阅读说明：本技术 具有安全保障的超临界水热燃烧型多元热流体发生装置及方法 (Supercritical hydrothermal combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generating device and method with safety guarantee ) 是由 王树众 王大伟 汪文哲 李艳辉 赫文强 杨文海 李紫成 郑继涛 于 2021-08-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种具有安全保障的超临界水热燃烧型多元热流体发生装置及方法,主要包括反应器、事故罐处理模块、冷却降压模块、调温调压模块。反应器采用两级燃料入射有效降低了预热需要从而降低了加热器功率,进而降低了超临界水热燃烧系统的投资运行成本；冷却模块中冷却器采用双螺旋盘管和搅拌器设置可以使冷却更加充分,减少冷却需水量；反应器温度和压力的连锁控制,保证了工艺效果和系统安全；反应器具有可视化观火孔可用于观察反应器内的火焰图像,用于指导超临界水热燃烧实验燃料量和燃料浓度；事故罐处理模块连接燃料泵安全阀和反应器安全阀,可进行超压保护,保证反应器及系统运行安全。(The invention discloses a supercritical water heat combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generating device and method with safety guarantee. The reactor adopts two-stage fuel incidence, so that the preheating requirement is effectively reduced, the heater power is reduced, and the investment and operation cost of a supercritical water heat combustion system is further reduced; the cooler in the cooling module adopts a double-spiral coil and a stirrer, so that the cooling is more sufficient, and the cooling water requirement is reduced; the temperature and the pressure of the reactor are controlled in a linkage manner, so that the process effect and the system safety are ensured; the reactor is provided with a visual fire observation hole which can be used for observing a flame image in the reactor and guiding the amount of fuel and the concentration of fuel in the supercritical water heat combustion experiment; the accident tank processing module is connected with the fuel pump safety valve and the reactor safety valve, and can perform overpressure protection to ensure the operation safety of the reactor and the system.)

1. The utility model provides a many first hot-fluid generating device of supercritical hydrothermal combustion type with safety guarantee which characterized in that includes:

the reactor (4) is internally composed of an upper combustion space and a lower mixing space which are communicated through spray holes, fuel is subjected to hydrothermal combustion reaction in the combustion space, reaction products enter the mixing space through the spray holes and are mixed with mixing water to obtain multi-element hot fluid, and a fuel return port is arranged at the upper part of the combustion space;

the accident tank processing module comprises an accident tank (14), wherein the inlet of the accident tank (14) is connected with the fuel return port through a pipeline with a reactor safety valve (V9), the inlet of the accident tank (14) is connected with a fuel supply line of the reactor (4) through a pipeline with a fuel pump safety valve (V8), and the reactor safety valve (V9) and/or the fuel pump safety valve (V8) jump when exceeding the set pressure so as to send the fuel in the reactor (4) and/or the fuel supply line to the accident tank (14).

2. The supercritical water heating combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generating device with safety guarantee according to claim 1, further comprising a cooling and pressure reducing module, wherein the cooling and pressure reducing module comprises a cooler (13), the cooler (13) comprises a tank body, a cold wall water coil and a multi-element thermal fluid coil are arranged in the tank body, a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet are arranged on the wall of the tank body, the reactor (4) is provided with a cooling wall, the inlet of the multi-element thermal fluid coil is connected with the multi-element thermal fluid outlet of the reactor (4), the outlet is connected with a sewage discharge pipe network through a pipeline with a multi-element thermal fluid line backpressure valve (16), the inlet of the cold wall water coil is connected with the cold wall water outlet of the reactor (4), and the outlet is connected with the sewage discharge pipe network through a pipeline with a cold wall thermal fluid line backpressure valve (15).

3. The supercritical water heating combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generating device with safety guarantee according to claim 2 is characterized in that the cooling water inlet is connected with a cooling water supply line, the cooling water supply line comprises a water storage tank (9), the outlet of the water storage tank (9) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a low-pressure pump (10), the outlet of the low-pressure pump (10) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the cooling water inlet, the other path is connected with a cold wall water tank (11), the outlet of the cold wall water tank (11) is connected with a high-pressure metering pump (12), the outlet of the high-pressure metering pump (12) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the mixing water inlet of the reactor (4) through a mixing water path electric regulating valve (V6), and the other path is connected with the cold wall water inlet of the reactor (4) through a cold wall water path electric regulating valve (V7).

4. The supercritical water hot combustion type multiple hot fluid generation device with safety guarantee according to claim 3 is characterized in that a spray pipe for spraying and cooling the fuel is arranged at the upper part in the accident tank (14), the spray pipe is connected with the other path of the outlet of the water storage tank (9), the spray control of the spray pipe is linked with the reactor safety valve (V9) and/or the fuel pump safety valve (V8), and the spray is started when the reactor safety valve (V9) and/or the fuel pump safety valve (V8) jump.

5. The supercritical water hot combustion type multiple hot fluid generation device with safety guarantee according to claim 3 or 4, characterized by further comprising a temperature and pressure regulating module, wherein the temperature and pressure regulating module comprises a mixing water path electric regulating valve (V6), a multiple hot fluid path back pressure valve (16), a fuel pump (2) and a heater (3) which are sequentially arranged on a fuel supply line, the fuel is boosted and heated to a preset temperature, and the heating power is adjusted through linkage of the heater (3), the mixing water path electric regulating valve (V6) and the multiple hot fluid path back pressure valve (16) to ensure the safety of the supercritical water hot combustion reaction.

6. The supercritical water hot combustion type multi-element hot fluid generation device with safety guarantee according to claim 5, wherein the reactor (4) is arranged with a primary fuel inlet, a secondary fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet and a visual fire observation hole, the fuel exiting the heater (3) is divided into two paths which are respectively connected to the primary fuel inlet and the secondary fuel inlet, the oxidant supply line of the reactor (4) is connected with the oxidant inlet, the primary fuel inlet is communicated with the heating channel of the reactor (4), the primary fuel is contacted and combusted with the oxidant after passing through the heating channel, then the secondary fuel is ignited to complete the oxidation heat release to generate the hydrothermal combustion reaction, the preheating of the fuel by the heater (3) is realized through the flow distribution of the primary fuel and the secondary fuel, the flame image in the reactor (4) is observed through the visual fire observation hole, the fuel quantity and the fuel concentration are guided.

7. The multi-element hot fluid generator with safety guarantee and supercritical water thermal combustion type as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fuel return port is provided at a position where the primary fuel and the oxidant are burned in contact.

8. The supercritical water heating combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generating device with safety guarantee according to claim 7 is characterized in that the fuel supply line comprises a fuel storage tank (1), the outlet of the fuel storage tank (1) is connected with a fuel pump (2) through a fuel storage tank outlet control valve (V1), the outlet of the fuel pump (2) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the heater (3), the other path is connected with the inlet of the fuel pump safety valve (V8), the oxidant supply line comprises a liquid oxygen tank (5), the outlet of the liquid oxygen tank (5) is connected with a low-temperature liquid oxygen pump (6) through a liquid oxygen tank outlet control valve (V2), the outlet of the low-temperature liquid oxygen pump (6) is sequentially connected with a liquid oxygen vaporizer (7) and an oxygen buffer tank (8), and the outlet of the oxygen buffer tank (8) is connected with the oxidant inlet of the reactor (4).

9. The method for safely guaranteeing supercritical water hot combustion type multi-element hot fluid generation device based on claim 8 is characterized in that the regulation is carried out during the operation of the device by the following means:

a) if the outlet fluid pressure of the fuel pump (2) is lower than the target pressure, the fuel pump (2) adjusts the pressure to the target pressure through the frequency converter;

b) if the liquid oxygen flow at the outlet of the low-temperature liquid oxygen pump (6) is lower than or higher than the target flow, the low-temperature liquid oxygen pump (6) adjusts the flow to the target flow through a frequency converter;

c) if the temperature of the pressure-bearing wall of the reactor (4) exceeds the set temperature, the automatic interlocking device is linked to the heater (3) to reduce the heating power so as to reduce the temperature of the pressure-bearing wall, and is linked to the cold wall water channel automatic regulating valve (V7) to increase the opening, so that the water flow of the cold wall is increased;

d) if the differential pressure of a differential pressure transmitter at the water inlet of the cold wall of the reactor (4) exceeds the set pressure, the differential pressure transmitter is linked to a multi-element hot fluid path backpressure valve (16), and the differential pressure is in a normal range by adjusting the opening degree of the backpressure valve;

e) if the temperature of the multi-element hot fluid at the outlet of the reactor (4) is lower than or exceeds the target temperature, the multi-element hot fluid is linked to an automatic blending water path adjusting valve (V7), and the multi-element hot fluid is controlled to the target temperature by adjusting the water inflow of the blended water;

f) if the fuel pump (2) or the reactor (4) exceeds the tripping pressure of the safety valve, the safety valve (V9) of the reactor and/or the safety valve (V8) of the fuel pump trip, the fuel in the reactor (4) and/or a fuel supply line enters the accident tank (14) through a pipeline, and meanwhile, the spray pipe carries out spray cooling treatment to ensure the safety of the experiment.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the device closes the liquid oxygen tank outlet control valve (V2) to stop the oxygen supply after receiving a shutdown command; adjusting the power of the heater (3), ensuring that the fluid at the outlet of the reactor (4) has a constant cooling rate, and controlling a cold wall water channel backpressure valve (15) and a multi-element hot fluid channel backpressure valve (16) in the cooling process to respectively ensure that the pressure in the cooling wall of the reactor (4) and the pressure in the reactor are still maintained at a target pressure value; and when the outlet temperature of the reactor is reduced to a target temperature value, closing the fuel pump (2), the low-pressure pump (10) and the high-pressure metering pump (12), and controlling the cold wall water channel backpressure valve (15) and the multi-element hot fluid channel backpressure valve (16) to gradually reduce the pressure of the loop to the normal pressure.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of supercritical hydrothermal combustion, and particularly relates to a supercritical hydrothermal combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generating device and method with safety guarantee.

Background

The traditional exploitation modes of the thickened oil resources, such as steam huff and puff, steam flooding, steam assisted gravity drainage and the like, mainly inject hot steam generated by a ground steam injection boiler into a stratum so as to improve the temperature of the stratum, reduce the viscosity of the thickened oil, increase the fluidity of the thickened oil and achieve the purpose of improving the recovery efficiency of the thickened oil. The conventional steam injection exploitation technology is mature, but the problems of serious environmental pollution, large smoke discharge loss, limited applicable oil reservoir depth, overlarge device volume, incapability of being applied to offshore heavy oil exploitation and the like can not be solved all the time. Therefore, the development of a novel supercritical hydrothermal combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generating device has very important significance in the fields of thickened oil exploitation and energy supply safety guarantee.

Supercritical Water (SCW) means that both temperature and pressure are higher than its critical point (T)_c＝374.15℃，p_c22.12MPa) of water in a special state. When the temperature and pressure of water exceed their critical points, the physical and chemical properties of water, such as density, viscosity, dielectric constant, ionic product, etc., will change dramatically. Wherein the density is similar to that of the liquid and is 100 to 1000 times greater than that of the corresponding normal-pressure gas; the diffusion coefficient is between that of gas and liquid and is 10-100 times that of common liquid. In addition, the viscosity of supercritical water is significantly lower than that of conventional water, which isThe diffusion coefficient is improved, the mass transfer performance is improved, oxygen, air, water and most of organic matters can be dissolved in each other in any proportion in a supercritical water system, a gas-liquid phase interface disappears, the supercritical water oxidation system becomes a homogeneous reaction system, the mass transfer and heat transfer resistance among phases is eliminated, the reaction speed is accelerated, and the organic matters can be thoroughly oxidized and degraded into CO within a few seconds to a few minutes₂、H₂O、N₂And other organic small molecular compounds, the removal rate of most organic wastes is as high as 99.9 percent.

Supercritical Hydrothermal Combustion (SCHC) is a novel Combustion mode in which fuel or organic waste with a certain concentration and an oxidant undergo a severe oxidation reaction in a Supercritical water environment to generate Hydrothermal flames. Supercritical hydrothermal flame is usually above 800 ℃, and the degradation of organic matters is remarkably accelerated by local high temperature in a hydrothermal flame area (most of organic matters can be degraded within 100 milliseconds), so that a large amount of heat is released, and even the supercritical hydrothermal flame can be used as a means for obtaining energy. The combustion mode has a plurality of significant advantages that (1) the reaction speed is high, and the reaction speed is millisecond: a homogeneous reaction system is formed in the supercritical hydrothermal combustion reaction system, a large amount of hydroxyl radicals are generated, rapid free radical reaction is carried out, the fuels such as alcohols, crude oil and the like can be fully combusted in a very short time, and the reaction is rapid and thorough. (2) The combustion is stable and efficient: the supercritical hydrothermal combustion type multi-element hot fluid generating device is more stable, efficient and clean in combustion and more compact in generator structure. (3) Supercritical hydrothermal combustion reaction product is mainly CO₂And steam, CO when used in a heavy oil recovery process₂Can reduce viscosity actively, further improve development effect and realize 100 percent utilization of products.

The supercritical hydrothermal combustion reaction is a high-temperature high-pressure reaction, so that the preheating of materials to be treated, the temperature reduction and pressure reduction of multi-element hot fluid generated by combustion, the safety guarantee of the supercritical hydrothermal combustion reactor and the emergency treatment are essential links in the supercritical hydrothermal combustion process. In addition, the experimental research of the supercritical hydrothermal combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generation process is the preparation and precondition work of applying the supercritical hydrothermal combustion technology to the heavy oil thermal recovery field.

In order to ensure the operability and the economical efficiency of the process, the heat exchanger with the double-spiral coil and the stirrer is a reasonable choice for the temperature reduction treatment of the multi-element thermal fluid. In view of the supercritical hydrothermal combustion reaction high-temperature and high-pressure operating conditions, a series of interlocking control such as interlocking of temperature and pressure in the reactor is necessary selection for ensuring the matching of operating pressure and temperature, the safety and reliability of system start and shutdown and the system operation effect. In addition, the reactor is provided with a visual fire observation hole, so that the ignition condition and the flame stability in the reactor can be observed in real time, and the research on supercritical hydrothermal combustion experiments is further guided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a supercritical water heat combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generating device and method aiming at safety and reliability of supercritical water heat combustion type multi-element thermal fluid rear end cooling and pressure reduction treatment and supercritical water heat combustion reactor starting, operation and shutdown in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a supercritical hydrothermal combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generating device with safety guarantee comprises:

the reactor is internally composed of an upper combustion space and a lower mixing space which are communicated through spray holes, fuel is subjected to hydrothermal combustion reaction in the combustion space, reaction products enter the mixing space through the spray holes and are mixed with mixing water to obtain multi-element hot fluid, and a fuel return port is arranged at the upper part of the combustion space;

and the accident tank processing module comprises an accident tank, the inlet of the accident tank is connected with the fuel return port through a pipeline with a reactor safety valve, the inlet of the accident tank is connected with the fuel supply line of the reactor through a pipeline with a fuel pump safety valve, the reactor safety valve and/or the fuel pump safety valve jump when the pressure exceeds the set pressure, and the fuel in the reactor and/or the fuel supply line is sent to the accident tank.

In one embodiment, the invention further comprises a cooling and pressure reducing module, wherein the cooling and pressure reducing module comprises a cooler, the cooler comprises a tank body, a cold wall water coil and a multi-element hot fluid coil are arranged in the tank, a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet are formed in the wall of the tank, the reactor is provided with a cooling wall, the inlet of the multi-element hot fluid coil is connected with the multi-element hot fluid outlet of the reactor, the outlet of the multi-element hot fluid coil is connected with a sewage discharge pipe network through a pipeline with a multi-element hot fluid channel back pressure valve, the inlet of the cold wall water coil is connected with the cold wall water outlet of the reactor, and the outlet of the cold wall water coil is connected with the sewage discharge pipe network through a pipeline with a cold wall water channel back pressure valve.

Illustratively, the cooling water inlet is connected with a cooling water supply line, the cooling water supply line comprises a water storage tank, the outlet of the water storage tank is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a low-pressure pump, the outlet of the low-pressure pump is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the cooling water inlet, the other path is connected with a cold wall water tank, the outlet of the cold wall water tank is connected with a high-pressure metering pump, the outlet of the high-pressure metering pump is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the mixed water inlet of the reactor through a mixed water path electric regulating valve, and the other path is connected with the cold wall water inlet of the reactor through a cold wall water path electric regulating valve.

Illustratively, a spray pipe for spraying and cooling the fuel is arranged at the upper part in the accident tank, the spray pipe is connected with the other path of the outlet of the water storage tank, the spray control of the spray pipe is linked with the reactor safety valve and/or the fuel pump safety valve, and the spray is started when the reactor safety valve and/or the fuel pump safety valve jump.

In one embodiment, the invention further comprises a temperature and pressure regulating module, wherein the temperature and pressure regulating module comprises a mixing waterway electric regulating valve, a multi-element hot fluid path backpressure valve, a fuel pump and a heater which are sequentially arranged on a fuel supply line, the fuel is boosted and heated to a preset temperature, and the heating power is regulated by the heater, the mixing waterway electric regulating valve and the multi-element hot fluid path backpressure valve in a linkage manner to ensure the safety of the supercritical water-heating combustion reaction.

Illustratively, a primary fuel inlet, a secondary fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet and a visual fire observation hole are arranged on the reactor, fuel discharged from the heater is divided into two paths which are respectively connected to the primary fuel inlet and the secondary fuel inlet, an oxidant supply line of the reactor is connected with the oxidant inlet, the primary fuel inlet is communicated with a heating channel of the reactor, the primary fuel contacts and burns with the oxidant after passing through the heating channel, then the secondary fuel is ignited, oxidation heat release is completed to generate a hydrothermal combustion reaction, the heater preheats the fuel through flow distribution of the primary fuel and the secondary fuel, a flame image in the reactor is observed through the visual fire observation hole, and the fuel quantity and the fuel concentration are guided.

Illustratively, the fuel return port is disposed at a location where the primary fuel is combusted in contact with the oxidant.

Illustratively, the fuel supply line comprises a fuel storage tank, an outlet of the fuel storage tank is connected with a fuel pump through a fuel storage tank outlet control valve, an outlet of the fuel pump is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a heater, the other path is connected with an inlet of the fuel pump safety valve, the oxidant supply line comprises a liquid oxygen tank, an outlet of the liquid oxygen tank is connected with a low-temperature liquid oxygen pump through a liquid oxygen tank outlet control valve, an outlet of the low-temperature liquid oxygen pump is sequentially connected with a liquid oxygen vaporizer and an oxygen buffer tank, and an outlet of the oxygen buffer tank is connected with an oxidant inlet of the reactor.

The invention also provides a method based on the supercritical water hot combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generating device with safety guarantee, which is adjusted by the following means in the operation process of the device:

a. if the fluid pressure at the outlet of the fuel pump is lower than the target pressure, the fuel pump adjusts the pressure to the target pressure through the frequency converter;

b. if the liquid oxygen flow at the outlet of the low-temperature liquid oxygen pump is lower than or higher than the target flow, the low-temperature liquid oxygen pump adjusts the flow to the target flow through a frequency converter;

c. if the temperature of the pressure-bearing wall of the reactor exceeds the set temperature, the temperature of the pressure-bearing wall is automatically interlocked to the heater to reduce the heating power, so that the temperature of the pressure-bearing wall is reduced, and the temperature of the pressure-bearing wall is interlocked to the automatic regulating valve of the cold wall water path to increase the opening, so that the water flow of the cold wall is increased;

d. if the differential pressure of a differential pressure transmitter at the water inlet of the cold wall of the reactor exceeds the set pressure, the differential pressure transmitter is linked to a multi-element hot fluid path backpressure valve, and the differential pressure is in a normal range by adjusting the opening degree of the backpressure valve;

e. if the temperature of the multi-element hot fluid at the outlet of the reactor is lower than or exceeds the target temperature, the multi-element hot fluid is linked to the mixing waterway automatic regulating valve, and the multi-element hot fluid is controlled to the target temperature by regulating the water inflow of the mixing water;

f. if the fuel pump or the reactor exceeds the tripping pressure of the safety valve, the safety valve of the reactor and/or the safety valve of the fuel pump trips, the fuel in the reactor (4) and/or the fuel supply line enters the accident tank through the pipeline, and meanwhile, the spray pipe carries out spray cooling treatment to ensure the safety of the experiment.

Preferably, after the device receives the shutdown command, the outlet control valve of the liquid oxygen tank is closed, and the oxygen supply is stopped; adjusting the power of a heater, ensuring that the fluid at the outlet of the reactor has a constant cooling rate, controlling a cold wall water channel backpressure valve and a multi-element hot fluid channel backpressure valve in the cooling process, and respectively ensuring that the pressure in the cooling wall of the reactor and the pressure in the reactor are still maintained at a target pressure value; and when the temperature of the outlet of the reactor is reduced to a target temperature value, closing the fuel pump, the low-pressure pump and the high-pressure metering pump, and controlling the cold wall water channel backpressure valve and the multi-element hot fluid channel backpressure valve to gradually reduce the pressure of the loop to the normal pressure.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. when the system is started, firstly boosting and then heating: firstly, filling water and boosting pressure in the reactor and the cooling wall to realize the matching of working pressure between the reactor and the cooling wall so as to ensure the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the cooling wall; the back pressure valve of the multi-element thermal fluid path is adjusted in a linkage manner to maintain the internal and external pressure difference of the cooling wall within a limited range, so that the safe operation of the experiment is ensured.

2. The system starts fuel staged feeding: a primary fuel inlet, a secondary fuel inlet and an oxidant inlet are arranged on the reactor with the visual fire observation hole, the fuel with small flow can be heated to the thermal spontaneous combustion temperature by a heater, so that the thermal spontaneous combustion ignition is realized, and then the heat generated by combustion is transferred to the secondary fuel, so that the stable ignition of the secondary fuel is realized. Compared with the conventional supercritical water heat combustion reactor which needs to completely preheat the materials to the heat spontaneous combustion temperature, the invention can realize the water heat combustion with larger flow by using a heater with smaller power, so the design power of the heater is lower, and the investment is smaller.

3. The visible fire observation hole is arranged on the hydrothermal combustion reactor, fuel and oxidant are oxidized and released heat in the reactor to generate hydrothermal combustion, and the visible fire observation hole can be used for observing whether the reactor is on fire or not and flame stability and guiding supercritical hydrothermal combustion experiments to be carried out.

4. The accident tank processing module is connected with the fuel pump safety valve and the reactor safety valve, the safety valve will jump when the devices exceed the set pressure, fluid will enter the accident tank through a pipeline, and meanwhile, the spray pipe performs spray cooling processing to ensure experiment safety.

5. The double-spiral coil and the stirrer are arranged in the cooler, so that the heat exchange effect can be enhanced, and the cooling water consumption in the experimental process is reduced. The combustion products and the wall cooling water respectively enter respective coil pipes in the cooler, and are subjected to pressure reduction treatment through back pressure valves of respective pipelines after being subjected to heat exchange with cooling water outside the coil pipes and cooled to a preset temperature, so that the combustion products and the wall cooling water enter a laboratory sewage pipe network for discharge.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the reactor structure of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the cooler of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the accident tank of the present invention.

Wherein, 1-a fuel storage tank; 2-a fuel pump; 3-a heater; 4-a reactor; 5-liquid oxygen tank; 6-low temperature liquid oxygen pump; 7-liquid oxygen vaporizer; 8-an oxygen buffer tank; 9-a water storage tank; 10-a low pressure pump; 11-a cold wall water tank; 12-high pressure metering pump; 13-a cooler; 14-accident canister; 15-cold wall waterway back pressure valve; 16-multi-element thermal fluid path back pressure valve; v1-fuel tank outlet control valve; v2-liquid oxygen tank outlet control valve; V3-Water tank outlet control valve; v4-outlet control valve of cold wall water tank; v5-emergency tank inlet control valve; v6-electric regulating valve for mixing waterway; V7-Cold wall Water way electric control valve.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.

As shown in figure 1, the invention is a supercritical hydrothermal combustion type multi-element thermal fluid generating device with safety guarantee, which comprises a reactor 4 and an accident tank treatment module, and optionally comprises a cooling and pressure reduction module and a temperature and pressure regulation module.

The reactor 4 is internally composed of an upper combustion space and a lower mixing space which are communicated through spray holes, fuel is subjected to hydrothermal combustion reaction in the combustion space, reaction products enter the mixing space through the spray holes and are mixed with mixing water to obtain multi-element hot fluid, and a fuel return opening is formed in the upper portion of the combustion space. The fuel-return port is provided in the reactor 4 in a region where the fuel is initially burned in contact with the oxidant.

Referring to FIG. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a primary fuel inlet, a secondary fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet, and a visualization port may be disposed on reactor 4. And a heating channel is arranged on the top cover above the combustion space.

In the embodiment of the invention, the fuel supply circuit comprises a fuel storage tank 1, the outlet of the fuel storage tank 1 is connected with a fuel pump 2 through a fuel storage tank outlet control valve V1, the outlet of the fuel pump 2 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a heater 3, and the other path is connected with the inlet of a fuel pump safety valve V8. The fuel of the heater 3 is divided into two paths, and is respectively connected to the first-stage fuel inlet and the second-stage fuel inlet, so that the preheating requirement is effectively reduced by the incidence of the two-stage fuel, the power of the heater is reduced, and the investment and operation cost of the supercritical water heat combustion system is further reduced. An oxidant supply line of the reactor 4 is connected with an oxidant inlet, a primary fuel inlet is communicated with a heating channel of the reactor 4, a primary fuel passes through the heating channel and then contacts with the oxidant for combustion, then a secondary fuel is ignited to complete oxidation heat release to generate hydrothermal combustion reaction, the heater 3 preheats the fuel through flow distribution of the primary fuel and the secondary fuel, flame images in the reactor 4 are observed through a visual fire observation hole, and the fuel quantity and the fuel concentration are guided. The heater 3 accessible interlocking regulation is heated fuel to predetermined temperature to guarantee supercritical hydrothermal combustion reaction safety through interlocking regulation heater power.

Specifically, in order to ensure that the heat release of the combustion of the primary fuel is enough to heat the secondary fuel to the thermal autoignition temperature so as to ensure the ignition of the secondary fuel, the flame in the reactor is not extinguished, and the ratio of the primary fuel to the secondary fuel is not lower than 1: 3.

In the reactor only provided with the primary fuel, all the fuel needs to be preheated to the hot self-ignition temperature through the heater 3, the fuel is divided into the primary fuel and the secondary fuel after being preheated primarily, only a part of the primary fuel is further heated to the hot self-ignition temperature in the heating channel, and the power of the heater 3 can be reduced to about 1/4.

In the visual fire observation hole, a flame detector can be used as a window for observing the condition of fire in the reactor, a thermal infrared instrument is arranged outside the window to monitor the flame temperature in real time, and if the temperature exceeds a set value, the flame temperature can be adjusted by reducing the fuel quantity or reducing the fuel concentration, or vice versa.

In the embodiment of the invention, the oxidant supply line comprises a liquid oxygen tank 5, the outlet of the liquid oxygen tank 5 is connected with a low-temperature liquid oxygen pump 6 through a liquid oxygen tank outlet control valve V2, the outlet of the low-temperature liquid oxygen pump 6 is sequentially connected with a liquid oxygen vaporizer 7 and an oxygen buffer tank 8, and the outlet of the oxygen buffer tank 8 is connected with the oxidant inlet of the reactor 4.

The accident tank processing module comprises an accident tank 14, an accident tank inlet control valve V5 is arranged at the inlet of the accident tank 14, the accident tank inlet control valve is connected with a fuel return port through a pipeline with a reactor safety valve V9, the accident tank inlet control valve is connected with a fuel supply line of the reactor 4 through a pipeline with a fuel pump safety valve V8, the reactor safety valve V9 and/or the fuel pump safety valve V8 jump when the set pressure is exceeded, and fuel in the reactor 4 and/or the fuel supply line is returned to the accident tank 14, so that overpressure protection is performed, and the operation safety is guaranteed.

The cooling depressurization module utilizes a backpressure valve to perform depressurization treatment, and comprises a cooler 13, referring to fig. 3, wherein the cooler 13 comprises a tank body with a stirrer, a cold wall water coil and a multi-element hot fluid coil are arranged in the tank, and the cold wall water coil and the multi-element hot fluid coil can be of a double-spiral coil structure. The double-spiral coil and the stirrer are arranged, so that cooling is more sufficient, and the cooling water requirement is reduced. The reactor 4 is provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet, the inlet of the multi-element hot fluid coil is connected with the multi-element hot fluid outlet of the reactor 4, the outlet of the multi-element hot fluid coil is connected with a sewage discharge pipe network through a pipeline with a multi-element hot fluid path back pressure valve 16, the inlet of the cold wall water coil is connected with the cold wall water outlet of the reactor 4, and the outlet of the cold wall water coil is connected with the sewage discharge pipe network through a pipeline with a cold wall water path back pressure valve 15. And the pressure reduction of the multi-element hot fluid and the cold wall water of the reactor is finished by using a multi-element hot fluid channel back pressure valve 16 and a cold wall water channel back pressure valve 15. After the combustion products and the cold wall water exchange heat with cooling water outside the coil pipes in the respective coil pipes to reduce the temperature to a preset temperature, the pressure reduction treatment is completed through back pressure valves of the respective pipelines, and the combustion products and the cold wall water enter a sewage discharge pipe network to be discharged.

In the invention, the cooling water inlet is connected with a cooling water supply line, the cooling water supply line can also be understood as a component of a cooling depressurization module, the cooling water supply line comprises a water storage tank 9, the outlet of the water storage tank 9 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a low-pressure pump 10 through a water storage tank outlet control valve V3, the outlet of the low-pressure pump 10 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the cooling water inlet of a cooler 13, the other path is connected with a cold wall water tank 11, the outlet of the cold wall water tank 11 is connected with a high-pressure metering pump 12 through a cold wall water tank outlet control valve V4, the outlet of the high-pressure metering pump 12 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a mixed water inlet of a reactor 4 through a mixed water path electric regulating valve V6, mixed water and combustion products are mixed to generate multi-element hot fluid, and the other path is connected with the cold wall water inlet of the reactor 4 through a cold wall water path electric regulating valve V7.

In the invention, referring to fig. 4, a spray pipe for spraying and cooling the fuel is arranged at the upper part in the accident tank 14, the spray pipe is connected with the other path of the outlet of the water storage tank 9, the spray control of the spray pipe is linked with the reactor safety valve V9 and/or the fuel pump safety valve V8, and when the reactor safety valve V9 and/or the fuel pump safety valve V8 jump, the spray is started to carry out cooling treatment so as to ensure safety.

The temperature and pressure regulating module comprises a mixing waterway electric regulating valve V6, a multi-element hot fluid path backpressure valve 16, a fuel pump 2 and a heater 3 which are sequentially arranged on a fuel supply line, the fuel is boosted and heated to a preset temperature, and the heating power is regulated by the heater 3, the mixing waterway electric regulating valve V6 and the multi-element hot fluid path backpressure valve 16 in a linkage manner to ensure the safety of the supercritical water heat combustion reaction. The interlocking control of the temperature and the pressure of the reactor ensures the process effect and the system safety.

When the invention is applied, in the initial stage of starting, the fuel storage tank outlet control valve V1, the liquid oxygen tank outlet control valve V2, the water storage tank outlet control valve V3, the cold wall water tank outlet control valve V4 and the accident tank inlet control valve V5 are all in a closed state, and the cold wall water channel back pressure valve 15 and the multi-element hot fluid channel back pressure valve 16 are all in a full-open state.

At the time of starting, the water tank outlet control valve V3 is first opened, and the low-pressure pump 10 is started to fill the entire cooler 13 with cooling water. Then opening a cold wall water tank outlet control valve V4, setting target pressure values of a multi-element hot fluid path back pressure valve 16 and a cold wall water path back pressure valve 15, starting a high-pressure metering pump 12, enabling the cold wall water and the mixed water to respectively enter a cold wall water inlet and a mixed water inlet of the reactor 4, gradually adjusting the opening degrees of the cold wall water path back pressure valve 15 and the multi-element hot fluid path back pressure valve 16 until the pressure of the cooling wall and the pressure at the reactor are increased to the target pressure values, and finishing the pressure increase of the cooling protection process at this moment; then, opening a fuel storage tank outlet control valve V1, a liquid oxygen tank outlet control valve V2 and an accident tank inlet control valve V5, starting a heater 3, enabling the fuel to enter the heater 3 for preheating after being boosted by a fuel pump 2, and adjusting the power of the heater 3 in the temperature rising process to ensure that the inlet of the reactor 4 has a proper temperature rising rate, and then entering the reactor 4; liquid oxygen from the liquid oxygen tank 5 sequentially flows through the liquid oxygen pump 6 and the liquid oxygen gasifier 7, then enters the oxygen buffer tank 8 in an oxygen form and then enters the reactor 4, and the system starting process is finished;

the composition is adjusted during the operation by the following means:

a. if the outlet fluid pressure of the fuel pump 2 is lower than the target pressure, the fuel pump 2 adjusts the pressure to the target pressure through the frequency converter;

b. if the liquid oxygen flow at the outlet of the low-temperature liquid oxygen pump 6 is lower than or higher than the target flow, the low-temperature liquid oxygen pump 6 adjusts the flow to the target flow through a frequency converter;

c. if the temperature of the pressure-bearing wall of the reactor 4 exceeds the set temperature, the automatic interlocking device is linked to the heater 3 to reduce the heating power so as to reduce the temperature of the pressure-bearing wall, and is linked to the cold wall water channel automatic regulating valve V7 to increase the opening, so that the water flow of the cold wall is increased;

d. if the differential pressure of the differential pressure transmitter at the water inlet of the cold wall of the reactor 4 exceeds the set pressure, the differential pressure transmitter is linked to the multi-element hot fluid path backpressure valve 16, and the differential pressure is in a normal range by adjusting the opening degree of the backpressure valve;

e. if the temperature of the multi-element hot fluid at the outlet of the reactor 4 is lower than or exceeds the target temperature, the multi-element hot fluid is linked to the blending water path automatic adjusting valve V7, and the multi-element hot fluid is controlled to the target temperature by adjusting the water inflow of the blended water;

f. if the fuel pump 2 or the reactor 4 exceeds the tripping pressure of the safety valve, the safety valve V9 of the reactor and/or the safety valve V8 of the fuel pump trip, the fuel in the reactor (4) and/or the fuel supply line enters the accident tank 14 through a pipeline, and meanwhile, the spray pipe carries out spray cooling treatment to ensure the safety of the experiment.

After receiving the shutdown command, closing the outlet control valve V2 of the liquid oxygen tank and stopping oxygen supply; and adjusting the power of the heater 3 to ensure that the fluid at the outlet of the reactor 4 has a constant cooling rate, and controlling a cold wall water channel backpressure valve 15 and a multi-element hot fluid channel backpressure valve 16 in the cooling process to respectively ensure that the pressure in the cooling wall of the reactor 4 and the pressure in the reactor are still maintained at a target pressure value.

And when the outlet temperature of the reactor is reduced to a target temperature value, closing the fuel pump 2, the low-pressure pump 10 and the high-pressure metering pump 12, and controlling the cold wall water channel back pressure valve 15 and the multi-element hot fluid channel back pressure valve 16 to gradually reduce the loop pressure to the normal pressure.