阅读说明：本技术 一种新型直流电机构成加速器和储能环 (Novel accelerator and energy storage ring formed by direct current motor ) 是由 张振亚 于 2021-08-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：当前,电能仍然不能大量储能,不能大量轻便携带。本发明可将新型直流电机的转子空心管内的气体带电质点在洛伦磁力的作用下加速储能,既作为直流发电机储能,也可作为带有储能设备的直流电动机使用。当气体带电质点速度达到相当高的速度时,其储能相当大。本发明可实现大量储能,大量轻便携带。本发明是将直流电机转子Z个槽数内,装上Z根空心导管,两端连接Z根环形固定空心管,组成储能环,如图1。由本发明可应用于：电动汽车、电动飞机、航天飞船(可飞火星来回)、太阳能储能、电网调峰、可实现可控聚变能商业运行。(At present, the electric energy still can not be a large amount of energy storage, can not lightly carry in a large number. The invention can accelerate the energy storage of the gas charged particles in the rotor hollow tube of the novel direct current motor under the action of Lorentz magnetic force, and the gas charged particles can be used as a direct current generator for energy storage and can also be used as a direct current motor with energy storage equipment. When the gas charged particle velocity reaches a relatively high velocity, its stored energy is relatively large. The invention can realize large amount of energy storage and is portable. The invention is that Z hollow conduits are arranged in Z slots of a direct current motor rotor, and two ends of the direct current motor rotor are connected with Z annular fixed hollow pipes to form an energy storage ring, as shown in figure 1. The invention can be applied to: the solar energy collecting and peak regulating device can realize the commercial operation of controllable energy collection and transformation, such as electric automobiles, electric airplanes, spaceships (flying to and fro with sparks), solar energy storage and power grid peak regulation.)

1. The utility model provides a novel DC motor accelerator and energy storage ring, in this DC motor rotor Z number of slots, its characterized in that inlays Z root hollow tube, connects the rotor ring of commuting at Z root hollow tube both ends, constitutes rotor hollow tube winding, and corresponding to rotor ring both sides of commuting, through a minimum clearance, the fixed ring of commuting of installation, connects Z root annular hollow tube at fixed ring both ends of commuting, makes two fixed rings of commuting communicate end to end, constitutes the energy storage ring, at two main magnetic pole junctures, connects the hollow nest of tubes of switching-over (as shown in figure 1).

2. The energy storage ring as claimed in claim 1, wherein each hollow tube is divided into tiny hollow tubes, the width of the inner wall is micron-sized, millimeter-sized, or nanometer-sized, the height of the inner wall is millimeter-sized, micron-sized, or nanometer-sized, the division can be made of ultra-thin material (such as ultra-thin glass with micron-sized), and the inner walls of the hollow tube and the thin-film hollow tube are coated with nano-conductive coating (such as chemical nickel coating), and the thin-film hollow tubes are divided, wherein the inner walls of the tiny thin-film hollow tubes in the hollow tubes are made of pure conductive material and are electrically conductive to each other (as shown in fig. 2). The hollow tube can also be divided by pure conductive ultrathin materials.

3. The rotor commutation ring of claim 1, wherein the stationary commutation ring has a constant height and a gradually increasing width, and the hollow thin film tubes with the same height and width are uniformly distributed on the entire commutation ring as far as the commutation ring port, and the thickness of the hollow thin film tube is gradually reduced near the commutation ring port until the film thickness near the commutation ring port is near zero, and a corona is generated at a low voltage to charge the high-speed moving neutral gas medium near the commutation ring port with positive charges, thereby avoiding the neutral gas from impacting the commutation ring port (see fig. 3) due to coulomb repulsion.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a fixed reversing hollow tube group is installed at the junction of two opposite magnetic poles, and before phase reversal, charged particles and neutral gas in motion in the rotor hollow tube are led into the charged particle hollow tube in the same direction as the charged particles through the fixed reversing hollow tube. The corresponding fixed hollow tube input charged particle site sub port of the led rotor hollow tube is closed and is not connected with the hollow tube, and the fixed reversing hollow tube can be connected in the opposite direction (as shown in figure 1) or in the same direction. The P pairs of magnetic poles are composed of 2P reversing hollow pipe groups.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein charged particles of the same polarity are injected into each of the thin film hollow tubes of the energy storage ring

6. The device as claimed in claim 5, wherein when a large amount of energy is stored in each of the thin film hollow tubes of the energy storage ring, charged particles and a neutral gas medium (such as pure argon gas) which is not easy to generate charged particles by collision are injected into each of the thin film hollow tubes.

7. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein each of the thin film hollow tubes of the energy storage ring is provided with a dc voltage on the inner wall of each thin film hollow tube having the same electrical polarity as the charged particles.

8. The charged particle voltages in each thin film hollow tube of the energy storage ring of claim 2 are: q ═ U_R÷(4xε₀r)＝r²ρ÷(3ε₀)

U-charged particle voltage in thin film hollow tube

Q_RIs the sum of the charges enclosed by a hollow tube with a spherical radius r

ε₀Vacuum permittivity

r-minimum distance from center of film hollow tube to tube wall

Rho- -charged particle density

It is characterized in that U is equal to E_a＝e_av＝2pφn÷60＝r²ρ÷(3ε₀)

e_avAverage induced electromotive forces V, E of rotor conductors_a- - -armature electromotive force V, p-pole pair number

Phi-flux per pole Wb, n-armature rpm

9. The energy storage ring as claimed in claim 2 wherein each of said hollow thin film tubes has an energy storage effect of 1 ÷ (4f) ═ π m ÷ (2eB) ≧ b ÷ V ÷ n

f- - (week/second)

mass of m-particles (kilogram)

e- -electric charge of the particle (library)

B-flux density (Wei/m)²)

V- -speed of particles (m/s)

Wherein b has three choices: b1 is 2 times the width of the film hollow tube; b2 is pitch

b3 is the polar distance

10. The energy storage ring of claim 2 wherein the conditions of starting availability of energy storage are characterized by: l is_a≤eBb²÷(2mV a)

L_a- - -rotor length (meter)

b- -width satisfying the energy storage condition (rice)

m- - - -charged particle mass (kilogram) satisfying energy storage conditions

V a- -rotor peripheral speed (m/s)

11. The energy-storage start-up validity condition of claim 10 wherein: selecting a motor size in accordance with L_aLess than or equal to (Pi b) ÷ 4 and when starting, reducing motor speed to V₀To make

V₀＝b×2eB÷(πM)

M- - -hollow tube with charged particle mass (kilogram)

V₀Rotor circumferential starting speed (m/s)

b- -width satisfying the energy storage condition (rice)

12. The energy storage initiation enhancement measure of claim 11, wherein: when the mass of the charged particles is not in accordance with the starting condition, the charged particles with large mass in accordance with the starting condition of the motor energy storage are injected to drive the charged particles with small mass, and when the charged particles reach a certain speed, L is_a＝V_dΔt＝V_d(b÷V_a) And then, the small-mass charged particles are left in the energy storage ring by a magnetic confinement method, and the large-mass charged particles are led out, so that the starting of the small-mass charged particles can be completed.

V_dVelocity of charged particles in the energy storage ring

V_a-rotor circumferential starting speed of small mass

13. The film hollow tube of claim 7, wherein the inner wall of each film hollow tube has a DC voltage having the same polarity as the charged particles, and the film hollow tube is characterized in that the charged particles are suspended in the film hollow tube against their own weight and restrain the suspended charged particles away from the inner wall of the film hollow tube, thereby reducing the friction loss of the high-speed moving charged particles to the inner wall.

14. The method as claimed in claim 9 wherein a low partial vacuum is formed behind the charged particles to confine neutral gas molecules behind the charged particles and a negative pressure is formed in the gap between the rotor commutation ring and the stationary commutation ring to keep the interior of the motor vacuum and prevent gas molecules in the hollow film tube from leaking out.

15. The hollow tube of claim 5 wherein the charged particles have the same electrical polarity and are located throughout the hollow tube, wherein the charged particles are accelerated such that the charged particles repel each other simultaneously and move with each other to accelerate the storage of energy in the charged particles throughout the hollow tube.

16. The energy-storing ring as claimed in claim 9, wherein the parameters are selected appropriately to satisfy R mV ÷ (eB), and the magnetic confinement method is adopted to make the charged particles moving at high speed stably operate in the closed energy-storing ring.

17. The method of claim 5, wherein the charged particles or charged particles and neutral air medium are injected into the hollow film tubes by pumping the energy storage ring into high vacuum, injecting the charged particles into the ion source, and injecting neutral air.

18. The method of claim 7, wherein the thin film hollow tube is provided with a DC voltage having the same electrical polarity as the charged particles, and the DC voltage is conducted through the insulating layer of the hollow tube and is connected to the conductive coating (e.g. nickel coating) on the inner wall of the hollow tube, and the thin film rotor hollow tube is conducted through the brush and the collector ring. The rotor film hollow pipe and the fixed hollow pipe penetrate through the insulating layer at equal intervals, and direct-current voltage is added.

19. The energy storage ring of claim 17 is pumped to high vacuum, and the vacuum sealing method is characterized in that the rotating part of the shaft pump is sealed by magnetic fluid.

20. The method of claim 2 wherein the entire energy storage ring and rotor core are cooled by cooling the stationary hollow tubes.

21. The external application energy of the accelerator and the energy storage ring of the direct current motor according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising two methods, wherein one method is that the direct current motor is driven by a prime motor to store energy through a mechanical method, the second method adopts that the external application direct current motor and the energy storage direct current motor are integrated into a novel direct current motor accelerator and the energy storage ring, and the direct current motor is driven to store energy through the high-speed rotation of the direct current motor through a direct current power supply (external application).

22. The integration of an external DC motor and an energy-storing DC motor according to claim 21 into a new DC motor accelerator and energy-storing ring is characterized by two methods, one is that the DC motor rotor armature (wire) (external power supply) is placed on the hollow tube of the rotor, the other is that the hollow tube is placed on the top, and the commutator (external power supply) is placed on the bottom.

23. The integration of an applied dc motor with an energy storage dc motor as claimed in claim 22 into a new dc motor accelerator and energy storage ring, wherein the armature of the applied dc motor is wound with a controllable switch.

24. The speed regulation of the accelerator and the energy storage ring of the novel direct current motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that 1) the field weakening speed regulation: the speed regulation is a speed regulation method for regulating the speed upwards from the rated rotating speed. 2) Reducing the voltage speed regulation of charged particles in the rotor film hollow tube: the voltage speed regulation of the charged particles in the rotor film hollow tube is indirectly reduced by reducing the voltage of the inner wall of the rotor film hollow tube and the voltage of the inner wall of the fixed film hollow tube. The lower the voltage, the lower the rotational speed. The speed regulating interval is adjusted downwards from the rated rotating speed.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the dc energy storage device is used as a dc motor, the armature winding of the dc motor of the externally applied prime mover is closed for a short time, and wherein the torque generated by the dc motor of the externally applied prime mover is opposite to the torque of the dc energy storage device, thereby reducing the rotational speed. If the short-circuit current of the rotor of the externally applied DC motor is too large, a resistor can be connected in series.

26. The charged particle voltage in each thin film hollow tube of the energy storage ring of claim 8 is: q ═ U_R÷(4xε₀r)＝r²ρ÷(3ε₀) It is characterized in that the energy storage ring has a point charge Q_L＝V_s×ρ₀

V_s-the total volume of gas contained in the hollow tube of the energy storage ring is rho ═ rho₀

Rotor current I ═ Q_Lf

f- - - -the frequency of charged particles and gas in the energy storage ring V/L

V-the designed speed of the charged particles and gas in the energy storage ring for energy storage.

L- -energy storage Ring perimeter

27. The energy storage validity condition of claim 9 being

The characteristic of 1/4 f pi m/2 eB ≥ b/V is that different b-sizes are selected to obtain different dotted mass points, the b-size is selected from the polar distance to the width of the film hollow tube, and the dotted mass points can be selected from nano material to molecule and atom.

28. The dot particle mass selectable nanomaterial aluminum oxide (AL) of claim 2₂O₃) Atom: gold ion potassium ion deuterium ion

29. The energy storing ring as claimed in claim 6, wherein SF6 gas is injected into each thin film hollow tube when a large amount of energy is required to be stored

30. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the charged particles and neutral gas medium are injected into the thin film hollow tubes of the energy storage ring, and the method comprises the following steps: when the energy storage speed of the charged particle and neutral gas deuterium and tritium injected into the charged particle and neutral gas reaches 1200km/s, the temperature can reach 1 hundred million degrees after collision, the condition for maintaining controllable fusion reaction can be met, and the released energy is more than 400 times of the input energy.

The technical field is as follows: the invention belongs to the field of accelerators and electric energy storage equipment, and particularly relates to a novel accelerator and electric energy storage equipment consisting of a direct current motor

Background art: at present, the electric energy can not a large amount of energy storage, can not lightly carry in a large number, and the energy storage cost is very high, and energy storage weight is too big every kilowatt-hour.

The invention content is as follows:

the invention has the technical effects that: the invention can accelerate the energy storage of the gas charged particles in the rotor hollow tube of the novel direct current motor under the action of the Lorentz magnetic force, can be used as a direct current generator for storing energy, and can also convert the electric energy of the gas charged particles stored in the rotor hollow tube into mechanical energy, namely can be used as a direct current motor with energy storage equipment and containing a large amount of electric energy. When the gas charged particle velocity reaches a relatively high velocity, its stored energy is relatively large. For example: the speed of charged gas particles for storing energy in the hollow tube of the rotor is accelerated to reach ten thousand kilometers per second, and the mass energy stored per gram is as follows:

W＝(1÷2)mv²＝(1÷2)×1×10^-3×(10⁴×10³)²＝5×10¹⁰J

the calorific value of each kilogram of gasoline is as follows: w ═ 4.6 × 10⁷J/Kg

W÷W’＝(5×0¹⁰)÷(4.6×10⁷)＝1.08×10³Kg means that when every gram of gas and charged particles in the hollow rotor duct are accelerated to reach ten thousand kilometers per second, the energy storage is 1.08 multiplied by 10³The efficiency of converting electric energy into mechanical energy is far higher than that of converting the gasoline into the mechanical energy by combustion, and the electric energy is environment-friendly.

Therefore, the gas charged particles with little mass can store a large amount of electric energy only by accelerating to a certain high speed, and the self mass is little and the weight is light.

Secondly, novel direct current motor accelerator and energy storage ring structure:

1) the overall structure of the accelerator and the energy storage ring of the direct current motor is as follows:

the invention embeds Z rotor hollow pipes 1 in Z slots of a direct current motor rotor, connects rotor commutation rings 2 at two ends of the Z rotor hollow pipes to form a rotor hollow pipe winding, installs fixed commutation rings 3 corresponding to two sides of the rotor commutation rings through a small gap, connects Z annular fixed hollow pipes 4 at two ends of the fixed commutation rings to communicate the two fixed commutation rings end to form an energy storage ring 6, and connects and fixes the commutation hollow pipes 5 at the junction of two magnetic poles (as shown in figure 1). The energy storage ring hollow core pipe is divided into a rotor hollow pipe and a fixing hollow pipe, the rotor hollow pipe is made of a non-magnetic material, the inner wall or the outer wall of the rotor hollow pipe is insulated from an iron core by an insulating material, and the inner wall or the outer wall of the fixing hollow pipe is also made of an insulating material, so that the fixing hollow pipes are mutually insulated and insulated to the ground.

2) The structure of the direct current motor accelerator and the energy storage ring core tube comprises:

each hollow tube is divided into tiny film cavities 8 with the width of the inner wall being micron-sized or millimeter-sized or nanometer-sized, the height of the inner wall being millimeter-sized or micron-sized or nanometer-sized, ultra-thin materials, namely film interlayers 9 (such as micron-sized ultra-thin glass) can be adopted, nanoscale conductive coatings, namely micron conductive coatings 10 (such as chemical nickel coatings) are coated on the inner walls around the hollow tubes and the inner walls around the thin film hollow tubes, the thin film hollow tubes are divided, wherein the inner walls of the tiny thin film hollow tubes in the hollow tubes are mutually conductive by partially adopting pure conductive materials, namely pure conductive interlayers 11 (or the hollow tubes can be divided by completely adopting pure conductive materials) (such as figure 2). In each hollow tube, a plurality of gaps formed by film materials with micron-scale or nano-scale thickness are only hollow film tubes with micron-scale or nano-scale or millimeter-scale, the inner walls of the hollow film tubes are well conductive, and the inner walls of the hollow film tubes are mutually conductive.

3) The direct current motor accelerator and the energy storage ring reversing structure: the commutation structure is divided into three parts, namely a rotor commutation ring, a fixed commutation ring and a fixed commutation hollow tube.

After the hollow film tube enters the rotor phase change ring and the fixed phase change ring, the height is unchanged, the width is gradually increased until the end port of the phase change ring, the whole phase change ring is uniformly distributed with the hollow film tubes with the same height and width, the division thickness of the periphery of the hollow film is gradually reduced when the end port of the phase change ring is close to the end port of the phase change ring, the thickness of the film at the end port of the phase change ring is close to zero, each end port of the phase change ring of the hollow film tube can generate corona discharge under the condition of low voltage, so that the high-speed motion neutral gas medium close to the end port of the phase change ring is provided with positive charge, and the neutral gas medium is prevented from impacting the end port of the phase change ring due to coulomb repulsion (as shown in figure 3).

When the hollow tube of the rotor moving at high speed passes through the opposite magnetic poles, the stress direction of the charged mass point in the hollow tube of the rotor is opposite to the moving direction, so that the fixed reversing hollow tube is connected before phase reversal, and the charged mass point and the neutral gas in the high-speed motion are led into the charged mass point hollow tube with the same moving direction as the charged mass point through the fixed reversing hollow tube and continue to accelerate. The corresponding fixed hollow tube of the led-out rotor hollow tube is input with charged particles and the sub-port is closed 7 and is not connected with the hollow tube, so that the rotor hollow tube led out with the charged particles becomes an empty tube with zero particles, and after the rotor hollow tube enters into the opposite magnetic pole, the rotor empty tube receives the charged particles with the opposite moving direction, so that no collision is caused, and the acceleration is continuously obtained.

Passing through a fixed reversing hollow tube and leading in reverse phase (as shown in figure 1). Can also be fixed to the hollow pipe without changing the direction.

The P pairs of magnetic poles are composed of 2P reversing hollow pipe groups. The reversing hollow pipe group can be a single reversing hollow pipe or a plurality of reversing hollow pipes.

The charged particles or the gas of the charged particles and a neutral air medium (such as pure argon) are injected into each thin film tube in each hollow tube of the energy storage ring, and the direct current voltage with the same electric polarity as the charged particles is charged on the inner wall of each thin film tube in each hollow tube.

The stator structure and the rotor core structure of the novel direct current motor are basically the same as those of the common direct current motor.

Thirdly, in the accelerator and the energy storage ring of the novel direct current motor, the charged point voltage in the hollow tube and the separation size analysis of the hollow tube

According to Gauss's law, the voltage of charged particles in the hollow tube is:

u＝Q_R÷(4xε₀r)

u-charged particle voltage in thin film hollow tube

Q_R: is the sum of charges surrounded by a hollow tube with a spherical radius of r

ε₀Vacuum permittivity

Let the height and width of the inner wall of the hollow tube be hs multiplied by bs, and take 2r multiplied by bs

r-minimum distance from center of film hollow tube to tube wall

Setting the charged particle density rho of the hollow tube to be uniformly distributed

Then u is Q_R÷(4πε₀r)＝(4÷3)πr³ρ÷(4πε₀r)＝r²ρ÷(3ε₀)

Rho- -charged particle density

That is, the voltage of the charged particles in the hollow tube is proportional to the square sum of the radius r of the hollow tube, and when the voltage is constant, the density of the charged particles is inversely proportional to the square of the separation radius r of the hollow tube.

According to the length ofAverage induced electromotive force of rotor conductor of a current motor: e.g. of the type_av＝2pφn÷60，

Each hollow pipe of the novel direct current motor rotor is connected in parallel, and u is equal to e_av＝E_a

e_avAverage induced electromotive forces V, E of rotor conductors_a- - -armature electromotive force V, p-pole pair number

Phi-flux per pole Wb, n-armature rpm

Under the condition of a certain magnetic flux, the higher the voltage is, the higher the rotating speed is, the voltage cannot be too high due to the limitation of the rotating speed, and the too high voltage cannot be borne by insulation; if the voltage is not high and the size of the hollow tube is too large, the density of charged particles of the hollow tube is small, the rotor current is small, and if the current is small and the voltage is low, the power of the direct current motor is small.

If the hollow tube is divided into a plurality of thin film hollow tubes with small gaps by adopting micron-scale or nanometer-scale thin films, the voltage can not be high, but the density of charged particles can meet the requirement, the current of the motor can be large enough, and the power of the motor can be large accordingly. See the following detailed description

Effective condition of charged particle energy storage in novel direct current motor accelerator and energy storage ring and hollow conduit, effective condition of starting and improving measures

1) Effective condition of charged particle energy storage in hollow conduit

According to the following steps: f ma evB (as in figure 4)

F＝mv²÷R mv²÷R＝evB R＝mv÷(eB)

f＝V÷(2πR)＝eB÷(2πm)

R-radius of the path of movement of the particles (meter)

mass of m-particles (kilogram)

V- -speed of particles (m/s)

e- -electric charge of the particle (library)

B- -flux density (Wei/m 2)

f- - - -frequency (circle/second or week/second)

Charged particles can move along the periphery when accelerated under the action of Lorentz magnetic force, and the motion track

(see FIG. 4), a- -direction of acceleration, frequency f, time per week 1/f.

If the rotor rotates at a high speed, the charged particles in the rotor hollow tube (with the number 1) can accelerate energy storage under the action of Lorentz magnetic force, and meanwhile, through collision, the charged particles in the rotor hollow tube (with the number 1) and the corresponding fixed hollow tube (with the number 1) can accelerate energy storage. Because the charged particles are full of the whole hollow tube, the charged particles are uniformly distributed on the whole hollow tube due to the repulsion of the same number, and after the charged particles in the rotor hollow tube (number 1) are accelerated to shift, the whole hollow tube (number 1) has corresponding accelerated shift due to coulomb repulsion, thereby playing a role in energy storage. However, if during the energy storage process, the charged mass point acceleration direction α in the rotor hollow tube (number 1) has been severely diverted, assuming that the accelerated charged mass point has moved 1/4 cycles at this time, the acceleration direction α is rotated by 90 degrees, and if the rotor hollow tube (number 1) has not left the fixed hollow tube (number 1), the acceleration is not effective later. If the point-carrying mass point accelerated by the rotor hollow tube (number 1) moves for 1/2 weeks and does not leave the fixed hollow tube (number 1), the point-carrying mass point accelerated acts as a barrier and the energy storage effect is poor.

The availability conditions for energy storage are thus: acceleration time of charged particles in hollow tube with high-speed rotation of rotor

Δ t ═ 1 ÷ (4f) should be greater than the time Δ t' ═ b ÷ V that the rotor hollow tube travels through the corresponding stationary hollow tube

b-width along circumference of rotor

V-rotor peripheral speed (meter/second)

Wherein b has three choices: b1 is more than 2 times of the width of the hollow film, and the size is nano-scale or micron-scale; b2 is the pitch about twice the width of the inner wall of the hollow tube, and the size is millimeter or centimeter; b3 is the polar distance

According to the preceding f ═ V ÷ (2 π R) ═ eB ÷ (2 π m) (circles/second or weeks/second)

If the charged mass point is effectively accelerated, the following conditions are met:

1÷(4f)＝πm÷(2eB)＞b÷V

if the acceleration a changes direction by less than 30 degrees, i.e. 1 ÷ (12f), the rotor hollow duct movement time reaches at ═ b ÷ V,

i.e. 1 ÷ (12f) ═ pi m ÷ (6eB) ≥ b ÷ V where b3 is the polar distance

The energy storage efficiency of the motor is high.

In summary, the following steps: if the direction of the acceleration alpha changes by less than 30 degrees and the rotor hollow tube has displaced a polar distance in the process of accelerating energy storage of charged particles in the rotor hollow tube, the energy storage efficiency of the motor is very high.

Namely 1 ÷ (12f) ═ pi m ÷ (6eB) ≧ b ÷ V where b ═ b3b is the pole pitch.

The validity conditions of the minimum energy storage are: 1 ÷ (4f) ═ pi m ÷ (2eB) > b1 ÷ v where b1 is 2 times the hollow width of the thin film tube.

2) Starting validity condition for energy storage of novel direct current motor

After the energy storage speed of electrified particle motion only reaches certain speed in the rotor hollow tube, just can make high-speed motion rotor hollow tube, when opposite magnetic pole, make the rotor hollow tube of deriving electrified particle become the air traffic control of not taking the particle, then, the electrified particle of opposite motion gets into the air traffic control of not taking the particle, just can not collide, can not cause the energy loss, can not lead to the energy storage difficulty, but when starting, electrified particle initial velocity is zero, it has the difficulty to become the air traffic control of not taking the particle by deriving the rotor hollow tube, for this reason, need satisfy the start validity condition:

when the initial velocity of charged particles is zero, the moving distance is as follows:

L_a≤0.5a(Δt)² Δt＝b÷V a＝v²÷R

R＝mv÷(eB) 1÷(4f)＝πm÷(2eB)≥b÷V

then L is_a≤0.5a(Δt)²＝0.5×(v²÷R)×(b÷V)²＝b²÷(2R)＝b²÷[2mv÷(eB)]＝eBb²÷(2mv)

L_a≤eBb²Div (2mv) where V ═ V_a

Therefore, under the condition of meeting the effectiveness of energy storage, the larger the b selection is, the larger L is_aCan be increased in square, the larger the velocity V is, the larger L_aThe smaller. The larger m, L_aThe smaller m is larger than or equal to bx 2 eB/pi V₀

When selecting charged particle M > M₀At the time of starting, the speed is reduced to V₀，

Make M ═ b × 2eB ÷ (pi V)₀) I.e. V₀B × 2eB ÷ (pi M) then

L_a≤eBb²÷(2mv)＝eBb²÷{2[b×2eB÷(πV₀)]V₀}

L_a≤(πb)÷4

Namely, the larger b is selected to be the better L under the condition of meeting the effectiveness of energy storage_a≤(πb)÷4

And at the time of starting, the speed of the motor is reduced to V₀Make V₀＝b×2eB÷(πM)

The start validity condition can be satisfied.

L_a-rotor length

If b τ Da ÷ (2p) τ — the pole distance, p 1 is greater.

3) Novel direct current motor energy storage starts improvement measure:

according to the principle that m is more than or equal to bx 2 eB/phi V, when the mass of the charged particles is selected to be very small, b is very small, the length of a rotor cannot be very small, although the energy storage condition of the motor is met, the starting condition of the energy storage of the motor cannot be met, and the starting improvement measures are as follows: injecting the charged particles with large mass meeting the starting condition of motor energy storage, i.e. injecting two kinds of charged particles, starting them together, and driving the charged particles with small mass by the charged particles with large mass meeting the starting condition, when it reaches a certain speed, i.e. L_a＝V_dΔt＝V_d(b÷V_a) And then, by a magnetic confinement method, the small-mass charged particles are left in the energy storage ring, and the large-mass charged particles are led out. The small mass charged particle start can be completed.

V_dVelocity of charged particles in the energy storage ring

V_a-rotor circumferential starting speed of small mass

Action and structure analysis of novel DC motor accelerator and energy storage ring and commutator

The novel direct current motor commutator is completely different from a common direct current motor commutator, if the commutator is not provided, the charged particles in each thin film of the rotor hollow conduit are accelerated and enter the thin film hollow tube of the fixed hollow tube at a high speed, because the rotor rotates at a high speed, the charged particles can collide with the hollow tube wall material and the hollow film tube wall material on the position between the inner walls of the fixed adjacent hollow tubes, the charged particles enter the front end fixed hollow tube and pass through the fixed energy storage ring, when the tail end enters the rotor hollow tube again, the charged particles can similarly collide with the iron core rotor teeth and other materials on the position between the inner walls of the two adjacent hollow tubes of the rotor again, therefore, the two ends of each rotor hollow tube need to be provided with rotor commutation rings, the outer sides of the two rotor commutation rings are provided with fixed commutation rings through a small gap. The commutation ring of the commutator has the function of preventing charged particles moving at high speed from impacting materials at positions between the inner walls of the hollow tube. In addition, when the rotor hollow pipe rotating at high speed passes through the magnetic pole change, the force direction of charged particles in the rotor hollow pipe is changed, so that the reversing hollow pipe is installed and fixed at the magnetic pole change position. And leading the charged particles in the rotor hollow tube into the charged particle hollow tube with the same moving direction as the charged particles through the fixed reversing hollow tube, and continuously accelerating.

Analyzing the energy storage process, the energy storage method and the motor process of energy storage release of the novel direct current motor accelerator and the energy storage ring:

1) energy storage process

When mechanical energy is applied to drive the rotor of the direct-current energy storage motor to rotate, the hollow tube on the rotor moves at a speed V, the charged particles in each film tube in the hollow tube also move at the speed V, and the acceleration is obtained under the action of Lorentz magnetic force.

Taking the validity condition of stored energy: 1 ÷ (12f) ═ pi m ÷ (6eB) ≥ b ÷ V where b ═ b3 and b3 are the polar distance.

Namely, the rotor hollow tube is displaced within one polar distance, and the acceleration direction of the charged particles in the hollow tube is changed by less than 30 degrees. Namely, charged particles in all hollow tubes (called a group of hollow tubes) in one polar distance are always effectively accelerated. Each pair of magnetic poles form two groups of hollow tubes, and the motion directions of charged particles are opposite. At the intersection of the two groups of hollow pipes, the moving directions of the charged particles in the hollow pipes are opposite, and fixed reversing hollow pipes are adopted, so long as the starting requirements are met, the rotor hollow pipes from which the charged particles are led out can be changed into the hollow pipes with the charged particles and neutral gas media being zero, and the collision of the charged particles is avoided. Similarly, the film thickness of the commutation loop port is close to zero, so that under the condition of low voltage, corona discharge can be generated, and neutral gas is prevented from impacting the commutation loop port.

2) Motor process of stored energy release:

because each pair of magnetic poles form two groups of hollow tubes, the moving directions of charged particles are opposite, and a direct current motor is formed.

3) The energy storage method of the motor can be divided into two types: one is to inject only charged particles into the energy storage ring, and the energy storage method can make the charged particles reach higher speed in a shorter time, but because the current of the motor rotor cannot be too large:

i ═ Q ÷ T, Q: - - (coulomb), T: time (seconds) because the moving speed of the charged particles is high and the energy storage ring is not long, the amount of charged particles is limited and the energy storage is small; the other energy storage method is to inject neutral gas media in addition to charged particles, so that the mass of the stored energy is greatly increased after the charged particles continuously collide with the neutral media, and the aim of storing a large amount of energy is fulfilled without increasing the current of the rotor. The neutral gas can be selected from inert gas (such as argon) or neutral gas molecules (such as SF6 gas) which are not easy to generate charged particles through collision.

Seventh, in the accelerator and energy storage ring of the new direct current machine, the high-speed movement charged particle is restrained and stably operated in the hollow film tube:

the charged particles and the neutral gas medium in the hollow film tube continuously store energy after being accelerated and collided, the charged particles and the neutral gas in the hollow film tube of the energy storage ring can move at a high speed along with the increase of the speeds of the charged particles and the neutral gas, an air gap exists between the stator and the rotor, and an air gap also exists between the rotor hollow tube commutation ring and the fixed hollow tube commutation ring, so that the charged particles moving at a high speed in the hollow tube must be restrained and transversely and stably operated.

As mentioned above, the inner wall of each thin film hollow tube in each hollow tube has dc voltage, and the electric polarity is the same as that of the charged particles, so as to bring the following constraints to the charged particles in high-speed electric motion:

1) the inner wall of the hollow tube and the inner wall of each film hollow tube are provided with direct current voltage, and the electric polarity is the same as that of the charged particles, so that the dead weight of the charged particles is overcome, and the charged particles are suspended in the film hollow tube;

2) the direct current voltage on the inner wall of each film hollow tube restrains suspended charged particles, so that the suspended charged particles are far away from the inner wall of the film hollow tube, and the friction loss of the high-speed moving charged particles to the inner wall is reduced;

3) the charged particles move forward at a high speed, a local low vacuum is formed behind the charged particles, neutral gas molecules are constrained behind the charged particles, and gas constrained by the charged particles moving at the high speed is formed, namely, the neutral gas molecules are constrained as long as the charged particles are constrained, and a negative pressure is formed in an air gap between the rotor phase change ring and the fixed phase change ring, so that the outside gas molecules are sucked into the hollow film tube, and the gas molecules in the hollow film tube cannot be leaked to the outside;

4) because the charged particles have the same electric polarity and are filled in the whole closed hollow tube, after the charged particles in the rotor hollow tube move in an accelerated manner, the charged particles repel each other synchronously and move together, and the charged particles in the whole tube are convenient to accelerate.

In summary, the charged particles and the neutral gas molecules moving at high speed can be better constrained in the thin film hollow tube only by the fact that the inner wall of the hollow thin film tube is charged with the same direct current voltage as the charged particles.

5) And (2) properly selecting parameters according to the R mV/eB, so that the movement speed of the charged particles, the radius of the energy storage ring and the flux density meet the conditions, and then adopting a magnetic constraint method to ensure that the charged particles moving at high speed stably run in the closed energy storage ring.

In conclusion, the high-speed moving charged particles can be stably restrained and transversely stably operated in each thin film hollow tube through direct current voltage restraint and magnetic restraint.

Eighth, in the accelerator and energy storage ring of the new DC motor, the selection of charged particles of each film hollow tube, the injection method of charged particles and neutral gas and the direct voltage leading-in method of each hollow film hollow tube wall

1) Selecting charged particles of each film hollow tube: according to the previous analysis, the mass of the charged particles needs to satisfy the condition of accelerated effectiveness 1 ÷ (4f) ═ π m ÷ (2eB) > b ÷ V

By choosing different b, different charged particle masses can be calculated from the following examples, and the charged particle masses can be chosen from gaseous molecules ranging from nanomaterials to deuterium and tritium.

2) The injection method of charged mass points and neutral gas in each thin film hollow tube comprises the following steps:

high-frequency discharge ion source or double plasma ion source vacuum injection is adopted. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, the energy storage ring is pumped into high vacuum, then the ion source is adopted for vacuum injection, and finally neutral gas is injected.

3) The direct-current voltage leading-in method of each film hollow tube wall comprises the following steps: according to the above description, the inner walls of the hollow thin film tubes are conductive, and the inner walls of the hollow thin film tubes are conductive to each other. Therefore, only a direct current voltage lead is required to penetrate through the insulating layer of the hollow pipe and is connected with the conductive coating on the inner wall of the hollow pipe, the inner wall of each thin film hollow pipe is provided with the same voltage, and the thin film hollow pipes of the rotor can be led in through the electric brushes and the collecting rings. The rotor film hollow pipe and the fixed hollow pipe penetrate through the insulating layer at equal intervals, and direct-current voltage is added.

Vacuum sealing method and cooling method for accelerator and energy storage ring of novel direct current motor

1) Vacuum sealing method

Unnecessary space is reduced as much as possible in the DC motor, except the small gap between the rotor and the stator, the rotor phase-change ring and the stator phase-change ring, the rest are sealed uniformly, and the turbine molecular pump can be used for vacuum pumpingTo 10^-8pa, then vacuum injection is carried out by adopting an ion source, and the rotating part of the shaft pump is sealed by adopting magnetic fluid, and the sealing quantity can reach 10^-7pa。

2) Cooling method

Because the charged particles move at high speed in the energy storage ring formed by the rotor hollow tube and the fixed hollow tube, the fixed hollow tube is cooled by 14, and the whole energy storage ring and the rotor iron core can be cooled.

Novel direct current motor accelerator and energy storage ring external application kinetic energy method

The energy storage of the direct current motor needs to be driven by a prime motor, and the method has two methods, one method is that the prime motor drives the direct current motor to store energy through a mechanical method, and the second method adopts the direct current motor to drive and integrates the prime motor direct current motor and the energy storage direct current motor into a novel direct current motor accelerator and an energy storage ring, namely, the direct current motor can rotate at high speed to drive the energy storage direct current motor to store energy through a direct current power supply (external application), and the specific mode can be divided into two types: a DC motor rotor armature (lead) (external power supply) is placed on the hollow tube of the rotor, and the second method is that the hollow tube is placed on the hollow tube, and the DC motor rotor armature (lead) (external power supply) is placed on the lower part, so that the diameter of the commutator can be reduced. The direct current motor of the prime motor is integrated with the direct current energy storage machine, the method is feasible, because the direct current motor is adopted, the structure is similar, the power is equivalent, the volume and the weight are increased to a limited extent, but the energy storage is very convenient, the direct current energy storage machine can store energy only by applying a direct current power supply externally, and the direct current energy storage machine can be used as the power supply to release the energy storage power to be used as the direct current motor after the energy storage.

However, it should be noted that: when the dc energy storage machine is used as a dc motor, an induced electromotive force is generated by applying an armature winding of the dc motor of the prime mover, and a closed winding generates a large short-circuit current, so that a controllable switch is required. When the dc energy storage machine is used as a dc motor, the armature winding of the dc motor of the externally applied prime mover is disconnected.

Speed regulation of accelerator and energy-storage ring of novel direct current motor

The first method is flux weakening speed regulation: similar to a common direct current motor, the flux weakening speed regulation is a speed regulation method for regulating speed from a rated rotating speed upwards.

The second method reduces the voltage speed regulation of the charged particles in the rotor film hollow tube: the voltage speed regulation of the charged particles in the rotor film hollow tube can be indirectly reduced by reducing the voltage of the inner wall of the rotor film hollow tube and the voltage of the inner wall of the fixed film hollow tube. The lower the voltage, the lower the rotational speed. The speed regulating interval is adjusted downwards from the rated rotating speed.

In the third method, if the direct current motor of the prime mover and the energy storage direct current motor are integrated together to form a novel direct current motor accelerator and an energy storage ring, when the direct current energy storage motor is used as the direct current motor, the armature winding of the direct current motor applied with the prime mover can be closed in a short time, and the effect of reducing the rotating speed can be achieved because the torque generated by the direct current motor applied with the prime mover is opposite to the torque of the direct current energy storage motor. If the short-circuit current of the rotor of the externally applied DC motor is too large, a resistor can be connected in series.

The present invention is applicable to: the electric automobile, the electric airplane, the electric spaceship, the solar energy and wind energy storage device, the peak regulation device of the power grid, the heavy ion accelerator and the neutron source can be used, and the nuclear fission power generation can be safer and an effective tool.

Can be used as an important and effective tool and equipment for realizing commercial controllable atomic energy nuclear fusion reaction power generation.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a general structural diagram of an accelerator and an energy storage ring of a novel direct current motor

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a hollow tube divided into tiny thin films

FIG. 3-schematic view of a reversing loop structure

FIG. 4-movement of particles with positive charges in a magnetic field

Reference numerals: 1-rotor hollow tube 2-rotor commutation ring 3-fixed commutation ring 4-fixed hollow tube 5-fixed commutation hollow tube 6-energy storage ring 7-input end closed 8-tiny film cavity 9-film interlayer 10-micron conductive coating 11-pure conductive interlayer 12-hollow tube outer layer 13-hollow tube wall and iron core 14-fixed hollow tube wall and heat dissipation cooling interlayer 15-positive charge 16-B flux density (outward)

Detailed Description

The application one is as follows: electric automobile

1) Selecting the main parameters and dimensions of the motor

Power 200kW, rotation speed n equals 9000 rpm, flux density B equals 1.8W/m²

Pn/nN 0.222 as D_aPole number 2P 2 slot number Z48 25cm

Pole pitch τ ═ π Da ÷ (2p) ÷ (39.25 cm), and armature length La ═ 25cm

According to the starting conditions: l is_a ^。L ═ b)/(4 ═ t ═ 39.25cm_a ^。＝30cm

Armature length La 25cm < L_a ^。The starting condition is met when the thickness is 30cm

The outer diameter of the engine base Dj is Da/0.55 is 45.5cm, and the inner wall height hs of the hollow tube is 24mm

Armature speed Va ═ π Da × n ÷ 60 ═ 118m/s pitch ta ═ π Da ÷ Z ═ 1.6cm

Hollow tube inner wall width bs ═ ta ÷ 2 ═ 8mm

Average induced electromotive force of rotor conductor:

e_av＝2pφn÷60＝2pBτL n÷60＝2×1.8×0.3925×0.25×9000÷60＝53(v)

e_avea armature electromotive force

Setting: the radius R of the energy storage ring is 0.4m, and the perimeter L of the energy storage ring is 6m

The motor can store energy to accelerate the speed of charged particles and neutral gas to 600km/s

The frequency of the charged particles and gas in the energy storage loop is f ═ V ÷ L ═ 600 × 10³÷6＝10⁵Week/second

2) Energy storage hollow tube separation size, structure and material selection

The hollow tube is analyzed in front, and the separation size is small enough to make the voltage of the hollow tube low and the density of charged particles high.

The rotor hollow tube is made of mica material, the height of the inner wall of the hollow tube is 24mm, the width of the hollow tube is 6.85mm, the length of the hollow tube is the same as that of a rotor iron core, La is 2500 mm, the peripheral inner wall of the hollow tube is provided with a conductive nickel coating, the thickness of the inner wall is only 5 micrometers, the hollow tube is separated by adopting 30-micrometer ultrathin glass (bendable), the two surfaces of the hollow tube are provided with nickel coatings (by a chemical method), the thickness of the hollow tube is only 5 micrometers, the total thickness of the thin film is 40 micrometers, the interval of the thin film is also 40 micrometers, namely the hollow tube is wide along the circumference

bs is 8mm, equally spaced 40 microns apart, height hs is 24mm, the separation spacing is 1mm,

a 40 x 40 micron cut-off (plated with conductive nickel only) was used.

3) Charged particle density, rotor current and motor power calculations

The voltage surrounding the cube according to gauss's law is:

u＝Q_R÷(4πε₀r)

u-rotor hollow tube with electric particle electromotive force, u ═ e_av＝Ea；

e_av-rotor hollow tube electromotive force Ea-armature electromotive force

Taking a cube of 40 multiplied by 40 microns³Then r is 40 ÷ 2 ÷ 20 μm,

Q_R: is the sum of charges (bank) u-e enclosed by the surface of a cube_av＝53(v)

Q_R＝4πε₀ru＝Q_R＝4πε₀r×u ＝4π×1÷(36π)×10^-9×20×10^-6×53＝118×10^-15(library)

Charged particle density per cubic millimeter: rho₀＝Q_R÷V^。

V₄40X 40 micron³＝(40×10^-3) Millimeter³

ρ₀＝QR÷V^。＝(118×10^-15)÷(40×10^-3)＝1.84×10^-9(library/mm)³)

Volume V of gas contained in hollow pipe_sHs × (bs ÷ 2) × L' × Z (considering the 1/2 volume occupied by the film partition), then V_s≈24×(8 ÷2)×6’×10³×48＝27.6×10⁶Millimeter³

Dot charge around the energy storage ring: q_L＝V_s×ρ₀＝27.6×10⁶×1.84×10^-9＝5×10^-2Library f 10⁵Week/second

Rotor current I ═ Q_Lf＝5×10^-2×10⁵＝5×10³A＝5kA

Motor line charge a ═ I ÷ pi Da ═ 5 × 10³And 4, the specification of No. (3.14 × 25) ═ 63A/cm meets the requirement.

Motor power W (I × u) 5 × 53 (265 kVA)

F ═ IBL ═ 5 × 1.8 × 0.25 ═ 2.25kN torque M ═ F × Da ÷ 2

M＝2.25×10³×0.25÷2＝281Nm

4) Selection of charged particles and neutral gas molecules

According to the effective acceleration condition of charged particles, the minimum requirement is as follows: 1 ÷ (4f) ═ pi m ÷ (2eB) > b1 ÷ V

Where b1 is the hollow membrane tube width.

The motor has high energy storage efficiency:

1 ÷ (12f) ═ pi m ÷ (6eB) ≥ b ÷ V where b ═ b3 is the polar distance

b is selected in two ways, one is selected in terms of the polar distance b τ Da ÷ (2p), and the other is selected in terms of the micron-sized separation within the hollow tube. The following two methods were chosen and compared:

according to a first option: tau = pi Da/2 p-39.25 cm Va-118 m/s

Then m ═ b × 6eB ÷ (pi V) ═ 39.25 × 10^-2×6×1.8×1.6×10^-19÷(3.14×118)＝1.83×10^-21kg mass M of particles meeting the acceleration conditions₀＝m＝1.83×10^-21kg

Proton mass 1.6X 10^-27kg, it can be seen that the mass of the particles required to meet the acceleration conditions is 100 ten thousand times greater than the mass of the protons. So as to select aluminum oxide (AL)₂O₃) Nano material and has positive charge property.

The diameter of the alumina particles is d-10 nm, and the density is 4g/cm³

M₃＝4÷(10⁶×10⁶×10⁶)＝4×10^-18(g/grain) ═ 4 in a book10^-21(kg/granule)

M₃＞M₀Meets the condition

R＝M₃v÷(eB)＝4×10^-21×118÷(1.6×10^-19×1.8)＝1.63m

a＝V²÷R＝118²÷1.63＝8542m/S²

a-charged particle acceleration (m/S)²)

One-circle charge of the energy storage ring is Q5 multiplied by 10^-2Library

1 Coulomb Q₀＝6.25×10¹⁸Quantity of electrons

The charge number of the energy storage ring in one circle is Q_L’＝Q_L×Q₀＝5×10^-2×6.25×10¹⁸＝31.25×10¹⁶

The mass of charged particles of the energy storage ring is m ═ Q_L×M₀＝31.25×10¹⁶×4×10^-21＝1.25×10^-3kg＝1.25g

The length of the rotor is L ═ 0.3m, and the length of the energy storage ring is L ═ 6m

L' ÷ L ÷ 6 ÷ 0.3 ÷ 20 (times) L ═ 8.542km/s²Accelerating for 20 seconds to make the charged particle in the energy storage ring be 1.25 g and to 8.542km/s

When the energy storage ring is accelerated to 600km/s, the energy storage ring is 600 multiplied by 10³÷(8.542×10³) 70.2 (times)

The time required for accelerating the charged particle in the energy storage ring to be 1.25 (grams) to 600km/S is t₀20 (sec) × 70.2 ═ 1404(S)

5) In the energy storage ring, neutral gas selection, energy storage time and energy storage energy calculation

5 x 3600 ÷ 1404 ═ 12.8 times of energy storage time, argon as neutral gas in energy storage ring, mass of My ═ 1.25 × (12.8-1) ═ 14.75 (g)

That is, the energy storage time is 5/h, the total Mz is 1.25 multiplied by 12.8 to 16 (g), and the energy storage speed of the charged particles and the neutral argon gas can reach 600km/s

Total energy Wz (1/2) mV²＝(1/2)×16×10^-3×(600×10³)²＝28.8×10⁸

Per watt hour of electricity W₀＝3.6×10⁶(Joule)

The total energy is equivalent to the electric energy Wz ═ Wz ÷ W₀＝28.8×10⁸÷(3.6×10⁶) 800 degree

Namely, charging for 5 hours is equivalent to storing 800 degrees of electricity.

6) And (3) calculating the air pressure in the energy storage ring:

according to the volume V of the front energy-storage ring^。。＝27.6×10⁶Millimeter³27.6 (liter) ≈ 1.2 molar volume

1 mole argon (molecular weight 39) about 39 grams of gas

Pressure in energy storage ring P14.75 ≈ 0.31 (atmospheric pressure)

7) Motor starting method

According to the starting conditions: l is_a ^。(pi b) ÷ 4, b ═ τ ═ 39.25cm L_a ^。＝30cm

La 25cm meets the starting condition

According to M ═ b × 2eB ÷ (π V)₀) M＝M₃＝4×10^-21(kg/granule) b ═ τ ═ 39.25cm

V₀＝b×2eB÷(πM₃)＝0.3925×2×1.6×10^-19×1.8÷(3.14×4×10^-21)

V₀At 18m/s, i.e. at start-up, the peripheral speed of the rotor of the machine is V₀＝18m/s

8) Selecting minimum requirements according to the second

1÷(4f)＝πm÷(2eB)＞b1÷V

Where b1 is the hollow membrane tube width. b1 ═ 4bs taken 160 microns

m＝b1×(2eB)÷(πV)＝160×10^-6×2×1.6×10^-19×1.8÷(3.14×118)＝24.8×10^-26kg

Proton mass 1.6X 10^-27kg M₀＝m

M₀÷(1.6×10^-27)＝24.8×10^-26÷(1.6×10^-27) 155 times as large

Charged particles with molecular weight more than 155 meet the energy storage condition

Gold ion molecular weight (Au)196 first-order positive ion

Mj＝196×1.6×10^-27＝3.13×10^-25kg

R＝Mjv÷(eB)＝3.13×10^-25×118÷(1.6×10^-19×1.8)＝128×10^-60.12 mm (m)

a＝U²÷R’＝118²÷(128×10^-6)＝108×10⁶Meter/second²

The acceleration reaches 1/3 at the speed of light, which is very fast, the number of charged particles in the stored energy is the same as before,

Q_L’＝QL×Q₀＝5×10^-2×6.25×10¹⁸＝31.25×10¹⁶

charged mass m ═ Q of gold ion_L×Mj＝31.25×10¹⁶×3.13×10^-25＝9.78×10^-8kg＝9.78×10^-5g

The charged mass of gold ion is only 9.78X 10^-5g, very light.

Ls ÷ L' ═ 20 times a ═ 108 × 10⁶Meter/second

Ls-rotor length L' -total length of energy storage ring

600×10³÷(108×10⁶)＝5.55×10^-3Second of

I.e. acceleration of 5.55 x 10^-5Second, gold ion reaches 600km/s, and the required time is

t₀＝20×5.55×10^-3＝111×10^-3And second.

Setting acceleration for 5 hours to make the mass 9.78X 10^-5N times of g, up to 600km/s

n＝5×3600÷(111×10^-3)＝162×10³Multiple times

Mn which is 9.78X 10 times the mass of gold ion n^-5×n＝9.78×10^-5×111×10³＝10.68g

The total mass is close to that of the first method, and the energy storage time and the energy storage energy are both fast.

R ═ MjV '÷ (eb) V' - -600 km/s

R”＝3.13×10^-25×600×10³÷(1.6×10^-19X 1.8) is 0.652 m

The radius of the energy storage ring is 0.4m, and the R' can be 0.4m by properly adding B, so that the charged particles do circular motion in the energy storage ring under the action of the magnetic field, and the charged particles can stably run in the energy storage ring after the double constraints of the electric field and the magnetic field.

The start of energy storage needs to be driven by large mass charged particles, such as alumina particles.

After the start-up, the alumina particles were removed.

9) Two different charged particle mass modes are selected for comparison

The first one is selected according to the polar distance, the mass of charged particles must be large enough, so that nano materials are selected; the second method selects according to micron-sized clearance, the charged mass can be small for selecting ions, and large-mass drive is needed. After the first method is adopted, the acceleration a is smaller and is only 7km/s²Therefore, impact neutral molecules are mild, but the defect is that a magnetic constraint method is not easy to be adopted to constrain the charged particles to operate in the energy storage ring, and a direct-current voltage constraint method is only adopted to constrain the charged particles to stably operate in the energy storage ring. After the second method is adopted, the acceleration a reaches the light speed 1/3 greatly, neutral gas molecules are impacted violently, but the magnetic constraint method can be conveniently adopted to constrain the charged particles to run in the energy storage ring, namely the method of double constraint of direct current voltage and magnetic constraint can be adopted to enable the charged particles to run stably in the energy storage ring.

10) DC motor and energy storage ring weight estimation

Outer diameter of the motor: dj 45.5cm armature length La 25cm

The height hs of the inner wall of the hollow tube is 2.4cm, and the width bs of the inner wall of the hollow tube is 0.685cm

Total length L of energy storage ring is 600cm

Specific gravity of iron ρ_F＝7.8g/cm³

Weight Q of motor₁＝π×(Dj÷2)²×La×Fs＝3.14×(45.5÷2)²×25×7.8 ＝316×10³g＝316kg

Specific gravity of glass ρ_P＝2.45g/cm³Specific gravity of nickel ρ_N＝8.9g/cm³

The weight of the glass film and the volume of the nickel coating are equivalent to the volume of the gas contained in the hollow tube:

V”＝27.6×10⁶millimeter³＝27.6×10³cm³

Since the specific gravity of nickel is 3.6 times that of glass and the volume of nickel only accounts for 1/3, the weight of the glass film is approximately 1.8 times that of the glass, and Q is₂＝1.8

V”Ps＝1.8×27.6×10³×2.45＝121×10³g＝121kg

Mica rho is taken as an insulating material_y＝2.8g/cm³Mica area S_m＝(2hs+2bs)×L×Z＝(2×2.6+2×0.8)×6× 100×48＝195×10³cm²

Mica thickness delta 0.5mm

Q₃＝Smδρ_y＝195×10³×0.5×10^-1×2.8＝26.4×10³g＝27kg

The energy storage ring fixing hollow pipe adopts a titanium alloy shell, the area of the titanium alloy shell is equal to that of the ceramic shell,

S_m＝189.2×10³cm^2，titanium alloy specific gravity rho with thickness delta of 0.5mm_t＝4.5g/cm³

Q₄＝S_mδδ＝195×10³×0.5×10^-1×4.5＝42.5×10³g＝43.8kg

Total weight Q ═ Q₁+Q₂+Q₃+Q₄＝316+121+27+43.8＝508kg

Considering the integration of the prime mover dc motor with the dc storage motor plus the commutator, the weight will increase, but the motor housing instead of titanium alloy will decrease, with a total weight of 510kg estimated.

The application II comprises the following steps: electric airplane

The structure of the direct-current energy storage motor of the electric airplane is basically the same as that of the direct-current energy storage motor of the electric automobile.

1) Selecting main parameters and dimensions of motor

Design power of 2 sets in total of 12 ten thousand kW in each set

n_N9000 rpm P_N÷n_N＝11 Da＝110cm

B1.6 Wei/m²Stator outer diameter Dj of 200cm 2P of 4

Z/2 p 24Z 24X 4 96 armature length La 65cm

Polar distance tau-pi Da-2 p-3.14 x 110-4-86.35 cm

According to the starting conditions: l is_a ^。Polar distance tau 86.35cm ═ b ÷ 4 ═ b ═ t

L_a ^。＝(3.14×86.35)÷4＝67.7cm＞L_aThe starting condition is met when the length is 65cm

Tooth distance ta ═ pi Da ÷ Z ═ 3.14 × 110 ÷ 96 ═ 3.6cm

The width bs of the inner wall of the hollow tube is ta ÷ 2 ÷ 1.8cm, and the height hs of the inner wall of the hollow tube is 24mm

Rotor hollow tube electromotive force eav

eav＝2pφn÷60＝2pBτＬｎ÷60＝2×2×1.6×0.8635×0.65×9000÷60＝538(v)

Setting: the radius R of the energy storage ring is 5m, and the total length L is 80m

2) Energy storage hollow tube separation structure and material calculation

The energy storage hollow pipes are separated by 40-micron intervals, and the structure and the material of the energy storage hollow pipes are the same as those of the front electric automobile.

3) Charged particle density, rotor current and motor power calculations

u＝Q_R÷(4πε₀r) u-538 volt r-40 ÷ 2 ÷ 20 micrometers,

Q_R＝4πε₀r×u＝4π×1÷(36π)×10^-9×20×10^-6×538＝1195×10^-15

ρ₀＝Q_R÷V₄ V₄40X 40 micron³

ρ₀＝1195×10^-15÷(40×10^-3)³＝18.68×10^-9(library/mm)³)

ρ₀Charged particle density (library/mm)³)

Volume V of gas contained in hollow pipe_s＝hs×(bs÷2)×L×Z＝24×(18÷2)×80×10³×96＝1658.8×10⁶Millimeter³

Storing energy for one week of charge: q_L＝V_s×ρ₀＝1658.8×10⁶×18.68×10^-930.9 (storehouse)

The charged particles and neutral gas in the energy storage ring are accelerated to 600kM/S, and the circumference of the energy storage ring is 80m

Then f is 600 × 10³÷80＝7.5×10³Week/second

Current I ═ Q in energy storage loop_Lf＝30.9×7.5×10³＝231×10³A

Motor line load a ═ I ÷ (pi Da) ═ 231 × 10³668A/cm (3.14X 110)

Motor power W (Iu) (231 × 10)³×538＝124×10⁶VA＝124M VA

4) Selection of charged particles and neutral gas molecules

According to the effective acceleration condition of charged particles: 1 ÷ (12f) ═ pi m ÷ (6eB) ≥ b ÷ V where b ═ b3 is the polar distance

Pole pitch τ 86.35cm V Va

Va＝πDa×n÷60＝3.14×1.1×9000÷60＝518m/s

m＝τ÷(πVa)×6eb＝86.35×10^-2÷(3.14×518)×6×1.6×1.6×10^-19＝8.15×10^-22kg/granule

So as to select aluminum oxide (AL)₂O₃) Nano material

M₃＝4×10^-21The weight of the granules is kg per granule,

R＝M₃v÷(eB)＝4×10^-21×518÷(1.6×10^-19×1.6)＝8.09m

a＝V²÷R＝518²÷8.09＝33km/S²the acceleration of charged particle is 33km/S²

Energy storage one-week charge number: o is_L30.9 (library) Q₀Number of coulombs per unit

Mass of charged particles m ═ Q_L×Q₀×M₃＝30.9×6.25×10¹⁸×4×10^-21＝0.7725kg，

Neutral gas selected from argon (molecular weight 39)

5) Energy storage time and energy storage energy calculation

The rotor length La is 0.65m, and the total length L of the energy storage ring is 80m

L ÷ La ÷ 80 ÷ 0.65 ═ 123 (multiple) α ═ 33km/s

That is, the motor accelerates for 123 seconds to accelerate the charged particle 0.7725kg in the energy storage ring to 33km/s

When the acceleration is required to be 600km/s, 600 ÷ 33 ═ 18.18 times

When t is 123 × 18.18, 2236 seconds, 0.7725kg has a mass of 600km/s, and if the charge is 10 hours,

t_Nthe mass of the charged particles and the mass of the neutral gas can be made to be 16.1 times as large as 10 × 3600 ÷ 2236 ═ 16.1 times:

m "t" 0.7725 × 16.1 "12.437 kg, accelerated to 600km/s,

total energy W_Z＝(1/2)mV²＝(1/2)×12.437×(600×10³)²＝223.8×10¹⁰J

The calorific value of each kilogram of gasoline is as follows: w ═ 4.6 x 10⁷J/Kg, then m_{Gasoline (gasoline)}’＝W_Z÷W’＝223.8×10¹⁰÷(4.6 x 10⁷)＝48.6×10³(kilogram) is equivalent to 48.6 tons of gasoline.

Two direct current energy storage motors are equivalent to energy storage 2 × 48.6 ═ 97.3 tons of gasoline, and are equivalent to energy storage 3 × 97.3 ═ 292 tons of gasoline because the electric energy efficiency is 3 times that of gasoline.

6) And (3) calculating the air pressure in the energy storage ring:

volume V of energy storage ring_s＝1658.8×10⁶(mm³) Becoming 1658.8 (liter)

Molar gas 22.4/mol (argon molecular weight 39)

V＝V_s22.4 ═ 74 (mole)

Argon m at one atmosphere pressure_{Argon gas}74 × 39-2886 g-2.886 kg

Total mass M in energy storage ring_Z12.437kg

M_Z÷m_{Argon gas}4.3 atm/12.437 ÷ 2.886 ═ 4.3 atm

Namely, the argon pressure of the energy storage ring reaches 4.3 atmospheres, and the total mass of the energy storage ring reaches 12.437 kilograms.

7) Motor starting method

According to the starting conditions: l is_a ^。Polar distance tau 86.35cm ═ b ÷ 4 ═ b ═ t

L_a ^。＝67.7cm＞L_aThe starting condition is met when the length is 65cm

According to M ═ b × 2eB ÷ (π V)₀) M＝M₃＝4×10^-21(kg/granule) b ═ τ 86.35cm

V₀＝b×2eB÷(πM₃)＝0.8635×2×1.6×10^-19×1.6÷(3.14×4×10^-21)

V₀At 35m/s, i.e. at start-up, the peripheral speed of the rotor of the machine is V₀＝35m/s

8) DC motor and energy storage ring weight estimation

Outer diameter of the motor: 200cm armature length La 65cm

Hollow pipe M with inner wall height hs of 2.6cm_ZWidth bs 18mm Z96

The total length L of the energy storage ring is 80m, and the iron specific gravity rho F is 7.8g/cm³Specific gravity of nickel rho N8.9 g/cm³

Specific gravity P of the glass film is 2.45g/cm³

The motor weight Q1 ═ pi × (Dj ÷ 2)²×La×ρF ＝3.14×(2÷2)²The multiplied by 0.65 multiplied by 7.8 is 15.9 tons, the shell of the motor adopts the teraalloy, the weight is greatly reduced, the external application motor is integrated with the energy storage motor, the weight is increased, and the weight of the motor is estimated to be 18 tons.

Considering the weight Q of the nickel-coated glass film₂＝1.8V_sρP＝1.8×1658.8×10³×2.45 ＝7315×10³g is 7.3 tons

Mica interlayer weight Q₃The specific gravity of mica is 2.8g/cm³Area of mica

Sm＝(2hs+2bs)×L×Z＝(2×2.4+2×1.8)×80×100×96＝6.45×10⁶cm²

Mica thickness delta 1mm

Q₃＝Smδρy＝6.45×10⁶×0.1×2.8＝1.8×10⁶g 1.8 ton

Weight of hollow tube housing Q₄Titanium alloy specific gravity ρ t ═ 4.5g/cm³Thickness delta 1mm

Titanium alloy surface area Sm is 6.45X 10⁶cm^2，

Q₄＝Smδρt＝＝6.45×10⁶×0.1×4.5＝2.9×10⁶g 2.9 ton

Total weight Q ═ Q₁+Q₂+Q₃+Q₄30 ton for 18+7.3+1.8+2.9 ton

Two machines weigh 2X 30 ton

9) Calculating the load weight, the effective load and the flying distance of the airplane:

the power of two units is 124MW, the total power is 24.8 ten thousand kW, and the oil storage is equivalent to 292 tons

When the airplane is 230 tons full and the airplane is 40% full when no load exists, the airplane is no-load (the weight of the direct current energy storage motor is not considered) m is 230 multiplied by 0.4 to 92 tons, the weight of the two direct current energy storage motors is 60 tons, the airplane is no-load (the weight of the two direct current energy storage motors is contained) m' is 92 multiplied by 60 to 152 tons, and the effective load of the airplane is m_{Is provided with}230-

Since the stored oil is 292 tons far exceeding 230 tons of full load, the flying distance exceeds any modern airplane, the effective load is 33 percent, and the flying distance also exceeds any modern airplane.

The application is as follows: space shuttle

The direct current motor of the space shuttle is basically the same as the electric motor in power, size, structure and other aspects, considering that the space shuttle needs more energy, the neutral gas medium can be selected from gas with large molecular weight, and SF can be adopted₆(Sulfur hexafluoride) gas, SF₆The mass of the gas is n times that of argon and n is 146 ÷ 39 ÷ 3.7 times that of argon under the same molar gas, so that the energy storage of the space shuttle can be increased by 3.7 times than that of the electric shuttle.

Calculated from the foregoing:

the power is 124000kW 2, 2 times 124000 is 248MW

n 9000 revolutions/minute Da 110cm armature length Ls 65cm

Stator outer diameter Dj 200cm 2P 4Z 2P 24

Z24 × 4 96 armature length Ls 65cm

Energy storage speed of 600km/s and energy storage ring length of 80m

Aluminum oxide (AL)₂O₃) Mass m₀0.7725kg, accelerated to 600km/s,

it takes 2236 seconds.

Volume V of gas contained in energy storage ring_S＝1658.8×10⁶Liter, corresponding to the number of moles of gas

n_m＝V_S22.4-1658.8-22.4-74 (molar gas)

Charging into SF by energy storage ring₆The gas back pressure reaches 20 atmospheric pressure P₂₀，m₁₄₆-SF₆Molecular weight

Then SF₆Mass m of gas₆＝n_m×P₂₀×m₁₄₆＝74×146×20＝216×10³g-216 kg, required acceleration time:

t＝(m₆÷m₀) X Δ t ═ (216 ÷ 0.7725) × 2236 ═ 625211 seconds ═ 173 hours.

I.e. acceleration for 173 hours, 216kg SF₆The gas velocity reached 600km/s,

energy storage of each direct current motor: w (1/2) mV²＝(1/2)×216×(600×10³)²＝3888×10¹⁰Coke (coke)

The calorific value of each kilogram of gasoline is as follows: w ═ 4.6 x 10⁷J/Kg

m_{Gasoline (gasoline)}’＝W÷W’＝3888×10¹⁰÷(4.6×10⁷)＝845×10³(kilogram) is equivalent to 845 tons of gasoline stored.

Two direct current energy storage motors are equivalent to energy storage 2 x 845 which is 1690 tons of gasoline, and if the full load weight of the space plane is 239 tons, 1690/239 which is 7 times of the full load weight of the stored energy, namely the gasoline energy which is 7 times of the full load total weight of the stored energy can support flying to a mars to and fro.

According to the calculation, the total weight of two 124MW direct current motors and the energy storage ring is 60 tons, and considering that the pressure of the energy storage ring is increased, the weight of the titanium alloy is changed from 1mm to 2mm, and then Q is calculated₄＝2Q₄2 × 3 to 6 tons, i.e. 3 tons, 6 tons for two stations, and 60+6 to 66 tons for total weight.

The space shuttle is full of 239 tons and no load is full of 40 percent, namely 239 multiplied by 0.4 to 95.6 tons, considering SF₆The neutral gas has too little mass, direct injection and unstable thrust, water vapor boosting can be adopted, 6 tons of water are added in the boosting process, 3 tons of auxiliary equipment are added, and the no-load weight of the space plane with the direct current motor is obtained

m_k95.6+66+6+3 ≈ 171 tons, payload: 239-

I.e., 68 tons of payload can be delivered to mars and flown back to earth at a relatively fast rate.

And application four: solar energy storage, wind energy storage and power grid energy storage and peak regulation

The direct current energy storage motor has the advantages that a large amount of energy can be stored and the direct current energy storage motor can be used as a motor to drive the direct current energy storage motor to store energy, the direct current prime motor and the direct current energy storage motor are integrated into one motor, the direct current motor can be used as the prime motor to drive the direct current energy storage motor to store energy only by providing a direct current power supply, if the direct current energy storage motor is used as the motor to run, the original direct current prime motor is connected to an external network, the direct current power supply is output to the external network, and then the direct current power supply is converted into an alternating current power supply to supply power to a power grid.

No matter solar energy, wind energy or redundant electric energy of a power grid at night, alternating current is converted into direct current firstly, a direct current motor is driven to drive a direct current energy storage motor to store energy, when electricity is needed, the direct current energy storage motor for storing the electric energy is operated, the generated direct current is output to a direct current power supply through a connected external power grid, and then the direct current power supply is converted into alternating current to play a role in peak regulation.

If the power grid needs to store energy as a standby power supply, the front space shuttle and the direct-current energy storage motor can be used for storing energy, and as mentioned above, the two power storage motors have the power of 124MW and store energy for 173 hours, and can store energy equivalent to 1690 tons of gasoline. When the power grid needs to use electricity, the power can be continuously supplied for one week at two powers of 124 MW.

If the power grid needs peak shaving, the direct current energy storage motor of the previous electric aircraft can be selected to store energy, as described above, two power 124MW are used, the charging is 10 hours, which is equivalent to the energy storage of 2 × 48.6 ═ 97.3 tons of gasoline, and at the peak of the power grid, the power is continuously supplied for 8 hours with two power 124MW, so that no problem exists.

Application five: high-power heavy ion accelerator and neutron source and application thereof

(I) high-power heavy ion accelerator

The structure of the direct-current energy storage motor of the high-power heavy ion accelerator is basically similar to that of a direct-current energy storage motor of an electric airplane. The difference is that the accelerated ion speed of the high-power heavy ion accelerator is close to the light speed, so that the injected neutral gas medium is not considered.

1) Main parameters and dimensions of the motor

Power 600kW, speed n 1500 rpm P_N÷n_N＝600÷1500＝0.4 Da＝150cm

Stator outer diameter Dj ═ Da ÷ 0.55 ≈ 273cm

B is 0.1 Wei/m² 2P＝4

Z ÷ (2p) ═ 24Z ═ 24 × 4 ═ 96 armature length La ═ 16cm

Tooth distance ta ═ pi Da ÷ Z ═ 3.14X 150 ÷ 96 ═ 4.9cm

Polar distance tau ═ pi Da ÷ 2P ═ 3.14 × 150 ÷ 4 ═ 117cm

Va＝πDa×n÷60＝3.14×1.5×1500÷60＝117m/s

According to the starting conditions: l is_a ^。Where b is 117cm ═ b ÷ 4 ═ b ═ τ ═ 117cm

L_a ^。＝(πτ)÷4＝(3.14×117)÷4＝91.8cm＞La＝16cm

When b is equal to τ, the start-up condition is satisfied.

Hollow tube inner wall width bs ═ ta ÷ 2 ═ 4.9 ÷ 2 ═ 2.45cm

Height hs of inner wall of hollow tube is 2.45cm ═ bs ═ 2.45cm

Eav＝2pφn÷60＝2pBτLa×n÷60＝4×0.1×1.17×0.16×1500÷60＝1.872(v)

Setting: the radius R of the energy storage ring is 5m, and the total length L is 36m

2) Energy storage hollow tube separation structure, material, voltage and power calculation

The energy storage hollow tube separation gap adopts 40 micron interval, and the structure and the material are the same as those of the front electric automobile.

3) Charged particle density and voltage calculation

u＝Q_R÷(4πε₀r) u-1.872 v r-40 ÷ 2 ÷ 20 μm,

Q_R＝4πε₀r×u＝4π×1÷(36π)×10^-9×20×10^-6×1.872＝4.16×10^-15library

ρ₀＝Q_R÷V₄ V₄40X 40 micron³

ρ₀＝4.16×10^-15÷(40×10^-3)³＝0.065×10^-9(library/mm)³)

ρ₀Charged particle density

Gas-containing volume V of energy storage hollow pipe_s＝hs×(bs÷2)×L×Z ＝24.5×(24.5÷2)×36×10³×96＝1037.2×10⁶Millimeter³

Energy storage one cycle charge Q_L＝V_s×ρ₀＝1037.2×10⁶×0.065×10^-9＝67.4×10^-3(library)

According to the effective acceleration condition of charged particles: 1 ÷ (12f) ═ pi m ÷ (6eB) ≥ b ÷ V where b ═ 160 μm and V ═ V_a

m＝b÷(πV)×6eB ＝160×10^-6÷(3.14×117)×6×1.6×10^-19×0.1＝4.2×10^{- 26}kg M₀＝m

Therefore, the molecular weight of potassium ion (K +) is 39, and the proton mass is 1.6 multiplied by 10^-27kg, mass m of potassium ions_k＝1.6×10^-27×39＝6.24 ×10^-26kg.m_k＞M₀The condition is satisfied.

4) Calculating R-m by energy storage time, power and beam current_kV_a÷(eB) ＝6.24×10^-26×117÷(1.6×10^-19×0.1)＝456.3×10^-6Rice and its production process

a＝V_a ²÷R＝117²÷(456.3×10^-6)＝3×10⁷m/s^2.

The rotor length La is 0.16m, and the total length L of the energy storage ring is 36m

If L ÷ La ÷ 36 ÷ 0.16 ÷ 225 (times) and the rotor hollow tube acceleration time is 225 times, the acceleration time is 225 seconds, and the charged particles in the energy storage ring are accelerated to the speed V ═ 3 × 10⁷m/s^2.，

Taking V' ═ 6V ═ 6X 30X 10⁶＝1.8×10⁸m/s

That is, the acceleration time t is 225 × 6 to 1350 seconds, which reaches 60% of the light speed.

The energy storage ring is accelerated to 60% of the light speed, namely V' ═ 1.8 x 10⁸m/s, the radius of the energy storage ring is 5m,

the perimeter of the energy storage ring is 36m, and f is 1.8 multiplied by 10⁸÷36＝5×10⁶Week/second.

Front stored energy one cycle charge Q_L＝67.4×10^-3Then the current I ═ Q of the energy storage ring_R×f ＝67.4×10^-3×5×10⁶＝337×10³The medicine is prepared by the steps of (A) preparing,

motor line load a ═ I ÷ (pi D)_a)＝337×10³715 a/cm for ÷ (3.14 × 150),

motor power W337 × 10 UI³×1.872＝630×10³VA＝630KVA

Coulomb Q with one cycle of charge stored in front_L＝67.4×10^-3 Q₀＝6.25×10¹⁸

Coulomb number Q of one-cycle charge of stored energy_L ^。＝Q_L Q₀＝67.4×10^-3×6.25×10¹⁸＝421.25×10¹⁵(number of charges), e.g. 10 outputs per second¹⁴The charged particles can output time: t is t_j＝421.25×10¹⁵÷ 10¹⁴4212.5 seconds. While the heavy ion accelerator energy storage time is only 1350 seconds.

If two heavy ion accelerators are used alternately, uninterrupted output of 10/s can be realized¹⁴Charged particles.

5) And (3) calculating the air pressure in the energy storage ring:

number of charges per week Q_L ^。＝421.25×10¹⁵(number of charges) gas-containing volume of energy-storing hollow tube

V_s＝1037.2×10⁶Millimeter³1037.2 (liter) V_s22.4 ═ 46 (mole)

Number of 1 mol of gas molecule N₀＝6.02×10²³

Charge number Q of energy storage hollow tube_L ^。＝421.25×10¹⁵Pressure of energy-storage hollow pipe

P_Y＝Q_L ^。÷(46N₀)＝421.25×10¹⁵÷(46×6.02×10²³) ＝1.52×10^-8Atmospheric pressure 1.52 × 1^0-3 Pa (P)_a)

6) Motor starting method

Because b-b 1-160 microns is selected, it is not suitable for starting condition, and must inject large mass charged particles, and select aluminium oxide (AL)₂O₃) The potassium ions are driven by the large-mass charged particles as starting motors.

Minimum speed M ═ b × 2eB ÷ (pi V/V) under effective potassium ion storage conditions₀)，

b-b 1-160 microns

M＝6.24×10^-26kg

V₀＝b×2eB÷(πM) ＝160×10^-6×2×1.6×10^-19×0.1÷(3.14×6.24×10^-26)＝26m/s

Lowest velocity La ═ V (b ÷ V) of the charged particles that start up₀)V₀ ^。

V₀ ^。＝La÷(b÷V₀)＝0.16÷(160×10-6÷26)＝26×10³m/s

Firstly starting up the reactor under the starting condition of aluminium oxide, when the charged particle speed reaches 26X 10³m/s

Then, starting the rotor at the potassium ion starting condition, namely, starting the rotor at the speed of 26 m/s. Then, the charged particles of alumina are led out.

7) Magnetic confinement calculation

R^。＝m_kV^。÷(eB)，V’＝1.8×10⁸m/s B＝0.1mk＝6.24×10^-26kg.

R^。＝6.24×10^-26×1.8×10⁸÷(1.6×10^-19X 0.1) ═ 702 m

According to the radius R of the energy storage ring^。。When the length is 5m, then R^。。＝m_kV^。÷(eB_x)

B_x＝m_kV^。÷(eR^。。)＝6.24×10^-26×1.8×10⁸÷(1.6×10^-19X 5) ═ 14.04 Wei/m²I.e. when the radius of the energy storage ring R^。。At radius R of 5m^。。Upper mounting magnetic field

B_x14.04 Wer/m²After a plurality of symmetrical magnetic restraints, charged proton potassium ions can well restrain the energy storage ring with the radius R and also have direct current voltage restraint, so that after double restraints, the operation reliability of charged particles is greatly increased.

(II) neutron source

The heavy ion accelerator with the power of 630kVA is designed, and on the basis, the target nuclei can be bombarded to generate neutrons so as to obtain the neutron source accelerator. The output speed of the obtained heavy ions (potassium ions) is 60 percent of the light speed, and the beam current is 10 percent per second¹⁴And a duration of up to 4200 seconds, and if these heavy ions bombard the target nuclei, e.g. 10 neutrons are obtained per heavy ion bombardment of the target nuclei, the neutron source beam current may reach 10 per second¹⁵The sequence time of neutrons can reach 4200 seconds, the power of a neutron source reaches 630kVA, and the power is quite high.

(III) neutron Source applications

1) Application to medicine. The characteristics that boron ions are easy to gather in cancer cells are utilized: the boron ions are gathered to cancer cells, then a neutron source is used for irradiating to enable the boron ions to release neutrons to kill cancer-free cells, and if the neutron source intensity is too strong, the neutron source intensity can be adjusted through a speed reducer, so that the influence of the neutron source intensity on a human body is minimized, and the boron ions can be excited to release the neutrons to kill the cancer cells.

2) Application to atomic power plants

The principle of atomic energy fission and power generation is that nuclear fission generates neutrons, chain reaction is generated, the neutrons are continuously generated, energy is continuously released by the continuous fission, and then power generation is performed, if the neutrons are generated too fast and too much, the loss of control can be caused, and then the explosion and pollution consequences of a nuclear reactor are very serious.

If the neutron source is adopted to generate neutrons to irradiate the atomic nucleus and the atomic nucleus is fissioned to generate energy, if the neutron chain reaction is too fast and too large, once the neutron source is out of control, the reaction of the atomic nucleus stops immediately after the neutron source is lost, explosion cannot be caused, and the generation by using the fission of the atomic nucleus becomes very safe.

The application is six: high-power deuterium and tritium accelerator for fusion reaction

According to known conditions, deuterium and tritium are accelerated to 70% of the light speed and collide to generate fusion reaction.

(one) energy gain and loss calculation

Deuterium: d ═ 2H, molecular weight 4, energy when one gram of deuterium accelerates to light speed 70%:

W_H＝(1/2)mV²＝(1/2)×1×10^-3×(3×10⁸×70％)²＝2.205×10¹³joule, total fusion release energy according to one kilogram of deuterium is equivalent to 11000 tons of coal, then one gram of deuterium is equivalent to 11 tons of coal, one kilogram of coal has a heat value of 29.308MJ, 11 tons of coal has a heat value: w_M＝11×10³×29.308＝3.22×10⁵MJ＝3.22×10¹¹Joule.

Therefore, when one gram of deuterium is accelerated to 70% of the light speed, the required energy far exceeds the energy released by fusion of one gram of deuterium, and the fusion reaction is generated by adopting the acceleration to 70% of the light speed because the kinetic energy is converted into the electric energy with the efficiency generally lower than 50%, so that the loss is not paid.

And (4) conclusion: deuterium and tritium accelerate to 70% of the speed of light and act only as an ignition.

Deuterium and tritium are maintained at a temperature of 1 hundred million degrees, nuclear fusion confinement time:

nτ≥10¹⁴S/cm³in this case, a continuous fusion reaction can be maintained.

In summary, the following steps: deuterium and tritium are accelerated to 70% of the light speed to serve as a fusion reaction ignition device.

Energy required to accelerate one gram of deuterium to 1 hundred million degrees: w_H＝(1/2)mV²＝10⁸×Cp

Cp deuterium specific heat capacity 7.243KJ/(kgK)

Energy required to reach 1 hundred million degrees per gram deuterium: 10⁸×7.243×10³÷10³＝7.243×10⁸Joule (J)

Energy W required to accelerate one gram of deuterium to 1 hundred million degree_H＝(1/2)×1×10^-3V²

I.e. W_H＝(1/2)mV²＝10⁸×Cp

(1/2)×1×10^-3 V²＝7.243×10⁸

V²＝14.486×10¹¹

V＝1202km/s

If two beams of deuterium are accelerated to 1202km/s and collide, the temperature of deuterium can reach 1 hundred million degree

When each gram of deuterium is accelerated to 1202km/s, the required energy is as follows:

W_H”＝(1/2)mV²＝(1/2)×1×10^-3×(1202×10³)²＝7.243×10⁸joule (J)

Fusion release energy per gram of deuterium is: w_m＝3.22×10¹¹Joule (J)

W_m÷W_H”＝3.22×10¹¹÷(7.2×10⁸) 447 times. It can be seen that after deuterium and tritium are accelerated to 1200km/s and collide, the temperature can reach 1 hundred million degrees, and the energy is only 1/447 which releases energy, so that only two deuterium and tritium accelerators are needed to be designed, one is the deuterium and tritium accelerator with the speed reaching 70% of the light speed, and the other is the deuterium and tritium accelerator with the speed reaching 1200km/s of the light speed. Igniting by using an accelerator with 70 percent of deuterium and tritium at the speed of light to generate fusion reaction,deuterium and tritium accelerators with the speed of 1200km/s are used for adding fusion fuel, the temperature reaches hundreds of millions of degrees,

and n tau is more than or equal to 10¹⁴S/cm³In the case, the combustion is continuously maintained to produce a continuous fusion reaction.

(II) Accelerator with 70% deuterium and tritium speed of light speed

Let Da be 300cm and n be 1500 rpm

Va＝πDa×n÷60＝3.14×3×1500÷60＝235.5m/s

According to the effective acceleration condition of charged particles: 1 ÷ (12f) ═ pi m ÷ (6eB) ≥ b ÷ V, b ═ 160 μm,

the molecular weight of deuterium is 4: m is₄＝4×1.6×10^-27＝6.4×10^-27kg/granule

B＝πmV÷(6×eb)＝3.14×6.4×10^-27×235.5÷(6×1.6×10^-19×160×10^-6) ＝3.08×10^-2Wei/rice²Taking B as 0.02 Wei/m²Length La of armature equal to 30cm

Z÷(2p)＝36 2p＝4 Z＝36×4＝144

Tooth distance ta ═ pi Da ÷ Z ═ 3.14X 300 ÷ 144 ═ 6.54cm

τ＝πDa÷(2P)＝3.14×300÷4＝235.6cm

According to the starting conditions: l is_a ^。T 235.6cm ═ b ═ 4 ═ b ═ t

L_a ^。The start condition is satisfied by (pi b) ÷ (4) ÷ (3.14 × 2.356) ÷ (4) ÷ (1.8 m > La ═ 30 cm)

The hollow tube inner wall width bs ═ ta ÷ 2 ═ 6.54 ÷ 2 ═ 3.27cm hs ═ 2.6cm

The radius R of the energy storage ring is 5m, the perimeter L of the energy storage ring is 36m, and when the energy storage speed reaches 70% of the light speed:

V＝3×10⁸×70％＝2.1×10⁸meter/second

Eav＝2pφn÷60＝2pBτLa×n÷60＝4×0.02×2.356×0.3×1500÷60＝1.4136(v)

The structure and the material of the core tube of the energy storage ring are similar to those of the previous structure and the previous material, and the interval is 40 microns

u＝Q_R÷(4πε₀r) u-1.4136 (v) r-40/2-20 microns,

Q_R＝4πε₀r×u＝4π×1÷(36π)×10^-9×20×10^-6×1.4136 ＝3.14133×10^-15library

ρ₀＝Q_R÷V₄ V₄40X 40 micron³

ρ₀＝3.14133×10^-15÷(40×10^-3)³＝0.049×10^-9(library/mm)³)

ρ₀Charged particle density

Gas-containing volume V of energy storage hollow pipe_s＝hs×(bs÷2)×L×Z＝32.7×(26÷2)×36×10³×144＝2203.7×10⁶Millimeter³

Energy storage one cycle charge Q_L＝V_s×ρ₀＝2203.7×10⁶×4.9×10^-11Becoming 0.10798 (storehouse)

Charged particles in the energy storage ring are accelerated to 2.1 x 10⁸m/s, energy storage ring perimeter 36m

The frequency f is 2.1 × 10⁸÷36＝5.833×10⁶Week/second

Current I in energy storage ring_f＝Q_Lf＝0.10798×5.833×10⁶＝629.8×10³An

Motor line load A^。＝I÷(πDa)＝629.8×10³And 2, the specification of the product is satisfied when the product is divided by (3.14 multiplied by 300) 668.5A/cm.

Motor power W-Iu-629.8 × 10³×1.4136＝890×10³VA＝890kVA.

R^。＝m₄V^。÷(eB)＝6.4×10^-27×235.5÷(1.6×10^-19×0.02)＝471×10^-6Rice and its production process

a＝V²÷R’＝235.5²÷(471×10^-6)＝1.17×10⁸m/s^2.

The rotor length La is 0.3m, and the total length L of the energy storage ring is 36m

Then L ÷ La ÷ 36 ÷ 0.3 ÷ 120 (times), i.e. 120 seconds of acceleration, accelerates the charged particles in the energy storage ring to 1.17 × 10⁸m/s^2.Accelerating 2 × 120 ═ 240 seconds to accelerate the charged particles in the energy storage ring to 2 × 1.17 × 10⁸m/s^2.＝2.34×10⁸m/s^2.The speed requirement is met.

Energy storage one cycle charge Q_LBecoming 0.10798 (storehouse)

Number of charged spots Q in the energy storage ring_L ^。＝Q_L×Q₀ Q₀- - -coulombs

Q_L ^。＝0.10789×6.25×10¹⁸＝0.6743×10¹⁸(number of charges),

deuterium mass of M in energy storage ring_H ^。＝Q_L ^。×4m₀ m₀-1.6×10^-27kg (proton mass)

M_H ^。＝0.6743×10¹⁸×4×1.6×10^-27＝4.31552×10^-9kg＝4.31552×10^-6g

Accelerating for 240 seconds to obtain a mass M_H ^。＝4.31552×10^-6g, speed up to 2.4X 10⁸M/s.

Set 240 seconds to output Q_L ^。＝0.6743×10¹⁸(number of charges), the number of charges output per second is

Q_L ^。÷240＝0.6743×10¹⁸÷240＝2.8×10¹⁵Number of charges

Motor starting method

Because b-b 1-160 microns is selected, it is not suitable for starting condition, and must inject large mass charged particles, and select aluminium oxide (AL)₂O₃) The deuterium ions are driven by the large mass charged particles as the starting motor.

Minimum speed M ═ b × 2eB ÷ (pi V) according to deuterium ion energy storage effective conditions₀)，

b 1-160 micron La-0.3 m

M＝m₄＝6.4×10^-27kg/granule

V₀＝b×2eB÷(πm₄) ＝160×10^-6×2×1.6×10^-19×0.02÷(3.14×6.4×10^-27)＝51m/s

Lowest velocity La ═ V (b ÷ V) of the charged particles that start up₀)V₀ ^。

V₀ ^。＝La÷(b÷V₀)＝0.3÷(160×10^-6÷51)＝96×10³m/s

Firstly starting the reactor according to the starting condition of aluminum oxide, and when the charged particle velocity reaches 96 multiplied by 10³m/s

Then, starting the device according to the deuterium ion starting condition, namely starting the device at the speed of 51m/s of the rotor. Then, the charged particles of alumina are led out.

(III) deuterium and tritium accelerator with speed of 1200km/s

As the speed of deuterium and tritium is only 1200km/s, the neutral gas deuterium and tritium can be driven to reach 1200km/s by adopting the acceleration of the nano particles, namely, a direct current energy storage accelerator similar to the previous electric airplane is adopted.

1) Speed motor main parameters and dimensions

Power 30000kW speed n_N6000 rpm P_N÷n_N30000 ÷ 6000 ═ 5 Da ═ 100cm B ═ 1.6 Wei/m²

2P＝4

Z/2 p 24Z 24X 4 96 armature length La 50cm

Va＝πDa×n÷60＝3.14×1×6000÷60＝314m/s

τ＝πDa÷(2P)＝3.14×100÷4＝78.5cm

Tooth distance ta ═ pi Da ÷ Z ═ 3.14X 100 ÷ 96 ═ 3.27cm

According to the starting conditions: l is_a ^。Pole distance tau 78.5cm ═ b ÷ 4 ═ b ═ d-

L_a ^。The starting condition is satisfied by (3.14 × 78.5) ÷ 4 ═ 61cm > La ═ 50cm

Hollow tube inner wall width bs ═ ta ÷ 2 ═ 3.27 ÷ 2 ═ 1.635cm

hs＝bs＝1.635cm

Eav＝2pφn÷60＝2pBτLa×n÷60＝4×1.6×0.785×0.5×6000÷60＝251.2(v)

Setting: the radius R of the energy storage ring is 5m, and the total length L is 36m

The structure, the material and the separation of the core tube of the energy storage ring are the same as those of the electric airplane.

u＝Q_R÷(4πε₀r) u-251.2 (v) r-40/2-20 microns,

Q_R＝4πε₀r×u＝4π×1÷(36π)×10^-9×20×10^-6×251.2＝558.2×10^-15library

ρ₀＝Q_R÷V₄ V₄40X 40 micron³

ρ₀＝558.2×10^-15÷(40×10^-3)³＝8.722×10^-9(library/mm)³)

ρ₀Charged particle density

Gas-containing volume V of energy storage hollow pipe_s＝hs×(bs÷2)×L×Z ＝16.35×(16.35÷2)×36×10³×96＝462×10⁶Millimeter³。

Energy storage one cycle charge Q_L＝V_s×ρ₀＝462×10⁶×8.722×10^-9Becoming 4.029 (storehouse)

The charged particles in the energy storage ring are accelerated to 1200km/s, and the circumference of the energy storage ring is 36m

The frequency f becomes 1200 × 10³÷36＝33.33×10³Week/second

Current I ═ Q in energy storage loop_Lf＝4.029×33.33×10³＝134×10³An

Motor line load A^。＝I÷(πDa)＝134×10³And 2, the specification of the product is satisfied when the product is divided by (3.14 multiplied by 100) ÷ 427.6 ampere/centimeter.

Motor power W ═ Iu ═ 134 × 10³×251.2＝33.66×10⁶VA＝33.66MVA，

2) Selecting charged particles and neutral gas and energy storage quality and time

According to the effective acceleration condition of charged particles: 1 ÷ (12f) ═ pi m ÷ (6eB) ≥ b ÷ V ÷

m-b × 6eB ÷ (pi V) is b- τ V-V_a

m＝0.785×6×1.6×10^-19÷(3.14×314)＝7.64×10^-22kg

Selecting (AL)₂O₃) The nano material is used as charged particle, and the neutral gas is deuterium, tritium and AL₂O₃Nano mass m₃＝4×10^{- 21}kg (proton mass) > m₀＝7.64×10^-22kg

R’＝m₃V_a÷(eB)＝4×10^-21×314÷(1.6×10^-19X 1.6) 4.9 m

a＝V²÷R’＝314²÷4.9＝20.1×10³m/s^2.＝20km/S²

The rotor length La is 0.5m, and the total length L' of the energy storage ring is 36m

Then L ÷ La ÷ 36 ÷ 0.5 ÷ 72 (times), i.e. 72 seconds of acceleration, accelerates the charged particles in the energy storage ring to 20km/s, e.g. 1200km/s, and takes 1200 ÷ 20 × 72 ÷ 4320 seconds.

Energy storage one-cycle charge QL 4.029 (library)

Number of charged spots Q in the energy storage ring_L ^。＝Q_L×Q₀ Q₀- - -coulombs

Q_L ^。＝4.029×6.25×10¹⁸＝25.18×10¹⁸Number of coulombs

Mass m-Q of charged particles in energy storage ring_L ^。m₃＝25.18×10¹⁸×4×10^-21kg＝0.1kg

That is, the acceleration t is 4320 seconds, the mass can be 0.1kg, and the acceleration can reach 1200 km/s.

Setting energy storage acceleration t^。When the time is 10 hours, t is^。10 × 3600 ÷ 4320 ÷ 8.3 times

Deuterium with a mass of 0.1kg x (8.3-1) times 0.73kg can be accelerated to 1200km/s

If 0.73kg of deuterium is output for 24 hours,

deuterium m output per second_s＝0.73kg÷(24×3600)＝8.44×10^-6kg

Deuterium (molecular weight 4) deuterium mass M_H＝4m₀＝4×1.6×10^-27＝6.4×10^-27kg/granule

Of deuterium output per secondMass number M_S＝m_s÷M_H＝8.44×10^-6kg÷(6.4×10^-27) 1.3X 10 kg/grain²¹Granule

The fusion reaction satisfies the condition n tau is more than or equal to 10¹⁴---10¹⁶S/cm³

The mass number M of deuterium output per second was calculated as described above_S＝1.3×10²¹The granules are much larger than the above requirements.

According to the starting conditions: l is_a ^。78.5 cm/4 ═ b ═ t ═ b ÷ 4 ═ b ═ t ═

L_a ^。The starting condition is met when La is larger than 61cm and La is larger than 50cm

According to M ═ b × 2eB ÷ (π V)₀) M＝M₃＝4×10^-21(kg/granule)

V₀＝b×2eB÷(πM₃)＝0.785×2×1.6×10^-19×1.6÷(3.14×4×10^-21)

V₀At 32m/s, i.e. at start-up, the peripheral speed of the rotor of the machine is V₀＝32m/s

If 8 above-mentioned energy storage motors are adopted, 4 operate, 4 are standby, according to the energy storage 10 hours that charges, it has no problem to use alternately every day.

Mass number M of deuterium output per second_S＝1.3×10²¹0.73kg of deuterium was output 24 hours a day,

4 runs were carried out with deuterium mass output of 4X 0.73kg to 2.92kg 24 hours per day

One gram of deuterium corresponds to 11 tons of coal, 2.92kg of deuterium corresponds to 2.92X 10³×11 ＝32.12×10³32.12X 10 ton coal³×10³Generating 3 degrees of electricity per kilogram of coal

The daily power generation is 32.12 × 10³×10³×3＝96.36×10⁶Electric meter

Installed capacity of generator is 96.36 × 10⁶Electricity, 24, 4 x 10⁶kw＝4000MW

(IV) nuclear fusion method and Structure discussion

The vacuum spheroid is assumed to be adopted, eight symmetrical deuterium and tritium accelerators accelerated to 1200km/s are placed on a horizontal plane, four deuterium and tritium gases run in collision, and four deuterium and tritium accelerators are standby.

On the vertical surface of the ball, four deuterium and tritium accelerators with the speed of 70% are arranged, two deuterium and tritium accelerators operate to play a role in ignition, two deuterium and tritium accelerators are reserved, and a large number of water-cooled tubes are arranged on the surface of the ball to generate steam for power generation.

According to the calculation, the nuclear fusion reaction can be controlled, and the installed capacity is 400 thousands KW.