阅读说明：本技术 一种tbm与钻爆相结合的施工方法 (TBM and drilling and blasting combined construction method ) 是由 秦鹏翔 李建斌 李超毅 于 2021-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种TBM掘进与钻爆相结合施工方法,包括以下步骤,第一步,环形刀盘上的滚刀破岩时,采用刮板将渣土送到位于环形刀盘上方的皮带输送机出渣,同时钻机可以对中间的岩体进行轴向钻孔或径向钻孔；第二步,环形刀盘掘进一个循环后后退,使环形刀盘中间的岩体脱离TBM,并根据围岩情况进行初期支护或不支护；第三步,采用钻爆法、冲击破碎法、链锯切割法以及液压涨裂法的方法破碎中间岩体,并输送渣土或将岩体输送至TBM后方；第四步,环形刀盘前进接触掌子面,开始下一个循环。这样可减少了滚刀破岩面积,并对围岩进行卸荷；TBM向后退,退到中间岩体外,如遇不良地质可在环形空间内较为方便的进行初期支护,应对不良地质的影响。(The invention discloses a TBM tunneling and drilling explosion combined construction method which comprises the following steps that firstly, when a hob on an annular cutter head breaks rock, a scraper is adopted to send muck to a belt conveyor above the annular cutter head for deslagging, and meanwhile, a drilling machine can axially drill or radially drill a middle rock body; secondly, the annular cutter head is driven for one cycle and then retreated, so that a rock mass in the middle of the annular cutter head is separated from the TBM, and primary support or non-support is carried out according to the surrounding rock condition; thirdly, adopting a drilling and blasting method, an impact crushing method, a chain saw cutting method and a hydraulic expansion cracking method to crush the intermediate rock mass, and conveying slag or conveying the rock mass to the rear of the TBM; fourthly, the annular cutter head advances to contact the tunnel face, and the next cycle is started. Therefore, the rock breaking area of the hob can be reduced, and the surrounding rock is unloaded; the TBM moves backwards and moves out of the middle rock body, and primary support can be conveniently carried out in an annular space if unfavorable geology is met, so that the influence of the unfavorable geology is responded.)

1. A TBM and drilling and blasting combined construction method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps

Firstly, when a hob on an annular cutter disc (1) breaks rock, a scraper is adopted to send slag to a belt conveyor (3) above the annular cutter disc (1) for slag discharge, and meanwhile, a drilling machine (4) can axially drill or radially drill a rock body in the middle;

secondly, the annular cutter head (1) retreats after tunneling a cycle, so that a rock mass in the middle of the annular cutter head (1) is separated from the TBM, and primary support or non-support is carried out according to the surrounding rock condition;

thirdly, adopting a drilling and blasting method, an impact crushing method, a chain saw cutting method and a hydraulic expansion cracking method to crush the intermediate rock mass, and conveying slag or rock slices to the rear of the TBM;

fourthly, the annular cutter head advances to contact the tunnel face, and the next cycle is started.

2. The construction method combining the TBM and the drilling and blasting according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: the annular cutter head (1) is a hollow annular cutter head, and a hob is arranged on the hollow annular cutter head.

3. The construction method combining the TBM and the drilling and blasting according to claim 2, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: when the annular cutter head (1) breaks rocks, the slag scraping plate (7) on the annular cutter head (1) sends the slag to the belt conveyor (3) above the annular cutter head (1) for slag discharge, and meanwhile, the drilling machine (4) can axially drill or radially drill the rock mass entering the middle of the annular cutter head (1).

4. The construction method combining the TBM and the drilling and blasting according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: and after the annular cutter head (1) tunnels for a certain distance, the tunneling is stopped and the annular cutter head retreats, so that a rock mass in the middle of the annular cutter head (1) is separated from TBM, when the middle rock mass is drilled axially, the middle rock mass of a tunnel face can be crushed by adopting methods such as a drilling and blasting method, an impact crushing method, a hydraulic expansion cracking method and the like, a movable slag raking machine (5) and a scraper conveyor (6) are operated to be close to the annular cutter head (1), and the slag is loaded and conveyed for slag tapping.

5. The TBM tunneling and drilling and blasting combined construction method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and after the annular cutter head (1) tunnels for a certain distance, stopping tunneling and retreating to enable the rock mass in the middle of the annular cutter head (1) to be separated from the TBM. When the middle rock mass is drilled radially, the middle rock mass can be cut into a plurality of round cakes by adopting a drilling and blasting method and a hydraulic expansion method, and the round cakes are conveyed to the rear part of the TBM by adopting a supporting vehicle (10) and a conveying track (11).

6. The construction method of the TBM combined with drilling and blasting according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: the TBM rock breaking and slag discharging equipment comprises an annular cutter head (1), a bearing, a driving system (2) and a belt conveyor (3), and the rock breaking and slag discharging equipment adopting the drilling and blasting method has two schemes, wherein one scheme comprises a drilling machine (4), a slag raking machine (5) and a scraper conveyor (6), and the other scheme comprises the drilling machine (4), a trailer (10) and a conveying track (11).

7. The construction method combining the TBM and the drilling and blasting according to claim 6, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: but annular blade disc (1) is provided with quick assembly disassembly's rubber pad (8) on the surface to avoid being used for the explosive to produce the rock sediment striking TBM of establishing and cause destruction.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation equipment, and particularly relates to construction equipment and a construction method combining a TBM (tunnel boring machine) and a drilling and blasting method.

Background

Firstly, when a TBM tunnels in a hard rock stratum, the harder the rock, the lower the tunneling speed, the more finely crushed rock slag and the smaller the utilization rate of the rock slag; secondly, the stability of surrounding rocks of unfavorable geological strata is poor, the safety risk of tunnel construction is high, especially in high ground stress strata, the rock burst is frequently sent out, the TBM is easily blocked, and the treatment is very time-consuming.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a TBM tunneling and drilling and blasting combined construction method and equipment, which effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a TBM and drilling and blasting combined construction method comprises the following steps,

firstly, when a hob on an annular cutter disc breaks rock, a scraper is adopted to send muck to a belt conveyor above the annular cutter disc for muck discharging, and meanwhile, a drilling machine can axially drill or radially drill a middle rock body;

secondly, the annular cutter head is driven for one cycle and then retreated, so that a rock mass in the middle of the annular cutter head is separated from the TBM, and primary support or non-support is carried out according to the surrounding rock condition;

thirdly, adopting a drilling and blasting method, an impact crushing method, a chain saw cutting method and a hydraulic expansion cracking method to crush the intermediate rock mass, and conveying slag or rock slices to the rear of the TBM;

fourthly, the annular cutter head advances to contact the tunnel face, and the next cycle is started.

Preferably, the annular cutter head is a hollow annular cutter head, and a hob is arranged on the hollow annular cutter head.

Preferably, when the annular cutter head breaks rocks, the slag scraping plate on the annular cutter head sends rock slag to the belt conveyor above the annular cutter head for slag discharging, and meanwhile, the drilling machine can axially drill or radially drill rock mass entering the middle of the annular cutter head.

Preferably, after the annular cutter head tunnels for a certain distance, the tunneling is stopped and the annular cutter head retreats, so that a rock mass in the middle of the annular cutter head is separated from the TBM, when the middle rock mass is axially drilled, the middle rock mass of the tunnel face can be crushed by adopting methods such as a drilling and blasting method, an impact crushing method, a hydraulic expansion cracking method and the like, the movable slag raking machine and the scraper conveyor are operated to be close to the annular cutter head, and the slag soil is loaded and conveyed for slag tapping.

Preferably, after the annular cutterhead tunnels for a certain distance, the tunneling is stopped and the annular cutterhead retreats, so that the rock mass in the middle of the annular cutterhead is separated from the TBM. When the middle rock mass is drilled radially, the middle rock mass can be cut into a plurality of round cakes by adopting a drilling and blasting method and a hydraulic expansion cracking method, and the rock round cakes are conveyed to the rear part of the TBM by adopting a supporting vehicle and a conveying track.

Preferably, the TBM rock breaking and slag discharging device comprises an annular cutter head, a bearing, a driving system and a belt conveyor, and the rock breaking and slag discharging device adopting the drilling and blasting method has two schemes, wherein one scheme comprises a drilling machine, a slag raking machine and a scraper conveyor, and the other scheme comprises a drilling machine, a trailer and a conveying track.

Preferably, but annular blade disc surface is provided with quick assembly disassembly's rubber pad to avoid being used for the explosive to produce the rock sediment striking TBM of establishing and cause the destruction.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. and (3) tunneling by using a hollow TBM, discharging slag above the TBM, and drilling a rock mass entering the middle of the annular cutter by using a drilling machine. Therefore, the rock breaking area of the hob can be reduced, and the surrounding rock is unloaded;

2. the TBM retreats backwards and retreats out of the middle rock body, and if unfavorable geology happens, primary support can be conveniently carried out in an annular space, so that the influence of the unfavorable geology is responded;

3. the TBM cutter head is protected by using elastic materials such as rubber;

4. blasting excavation is carried out on the central rock mass by adopting methods such as a drilling and blasting method and the like. The disturbance of blasting to the surrounding rock mass can be reduced, and the volume of rock slag can be controlled by using a drilling and blasting method;

5. and deslagging the blasted rock slag by adopting a slag raking machine and a scraper conveyor.

6. After cutting the cylindrical rock mass in middle into the cake, adopt trailer and delivery track to slag tap and can improve the efficiency of slagging tap by a wide margin.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the scraper bar of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the rubber pad of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. an annular cutter head; 2. a bearing and a drive system; 3. a belt conveyor; 4. a drilling machine; 5. a slag raking machine; 6. a scraper conveyor; 7. a slag scraping plate; 8. a rubber pad; 9. a middle cylindrical rock mass; 10. carrying out vehicle supporting; 11. a conveying track.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention discloses a TBM (tunnel boring machine) tunneling and drilling and blasting combined construction method, which comprises the following steps that firstly, when a hob on an annular cutter head 1 breaks rock, a scraper is adopted to send muck to a belt conveyor 3 positioned above the annular cutter head 1 for deslagging, and meanwhile, a drilling machine 4 can axially drill a middle rock mass or adopts other drilling machines to radially drill the middle rock mass;

secondly, the annular cutter head 1 is driven for one cycle and then retreats to enable the rock mass in the middle of the annular cutter head 1 to be separated from the TBM, and primary support or non-support is carried out according to the surrounding rock condition;

and thirdly, if an axial hole is drilled in the middle rock mass in the first step, crushing the middle rock mass by adopting a drilling and blasting method, and conveying the slag by adopting a slag raking machine 5 and a scraper conveyor 6. If radial holes are drilled in the middle rock mass in the first step, the middle rock mass is cut into a plurality of round cakes (namely rock slices) by adopting a drilling and blasting method, a hydraulic expansion method and the like, and the rock round cakes are conveyed to the rear part of the TBM by adopting the supporting vehicle 10 and the conveying track 11. In addition, the middle rock mass can be crushed or cut into round cakes by adopting methods such as an impact crushing method, a chain saw cutting method and the like;

fourthly, the annular cutter head advances to contact the tunnel face, and the next cycle is started.

A hollow annular cutter head 1 is adopted, and a hob is arranged on the annular cutter head 1.

When the annular cutter head 1 breaks rocks, the slag scraping plate 7 on the annular cutter head 1 is adopted to convey the slag to the belt conveyor 3 positioned above the annular cutter head 1 for slag discharging, and meanwhile, the drilling machine 4 can drill holes in the middle rock mass.

And after the annular cutter head 1 tunnels for a certain distance, stopping tunneling and retreating to separate the rock mass in the middle of the annular cutter head 1 from the TBM, and crushing the rock mass in the middle of the tunnel face by adopting a drilling and blasting method, an impact crushing method, a cutting method and the like.

When the drilling and blasting method is adopted to crush the middle rock mass, the TBM cutter head can be additionally provided with rubber pads and other anti-collision materials with good elasticity, so that the TBM cutter head is protected from collision of flying stones during blasting.

After the intermediate rock mass is crushed into rock slag, the movable slag raking machine 5 and the scraper conveyor 6 run to the position near the annular cutter head 1, and the loading and conveying of slag soil are started or the direct slag tapping is carried out by adopting a TBM cutter head.

The equipment for the TBM tunneling and drilling and blasting combined construction method comprises an annular cutter head 1, a bearing and driving system 2, a belt conveyor 3, a drilling machine 4, a slag raking machine 5 and a scraper conveyor 6, wherein a hole is formed in the middle of the annular cutter head 1, and a hob is arranged on the annular cutter head 1. And a bearing and driving system 2 of the annular cutter head ensure that the annular cutter head 1 rotates. And the belt conveyor 3 is used for conveying rock slag generated when the annular cutter head 1 is tunneled. A drilling machine 4 for drilling the intermediate rock mass; the movable slag raking machine 5 is used for loading rock slag generated by blasting onto the scraper conveyor 6; and the movable scraper conveyor 6 is used for conveying rock slag.

The annular cutter head 1 is located on one side of the belt conveyor 3 and is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the belt conveyor 3, the bearing and the driving system 2 are used for driving the annular cutter head 1 to rotate, the drilling machine 4 is installed below the belt conveyor 3, the slag raking machine 5 and the scraper conveyor 6 are located below the drilling machine 4, and the slag raking machine 5 and the scraper conveyor 6 are installed together.

A slag scraping plate 7 is arranged on one side surface of the annular cutter head 1, the front structure diagram of the annular cutter head 1 is shown in figure 2, and the slag scraping plate 7 is used for scraping rock slag generated by rock breaking by the hob onto a belt conveyor shown in figure 3 in figure 1.

The rubber pad 8 is arranged on the other side surface of the annular cutter head 1, the protective device of the annular cutter head 1 is shown in figure 3, and 8 in figure 3 is a protective device with certain elasticity such as the rubber pad and the like, so that the cutter head is prevented from being impacted by flying stones during drilling and blasting construction.

The equipment combining TBM and drilling and blasting can be called a tunneling and blasting machine.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.