication hole; s5, rough machining; s6, reaming the fabrication hole; s7, fine milling the rib height; s8, finely milling a web plate; s9, finely milling the side wall; s10, finely milling corners and connecting and milling bottom angles of the inner cavity; s11, connecting the patch by a milling process, and metering; and S12, metering, inspecting, and soaking in oil, packaging and warehousing after the inspection is qualified. The invention can efficiently and quickly process the high-strength structural steel blank to prepare the required rocker arm parts, and can effectively prolong the service life of the cutter.)

1. A metal part machining process is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

s1, blanking;

determining the material of the metal part to be processed according to the design drawing of the metal part Y to be processed;

selecting a cubic blank A according to the determined material; the size of the blank A can wrap the metal part Y to be processed, and the dimensional tolerance range of the blank A is-3 to +5 mm; recording the grade of the blank A and the furnace batch;

s2, milling a cube;

determining the number of the smooth milling surfaces of the blank A during processing, and processing the blank A to obtain a blank B;

s3, carrying out heat treatment on the blank B to obtain a blank C;

s4, drilling and reaming the blank C to obtain a blank D;

s5, roughly processing the blank D to obtain a blank E, and placing the blank E in a natural environment for not less than 48 hours;

s6, reaming the blank E to obtain a blank F;

s7, performing fine milling on the blank F to obtain a blank G;

s8, finely milling a web plate on the blank G to obtain a blank H;

s9, performing finish milling on the side wall of the blank H to obtain a blank I;

s10, performing finish milling on the corner and the bottom corner of the inner cavity of the blank I to obtain a blank J;

s11, performing a milling process on the blank J to connect and patch the blank J, and feeding and metering to obtain a metal part Y;

and S12, metering and inspecting the metal part Y, and soaking in oil, packaging and warehousing after the metal part Y is detected to be qualified.

2. The metal part machining process according to claim 1, wherein the process requirements for milling different surfaces in S2 are as follows:

when a plane is milled, the blank A needs to be in a free state;

when a single surface is milled, the flatness of the blank A is in the process requirement range;

when a vertical plane is milled, the blank A needs to be vertical at 90 degrees;

when the parallel surface is milled, the parallelism of the blank A is in the process requirement range.

3. The process of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the blank B is measured to be not more than 25mm before the blank B is heat-treated in S3;

if the thickness of the blank B is not more than 25mm, directly carrying out heat treatment on the blank B;

and if the thickness of the blank B is more than 25mm, performing rough machining on the blank B and performing heat treatment on the machined blank after a machining allowance is left.

4. The metal part machining process according to claim 1, wherein a drill bit with proper rigidity is selected before drilling and reaming the process hole on the blank C in S4, sufficient milling liquid is ensured, and a feed mode of multiple feed and withdrawal is adopted.

5. The metal part machining process according to claim 1, wherein a drill bit with proper rigidity is selected before reaming a process hole on the blank E in S6, sufficient milling liquid is ensured, and a feed mode of multiple feed and withdrawal is adopted.

6. The metal part machining process according to claim 1, wherein the specific machining mode for performing the fine rib height milling in the step S7 comprises the following steps:

s101, firstly, performing forward milling;

and S102, machining the inclined rib in a one-way forward milling and line cutting mode.

7. The process of claim 1, wherein in step S7, when the stock F has a large cutting allowance, the stock F is subjected to semi-finish milling and then to finish milling to obtain the final height.

8. The process of claim 1, wherein the finish milling of the web in S8 is performed by oscillating wire or spiral cutting.

9. The metal part machining process according to claim 1, wherein when the side wall of the blank H is subjected to finish milling, the side wall of the part is machined in place in an axial layering manner by using a solid carbide tool; the cutting mode adopts fixed angle line cutting or side tooth line cutting, and the feed mode adopts One-way;

the Zig-zag mode may be used when the blank H is curved.

10. The metal part machining process according to claim 1, wherein a semi-finish milling operation is performed before finish milling corners is performed on the blank I in S10;

when the corner of the side wall is finely milled, axial layered cutting is adopted, arc advancing and retracting cutters are arranged, and the arc of the corner is properly increased;

when the bottom angle of the inner cavity is milled, the bottom angle is milled clearly in a fixed-angle line cutting mode, the maximum depth of axial layering is 0.2-0.3 mm, and layering is conducted radially according to cutting allowance so as to reduce tool vibration.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of part machining, in particular to a metal part machining process.

Background

The rocker arm type parts are commonly found in an aircraft control system, and mainly have the function of realizing torque transmission through fixing a torsion tube so as to control an aircraft, and are core connecting parts in a flight control system. The types of rocker arm parts are various, and main processing materials adopted in the industry are divided into three main types, namely hard alloy, titanium alloy and stainless steel. The hard alloy and titanium alloy parts have the highest proportion, the research in the industry is deepest, and the machining process is mature and stable. However, for parts made of stainless steel materials which are small in occupied ratio but indispensable, researches on machining processes are few, certain aspects in the industry still lack mature machining process routes, the quality of produced parts is unstable, appearance processes cannot be guaranteed, and the reject ratio of the machined parts is extremely high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a metal part machining process capable of meeting the production requirements of stainless steel rocker arm parts aiming at the problems in the background technology.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a metal part machining process comprises the following specific steps:

s1, blanking;

determining the material of the metal part to be processed according to the design drawing of the metal part Y to be processed;

selecting a cubic blank A according to the determined material; the size of the blank A can wrap the metal part Y to be processed, and the dimensional tolerance range of the blank A is-3 to +5 mm; recording the grade of the blank A and the furnace batch;

s2, milling a cube;

determining the number of the smooth milling surfaces of the blank A during processing, and processing the blank A to obtain a blank B;

s3, carrying out heat treatment on the blank B to obtain a blank C;

s4, drilling and reaming the blank C to obtain a blank D;

s5, roughly processing the blank D to obtain a blank E, and placing the blank E in a natural environment for not less than 48 hours;

s6, reaming the blank E to obtain a blank F;

s7, performing fine milling on the blank F to obtain a blank G;

s8, finely milling a web plate on the blank G to obtain a blank H;

s9, performing finish milling on the side wall of the blank H to obtain a blank I;

s10, performing finish milling on the corner and the bottom corner of the inner cavity of the blank I to obtain a blank J;

s11, performing a milling process on the blank J to connect and patch the blank J, and feeding and metering to obtain a metal part Y;

and S12, metering and inspecting the metal part Y, and soaking in oil, packaging and warehousing after the metal part Y is detected to be qualified.

Preferably, the process requirements for milling different surfaces in S2 are specifically:

when a plane is milled, the blank A needs to be in a free state;

when a single surface is milled, the flatness of the blank A is in the process requirement range;

when a vertical plane is milled, the blank A needs to be vertical at 90 degrees;

when the parallel surface is milled, the parallelism of the blank A is in the process requirement range.

Preferably, before the heat treatment of the blank B in S3, whether the thickness of the blank B is not more than 25mm is measured;

if the thickness of the blank B is not more than 25mm, directly carrying out heat treatment on the blank B;

and if the thickness of the blank B is more than 25mm, performing rough machining on the blank B and performing heat treatment on the machined blank after a machining allowance is left.

Preferably, before drilling and reaming the process hole on the blank C in S4, a drill bit with proper rigidity is selected, sufficient milling liquid is ensured, and a feed mode of multiple feed and withdrawal is adopted.

Preferably, before reaming the process hole of the blank E in S6, selecting a drill bit with proper rigidity, ensuring sufficient milling liquid, and adopting a feed mode of multiple feed and withdrawal.

Preferably, the specific machining mode for finely milling the rib height in the step S7 includes the following steps:

s101, firstly, performing forward milling;

and S102, machining the inclined rib in a one-way forward milling and line cutting mode.

Preferably, in S7, when the cutting allowance of the blank F is large, the blank F is subjected to semi-finish milling, and then finish milling is performed to increase the rib height.

Preferably, the lower cutting mode in the finish milling of the web in S8 is an oscillation line lower cutter or a spiral lower cutter.

Preferably, when the side wall of the blank H is finely milled, the side wall of the part is processed in place in an axial layering mode by adopting an integral hard alloy cutter; the cutting mode adopts fixed angle line cutting or side tooth line cutting, and the feed mode adopts One-way;

the Zig-zag mode may be used when the blank H is curved.

Preferably, in S10, semi-finish milling operation is carried out before finish milling corner is carried out on the blank I;

when the corner of the side wall is finely milled, axial layered cutting is adopted, arc advancing and retracting cutters are arranged, and the arc of the corner is properly increased;

when the bottom angle of the inner cavity is milled, the bottom angle is milled clearly in a fixed-angle line cutting mode, the maximum depth of axial layering is 0.2-0.3 mm, and layering is conducted radially according to cutting allowance so as to reduce tool vibration.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

the invention carries out the analysis of the whole machining process on the stainless steel materials which are small but not absent from the perspective of relative specialty, and combines the practical experience of production for many years, provides a metal part machining process which mainly aims at the machining of 0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al (D) -II stainless steel rocker arm type parts, greatly improves the machining efficiency of the material parts, stably and effectively prolongs the service life of a cutter, greatly reduces the cutter cost and saves the machining cost;

practice proves that the metal part machining process provided by the invention can efficiently improve the part machining efficiency and meet the requirement of rapid production and delivery of manufacturers and enterprises; more importantly, the metal part machining process can be used as an industry reference and reference, can be popularized and used in the production of parts made of other similar materials, benefits the society, promotes economic development and is worthy of popularization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a metal part machining process according to the present invention

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of 0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al (D) -II stainless steel rocker arm parts.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along a-a in fig. 2.

Reference numerals: 1. a rocker arm body; 2. an inner cavity; 3. a tab; 4. a tab through hole; 5. turning the inner cavity; 6. a stepped hole; 7. a sidewall of the inner chamber; 8. the rib height is high; 9. a tab slot; 10. a tab web; 11. the bottom corner of the inner cavity.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, the machining process for metal parts provided by the invention comprises the following specific steps:

s1, blanking;

determining the material of the metal part to be processed according to the design drawing of the metal part Y to be processed;

selecting a cubic blank A according to the determined material; the size of the blank A can wrap the metal part Y to be processed, and the dimensional tolerance range of the blank A is-3 to +5 mm; recording the grade of the blank A and the furnace batch;

further, the blank A is made of 0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al (D) -II stainless steel;

s2, milling a cube;

determining the number of the smooth milling surfaces of the blank A during processing, and processing the blank A to obtain a blank B; determining whether the blank A is subjected to finish milling of a single surface or milling of multiple surfaces according to the processing content or the cross-connecting sheet required by the process, wherein six surfaces are formed when the multiple surfaces are milled;

further, the process requirements for milling different surfaces are specifically as follows:

when a plane is milled, the blank A needs to be in a free state;

when a single surface is milled, the flatness of the blank A is within the process requirement range, namely milling and polishing;

when a vertical surface is milled, the blanks A are generally required to be perpendicular to each other by 90 degrees through mutually diagonal rules;

when the parallel surface is milled, the parallelism of the blank A is in the process requirement range;

s3, carrying out heat treatment on the blank B to obtain a blank C;

for stainless steel materials, heat treatment is often required to achieve a certain design strength, and quenching treatment is generally performed;

further, before the blank B is subjected to heat treatment, whether the thickness of the blank B is not more than 25mm is measured;

if the thickness of the blank B is not more than 25mm, directly carrying out heat treatment on the blank B;

if the thickness of the blank B is larger than 25mm, performing rough machining on the blank B and performing heat treatment on the machined blank after a machining allowance is reserved;

s4, drilling and reaming the blank C to obtain a blank D;

for the stainless steel material after heat treatment, because the cutting strength is higher, the toughness is larger, the heat conductivity of the stainless steel material is poor, the adhesion of cutting scraps is strong, if the cutter cannot be cooled well when the blank C is drilled and reamed, a cutter point is easy to generate a large amount of accumulated scraps, and the conditions such as cutter burning, cutter breaking and the like are caused, therefore, a drill bit with proper rigidity is selected before the blank C is drilled and reamed, sufficient milling liquid is ensured, and the service life of the cutter can be effectively prolonged by adopting a cutter feeding mode of feeding and retracting the cutter for multiple times;

s5, rough machining is conducted on the blank D to obtain a blank E, and then the blank E is placed in a natural environment for not less than 48 hours to fully release machining residual stress after rough machining;

the cutting strength of the stainless steel part after heat treatment is higher, the abrasion of a cutter becomes very serious during milling, and the rough machining of the blank with the thickness exceeding the set thickness is carried out in a layering way; during rough machining, a large-diameter indexable milling cutter is used for machining, and the rough machining feed mode adopts forward milling from inside to outside; in addition, a certain amount of corner arcs are added at the corners of the cutter path during rough machining for cutting transition, so that unnecessary cutter impact is reduced, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged;

if the part heat treatment process is arranged behind rough machining, the allowance of a finish milling reference plane after heat treatment needs to be reserved in the rough machining so as to facilitate the work of positioning the reference plane;

s6, reaming the blank E to obtain a blank F;

before reaming the process hole of the blank E, selecting a drill bit with proper rigidity, ensuring sufficient milling liquid, and adopting a feed mode of feeding and retracting for multiple times;

when the blank E is subjected to reaming process holes, firstly, a finish-milling reference surface is determined, the finish-milled reference surface is used as a positioning reference bottom surface, and then the reaming process holes are performed, so that the perpendicularity of the process holes and the reference surface can be effectively ensured, the occurrence of hole deviation is avoided, and the accurate positioning is really realized;

s7, performing fine milling on the blank F to obtain a blank G;

the rib height generally comprises a flat top rib, an inclined rib, a circular arc rib and the like, and the processing is generally arranged before a web is finely milled after rough processing, so that the rigidity of a processed part is strongest and the cutting stability is best;

the specific processing mode for finely milling the rib height comprises the following steps:

s101, forward milling is firstly carried out, and reverse milling is avoided as much as possible, so that the cutting chips are very thin when the cutter is used for cutting away parts, and cutter sticking and chip accumulation are not easy to generate;

s102, the inclined ribs are machined in a one-way forward milling and line cutting mode, so that a good rib appearance process is guaranteed, edge breakage and cutter breakage during upward and downward machining of the cutter can be effectively avoided, the cutter cost is saved, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged;

further, when the cutting allowance of the blank F is large, firstly carrying out semi-finish milling on the blank F, and then carrying out finish milling on the blank F to obtain the rib height; the purpose is to reduce the cutting allowance during finish milling, to ensure the finish milling allowance to be uniform, to effectively reduce the torque burden of a machine tool and to ensure smooth cutting;

s8, finely milling a web plate on the blank G to obtain a blank H;

according to the situation of cutting allowance, semi-finish milling can be added before finish milling of the web;

further, the lower cutter mode during finish milling of the web is oscillation line lower cutter or spiral lower cutter; the spiral diameter and the lower cutter angle are required to accord with cutting parameters of a cutter, the advancing and retreating lower cutter speed is adjusted to be 50-70% of the normal processing feeding speed, and the feed mode is also used for forward milling from inside to outside;

s9, performing finish milling on the side wall of the blank H to obtain a blank I; wherein, the semi-finish milling content can be added before finish milling the side wall;

when the side wall of the blank H is finely milled, the side wall of the part is processed in place in an axial layering mode by adopting an integral hard alloy cutter; the cutting mode adopts fixed angle line cutting or side tooth line cutting, and the feed mode adopts One-way to ensure the appearance process of the part;

when the blank H is milled with a curve, a Zig-way mode can be adopted;

the maximum depth of each axial layer is 0.3-0.4 mm during fixed-angle row cutting, the maximum depth of each axial layer can be determined according to the situation during side tooth row cutting, generally 1-2 mm is selected, and the depth of each layer can be correspondingly increased when the side wall is uniform. When the side wall is finely milled, a multi-tooth integral carbide tool with the diameter of 16 or 12 is usually selected, and a certain amount of corner arcs and corner deceleration are required to be properly increased during programming so as to reduce cutting impact and protect the tool;

s10, performing finish milling on the corner and the bottom corner of the inner cavity of the blank I to obtain a blank J; the semi-finish milling content is added before the corner is milled, the corner position of the side wall can be flattened, and finally the uniform allowance is ensured during finish milling;

because a corner, generally R3 or R6, often exists between the two side walls of the closed angle of the inner cavity, the base angle is generally R1 or R3, and the cutter adopted during finish milling of the side walls of the cavity is phi 16, the corner is not milled cleanly, and a large residual amount exists. Therefore, the final corner finishing is carried out by using a finishing tool with the diameter phi 6 or phi 12;

when the corner of the side wall is finely milled, axial layered cutting is adopted, arc advancing and retracting cutters are arranged, and corner arcs are properly added, so that the cutting impact on the cutters is reduced;

when the bottom angle of the inner cavity is milled, the bottom angle is milled in a fixed-angle line cutting mode, the diameter of the adopted cutter is phi 6 or phi 12, sometimes, a lengthened sleeve or a pen-like milling cutter (a pencil-like cutter special for milling the bottom angle) is needed to be used, the bottom angle is milled in a fixed-angle line cutting mode, the maximum axial layering depth is 0.2-0.3 mm, layering is carried out radially according to cutting allowance so as to reduce cutter vibration, and the processing quality of the bottom angle of the part is guaranteed;

s11, performing a milling process on the blank J to connect and patch the blank J, and feeding and metering to obtain a metal part Y;

the parts need to be measured when the parts have external surfaces and cannot be detected conventionally;

and S12, metering and inspecting the metal part Y, and soaking in oil, packaging and warehousing after the metal part Y is detected to be qualified.

Detailed description of the invention

FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate a rocker arm component made of 0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al (D) -II stainless steel material, and the rocker arm component is machined according to the above-described metal component machining process, using the rocker arm component as an example;

firstly, selecting cubic blanks made of 0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al (D) -II stainless steel according to the design size of the rocker arm parts, determining the brand and the furnace batch number of the 0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al (D) -II stainless steel, wherein the cubic blanks made of the 0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al (D) -II stainless steel can wrap the finally produced rocker arm parts, and the tolerance of the cubic blanks is ensured to be within-3 to +5 mm;

step two, performing finish milling on six surfaces of a blank material to ensure that the diagonal square can not be milled to exceed the lowest limit of the size of the blank to be wrapped by the part;

thirdly, drilling and reaming the fabrication hole

The lug through hole 4 and the stepped hole 6 on the rocker arm body 1 are adopted as process positioning holes, the principle of 'two holes and one surface positioning' is met, and the drilling parameters are as follows:

main shaft rotating speed S: 800-1000 r/min;

feeding F: 50-100 mm/min, wherein the cutting depth Ap of each layer meets the cutting parameters of a cutter, and the maximum cutting depth is 1 mm;

in addition, 0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al (D) -II belongs to high-strength steel, and the conditions of cutter burning, drill breaking and the like are very easy to occur in drilling, cooling liquid, drilling chip removal and drill rigidity are considered emphatically, and the situation that the cutter advances and retreats for many times is noticed, the cooling liquid is supplemented timely, and the drill is changed frequently;

fourthly, numerical control rough machining

Firstly, rough machining is carried out, and subsequent heat treatment is carried out; considering that the subsequent heat treatment has certain requirement on the quenching thickness of the material (the quenching thickness of a blank is generally less than 25mm), rough machining before heat treatment is required, and mainly milling the allowance of a part of the inner cavity 2 to ensure that the material of the part is completely quenched;

considering that the cutting strength of the stainless steel part after heat treatment is high, the cutter is seriously abraded during milling; in order to alleviate the phenomenon, the programming needs to carry out layering rough machining on the blank with a certain thickness (refer to a layering principle that the machining time is about 2h, and the corresponding layering depth is converted about 6h in the process of machining the aluminum piece). From the viewpoint of cost, a large-diameter indexable milling cutter (such as a high-feed indexable milling cutter or a general indexable milling cutter, and a welding tooth milling cutter or a special hard alloy milling cutter can be selected in special cases) is preferably adopted, and the rough machining feed mode adopts the forward milling from inside to outside.

The roughing cutter during numerical control roughing is phi 16 indexable;

the rough machining adopts the parameters: main shaft rotating speed S: 800-1000 r/min;

feeding F: 600-800 mm/min, wherein the cutting depth Ap of each layer meets the cutting parameters of a cutter, and the maximum cutting depth is 1 mm;

fifth step, heat treatment

The blank after heat treatment needs to meet the requirement that sigma b is more than or equal to 1515 +/-100 Mpa; naturally and effectively taking more than 48 hours for the blank after heat treatment so as to fully release the stress during heat treatment;

sixth step, finish milling single surface

In the same second step, the deformation of the blank caused by heat treatment is milled off, and a single plane is optically milled out to be used as a positioning reference plane

Seventh step, reaming the fabrication hole

In the third step, the smooth surface in the sixth step is taken as a reference, and the fabrication hole is reamed and reamed again, so that the accuracy of subsequent processing and positioning is ensured;

eighth step, finish machining by numerical control

The finish machining comprises the steps of finish milling rib height 8, finish milling web 10, finish milling side wall 7, finish milling corner 5 and milling inner cavity base angle 11; selecting phi 12 hard alloy for a finish milling cutter; the finish machining adopts the following parameters: main shaft rotating speed S: 1500-2500 r/min, feeding F: 400-600 mm/min, wherein the cutting depth Ap of each layer meets the cutting parameters of a cutter, and the maximum cutting depth is 1 mm; the method comprises the following specific steps:

s81, fine milling the rib height;

s82, finely milling a web plate;

s83, finely milling the side wall;

s84, finely milling corners and connecting and milling bottom angles of the inner cavity;

ninth step, blanking

Milling small-diameter hard alloy to be thin or to break the connecting block;

the blanking cutter is made of phi 8 hard alloy;

the finish machining adopts the following parameters: main shaft rotating speed S: 1000-1500 r/min, feeding F: 200-300 mm/min, wherein the cutting depth Ap of each layer meets the cutting parameters of a cutter, and the maximum cutting depth is 0.5 mm; after the part is blanked, the part is sent to a heat treatment machine to eliminate the residual stress after the part is machined;

tenth, other auxiliary machining processes;

the tenth step, finished product inspection and part delivery

And after the parts are qualified, certain product protection measures are taken, and finally the parts are delivered.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.