阅读说明：本技术 一种用于模拟盾构开挖和监测隧道与土体变形的可视化装置以及盾构模拟试验方法 (Visual device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation and shield simulation test method ) 是由 沈梦芬 娄国潮 孙宏磊 潘晓东 伍婷玉 徐山琳 蓝沐林 于 2021-06-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种用于模拟盾构开挖和监测隧道与土体变形的可视化装置以及采用上述可视化装置实施的盾构模拟试验方法,该可视化装置包括：模型箱、隧道开挖装置、支承调节系统、监测系统,其隧道开挖装置采用3D打印技术等比例缩小打印和拼装管片,支承调节系统采用支撑台和千斤顶模拟盾构开挖,将挖孔装置和管片衬砌组装后模拟盾构掘进。本发明的装置中的监测系统采用光纤应变感测技术,实现了监测数据的无线传输、自动化处理和可视化,还通过采用调节板和不同功能模块组合,实现了不同自然环境、地质条件和施工条件等多种工况作用下盾构穿越过程和隧道运营过程模拟,为盾构穿越优化施工和隧道运营安全、应急响应措施提供参考。(The invention discloses a visual device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation and a shield simulation test method implemented by adopting the visual device, wherein the visual device comprises: the tunnel excavation device adopts a 3D printing technology to reduce in equal proportion, print and assemble duct pieces, the supporting and adjusting system adopts a supporting platform and a jack to simulate shield excavation, and the hole digging device and the duct piece lining are assembled to simulate shield excavation. The monitoring system in the device adopts an optical fiber strain sensing technology, realizes wireless transmission, automatic processing and visualization of monitoring data, also realizes simulation of a shield crossing process and a tunnel operation process under the action of various working conditions such as different natural environments, geological conditions, construction conditions and the like by adopting a regulating plate and different functional modules, and provides reference for shield crossing optimization construction and tunnel operation safety and emergency response measures.)

1. A visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation, comprising: the device comprises a model box, a tunnel excavation device, a supporting and adjusting system and a monitoring system;

the soil sample collected by site construction is filled in the model box, the soil sample is buried in layers based on the geometric similarity ratio principle, the soil layer distribution on the site is simulated, and the front side and the rear side of the model box are composed of detachable plug boards with holes;

the tunnel excavation device is combined by a hole digging device and a segment lining, the front end of the hole digging device is a circular table type smooth sharp cutting ring, and the rear end of the hole digging device is a hollow cylinder for loading soil; the segment lining is obtained by using a 3D printing technology and is formed by combining a plurality of segments; a gap does not exist among the circular truncated cone type smooth sharp cutting ring, the cylinder for loading soil and the segment lining, and the cylinder is provided with threads for being connected with the segment lining into a whole; the segments are connected through bolts, and the segment at one end of the segment lining is provided with a thread shape and is in threaded connection with the cylinder;

a supporting and adjusting system is arranged below the excavation device and comprises a tunnel supporting platform, a reset spring, a jack supporting platform, a jack base, a jacking plate and a jack reaction platform; the tunnel supporting tables are connected into a whole through the return springs, and the distance between the tunnel supporting tables is adjusted through the return springs; the tunnel excavation is realized through the jack, a jacking plate is placed between the jack and the tunnel excavation device, and the jack pushes the jacking plate to control the advance of the tunnel;

the monitoring system monitors the deformation of the soil body and the segment lining by using an optical fiber strain sensing technology, the strain sensing optical fiber and the temperature compensation optical fiber are arranged in the soil of the model box and on the segment lining, and data acquisition and wireless transmission can be carried out through an optical fiber demodulator; the monitoring data is displayed on a computer screen in real time, and corresponding deformation information is obtained through computer automatic processing.

2. The visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of clamping grooves are vertically arranged at the front side and the rear side of the model box from top to bottom, each clamping groove is partitioned by a vertical frame strip, a plurality of height adjusting baffles and a hollow baffle are arranged in the middle clamping groove, and a plurality of height adjusting baffles are arranged in the clamping grooves at the two sides; the clamping groove, the height adjusting baffle and the hollowing baffle are symmetrically arranged on the acrylic plate at the rear side of the model box and at the front side of the model box, the height adjusting baffle in the clamping groove can move up and down, the height and the width of the height adjusting plates at the bottoms of two sides are consistent with those of the hollowing baffle, and the height and the width of the other height adjusting plates are consistent.

3. The visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the deformation monitoring system of the soil body and the segment lining consists of a strain sensing optical fiber, an optical fiber demodulator and a computer, wherein the strain sensing optical fiber is arranged in soil of a model box and on the segment lining, and the deformation of the soil body and the segment lining is monitored by the optical fiber demodulator; data collected by the optical fiber demodulator can be transmitted to a computer through wireless transmission, the strain sensing optical fibers are provided with temperature compensation optical fibers in parallel, and the monitoring data of the strain sensing optical fibers are subtracted from the monitoring data of the temperature compensation optical fibers so as to obtain deformation information of soil and segment linings; the strain sensing optical fiber sequentially comprises a fiber core and a reinforcing sheath from inside to outside, and the optical fiber is prevented from being damaged in the installation process.

4. The visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the utility model discloses a water spraying device, including mold box, water jet pipe net, spray nozzle, water jet pipe net, house steward pass through external pipe connection inlet tube, advance water piping connection water pump, the mold box top is provided with water jet equipment, and water jet equipment relies on the water jet equipment support of fixing on the mold box to support, water jet equipment includes the water jet pipe net, and the water jet is seted up to the water jet pipe net intensive down, and water jet nozzle department installs the shower nozzle, the house steward of water jet pipe net passes through external pipe connection inlet tube, advances water piping connection water pump.

5. The visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation according to claim 3, wherein: the utility model discloses a water spraying device, including mold box, water jet pipe net, spray nozzle, water jet pipe net, house steward pass through external pipe connection inlet tube, advance water piping connection water pump, the mold box top is provided with water jet equipment, and water jet equipment relies on the water jet equipment support of fixing on the mold box to support, water jet equipment includes the water jet pipe net, and the water jet is seted up to the water jet pipe net intensive down, and water jet nozzle department installs the shower nozzle, the house steward of water jet pipe net passes through external pipe connection inlet tube, advances water piping connection water pump.

6. The visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation according to claim 4, wherein: the model box is fixedly provided with a radiation lamp support, a heat radiation lamp is fixedly arranged on the radiation lamp support, the heat radiation lamp irradiates a soil sample in a directional mode to simulate the sun to irradiate and heat, the water spraying device support is fixedly arranged on two sides of the model box, the radiation lamp support is arranged between frames on two sides of the model box, the radiation lamp support is provided with a motor to drive the radiation lamp support to move up and down, the motor drives the radiation lamp support to drive the heat radiation lamp to move up and be located above the water spraying pipe network when the water spraying pipe network sprays water, and the motor drives the heat radiation lamp support to drive the heat radiation lamp to move down and be located below the water spraying pipe network when the heat radiation lamp radiates heat.

7. The visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation according to claim 5, wherein: the model box is fixedly provided with a radiation lamp support, a heat radiation lamp is fixedly arranged on the radiation lamp support, the heat radiation lamp irradiates a soil sample in a directional mode to simulate the sun to irradiate and heat, the water spraying device support is fixedly arranged on two sides of the model box, the radiation lamp support is arranged between frames on two sides of the model box, the radiation lamp support is provided with a motor to drive the radiation lamp support to move up and down, the motor drives the radiation lamp support to drive the heat radiation lamp to move up and be located above the water spraying pipe network when the water spraying pipe network sprays water, and the motor drives the heat radiation lamp support to drive the heat radiation lamp to move down and be located below the water spraying pipe network when the heat radiation lamp radiates heat.

8. A shield simulation test method implemented by using the visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

A. according to the survey data, burying the model box soil body based on the similarity ratio theory to simulate the actual soil layer distribution;

B. installing a strain sensing optical fiber in soil of a model box, and monitoring the deformation of the soil body by using an optical fiber demodulator; data collected by the optical fiber demodulator can be transmitted to a computer through wireless transmission, the strain sensing optical fibers are provided with temperature compensation optical fibers in parallel, and the monitoring data of the strain sensing optical fibers are subtracted from the monitoring data of the temperature compensation optical fibers to obtain deformation information of a soil body; the strain sensing optical fiber sequentially comprises a fiber core and a reinforcing sheath from inside to outside, so that the optical fiber is prevented from being damaged in the installation process;

C. installing a strain sensing optical fiber on a segment lining, and monitoring the deformation of the segment lining by using an optical fiber demodulator; data acquired by the optical fiber demodulator can be transmitted to a computer through wireless transmission, the strain sensing optical fibers are provided with temperature compensation optical fibers in parallel, and the monitoring data of the strain sensing optical fibers are subtracted from the monitoring data of the temperature compensation optical fibers so as to obtain the deformation information of the segment lining; the strain sensing optical fiber sequentially comprises a fiber core and a reinforcing sheath from inside to outside, so that the optical fiber is prevented from being damaged in the installation process;

D. the tunnel excavation device is combined by a hole digging device and a segment lining, wherein the front end of the hole digging device is a circular table type smooth sharp cutting ring, and the rear end of the hole digging device is a hollow cylinder for loading soil; the segment lining is obtained by using a 3D printing technology and is formed by combining a plurality of segments, and the segment lining and the soil loading cylinder are connected into a whole through threads;

E. a supporting and adjusting system is arranged below the excavation device, the tunnel supporting tables are connected into a whole through a return spring, and the distance between the tunnel supporting tables is adjusted through the return spring; the tunnel excavation is realized through the jack, a jacking plate is placed between the jack and the tunnel excavation device, and the jack pushes the jacking plate to control the advance of the tunnel;

F. the monitoring system monitors the deformation of the soil body and the segment lining by using an optical fiber strain sensing technology, installs strain sensing optical fibers in the soil of the model box and on the segment lining, and can acquire data and transmit the data wirelessly through an optical fiber demodulator; the monitoring data is displayed on a computer screen in real time, and corresponding deformation information is obtained through computer automatic processing.

9. The shield simulation test method of the visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation according to claim 8, wherein: the pipe pieces are connected through bolts, and meanwhile, the pipe piece at one end of the pipe piece lining is provided with a thread shape and is in threaded connection with the cylinder.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of tunnels and underground engineering, in particular to a visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring deformation of tunnels and soil bodies. The invention also relates to a shield simulation test method implemented by adopting the visual device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil body deformation.

Background

With the acceleration of the urbanization process in China, urban rail transit is rapidly developed, and the scale of the shield tunnel is continuously enlarged. The construction of the shield tunnel is restricted by surrounding buildings and environmental factors, for example, the tunnel inevitably passes through a dense building area or an existing underground pipeline, and the influence of the tunnel construction on the surrounding buildings and structures needs to be fully considered; and if the tunnel construction and operation process can be influenced by severe weather such as rainstorm, high temperature and the like, the deformation of surrounding soil bodies is easily caused, and the tunnel safety is challenged. The shield tunnel has obvious traffic effect, and the construction and operation safety of the shield tunnel influences the normal operation of life and property safety and social and economic activities of people. In order to improve the safety of the shield tunnel engineering during construction and operation, an indoor model test of the shield tunnel is needed to be carried out before the engineering is carried out, working conditions that the tunnel passes through existing buildings, underground pipelines, riverways and the like in construction are simulated, various disasters in the tunnel construction and operation processes are simulated, meanwhile, deformation of soil bodies and segments is monitored in real time, and a corresponding solution is provided for the engineering practice through data analysis.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a visual device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation, which can be used for analyzing the displacement change of the soil and the strain state of tunnel segments in the shield crossing construction process and researching the development law of a stratum disturbance mechanism and uneven ground surface settlement. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is also to provide a shield simulation test method implemented by adopting the visual device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil body deformation.

Therefore, the invention provides a visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring deformation of a tunnel and a soil body, which comprises: the device comprises a model box, a tunnel excavation device, a supporting and adjusting system and a monitoring system;

the soil sample collected by site construction is filled in the model box, the soil sample is buried in layers based on the geometric similarity ratio principle, the soil layer distribution on the site is simulated, and the front side and the rear side of the model box are composed of detachable plug boards with holes;

the tunnel excavation device is combined by a hole digging device and a segment lining, the front end of the hole digging device is a circular table type smooth sharp cutting ring, and the rear end of the hole digging device is a hollow cylinder for loading soil; the segment lining is obtained by using a 3D printing technology and is formed by combining a plurality of segments; a gap does not exist among the circular truncated cone type smooth sharp cutting ring, the cylinder for loading soil and the segment lining, and the cylinder is provided with threads for being connected with the segment lining into a whole; the segments are connected through bolts, and the segment at one end of the segment lining is provided with a thread shape and is in threaded connection with the cylinder;

a supporting and adjusting system is arranged below the excavation device and comprises a tunnel supporting platform, a reset spring, a jack supporting platform, a jack base, a jacking plate and a jack reaction platform; the tunnel supporting tables are connected into a whole through the return springs, and the distance between the tunnel supporting tables is adjusted through the return springs; the excavation of the tunnel is realized through the jack, a jacking plate is placed between the jack and the tunnel excavation device, and the advancing of the tunnel is controlled by jacking the jacking plate through the jack;

the monitoring system monitors the deformation of the soil body and the segment lining by using an optical fiber strain sensing technology, installs strain sensing optical fibers in the soil of the model box and on the segment lining, and can acquire data and transmit the data wirelessly through an optical fiber demodulator; the monitoring data is displayed on a computer screen in real time, and corresponding deformation information is obtained through computer automatic processing.

Preferably, a plurality of clamping grooves are vertically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the model box from top to bottom, each clamping groove is partitioned by a vertical frame strip, a plurality of height adjusting baffles and a hollow baffle are arranged in the middle clamping groove, and a plurality of height adjusting baffles are arranged in the clamping grooves on the two sides; the clamping groove, the height adjusting baffle and the hollowing baffle are symmetrically arranged on the acrylic plate at the rear side of the model box and at the front side of the model box, the height adjusting baffle in the clamping groove can move up and down, the height and the width of the height adjusting plates at the bottoms of two sides are consistent with those of the hollowing baffle, and the height and the width of the other height adjusting plates are consistent.

Preferably, the deformation monitoring system of the soil body and the segment lining consists of a strain sensing optical fiber, an optical fiber demodulator and a computer, wherein the strain sensing optical fiber is arranged in soil of the model box and on the segment lining, and the deformation of the soil body and the segment lining is monitored by the optical fiber demodulator; data collected by the optical fiber demodulator can be transmitted to a computer through wireless transmission, the strain sensing optical fibers are provided with temperature compensation optical fibers in parallel, and the monitoring data of the strain sensing optical fibers are subtracted from the monitoring data of the temperature compensation optical fibers so as to obtain deformation information of soil and segment linings; the strain sensing optical fiber sequentially comprises a fiber core and a reinforcing sheath from inside to outside, and the optical fiber is prevented from being damaged in the installation process.

Preferably, the model case top is provided with water jet equipment, and water jet equipment supports by the water jet equipment support of fixing on the model case, water jet equipment includes the spray pipe net, and the water jet is seted up to the spray pipe net intensive down, and water jet department installs the shower nozzle, the house steward of spray pipe net passes through external pipe connection inlet tube, advances water piping connection water pump.

Preferably, a radiation lamp support is fixed on the model box, a heat radiation lamp is fixedly arranged on the radiation lamp support, the heat radiation lamp irradiates a soil sample directionally to simulate the sun to irradiate and heat up, the water spraying device support is fixedly arranged on two sides of the model box, the radiation lamp support is arranged between frames on two sides of the model box, the radiation lamp support is provided with a motor to drive the radiation lamp to move up and down, the motor drives the radiation lamp support to drive the heat radiation lamp to move up and be positioned above the water spraying pipe network when the water spraying pipe network sprays water, and the motor drives the heat radiation lamp support to drive the heat radiation lamp to move down and be positioned below the water spraying pipe network when the heat radiation lamp radiates heat.

The invention also provides a shield simulation test method implemented by adopting the visual device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil body deformation, which comprises the following steps:

A. according to the survey data, burying the model box soil body based on the similarity ratio theory to simulate the actual soil layer distribution;

B. installing a strain sensing optical fiber in soil of a model box, and monitoring the deformation of the soil body by using an optical fiber demodulator; data collected by the optical fiber demodulator can be transmitted to a computer through wireless transmission, the strain sensing optical fibers are provided with temperature compensation optical fibers in parallel, and the monitoring data of the strain sensing optical fibers are subtracted from the monitoring data of the temperature compensation optical fibers to obtain deformation information of a soil body; the strain sensing optical fiber sequentially comprises a fiber core and a reinforcing sheath from inside to outside, so that the optical fiber is prevented from being damaged in the installation process;

C. installing a strain sensing optical fiber on a segment lining, and monitoring the deformation of the segment lining by using an optical fiber demodulator; data acquired by the optical fiber demodulator can be transmitted to a computer through wireless transmission, the strain sensing optical fibers are provided with temperature compensation optical fibers in parallel, and the monitoring data of the strain sensing optical fibers are subtracted from the monitoring data of the temperature compensation optical fibers so as to obtain the deformation information of the segment lining; the strain sensing optical fiber sequentially comprises a fiber core and a reinforcing sheath from inside to outside, so that the optical fiber is prevented from being damaged in the installation process;

D. the tunnel excavation device is combined by a hole digging device and a segment lining, wherein the front end of the hole digging device is a circular table type smooth sharp cutting ring, and the rear end of the hole digging device is a hollow cylinder for loading soil; the segment lining is obtained by using a 3D printing technology and is formed by combining a plurality of segments, and the segment lining and the soil loading cylinder are connected into a whole through threads;

E. a supporting and adjusting system is arranged below the excavation device, the tunnel supporting tables are connected into a whole through a return spring, and the distance between the tunnel supporting tables is adjusted through the return spring; the tunnel excavation is realized through the jack, a jacking plate is placed between the jack and the tunnel excavation device, and the jack pushes the jacking plate to control the advance of the tunnel;

F. the monitoring system monitors the deformation of the soil body and the segment lining by using an optical fiber strain sensing technology, installs strain sensing optical fibers in the soil of the model box and on the segment lining, and can acquire data and transmit the data wirelessly through an optical fiber demodulator; the monitoring data is displayed on a computer screen in real time, and corresponding deformation information is obtained through computer automatic processing.

Preferably, the segments are connected through bolts, and meanwhile, the segments at one end of the segment lining are provided with thread shapes and are in threaded connection with the cylinder.

The invention has the technical effects that:

1) the shield tunnel excavation model is an improvement of the traditional shield test model, and is characterized in that: the model of the invention adopts the 3D printing technology to reduce and assemble the segments in equal proportion, thus reducing the actual state of the segment lining; the tunnel excavation simulation device has the advantages that tunnel excavation is simulated after the hole digging device and the segment lining are assembled, the complex processes of shield construction unearthing and segment assembling are simplified, the problems of the current testing device are solved to a certain extent, and other testing interference factors are eliminated.

2) The device utilizes the optical fiber strain sensing technology to construct a monitoring system for the deformation of the soil body and the segment lining, the optical fiber sensor adopted by the system has the advantages of high sensitivity, good stability, corrosion resistance, electromagnetic wave interference resistance and the like, the wireless transmission, the automatic processing and the visualization of monitoring data can be realized, and the development of disasters such as the deformation of the soil body and the segment lining, the uneven settlement of the earth surface and the like during the shield penetration and the tunnel operation can be further analyzed according to the monitoring data.

3) The device can simulate natural factors such as heavy rainfall, high-temperature weather, underground karst caves and the like, can simulate the excavation of tunnels with different depths, the common excavation of a plurality of tunnels, the influence of the tunnel excavation on the existing tunnels, and can also simulate the influence of the tunnel excavation on upper buildings by arranging buildings on the soil body on the surface layer of the model. Therefore, the safety of the tunnel and the surrounding environment thereof in the shield traversing process and the tunnel operation process under the working conditions can be explored by the device, and reference is provided for shield traversing optimization construction and tunnel operation emergency response measures.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation provided by the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the mold box of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a connection structure of the supporting seat and the jack of the shield tunnel in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the excavation means and the segment lining of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the insertion configuration of the height adjustment baffle and the hollowed out baffle and the card slot of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the tunnel support table and ejector plate configuration of FIG. 3;

FIG. 7 is a view of the arrangement of strain sensing fibers within the mold box and on the segment lining of FIG. 1;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural plan view of the visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation in fig. 1;

FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of the mold box of FIG. 8.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "bottom" and "top," "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the invention provides a visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring deformation of a tunnel and a soil body, comprising: the tunnel excavation device comprises a model box 1, a tunnel excavation device, a supporting and adjusting system and a monitoring system;

the soil sample collected by site construction is filled in the model box 1, the soil sample is buried in layers based on the geometric similarity ratio principle, the soil layer distribution on the site is simulated, and shield jacks 2 are arranged on the front side plate and the rear side plate of the model box 1;

the tunnel excavation device is composed of a hole digging device and a segment lining 5, wherein the front end of the hole digging device is a circular truncated cone type smooth sharp cutting ring 3, the rear end of the hole digging device is a hollow cylinder 6 for loading soil, the segment lining 5 is formed by combining a plurality of segments 4, no gap exists among the circular truncated cone type smooth sharp cutting ring 3, the cylinder 6 for loading soil and the segment lining 5, and meanwhile, the cylinder 6 is provided with threads 25 for being connected with the segments 4 at one end of the segment lining 5 into a whole; the segments 4 are connected through bolts, and meanwhile, the segment 4 at one end of the segment lining 5 is provided with threads 25 which are connected with the cylinder 6 through the threads 25;

a supporting and adjusting system is arranged below the tunnel excavation device and comprises a tunnel supporting platform 7, a reset spring 8, a jack 9, a jack supporting platform 10, a jack base 11, a jacking plate 12 and a jack counter-force platform 24; the tunnel supporting tables 7 are connected into a whole through the return springs 8, the tunnel supporting tables 7 are sleeved on the return springs 8 and can slide relatively, and the distance between the tunnel supporting tables 7 is adjusted through the return springs 8; the excavation of the tunnel is realized through the jack 9, the jacking plate 12 is placed between the jack 9 and the tunnel, the jacking plate 12 is jacked to control the advance of the tunnel through the jack 9, and the jack reaction platform 24 provides a counter force for the jack 9;

the monitoring system monitors the deformation of the soil body and the segment lining 5 by using the strain sensing optical fiber 16, buries the strain sensing optical fiber 16 in the soil of the model box 1 and on the segment lining 5, can acquire and wirelessly transmit data by using an optical fiber demodulator, displays the data on a computer screen in real time, and automatically processes the data to obtain corresponding deformation information.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 5, a plurality of clamping grooves 13 are vertically arranged on the front side of the mold box 1 from top to bottom, each clamping groove 13 is partitioned by a vertical frame strip 14, a plurality of height adjusting baffles 22 and a hollow baffle 15 are arranged in the middle clamping groove 13, and a plurality of height adjusting baffles 22 are arranged in the clamping grooves 13 on the two sides; the clamping groove 13, the height adjusting baffle plate 22 and the hollowed baffle plate 15 are symmetrically arranged on an acrylic plate at the rear side of the model box 1 and at the front side of the model box 1, the height adjusting baffle plate 22 in the clamping groove 13 can move up and down, the height and width of the height adjusting plates 22 at the bottoms of two sides are consistent with those of the hollowed baffle plate 15, and the height and width of the rest height adjusting plates 22 are consistent. The structure can flexibly select the positions of the hollowed baffle 15 and the shield jack 2.

Referring to fig. 6, the tunnel excavation device can be suspended and fixed on a top pushing plate 12, so that the circular truncated cone type smooth sharp cutting ring 3, the cylinder 6 and the segment lining 5 can be kept at the same central position during shield excavation; simultaneously when tunnel excavation is carried out and is gone on the hollow cylinder 6 most entering soil body that dress native usefulness, the dismantlement of accessible tunnel brace table 7 makes the hollow cylinder 6 that dress native usefulness totally get into the soil body, and segment lining 5 is buried in the soil body completely, and wherein tunnel brace table 7 accessible wedge makes up and assembles.

Referring to fig. 7, the system for monitoring the deformation of the soil body and the segment lining 5 comprises a strain sensing optical fiber 16, an optical fiber demodulator and a computer, wherein the strain sensing optical fiber 16 is installed in the soil of a model box and on the segment lining 5, and the deformation of the soil body and the segment lining 5 is monitored by the optical fiber demodulator; data collected by the optical fiber demodulator can be transmitted to a computer through wireless transmission, the strain sensing optical fibers 16 are provided with temperature compensation optical fibers in parallel, and the monitoring data of the strain sensing optical fibers 16 is subtracted from the monitoring data of the temperature compensation optical fibers so as to obtain deformation information of the soil body and the segment lining 5; the strain sensing optical fiber 16 is sequentially provided with a fiber core and a reinforced sheath from inside to outside, so that the optical fiber is prevented from being damaged in the installation process.

Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the invention further provides a shield simulation test method implemented by using the visualization device for simulating shield excavation and monitoring tunnel and soil deformation, which comprises the following steps:

A. according to the survey data, burying the model box soil body based on the similarity ratio theory to simulate the actual soil layer distribution;

B. installing the strain sensing optical fiber 16 in the soil of the model box, and monitoring the deformation of the soil body by using an optical fiber demodulator; data collected by the optical fiber demodulator can be transmitted to a computer through wireless transmission, the strain sensing optical fiber 16 is provided with a temperature compensation optical fiber in parallel, and the monitoring data of the strain sensing optical fiber 16 is subtracted from the monitoring data of the temperature compensation optical fiber to obtain deformation information of a soil body; the strain sensing optical fiber 16 is sequentially provided with a fiber core and a reinforced sheath from inside to outside, so that the optical fiber is prevented from being damaged in the installation process;

C. installing a strain sensing optical fiber 16 on the segment lining, and monitoring the deformation of the segment lining by using an optical fiber demodulator; data acquired by the optical fiber demodulator can be transmitted to a computer in a wireless mode, the strain sensing optical fibers 16 are provided with temperature compensation optical fibers in parallel, and the monitoring data of the strain sensing optical fibers 16 are subtracted from the monitoring data of the temperature compensation optical fibers so as to obtain the deformation information of the lining of the duct piece; the strain sensing optical fiber 16 is sequentially provided with a fiber core and a reinforced sheath from inside to outside, so that the optical fiber is prevented from being damaged in the installation process;

D. the tunnel excavation device is combined by a hole digging device and a segment lining 5, the front end of the hole digging device is a circular truncated cone type smooth sharp cutting ring 3, the rear end of the hole digging device is a hollow cylinder 6 for loading soil, the segment lining 5 is formed by combining a plurality of segments 4, no gap exists among the circular truncated cone type smooth sharp cutting ring 3, the cylinder 6 for loading soil and the segment lining 5, and meanwhile, the cylinder 6 is provided with threads 25 for being connected with the segments 4 at one end of the segment lining 5 into a whole; the segments 4 are connected through bolts, and meanwhile, the segment 4 at one end of the segment lining 5 is provided with threads 25 which are connected with the cylinder 6 through the threads 25;

E. a supporting and adjusting system is arranged below the tunnel excavation device, the tunnel support tables 7 are connected into a whole through return springs 8, and the distance between the tunnel support tables 7 is adjusted through the return springs 8; the excavation of the tunnel is realized through the jack 9, the jacking plate 12 is placed between the jack 9 and the tunnel, the tunnel is formed by simulating the segment 4, the cylinder 6 and the like, and the advancing of the tunnel is controlled by pushing the jacking plate 12 through the jack 9;

F. the monitoring system monitors the deformation of the soil body and the segment lining by using an optical fiber strain sensing technology, installs the strain sensing optical fiber 16 in the soil of the model box 1 and on the segment lining 5, and can acquire data and transmit the data wirelessly through an optical fiber demodulator; the monitoring data is displayed on a computer screen in real time, and corresponding deformation information is obtained through computer automatic processing.

Referring to fig. 8-9, on the basis of the above technical solutions, in order to simulate the environment of rain and temperature change and realize efficient switching of each simulation mechanism, the present invention adds the following structures: a water spraying device is arranged above the model box 1 and supported by a water spraying device bracket 17 fixed on the model box, the water spraying device comprises a water spraying pipe network 18, water spraying ports 19 are densely formed in the downward direction of the water spraying pipe network 18, nozzles are arranged at the water spraying ports 19, a main pipe of the water spraying pipe network 18 is connected with a water inlet pipe through an external pipeline, and the water inlet pipe is connected with a water pump; the model box 1 is fixedly provided with a radiation lamp support 20, the radiation lamp support 20 is fixedly provided with a radiation lamp 21, the radiation lamp 21 irradiates a soil sample directionally to simulate the sun to irradiate and heat, the water spraying device support 17 is fixedly arranged on two sides of the model box 1, the radiation lamp support 20 is arranged between frames on two sides of the model box 1, the radiation lamp support 20 is provided with a motor to drive the radiation lamp to move up and down, the motor drives the radiation lamp support 20 to drive the radiation lamp 21 to move up and be positioned above the water spraying pipe network 18 when the water spraying pipe network 18 sprays water, and the motor drives the radiation lamp support 20 to drive the radiation lamp 21 to move down and be positioned below the water spraying pipe network 18 when the radiation lamp 21 radiates heat.

Referring to fig. 8, in order to enable the tunnel supporting platforms 7 to slide more smoothly, pulleys 23 are arranged at the bottom of the tunnel supporting platforms 7, return springs 8 are arranged between the tunnel supporting platforms 7, the tunnel supporting platforms 7 are relatively folded after sliding during ejection, so that soil is ejected into the tunnel supporting platforms, and the tunnel supporting platforms 7 automatically expand under the action of the return springs 8 when exiting.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.