阅读说明：本技术 用于切削加工工件的刀具 (Tool for machining workpieces ) 是由 乔琴·克雷斯 于 2020-04-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种用于加工工件(3)的刀具(1),包括：纵轴线(L),其中,刀具(1)具有第一加工区(5)和第二加工区(7),其中,第一加工区(5)与第二加工区(7)沿纵轴线(L)间隔,且其中,第一加工区(5)与第二加工区(7)之间布置有切屑防护屏障(9),该切屑防护屏障配置为防止从工件(3)上切除的切屑从选自第一加工区(5)和第二加工区(7)的一个加工区(5、7)进入到选自第二加工区(7)和第一加工区(5)的另一个加工区(7、5)。(The invention proposes a tool (1) for machining a workpiece (3), comprising: a longitudinal axis (L), wherein the tool (1) has a first machining zone (5) and a second machining zone (7), wherein the first machining zone (5) is spaced apart from the second machining zone (7) along the longitudinal axis (L), and wherein a chip protection barrier (9) is arranged between the first machining zone (5) and the second machining zone (7), which chip protection barrier is configured to prevent chips removed from the workpiece (3) from passing from one machining zone (5, 7) selected from the first machining zone (5) and the second machining zone (7) to the other machining zone (7, 5) selected from the second machining zone (7) and the first machining zone (5).)

1. A tool (1) for machining a workpiece (3), comprising:

-a longitudinal axis (L), wherein,

-the tool (1) has a first machining zone (5) and a second machining zone (7), wherein,

-the first machining zone (5) is spaced apart from the second machining zone (7) along the longitudinal axis (L),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

-a chip protection barrier (9) is arranged between the first machining zone (5) and the second machining zone (7), the chip protection barrier (9) being configured to prevent chips removed from the workpiece (3) from passing from one machining zone (5, 7) selected from the first machining zone (5) and the second machining zone (7) to the other machining zone (7, 5) selected from the second machining zone (7) and the first machining zone (5).

2. The tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first machining zone (5) is configured to machine a first, hard material, wherein the second machining zone (7) is configured to machine a second, soft material.

3. The tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the chip protection barrier (9) is configured as a chip protection sheet (11).

4. The tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the chip protection barrier (9) is configured as a chip protection hollow cone (13) opening towards the first machining zone (5).

5. The tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first machining zone (5) has a first machining diameter, wherein the second machining zone (7) has a second machining diameter, and wherein the first machining diameter is smaller than the second machining diameter.

6. The tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first machining zone (5) and the second machining zone (7) each have at least one geometrically defined cutting edge (23).

7. The tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one geometrically defined cutting edge (23) of the first machining region (5) is formed of a cermet or a hard metal, wherein the at least one geometrically defined cutting edge (23) of the second machining region (7) is formed of a polycrystalline diamond.

8. Tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the first machining zone (5) leads the second machining zone (7) seen in the feed direction of the tool (1).

9. The tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tool (1) has a cylindrical basic body (27), at least one rib (29) protruding from the basic body (27) at least in the second machining zone (7), at least one geometrically defined cutting edge (23) of the second machining zone (7) being arranged on the at least one rib (29).

10. The tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by an interface (33) for clamping the tool (1) into a machine tool spindle.

11. The tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tool (1) is configured as a fine boring tool.

12. Tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool (1) is configured to machine a motor housing, in particular a stator housing with receiving holes for a stator and bearing holes for a rotor, or to machine a gearbox.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a tool for machining a workpiece.

Background

The tool has a longitudinal axis and a first machining zone and a second machining zone spaced from the first machining zone along the longitudinal axis. For machining a workpiece, the tool (also called a combined tool) and the workpiece are rotated relative to one another about a longitudinal axis, the tool preferably performs a rotational movement about the longitudinal axis, and the machining zone removes chips from the workpiece at different positions spaced apart from one another at the same time or simultaneously. For example, such a tool is used to simultaneously machine a receiving bore for a stator and a bearing bore for supporting a rotor in a stator housing of an electric motor. In such applications, it is desirable to achieve extremely high coaxiality between the different holes, especially because in the example of a stator casing, this defines a constancy of the air gap between the stator and the rotor, thus directly affecting the performance and/or efficiency of the motor. The problem is that chips removed in one machining zone may enter another machining zone and thereby degrade the quality of the machined workpiece surface-which may act directly on the workpiece surface or damage the cutting edges and/or guide bars of the tool. It is particularly problematic that the material of the workpiece is harder at one machining point than at another machining point, and that the chips of hard material have a negative effect on the surface quality of the soft material regions.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to propose a tool in which the above-mentioned drawbacks do not occur.

The above objects are achieved by providing the technical teaching of the present invention, especially in the independent and dependent claims and the embodiments disclosed in the specification.

The solution of the invention to the above object is particularly to improve a tool, in particular a combination tool, of the above type, i.e. a chip protection barrier is arranged between the first machining zone and the second machining zone. The chip protection barrier is configured to prevent chips cut from a workpiece in one machining zone from entering another machining zone during machining of the workpiece. In this way, it is possible to effectively prevent the surface quality of the workpiece at one location machined by one machining zone from being damaged by chips from another location machined by another machining zone. This ensures, in particular, a very high degree of coaxiality between two bores simultaneously machined by different machining zones. Particularly, the chips of the hard material can be prevented from adversely affecting the surface of the soft material at other positions.

The longitudinal axis of the tool is in particular the axis about which the tool rotates relative to the workpiece. The longitudinal axis is preferably the axis of symmetry of the tool. The longitudinal axis is preferably the axis of the longest extension of the tool. Preferably, the tool is fed relative to the workpiece along the longitudinal axis during machining of the workpiece.

The axial direction extends along the longitudinal axis. The radial direction is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The circumferential direction concentrically surrounds the longitudinal axis.

The machining zone is understood to mean, in particular, a region of the tool: in this region, the tool is locally configured to remove chips from the workpiece, in particular by arranging cutting edges, in particular geometrically defined cutting edges, in the machining zone.

The chip protection barrier is especially configured to prevent chips from entering from the first machining zone into the second machining zone.

According to a development of the invention, the first processing zone is configured to process a first hard material, wherein the second processing zone is configured to process a second soft (i.e. less hard) material. In particular in this case, the above-mentioned advantages are achieved in a special way. In particular, the chip protection barrier effectively prevents chips of the first hard material from intruding into the region of the second soft material, thereby reducing the surface quality of the machined workpiece. The first, hard material is in particular harder than the second, soft material. In contrast, the second soft material is in particular less hard, i.e. has a lower hardness than the first hard material.

The first machining zone is preferably configured to machine the first hard material as compared to the second machining zone in that the first machining zone has a different cutting material than the second machining zone. In particular, the cutting edge of the first machining zone is preferably formed by or in a different cutting material (i.e., material in the region of the cutting edge) than the cutting edge of the second machining zone, whereby each machining zone is configured to machine materials of various hardness.

The first machining zone is preferably configured to machine steel. Alternatively or additionally, the second processing zone is preferably configured to process aluminum. In particular, the machining zone preferably has a cutting material suitable for machining the respective material.

According to a development of the invention, the chip protection screen is designed as a chip protection sheet. This represents a particularly simple and easy to manufacture low-cost design of the chip protection barrier. The chip protection sheet is formed between the machining zones and preferably closes around in the circumferential direction. In this way, the chips can be particularly reliably prevented from entering from one machining zone into the other. The chip protection sheet preferably extends in the radial direction to a larger radius selected from the radii of the first machining zone and the second machining zone. The chip protection sheet preferably extends in the radial direction to the radius of the second machining zone.

In this context, the radius of the machining zone is to be understood in particular as the radius of the circular path (flight circle) of the cutting edge of the machining zone, i.e. the maximum radius which defines the machining diameter in the respective machining zone.

A chip protection sheet is to be understood in particular as a flat and/or thin configuration of the chip protection barrier. By "thin" is to be understood in particular that the material of the chip protection barrier has a degree of extension or "thickness" in a first direction (in particular the cartesian direction) which is much smaller than the degree of extension of the material of the chip protection barrier in the other two directions (in particular the cartesian direction).

The chip protection sheet preferably has a metallic material or consists of such a material. Alternatively, the chip protection sheet can also have or be formed from an organic sheet.

According to a development of the invention, the chip protection barrier is configured as a chip protection hollow cone which is open towards the first machining zone. In this way, the chip protection screen can shield the second machining zone from chips removed in the first machining zone particularly effectively. In particular, the chip protection barrier is preferably configured as a conical chip protection sheet.

The chip-protecting hollow cone preferably has a circumferentially encircling edge at its bottom end. The edge is preferably of resilient construction and in this way is adapted to compensate for tolerances associated with the inner bore surface of the machined workpiece. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the edge has or is configured as an elastic sealing lip.

According to a further development of the invention, the first machining zone has a first machining diameter, wherein the second machining zone has a second machining diameter, and the first machining diameter is smaller than the second machining diameter. In this way, it is advantageously possible to machine differently sized bores through different machining zones, for example on the one hand the receiving bore for the stator (in particular through the second machining zone) and on the other hand the bearing bore for the rotor (in particular through the first machining zone).

The machining diameter of the machining zone is preferably defined by the diameter of the circular trajectory of the cutting edge of the machining zone.

The second processing diameter of the second processing zone is preferably at least 200mm and at most 350mm, more preferably at least 250mm and at most 300 mm. Within the above-mentioned diameter range, the tool is particularly suitable for machining stator housings of electric motors, in particular for applications in the automotive field, in particular for electric drive motors of motor vehicles (in particular electric or hybrid passenger vehicles).

According to a further development of the invention, the first machining zone and the second machining zone each have at least one geometrically defined cutting edge. A geometrically defined cutting edge is to be understood in particular as a cutting edge of the type: the cutting edge is formed in a manner known per se as the intersection of a rake face and a flank face. The flank face may have a circular arc chamfer as a first flank face region next to the cutting edge, followed by a surface region inclined with respect to the machine direction as a second flank face region. The tool is configured to cut with geometrically defined cutting edges, in particular in both the first machining zone and the second machining zone.

Preferably, the at least one geometrically defined cutting edge is configured on a tip which is fastened to the basic body of the tool in the first machining zone or the second machining zone. The first machining zone and the second machining zone preferably have a plurality of such tips.

According to a development of the invention, the at least one geometrically defined cutting edge of the first machining zone is formed by a cermet or a hard metal, in particular as a cutting material, wherein the at least one geometrically defined cutting edge of the second machining zone is formed by polycrystalline diamond (hereinafter PCD), in particular as a cutting material. The geometrically defined cutting edge is formed from a material or cutting material, which means in particular that it is machined from a body with or consisting of this material, in particular produced by grinding on this body. Cermets and hard metals are particularly suitable for cutting harder materials, especially steel, while PCD is particularly suitable for cutting less hard materials, especially aluminum.

According to a further development of the invention, the first machining zone leads the second machining zone, as seen in the feed direction of the tool. In this way, it is possible to machine a first hole with the first machining zone and simultaneously machine a second hole with the second machining zone, the first hole being located before the second hole in the feed direction. In particular, the bearing bore for the rotor in the stator casing can be machined by the first machining zone, while the receiving bore for the stator in the stator casing can be machined by the second machining zone.

Preferably, the first machining zone leads the second machining zone, viewed in the feed direction of the tool, while the second machining zone has a larger machining diameter than the first machining zone. This makes it possible to introduce the first machining zone through the larger second hole into the region of the smaller first hole and then to machine both holes simultaneously.

According to a further development of the invention, the tool has a cylindrical basic body. Ribs project from the cylindrical base body at least in the second machining zone. At least one geometrically defined cutting edge of the second machining zone is arranged on the rib. The tool can be constructed extremely light and at the same time stable, in particular it can be made of light construction. The at least one tip is preferably arranged on, in particular fastened to, in particular clamped onto the rib. The second machining zone preferably has a plurality of ribs projecting from the cylindrical base body, wherein at least one geometrically defined cutting edge, in particular at least one tip, is arranged on each rib.

It goes without saying that the diameter of the cylindrical base body is smaller than the second machining diameter of the second machining zone. The distance between the diameter of the base and the second machining diameter is bridged by at least one rib.

The base body and/or the at least one rib are preferably made of a metal or a metal alloy. They may also be of different materials, either different from each other or the component may contain multiple materials. Furthermore, at least one component selected from the matrix and the ribs may have or be formed from a fibre-reinforced plastic.

The cylindrical base body is preferably of hollow design, in particular of hollow body design. The tool is extremely light, and the energy cost for processing the workpiece is finally reduced.

The first processing zone is preferably arranged axially on the end face of the base body, i.e. in front in the feed direction.

The chip protection barrier is preferably arranged axially on the end face of the basic body, i.e. in front of it in the feed direction, in particular fastened thereto, in particular screwed onto the basic body. The chip protection barrier preferably circumferentially surrounds the first machining zone. Preferably, the chip protection screen, which is configured as a hollow cone, partially accommodates the first machining zone, viewed in the axial direction.

According to a further development of the invention, the tool has an interface for clamping the tool into a machine tool spindle. The interface is preferably arranged on the base body opposite the first processing zone in the longitudinal direction (behind in the feed direction). The interface is preferably designed as a conical interface, in particular as a precision interface, or as a cylindrical interface.

According to a development of the invention, the tool is designed as a fine boring tool. In this way, the tool is particularly suitable for machining receiving and/or bearing bores, in particular on stator housings or gearboxes.

According to a further development of the invention, the tool is configured to machine a motor housing, in particular a motor housing of an electric motor, in particular a stator housing having a receiving bore for a stator and a bearing bore for a rotor. The stator casing is usually made of aluminum, in particular cast aluminum, wherein the receiving bores are formed directly in the aluminum body of the stator casing and the bearing bores of the rotor are formed in a steel carrier or liner which is in turn embedded in a liner seat of the aluminum body. The bearing bore and the receiving bore can be machined simultaneously (i.e. at the same time) with the tool without the risk of steel chips entering the receiving bore region from the bearing bore region. The bearing hole is machined through the first machining area of the tool, and the receiving hole is machined through the second machining area. By means of the tool proposed by the invention, it is possible in particular to ensure an improved coaxiality between the bearing bore and the receiving bore, which has a particularly positive effect on the constancy of the air gap between the stator and the rotor of the resulting electric motor, thus also directly affecting the performance and/or efficiency thereof.

The tool is particularly configured for machining a stator casing of an electric motor, for use in the automotive field, in particular an electric drive motor for a motor vehicle, in particular an electric or hybrid passenger vehicle.

Alternatively or additionally, the tool is configured to machine a gearbox. Here, it may also be necessary or advantageous to machine a plurality of bores, in particular bearing bores, preferably of different materials and/or of different diameters, which have a very precisely defined coaxiality.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the figure:

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an embodiment of a tool for machining a workpiece; and

fig. 2 shows a diagram of an example of a workpiece to be machined with the tool according to fig. 1.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of a tool 1 for machining a workpiece 3 shown in fig. 2. The tool 1 has a longitudinal axis L and a first machining zone 5 and a second machining zone 7, wherein the first machining zone 5 is spaced apart from the second machining zone 7 along the longitudinal axis L. A chip protection screen 9 is arranged between the first machining zone 5 and the second machining zone 7. The chip protection screen 9 is advantageously designed to prevent chips removed from the workpiece 3 in one of the machining zones 5, 7 from entering the other machining zone 7, 5 of the machining zones 5, 7. The chip protection screen 9 prevents chips removed from the first machining zone 5 from entering the region of the second machining zone 7. This effectively prevents chips from the first machining zone 5 from damaging the surface of the workpiece 3 machined by the second machining zone 7 and vice versa.

The first machining zone 5 is preferably configured to machine a first hard material, in particular to machine steel, wherein the second machining zone 7 is configured to machine a second soft material, in particular to machine aluminum.

The chip protection screen 9 is preferably designed as a chip protection sheet 11. The chip protection sheet 11 is formed between the machining zones 5, 7 and is preferably closed in the circumferential direction around the longitudinal axis L. The chip protection sheet 11 preferably extends in the radial direction to the maximum radius of the second machining zone 7.

The chip protection barrier 9 is preferably configured as a chip protection hollow cone 13 which is open towards the first machining zone 5. The chip protection plate 11 is particularly preferably of conical configuration, thus forming a chip protection hollow cone 13.

The chip-protecting hollow cone 13 preferably has a circumferentially encircling edge 17 at its bottom end 15. In a preferred embodiment, the edge 17 is of resilient construction and in this way is particularly adapted to compensate for tolerances associated with the inner bore surface 19 of the machined workpiece 3 shown in fig. 2. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the edge 17 has an elastic sealing lip 21 or is configured as an elastic sealing lip 21.

The first machining zone 5 has a first machining diameter and the second machining zone 7 has a second machining diameter. The first machining diameter is smaller than the second machining diameter.

The second working diameter is preferably at least 200mm and at most 350mm, more preferably at least 250mm and at most 300 mm.

The first machining zone 5 and the second machining zone 7 preferably each have at least one geometrically defined cutting edge 23, only one geometrically defined cutting edge 23 being shown in the first machining zone 5 and only two geometrically defined cutting edges 23 being shown in the second machining zone 7 for the sake of clarity, each labeled with a corresponding reference numeral. The geometrically defined cutting edges 23 are each formed on a cutting edge 25, which cutting edges 25 are arranged in particular in a tight manner in the machining regions 5, 7, preferably clamped in the machining regions 5, 7. With regard to the cutting tips 25, for the sake of clarity, only one cutting tip 25 is shown in the first machining area 5 and only two cutting tips 25 are shown in the second machining area 7, each bearing a corresponding reference numeral.

The geometrically defined cutting edge 23 of the first machining zone 5 is preferably formed of cermet or hard metal. The geometrically defined cutting edge 23 of the second machining zone 7 is preferably formed of polycrystalline diamond (PCD).

The first machining zone 5 preferably leads the second machining zone 7, viewed in the feed direction of the tool 1. In fig. 4, the feeding direction is indicated by an arrow P.

The tool 1 preferably has a cylindrical basic body 27, from which basic body 27 a rib 29, in particular a plurality of ribs 29, protrudes in the second machining zone 7. The geometrically defined cutting edge 23 of the second machining zone 7, in particular the nose 25, is arranged on the rib 29.

The cylindrical base body 27 is preferably of hollow design, in particular of hollow body design. The first processing zone 5 is preferably arranged axially on the end face of the base body 27, i.e. in front in the feed direction.

The chip protection barrier 9 is preferably arranged axially on the end face of the basic body 27, i.e. in front of in the feed direction, in particular fastened thereto; it is screwed onto the base body 27 at the end face, in particular by means of an axial screw 31. The chip protection screen 9 in this case surrounds the first machining zone 5 in the circumferential direction. In this connection, the chip-protecting hollow cone 13, viewed in the axial direction, partially accommodates the first machining zone 5.

The tool 1 has an interface 33 (behind in the feed direction) on the base body 27 opposite the first machining zone 5 in the longitudinal direction for clamping the tool 1 in a machine spindle (not shown). In a preferred embodiment, the interface 33 is configured as a conical interface, in particular a precision interface. It may also be configured as a cylindrical interface.

The embodiment of the tool 1 shown in the figure is configured as a fine boring tool.

The tool 1 is in particular configured for machining a motor housing, in particular a stator housing having a receiving bore for a stator and a bearing bore for a rotor. Alternatively, it may be configured to machine the gearbox.

Fig. 2 shows a diagram of an example of a workpiece 3 to be machined with the tool 1. In a preferred embodiment, the workpiece 3 is a stator housing 35 for an electric motor, in particular for use in the automotive field, in particular an electric drive motor for a motor vehicle (in particular an electric or hybrid passenger vehicle).

Fig. 2 also shows a longitudinal axis L about which the tool 1 is rotated relative to the workpiece 3 between the tool 1 and the workpiece 3 in order to machine the workpiece 3, and an arrow P which indicates the direction of feed of the tool 1 along the longitudinal axis L during machining of the workpiece 3.

The stator housing 35 is preferably made of aluminum, in particular cast aluminum, wherein the receiving openings 37 for the stator are preferably formed directly in the aluminum body 39 of the stator housing 35. The bearing bore 41 for the motor rotor is formed in a steel bracket or liner 43, which steel bracket or liner 43 is in turn embedded in a liner seat 45 of the aluminum body 39.

The bearing hole 41 and the receiving hole 37 are simultaneously machined by the tool 1. Due to the chip protection screen 9, there is no risk of steel chips entering from the region of the bearing bore 41 into the region of the receiving bore 37.

The bearing hole 41 is machined through the first machining zone 5 of the tool 1. While the receiving hole 37 is machined through the second machining zone 7.

By means of the tool 1 proposed by the invention, it is possible in particular to ensure an improved coaxiality between the bearing hole 41 and the receiving hole 37, which has a particularly positive effect on the constancy of the air gap between the stator and the rotor of the resulting electric motor, thus also directly affecting the performance and/or efficiency thereof.