阅读说明：本技术 一种中耕、除草、培土、变量施肥谷子田间作业机 (Millet field operation machine for intertillage, weeding, ridging and variable fertilization ) 是由 杨平 陈昱利 巩法江 毕海滨 高明慧 王东峰 卓玛 牛国才 李娜 聂凯 于 2021-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种中耕、除草、培土、变量施肥谷子田间作业机,包括机架、变量施肥机构、中耕培土机构和除草机构,变量施肥机构由肥箱、外槽轮排肥器、排肥轴、链条、主动链轮、从动链轮、控制电机、导肥管、开沟器,除草机构由锯齿状除草刀、弹簧、往复摆动杆、调节杆、偏心轮组成,中耕培土铲是一个复合铲,复合铲由铲柄、培土铲和中耕刀组成,中耕刀呈镰刀状,实现一体化作业。(The invention provides an intertillage, weeding, ridging and variable fertilization millet field operation machine which comprises a frame, a variable fertilization mechanism, an intertillage ridging mechanism and a weeding mechanism, wherein the variable fertilization mechanism comprises a fertilizer box, an outer grooved pulley fertilizer discharger, a fertilizer discharging shaft, a chain, a driving chain wheel, a driven chain wheel, a control motor, a fertilizer guide pipe and a furrow opener, the weeding mechanism comprises a serrated weeding knife, a spring, a reciprocating swing rod, an adjusting rod and an eccentric wheel, the intertillage ridging shovel is a composite shovel, the composite shovel comprises a shovel handle, a ridging shovel and a intertillage knife, and the intertillage knife is sickle-shaped, so that the integrated operation is realized.)

1. The utility model provides an intertillage, weeding, hilling, variable rate fertilization millet field operation machine, includes frame (1), variable rate fertilization mechanism, intertillage hilling mechanism and weeding mechanism, its characterized in that: the front end of the frame (1) is provided with a leaf area image processor (2) corresponding to each operation row, a floating profiling reciprocating serrated weeding knife (6) is arranged on the frame (1), and the frame (1) is provided with a intertillage hilling shovel.

2. The row cultivating, weeding, ridging, variable fertilizing millet field working machine of claim 1, characterized in that: the variable fertilizing mechanism comprises a fertilizing box, an outer grooved wheel fertilizing device (14), a fertilizing shaft, a chain, a driving chain wheel (16), a driven chain wheel (15), a control motor, a fertilizer guide pipe (4) and a furrow opener (5), wherein the fertilizing box is arranged at the uppermost part of a rack (1) and is a hollow cuboid, a plurality of rectangular through holes are formed in the axial middle of the bottom surface, a fertilizer falling port of the outer grooved wheel fertilizing device (14) is matched with the rectangular through holes and is fixed on the bottom surface of the fertilizing box, the fertilizing shaft penetrates through a central hole of the outer grooved wheel fertilizing device (14), the driven chain wheel (15) is arranged on the fertilizing shaft, the control motor is arranged on the rack (1), the control system is connected with the control motor, the driving chain wheel (16) is arranged on an output shaft of the control motor, the chain is hung on the driving chain wheel (16) and the driven chain wheel (15), the fertilizing shaft rotates the outer grooved wheel fertilizing device (14), fertilizer enters the fertilizer guide pipe (4) from the outer grooved wheel fertilizing device (14), one end of the fertilizer guide pipe (4) is connected with the outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor (14), the other end of the fertilizer guide pipe is connected with the furrow opener (5), the fertilizer guide pipe enters the furrow opener (5) and falls into soil, the leaf area image processor collects the leaf area of the millet in real time and compares the leaf area with the leaf area in the same period in the database, when the actual leaf area is smaller than the theoretical value of the leaf area in the same period, the soil nutrient at the monitoring point is insufficient, the theoretical leaf area cannot be reached when the illumination and moisture conditions of the whole land are the same, the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients required to be supplemented is calculated by the system, the control system sends an instruction, the rotating speed of the control motor is controlled, and the supply quantity of the outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor (14) is correspondingly controlled.

3. The row cultivating, weeding, ridging, variable fertilizing millet field working machine of claim 1, characterized in that: weeding mechanism is by cockscomb structure weeding sword (6), the spring, reciprocal swinging arms (7), adjust pole (12), eccentric wheel (11) are constituteed, cockscomb structure weeding sword (6) are fixed on reciprocal swinging arms (7), reciprocal swinging arms (7) are articulated with adjusting pole (12), it is articulated with eccentric wheel (11) to adjust pole (12), reciprocal swinging arms (7) drive cockscomb structure weeding sword (6), cockscomb structure weeding sword (6) level sets up, be reciprocating motion in the axial, cut off the weeds root system, cut off soil surface soil pipe, reduce the evaporation of water, the axial refer to with machine direction of advance vertically direction, cockscomb structure weeding sword (6) level sets up, the spring plays the profile modeling effect of floating weeding cockscomb structure sword (6), bracing piece (17) play the fixed stay effect to cockscomb structure weeding sword (6).

4. The row cultivating, weeding, ridging, variable fertilizing millet field working machine of claim 1, characterized in that: the intertillage hilling shovel is a composite shovel, the composite shovel comprises a shovel handle, a hilling shovel (8) and an intertillage knife (9), and the intertillage knife (9) is in a sickle shape and has the functions of soil covering and intertillage.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a field management machine, in particular to a field operation machine for intertillage, weeding, ridging and variable fertilization of millet.

Background

At present, millet field operation machinery is single in variety, can only realize a single function, weeder usually adopts the weed shovel, because weeds belong to the fibrous root system, the root distribution range is wide, it distributes to be the round platform, traditional intertillage weeder adopts the herringbone shovel, the shovel head is sharp, during field operation, the motion trail of shovel head is a line, the working area is narrow, the sharp shovel head can't thoroughly shovel off the weeds root system, the root system can't shovel off weeds, continue to grow, the weeding effect is poor, secondly, intertillage and earthing up adopt a "chevron shape" shovel, the effect of digging up is poor, can't reach earthing up effect, fertilization adopts outer sheave equivalent fertilization, the fertility of soil exists the difference, millet plant growth also exists the difference.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention can realize variable fertilization according to the area coefficient, the zigzag weeding cutter is driven on the reciprocating swing rod to cut off the root system of the weeds among the rows and cut off the surface soil guide pipe of the soil, the water evaporation is reduced, and the hilling shovel has the effects of hilling and intertilling.

The technical scheme is as follows: a paddy field operation machine for intertillage, weeding, ridging and variable fertilization comprises a frame, a variable fertilization mechanism, an intertillage ridging mechanism and a weeding mechanism, wherein a leaf area image processor is arranged at the front end of the frame corresponding to each operation row, a floating profiling reciprocating sawtooth-shaped weeding knife is arranged on the frame, and an intertillage ridging shovel is arranged on the frame.

The variable fertilizing mechanism comprises a fertilizer box, an outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor, a fertilizer distributor shaft, a chain, a driving chain wheel, a driven chain wheel, a control motor, a fertilizer guide pipe and a furrow opener, wherein the fertilizer box is arranged at the uppermost part of a frame and is a hollow cuboid, a plurality of rectangular through holes are arranged in the middle of the axial direction of the bottom surface, a fertilizer falling port of the outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor is matched with the rectangular through holes and is fixed on the bottom surface of the fertilizer distributor shaft, the fertilizer distributor shaft penetrates through the central hole of the outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor, the driven chain wheel is arranged on the fertilizer distributor shaft, the control motor is arranged on the frame, the control system is connected with the control motor, the driving chain wheel is arranged on an output shaft of the control motor, the chain is hung on the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel, the fertilizer distributor shaft rotates to rotate the outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor, fertilizer enters the fertilizer guide pipe from the outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor, one end of the fertilizer guide pipe is connected with the outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor, the other end of the spring is connected with a furrow opener, the spring II is arranged on a supporting handle of the furrow opener, the spring II plays a role of floating profiling and supplies power to a circuit in a system, a leaf area image processor collects the leaf area of the millet in real time and compares the leaf area with the leaf area in the same period in a database, when the actual leaf area is smaller than the theoretical value of the leaf area in the same period, the nutrient of the soil at the position is insufficient, the theoretical leaf area cannot be reached when the illumination and moisture conditions of the whole land are the same, the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients required to be supplemented is calculated by the system, the control system sends an instruction to control the rotating speed of a control motor and correspondingly control the supply quantity of an outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor, the outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor is divided into a cellular fertilizer distributor and a groove fertilizer distributor, a clear high-speed leaf area image collector is arranged, the system calculates the leaf area collected in real time and calculates the effective leaf area, the control motor is a speed regulating motor, image acquisition and image data algorithm processing are adopted, analysis is carried out through MATLAB software and finite element software, the control system adopts PLC, and the quantity which needs to be supplemented actually is calculated by combining the leaf area coefficients of the millet in different growth periods and the demand of the millet on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients.

The rice field operating machine comprises a weeding mechanism, a saw-toothed blade, a spring, a reciprocating swing rod, an adjusting rod and an eccentric wheel, wherein power is applied to the eccentric wheel, the weeding blade is fixed on the reciprocating swing rod, the reciprocating swing rod is hinged with the adjusting rod, the adjusting rod is hinged with the eccentric wheel, the reciprocating swing rod drives the weeding blade to reciprocate in the axial direction to cut off a weed root system and a soil surface soil guide pipe and reduce water evaporation, the axial direction is the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the machine, the spring is horizontally arranged and plays a role of floating and profiling on the weeding blade, the supporting rod plays a role of fixing and supporting on the weeding blade, and the adjusting rod is provided with an adjusting handle to prevent dead spots.

The field operation machine for intertillage, weeding, ridging and variable fertilization of millet is characterized in that: the intertillage hilling shovel is a composite shovel, the composite shovel consists of a shovel handle, a hilling shovel and a intertillage knife, the intertillage knife is in a sickle shape and has both the earthing function and the intertillage function, the root system of weeds belongs to a fibrous root system, the distribution range of the root system is in an umbrella shape, the root system belongs to the herbaceous department, the toughness is strong, the serrated weeding knife swings in an axial reciprocating manner, the weeding shovel is equivalent to a crank-slider mechanism and is used for shoveling weeds among ridges at one time, and the cutting range is larger than that of a linear movement cutting knife, under the drive of the machine, the serrated weeding knife moves along the advancing direction of the machine, the compound movement is realized, the root system is cut continuously, weeds cannot die, the reason that the roots are cut off by grass chopping is that the root system is removed, the intertillage knife cuts off a soil moisture conduit, the effects of resisting drought and preserving soil moisture are realized, the ground temperature is improved, the soil of the millet field after the intertillage of the intertillage knife has water and fire, the spring I plays a role in floating and profiling for the intertillage hilling shovel, and the spring II plays a role in floating and profiling for the furrow opener.

Compared with the prior art, the millet field operation machine has the beneficial effects of intertillage, weeding, ridging and variable fertilization.

1. The image collector can collect the millet leaf area in real time, the system calculates the amount of nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to be supplemented by calculating and comparing with the theoretical data of the leaf area in the same period, and the control system sends out an instruction to control the rotating speed of the motor and correspondingly control the supply amount of the outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor.

2. The reciprocating swing rod drives the serrated weeding cutter to move, so that the root system of the weeds and the soil surface soil guide pipe are cut off at a time, and the water evaporation is reduced.

3. The intertillage hilling shovel is a composite shovel and comprises a hilling shovel and an intertillage knife, the hilling shovel hills the roots of the millet, and the intertillage knife has the function of intertillage.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a field working machine for cultivating, weeding, ridging, variable fertilizing of millet.

Wherein in the figure: 1. the device comprises a frame 2, a leaf area image processor 3, a land wheel 4, a fertilizer guide pipe 5, a furrow opener 6, a serrated weeding knife 7, a reciprocating swinging rod 8, a ridging shovel 9, a intertillage knife 10, a spring I11, an eccentric wheel 12, an adjusting rod 13, a spring II 14, an outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharger 15, a driven sprocket 16, a driving sprocket 17 and a supporting rod.

Detailed Description

Example 1.

With reference to fig. 1, an intertillage, weeding, ridging and variable fertilization millet field operation machine comprises a frame 1, a variable fertilization mechanism, an intertillage ridging mechanism and a weeding mechanism, wherein the variable fertilization mechanism comprises a fertilizer box and an outer sheave fertilizer distributor 14, and adopts a cellular type fertilizer shaft, a chain, a driving sprocket 16, a driven sprocket 15, a control motor, a fertilizer guide pipe 4 and a furrow opener 5, wherein the fertilizer box is arranged at the uppermost part of the frame 1 and is a hollow cuboid, a plurality of rectangular through holes are arranged in the axial middle of the bottom surface, a fertilizer falling port of the cellular type outer sheave fertilizer distributor is matched with the rectangular through holes and is fixed on the bottom surface of the fertilizer box, the fertilizer shaft penetrates through a central hole of the cellular type outer sheave fertilizer distributor 14, the driven sprocket 15 is arranged on the fertilizer shaft, the frame 1 is provided with the control motor, a control system is connected with the control motor, an output shaft of the control motor is provided with the driving sprocket 16, a chain is hung on a driving chain wheel 16 and a driven chain wheel 15, a fertilizer shaft rotates a socket type outer sheave fertilizer distributor 14 to rotate, fertilizer enters a fertilizer guide pipe 4 from the socket type outer sheave fertilizer distributor 14, one end of the fertilizer guide pipe 4 is connected with the socket type outer sheave fertilizer distributor 14, the other end of the fertilizer guide pipe is connected with a furrow opener 5, the fertilizer enters the fertilizer guide pipe 4 from a fertilizer box through the socket type outer sheave fertilizer distributor 14 and finally enters the furrow opener 5 to fall into soil, the fertilizer adopts compound fertilizer containing N, P, K to supply power to a circuit in the system, a leaf area image processor 2 collects the leaf area of the millet in real time and compares the leaf area with the leaf area in the same period in a database in the system, when the actual leaf area is smaller than the theoretical value of the leaf area in the same period, the nutrient of the soil in the position is insufficient, the theoretical leaf area cannot be reached under the same illumination and moisture conditions of the whole land, nitrogen supplement is needed through the calculation of the system, Phosphorus and potassium nutrient quantity, the control system sends out an instruction to control the rotating speed of a control motor and correspondingly control the supply quantity of a pocket type outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharger 14, a leaf area image processor 2 is arranged at the front end of the rack 1 corresponding to each operation line, image acquisition and image data algorithm processing are adopted, analysis is carried out through MATLAB software and finite element software, the control system adopts PLC, the leaf area coefficient and the demand quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in different growth periods of millet are combined, the quantity which needs to be supplemented actually is calculated, a reciprocating zigzag weeding knife 6 with floating profile modeling is arranged on the rack 1, power is applied to an eccentric wheel 11, a intertillage hilling shovel is arranged on the rack 1, a weeding mechanism consists of a zigzag weeding knife 6, a spring, a reciprocating swing rod 7, an adjusting rod 12 and an eccentric wheel 11, the zigzag weeding knife 6 is fixed on the reciprocating swing rod 7, the reciprocating swing rod 7 is hinged with the adjusting rod 12, an adjusting rod 12 is hinged with an eccentric wheel 11, a reciprocating swing rod 7 drives a serrated weeding cutter 6, the serrated weeding cutter 6 is horizontally arranged and reciprocates in the axial direction to cut off a weed root system and a soil surface soil guide pipe and reduce water evaporation, the axial direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of a machine, the serrated weeding cutter 6 is horizontally arranged, a spring plays a role in floating and profiling the serrated weeding cutter 6, a supporting rod 17 plays a role in fixing and supporting the serrated weeding cutter 6, an intertillage hilling shovel is a composite shovel, the composite shovel comprises a shovel handle, a hilling shovel 8 and an intertillage knife 9, the intertillage knife 9 is in a sickle shape and has both a soil covering function and a intertillage function, a spring I10 plays a role in floating and profiling the composite shovel, three-point suspension points of a tractor are respectively connected with three-point suspension points on a frame 1 during operation to adjust intertillage, weed, fertilize, hille and variable components, the tractor is started to move along the advancing direction to drive the field operation machine for intertillage, weeding, ridging and variable fertilization to move along the operation line, the land wheels 3 play a role in supporting, supporting and limiting, and the components for intertillage, weeding, ridging and variable fertilization are orderly used for field operation.

Example 2.

With reference to fig. 1, an intertillage, weeding, ridging and variable fertilization millet field operation machine comprises a frame 1, a variable fertilization mechanism, an intertillage ridging mechanism and a weeding mechanism, wherein the variable fertilization mechanism is composed of a fertilizer discharging box and an outer grooved pulley fertilizer discharger 14, and adopts a groove type fertilizer discharging shaft, a chain, a driving sprocket 16, a driven sprocket 15, a control motor, a fertilizer guide pipe 4 and a furrow opener 5, wherein the fertilizer discharging box is arranged at the uppermost part of the frame 1 and is a hollow cuboid, a plurality of rectangular through holes are arranged in the middle of the axial direction of the bottom surface, a fertilizer falling opening of the groove type outer grooved pulley fertilizer discharger 14 is matched with the rectangular through holes and is fixed on the bottom surface of the fertilizer discharging box, the fertilizer discharging shaft penetrates through a central hole of the groove type outer grooved pulley fertilizer discharger 14, the driven sprocket 15 is arranged on the fertilizer discharging shaft, the frame 1 is provided with a control motor, the control system is connected with the control motor, a driving sprocket 16 is arranged on an output shaft of the control motor, the fertilizer feeding device comprises a chain, a fertilizer feeding shaft, a groove type outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor 14, a fertilizer guide pipe 4, a furrow opener 5, a fertilizer box, a fertilizer guide box 14, a furrow outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor 14, a fertilizer guide pipe 4, a furrow opener 5, a fertilizer application image processor, a data base and a leaf area image processor, wherein the chain is hung on a driving chain wheel 16 and a driven chain wheel 15, the fertilizer feeding shaft rotates the groove type outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor 14 to rotate, the fertilizer enters the fertilizer guide pipe 4 from the groove type outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor 14, one end of the fertilizer guide pipe 4 is connected with the groove type outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor 14, the other end of the fertilizer guide pipe is connected with the furrow opener 5, the fertilizer enters the fertilizer guide pipe 4 and finally falls into soil, the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer containing N, P, K and supplies power to a circuit in the system, the leaf area image processor collects the leaf area of the millet in real time and compares the leaf area of the same period in the data base, when the actual leaf area is smaller than the theoretical value of the leaf area of the same period, the soil nutrient is indicated, the condition that the soil nutrient is not enough when the illumination and the moisture condition of the whole land block is the same as the moisture condition, the theoretical area of the leaf area of the nitrogen needs to be supplemented, the nitrogen supplement is calculated by the system, Phosphorus and potassium nutrient quantity, the control system sends out an instruction to control the rotating speed of the control motor and correspondingly control the supply quantity of the groove type outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharger 14, a leaf area image processor 2 is arranged at the front end of the rack 1 corresponding to each operation line, the image acquisition and the image data algorithm processing are adopted, the control system adopts PLC (programmable logic controller), the leaf area coefficient and the demand quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in different growth periods of millet are combined, the quantity which needs to be supplemented actually is calculated, a reciprocating zigzag weeding knife 6 of floating profile modeling is arranged on the rack 1, power is applied to an eccentric wheel 11, a intertillage hilling shovel is arranged on the rack 1, a weeding mechanism consists of a zigzag weeding knife 6, a spring, a reciprocating swing rod 7, an adjusting rod 12 and an eccentric wheel 11, the zigzag weeding knife 6 is fixed on the reciprocating swing rod 7, the reciprocating swing rod 7 is hinged with the adjusting rod 12, an adjusting rod 12 is hinged with an eccentric wheel 11, a reciprocating swing rod 7 drives a serrated weeding cutter 6, the serrated weeding cutter 6 is horizontally arranged and reciprocates in the axial direction to cut off a weed root system and a soil surface soil guide pipe and reduce water evaporation, the axial direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of a machine, the serrated weeding cutter 6 is horizontally arranged, a spring plays a role in floating and profiling on the serrated weeding cutter 6, a supporting rod 17 plays a role in fixing and supporting the serrated weeding cutter 6, an intertillage hilling shovel is a composite shovel which comprises a shovel handle, a hilling shovel 8 and an intertillage knife 9, the intertillage knife 9 is in a sickle shape, the spring I10 plays a role in floating and profiling on the composite shovel and has both earthing and intertillage functions, during operation, three-point suspension points of a tractor are respectively connected with three-point suspension points on a machine frame 1 to adjust components of intertillage, weeding, hilling and variable fertilizing, the tractor is started to move along the advancing direction to drive the field operation machine for intertillage, weeding, ridging and variable fertilization to move along the operation line, the land wheels 3 play a role in supporting, supporting and limiting, and the components for intertillage, weeding, ridging and variable fertilization are orderly used for field operation.