阅读说明：本技术 植物中药材热处理工艺 (Heat treatment process for plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials ) 是由 周文超 周立刚 于 2021-08-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种植物中药材热处理工艺,包括以下步骤：第一步,将新鲜中药材切片或切成指定规格；第二步,打将第一步处理后的新鲜中药材放入所述盛装件内,盖上药材取放门；第三步,加热装置的排气管出口与接收容器连通；将盛装有药材的多个盛装件按照自下而上的次序叠放在容纳腔内,在叠放时每相邻两个盛装件之间放置一个分隔件；第四步,启动加热装置对盛装件内的新鲜中药材进行加热干燥。本发明的热处理工艺克服了药材因水分变化引起的霉变等现象,在温度和时间共同作用使植物药材中的有效成分由药材内部向药材外部析出至表面,有效提升药材品质和功效,在满足中国药典炮制通则规定的“存性”和“陈化”要求的同时,还有效避免了药材灰化。(The invention discloses a heat treatment process for plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which comprises the following steps: firstly, slicing or cutting fresh traditional Chinese medicinal materials into specified specifications; secondly, putting the fresh Chinese medicinal materials processed in the first step into the containing piece, and covering a medicinal material taking and placing door; thirdly, an outlet of an exhaust pipe of the heating device is communicated with the receiving container; stacking a plurality of containers containing medicinal materials in an accommodating cavity in sequence from bottom to top, and placing a separator between every two adjacent containers during stacking; and fourthly, starting the heating device to heat and dry the fresh Chinese medicinal materials in the containing part. The heat treatment process disclosed by the invention overcomes the phenomena of mildew and the like of medicinal materials caused by water change, the effective components in the plant medicinal materials are separated out to the surface from the interior of the medicinal materials to the exterior of the medicinal materials under the combined action of temperature and time, the quality and the effect of the medicinal materials are effectively improved, and the ashing of the medicinal materials is effectively avoided while the requirements of 'storability' and 'aging' specified by the general rules of processing in Chinese pharmacopoeia are met.)

1. A heat treatment process for plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

firstly, removing impurities on fresh traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and slicing or cutting the fresh traditional Chinese medicinal materials into specified specifications;

secondly, opening a medicinal material taking and placing door of the containing piece, placing the fresh Chinese medicinal materials processed in the first step into the containing piece, and then covering the medicinal material taking and placing door to finish the medicinal material containing of one containing piece; then repeating the operation, and putting the remaining fresh Chinese medicinal materials processed in the first step into a plurality of container parts;

wherein each side wall of the container is provided with a ventilation unit which can make hot air overflow;

thirdly, an outlet of an exhaust pipe of the heating device is communicated with the receiving container, and an outlet of the exhaust pipe is positioned below the liquid level of the receiving container; stacking a plurality of containers containing medicinal materials in the accommodating cavity in sequence from bottom to top, and placing a separator between every two adjacent containers during stacking;

fourthly, starting a heating device to heat the fresh Chinese medicinal materials in the container, controlling the heating temperature to be 110-210 ℃ for drying, and naturally cooling after drying for 2-4 h.

2. The heat treatment process of the plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: each ventilation unit comprises a plurality of rows of ventilation holes, and the ventilation holes on each side wall of the containing piece are regularly arranged.

3. The heat treatment process of plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: two adjacent rows of the air holes on each side wall of the containing piece are arranged in a staggered or matrix manner; the aperture of each air hole is 0.05 mm-0.3 mm, and the distance between two adjacent air holes in each row of air holes is 5 mm-15 mm.

4. The heat treatment process of the plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the containing piece is a containing box with a rectangular structure; the separator is a separator plate with the thickness of 20 mm-30 mm; the heating device is an electromagnetic heating drying box.

5. The heat treatment process of the plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, the heating device adopts gradient heating, the temperature is firstly increased to 110 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 min; then heating to 130 ℃, keeping for 10min to 120min, finally heating to the preset highest temperature, and keeping for 10min to 120 min.

6. The heat treatment process of the plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, when the fresh Chinese medicinal materials are root, rhizome, fruit or seed medicinal materials, the heating temperature is 110-210 ℃; when the fresh Chinese medicinal materials are stem or whole grass medicinal materials, the heating temperature is 110-180 ℃; when the fresh Chinese medicinal materials are leaf medicinal materials, the heating temperature is 110-170 ℃; when the fresh Chinese medicinal materials are flower medicinal materials, the heating temperature is 110-150 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine treatment technology, in particular to a heat treatment process for plant traditional Chinese medicines.

Background

The Chinese medicinal materials are divided into root and rhizome, stem and wood, leaf, flower, fruit and seed, and whole grass according to medicinal parts. Plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be used as medicines, refined or extracted after pretreatment, for example, folium artemisiae argyi is dried and then subjected to a subsequent processing technology when the moxa is prepared.

The drying method of the fresh Chinese medicinal plants mainly comprises drying methods such as a kiln, airing and the like. The drying method is to dry by using natural wind and sunlight, and is greatly influenced by environmental factors such as environmental temperature, moisture, sunlight and the like in the drying process, and particularly in rainy days, once the medicinal materials are improperly treated, semi-dry medicinal materials are mildewed and deteriorated, and even the medicinal materials are scrapped in severe cases, so that the kiln drying method is generally adopted in the prior art.

The traditional plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials are subjected to high-temperature heat treatment from harvesting to kiln drying, and have the problems of long period, high energy consumption, poor environmental protection, uneven quality of the medicinal materials, even loss of partial effective components in the medicinal materials and the like. Therefore, how to develop a heat treatment process for plant Chinese medicinal materials, which is green and environment-friendly and can ensure the drying quality of the medicinal materials, is an important problem of research in the industry.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a heat treatment process for plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which is efficient and environment-friendly, and can ensure that the effective components of the medicinal materials are not damaged and the quality of the medicinal materials is effectively ensured.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the heat treatment process of the plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials comprises the following steps:

firstly, removing impurities on fresh traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and slicing or cutting the fresh traditional Chinese medicinal materials into specified specifications;

secondly, opening a medicinal material taking and placing door of the containing piece, placing the fresh Chinese medicinal materials processed in the first step into the containing piece, and then covering the medicinal material taking and placing door to finish the medicinal material containing of one containing piece; then repeating the operation, and putting the remaining fresh Chinese medicinal materials processed in the first step into a plurality of container parts;

wherein each side wall of the container is provided with a ventilation unit which can make hot air overflow;

thirdly, an outlet of an exhaust pipe of the heating device is communicated with the receiving container, and an outlet of the exhaust pipe is positioned below the liquid level of the receiving container; stacking a plurality of containers containing medicinal materials in the accommodating cavity in sequence from bottom to top, and placing a separator between every two adjacent containers during stacking;

fourthly, starting a heating device to heat the fresh Chinese medicinal materials in the container, controlling the heating temperature to be 110-210 ℃ for drying, and naturally cooling after drying.

Preferably, each of the ventilation units includes a plurality of rows of ventilation holes, and the plurality of rows of ventilation holes on each side wall of the container are arranged in order (in a matrix or in a staggered manner). More preferably, two adjacent rows of air holes are arranged on each side wall of the containing piece in a staggered mode, and the air holes effectively improve the air permeability of the containing piece, so that moisture and hot air in an inner cavity of the containing piece can be discharged in time, and the quality of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is guaranteed.

Preferably, the aperture of each air hole is 0.05-0.3 mm, and the distance between two adjacent air holes in each row of air holes is 5-15 mm, so that hot air can be discharged out of the containing part in time, and medicinal materials can be prevented from falling off from the air holes.

Preferably, the container is a container box with a rectangular structure; preferably, the partition plate is 20-30 mm thick and separates the two containers, so that the containers are convenient to take and place and the stability of the containers can be improved; the heating device is an electromagnetic heating drying box, so that the heating effect is good, and the efficiency and the energy are high. More preferably, the heating device may be an electromagnetic vacuum drying oven.

Preferably, in the fourth step, the heating device adopts gradient heating, the temperature is raised to 110 ℃ firstly, and is kept for 10 min; then heating to 130 ℃, keeping for 10min to 120min, finally heating to the preset highest temperature, and keeping for 10min to 120 min.

Preferably, in the fourth step, when the fresh Chinese medicinal materials are root, rhizome, fruit or seed medicinal materials, the heating temperature is 110-210 ℃; when the fresh Chinese medicinal materials are stem or whole grass medicinal materials, the heating temperature is 110-180 ℃; when the fresh Chinese medicinal materials are leaf medicinal materials, the heating temperature is 110-170 ℃; when the fresh Chinese medicinal materials are flower medicinal materials, the heating temperature is 110-150 ℃. The invention can flexibly select the highest heating temperature according to the object to be processed, and meets the heat treatment requirements of different traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

More preferably, in the fourth step, the maximum heating temperature of the heating device is less than the lowest boiling point of the effective components in the medicinal materials, and the maximum heating temperature of the heating device is 10 ℃ lower than the lowest boiling point, so that the effective components are prevented from volatilizing in the drying process.

By adopting the technical scheme, the beneficial effects are as follows:

according to the invention, the fresh plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials are placed in the containing box with the air holes, hot air in the heating process is discharged into the receiving container through the exhaust pipe, and the outlet of the exhaust pipe is positioned below the liquid level, so that the unidirectional flow of the hot air is ensured, the external air can be prevented from entering the containing cavity of the heating device, and the drying efficiency is improved. Simultaneously, each side wall (including the medicinal material taking and placing door) of the containing box is provided with a plurality of rows of air holes, so that the air permeability of the containing box is effectively ensured, hot air generated by heating the medicinal material can be timely discharged, and the drying efficiency is improved.

The invention adopts a gradient heating mode, the highest heating temperature is lower than the lowest boiling point of the effective components in the medicinal materials to be treated (the difference between the two is more than 10 ℃), the effective components in the medicinal materials are effectively prevented from losing in the drying process, the effective components in the medicinal materials can be kept, and the drying quality can be improved through temperature control. The drying time of the heat treatment process can be controlled within 4h, the moisture content can be controlled within 6 percent, and the drying efficiency is high.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a container in the heat treatment process of the plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

Detailed Description

The heat treatment process of the plant Chinese medicinal materials of the invention is specifically described by taking the drying of the folium artemisiae argyi as an example, which is shown in the figure 1. The heating device mentioned in the invention is the existing commercial equipment.

The heat treatment process of the plant traditional Chinese medicinal materials comprises the following steps:

firstly, cutting picked fresh folium artemisiae argyi (the water content is about 24 percent) into specified specifications;

secondly, opening a medicinal material taking and placing door (the top wall of the containing box 1 is the medicinal material taking and placing door, can be of a pull-type structure and can also be hinged on a box body of the containing box 1) of the containing piece (namely the containing box 1), putting part of the fresh folium artemisiae argyi processed in the first step into the containing box 1, and then covering the medicinal material taking and placing door to finish the containing of one box of folium artemisiae argyi;

repeating the operation, and respectively putting the residual fresh folium artemisiae argyi processed in the first step into a plurality of containing boxes 1;

wherein, each side wall (including the bottom wall and the medicinal material taking and placing door) of the containing box 1 is provided with a ventilating unit for overflowing hot air, so that the ventilating performance of the containing box 1 is ensured, and the hot air generated by heating can be discharged out of the containing box 1 in time; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: each ventilation unit comprises a plurality of rows of ventilation holes 2, the plurality of rows of ventilation holes 2 on each side wall can be arranged in a staggered manner or in a matrix manner, so that the moisture and hot air in the containing box 1 can be discharged in time in the heating process, and the quality of the folium artemisiae argyi is improved;

the aperture of each air hole 2 is 0.1mm, and the distance between two adjacent air holes 2 in each row of air holes 2 is 10mm, so that hot air can be discharged out of a contained part in time, and medicinal materials can be prevented from falling off from the air holes 2;

the multi-layer screen is movably arranged in the containing box 1, and the screen is movably clamped in the positioning groove on the inner wall of the containing box 1, so that the screen can be pulled outwards and can be placed from top to bottom, and the flexible placement of the folium artemisiae argyi is realized; the folium artemisiae argyi is placed in the containing box 1 in a layered mode, so that the folium artemisiae argyi is prevented from being accumulated in a large quantity, the drying efficiency of the folium artemisiae argyi is improved, and the drying time is shortened;

thirdly, before the heating device 3 is started (the heating device 3 is an electromagnetic heating drying box or an electromagnetic vacuum drying box), the exhaust pipe 4 of the heating device 3 is inserted into the receiving container 5, and the outlet of the exhaust pipe 4 is ensured to be positioned below the liquid level of the receiving container 5, so that outside air is prevented from entering the accommodating cavity;

the containing boxes 1 are orderly stacked in the containing cavity of the heating device 3, the containing boxes are stacked in sequence from bottom to top in stacking, and a separator (namely a partition plate 6) with the thickness of 20 mm-30 mm is arranged between every two adjacent containing boxes 1 up and down in stacking, so that the containing boxes 1 can be conveniently taken and placed, and the stability is improved;

fourthly, starting the heating device 3, keeping the temperature for 10min when the temperature rises to 110 ℃, then heating to 130 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 100min to gasify the moisture in the folium artemisiae argyi, discharging the gasified hot water gas out of the containing box 1 through the air holes 2, and then cooling the hot water gas through the exhaust pipe 4 to flow into the receiving container 5; and then raising the temperature to 165 ℃ (the highest boiling point of the effective components in the folium artemisiae argyi is organic arsenic and the normal-pressure boiling point thereof is 684.9 ℃), the lowest boiling point of the effective components in the folium artemisiae argyi is eucalyptol and the normal-pressure boiling point thereof is 176.4 ℃, the highest heating and drying temperature is set to 165 ℃), and keeping the temperature for 30-60 min to separate out the effective components in the folium artemisiae argyi from inside to outside, namely, the effective components in the folium artemisiae argyi are separated out to the surface from the inside of the medicinal material under the combined action of temperature and time, so that the quality and the effect of the medicinal material are effectively improved, and ashing of the medicinal material is avoided while the requirements of 'existence' and 'aging' specified by the general rules of processing of Chinese pharmacopoeia are met.

After drying, taking out the containing box 1 for natural cooling, and detecting the cooled folium artemisiae argyi: the moisture content of the folium artemisiae argyi is 4%, the color of the folium artemisiae argyi is changed from original green to golden yellow, the folium artemisiae argyi has no grass smell, the quality of the folium artemisiae argyi is good, and the phenomena of mildew and the like caused by the change of moisture of medicinal materials are overcome; the eucalyptol in the folium artemisiae argyi is extracted according to the conventional experimental steps, the content of the eucalyptol in the total extract is not less than 18 percent, about 0.07 percent of the weight of the folium artemisiae argyi, and the content of the organic selenium is not less than 0.5mg/kg, so that the effective components of the folium artemisiae argyi are reserved while the rapid drying is realized, and the industrial processing requirements are met.

It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not restrictive, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-described embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the inventive concept, or equivalents of some of the features. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.