阅读说明：本技术 一种鹅种蛋的孵化方法 (Hatching method of goose hatching eggs ) 是由 郭彬彬 赵兴飞 朱欢喜 戴子淳 施振旦 应诗家 邵西兵 姚德星 于 2021-09-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种鹅种蛋孵化方法,该方法在二次照蛋之前翻蛋角度以70±2°控制,在二次照蛋之后翻蛋角度则以60±2°控制,整个孵化周期内采用变角度翻蛋能够将二次照蛋后的胚胎死亡率降低至4.61％,并且该死亡率与50°的定角度翻蛋相比降低了近4％,与60°的定角度翻蛋相比降低了近1％,与70°的定角度相比降低了近2％。同时,受精蛋的孵化率依次较50°、60°、70°的定角度翻蛋提升了4.82％、1.60％、2.68％,健雏率依次提升了5.85％、1.76％、2.14％。可见,采用该方法进行鹅种蛋孵化对于提升孵化率、健雏率,降低二次照蛋后的胚胎死亡率有明显的效果。(The invention discloses a goose egg hatching method, which is characterized in that the egg turning angle is controlled at 70 +/-2 degrees before secondary egg lighting, the egg turning angle is controlled at 60 +/-2 degrees after secondary egg lighting, the embryo mortality rate after secondary egg lighting can be reduced to 4.61% by adopting variable-angle egg turning in the whole hatching period, the mortality rate is reduced by nearly 4% compared with that of 50-degree constant-angle egg turning, nearly 1% compared with that of 60-degree constant-angle egg turning and nearly 2% compared with that of 70-degree constant-angle egg turning. Meanwhile, the hatchability of the fertilized eggs is improved by 4.82%, 1.60% and 2.68% compared with the fixed-angle egg-turning of 50 degrees, 60 degrees and 70 degrees in sequence, and the healthy chick rate is improved by 5.85%, 1.76% and 2.14% in sequence. Therefore, the method for hatching the goose hatching eggs has obvious effects of improving the hatching rate and the healthy nestling rate and reducing the embryonic death rate after secondary egg exposure.)

1. A goose egg hatching method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting qualified hatching eggs, preheating at room temperature, placing the hatching eggs in a sterilized incubator with big heads upwards, immediately fumigating and sterilizing the hatching eggs, and then incubating;

(2) controlling the temperature and the relative humidity of the hatching environment in the whole hatching period, and turning eggs at a fixed frequency under a dark condition;

wherein the egg turning angle is controlled at 70 +/-2 degrees before the secondary egg lighting, and the egg turning angle is controlled at 60 +/-2 degrees after the secondary egg lighting;

(3) and spraying water at fixed frequency to cool the eggs in the later period of egg development.

2. The goose egg hatching method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the selection standard of the hatching eggs is that qualified hatching eggs are stored for 72 plus or minus 2 hours in an environment with the temperature of 20 plus or minus 1 ℃ and the humidity of 40-50%.

3. The goose egg hatching method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the hatching eggs are fumigated by using a mixture of potassium permanganate and formalin.

4. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the concentration of the mixture is controlled so that the mixture contains 60g potassium permanganate and 120ml formalin per 2.8 cubic meters of space volume.

5. A goose egg hatching method as claimed in claim 4, wherein fumigation is carried out at 20 ± 2 ℃ and 75 ± 2% relative humidity for 20 ± 2 min.

6. A goose egg hatching method as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5 wherein the fumigation is completed by circulating air inside and outside the incubator at intervals during the fumigation process and completely exhausting the fumigation gas from the incubator.

7. A goose egg hatching method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the temperature of the hatching environment is controlled to be 36.8-38.2 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 60-70%.

8. A goose egg hatching method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the temperature is controlled at 38.0-38.2 ℃ and the relative humidity is controlled at 65% on the 1 st-5 th day of hatching; on 6-15 days, controlling the temperature at 37.7-37.8 ℃ and the relative humidity at 60%; on 16 th to 23 th days, controlling the temperature to be 37.4 ℃ to 37.5 ℃ and controlling the relative humidity to be 62 percent; on 24-27 days, controlling the temperature at 37.0-37.2 ℃ and the relative humidity at 65%; and in 28 th to 30 th days, the temperature is controlled to be 36.8 to 37.4 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 70 percent.

9. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the frequency of turning the eggs is 2 h.

10. A goose egg hatching method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), hatching is carried out for 20-28 days, and eggs are cooled twice by spraying 38 ℃ water every day, and each time lasts for 5 +/-1 min.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry hatching, and particularly relates to a hatching method of goose hatching eggs.

Background

Poultry hatcheries originally originated in europe in the four and fifty years of the 19 th century. Currently, the internationally recognized first-class products are king united states, petersen, jameson in canada, and pearl in japan, respectively. These hatcheries are designed for the hatching of eggs, with a 45 ° front and rear egg-turning angle. In China, goose breeding accounts for more than 90% of the world, hatching of goose eggs is a great problem facing the industry, and the hatching rate is low and unstable due to the egg hatching method, and goose seedlings are poor in quality and light in weight. The goose eggs are larger than eggs, the weight of the goose eggs is 2 times that of the goose eggs, the egg white is thicker, and the proportion of the egg white and the egg yolk is larger. The characteristics of goose eggs determine that the hatching needs a larger egg turning angle, so that the egg white can be fully liquefied and absorbed.

The egg turning angle in the hatching process is increased from 45 degrees to 75 degrees, and the hatching performance of the goose eggs can be greatly improved by finding that the large-angle egg turning can be realized. Compared with the original 45-degree egg turning, the larger egg turning angle can improve the hatching rate of fertilized eggs of Yangzhou geese by 1.71 percent; the hatching rate of fertilized eggs of the Magang geese is improved by 2.48 percent, and the weak brooding rate is reduced by 1.54 percent; the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs of the lion-head goose is improved by 7.34 percent, and the hatching rate of the weak eggs is reduced by 2.08 percent. Although the hatching rate and the healthy chick rate are improved by turning the eggs at a large angle, further experiments show that the embryo death rate is still high after the eggs are irradiated for the second time (18-20 days), so that the hatching effect is not ideal (generally more than 90 percent) for chickens and ducks. Therefore, how to improve the embryo survival rate after secondary egg-lighting is an urgent problem to be solved in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a goose egg hatching method which can effectively improve the embryo survival rate after secondary egg lighting.

The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a goose egg hatching method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting qualified hatching eggs, preheating at room temperature, placing the hatching eggs in a sterilized incubator with big heads upwards, immediately fumigating and sterilizing the hatching eggs, and then incubating;

(2) controlling the temperature and the relative humidity of the hatching environment in the whole hatching period, and turning eggs at a fixed frequency under a dark condition;

wherein the egg turning angle is controlled at 70 +/-2 degrees before the secondary egg lighting, and the egg turning angle is controlled at 60 +/-2 degrees after the secondary egg lighting;

(3) and spraying water at fixed frequency to cool the eggs in the later period of egg development.

In the step (1), the selection standard of the hatching eggs is that qualified hatching eggs are stored for 72 +/-2 hours in an environment with the temperature of 20 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity of 40-50%.

In the step (1), the hatching eggs are fumigated and disinfected by adopting a mixture of potassium permanganate and formalin.

Specifically, the concentration of the mixture is controlled so that 60g of potassium permanganate and 120ml of formalin are contained in each 2.8 cubic meters of space volume.

Specifically, fumigating at 20 + -2 deg.C and 75 + -2% relative humidity for 20 + -2 min.

Specifically, air inside and outside the incubator is circulated at intervals in the fumigating process, and fumigating gas in the incubator is completely discharged after the fumigating is finished.

In the step (2), the temperature of the incubation environment is controlled to be 36.8-38.2 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 60-70%.

Preferably, the temperature is controlled to be 38.0-38.2 ℃ and the relative humidity is controlled to be 65% in 1-5 days of incubation; on 6-15 days, controlling the temperature at 37.7-37.8 ℃ and the relative humidity at 60%; on 16 th to 23 th days, controlling the temperature to be 37.4 ℃ to 37.5 ℃ and controlling the relative humidity to be 62 percent; on 24-27 days, controlling the temperature at 37.0-37.2 ℃ and the relative humidity at 65%; and in 28 th to 30 th days, the temperature is controlled to be 36.8 to 37.4 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled to be 70 percent.

In the step (2), the egg turning frequency is that the eggs are turned once every 2 hours.

And (3) hatching for 20-28 days, spraying water-cooled eggs at 38 ℃ twice every day, and keeping the time for 5 +/-1 min each time.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the egg turning angle is controlled at 70 +/-2 degrees before egg lighting for the second time, the egg turning angle is controlled at 60 +/-2 degrees after egg lighting for the second time, the variable-angle egg turning is adopted in the whole hatching process, the embryo death rate after egg lighting for the second time can be reduced to 4.61%, the death rate is reduced by nearly 4% compared with that of the egg turning with the fixed angle of 50 degrees, is reduced by nearly 1% compared with that of the egg turning with the fixed angle of 60 degrees, and is reduced by nearly 2% compared with that of the fixed angle of 70 degrees. Meanwhile, the hatchability of the fertilized eggs is improved by 4.82%, 1.60% and 2.68% compared with the fixed-angle egg-turning of 50 degrees, 60 degrees and 70 degrees in sequence, and the healthy chick rate is improved by 5.85%, 1.76% and 2.14% in sequence. Therefore, the method for hatching the goose hatching eggs has obvious effects of improving the hatching rate and the healthy nestling rate and reducing the embryonic death rate after secondary egg exposure.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

Five batches of tests are continuously carried out in 21 years, 3 months, 20 days to 7 months, 10 days, wherein 3456 qualified Yangzhou goose eggs are selected in each batch of tests, and the hatching process is as follows:

preheating hatching eggs at room temperature, placing the big ends upwards in a pre-sterilized incubator, and fumigating and sterilizing the hatching eggs after the hatching eggs are loaded. During fumigation, potassium permanganate with the purity of 95% and formalin with the concentration of 37% are used, and the ratio of potassium permanganate to formalin is 1: 2 mixing, the concentration of 3X (1X concentration means that 20g of potassium permanganate and 40ml of formalin are needed in each 2.8 cubic meters of space volume, the ratio is 1: 2), fumigating for 20 minutes at the temperature of 24 ℃ and the relative humidity of 75 percent, starting a fan every 5 minutes during fumigating, circulating air once, and starting an exhaust fan for 30 minutes after fumigating to remove odor.

During incubation, the temperature and relative humidity control within the incubator is shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 temperature and humidity settings at different incubation periods

Incubating under dark condition, turning the eggs once every 120min, turning the eggs at 70 degrees before the eggs are illuminated for the second time, and changing the angle of turning the eggs to 60 degrees after the eggs are illuminated for the second time. Until 28 days, and then the chicken is transferred to a hatching machine after 28 days.

Wherein, the eggs are taken for the first time at the 7 th day of incubation, and clear eggs and dead embryos are removed; performing secondary egg lighting on 18-20 days, and further removing dead embryos; spraying water for cooling egg for 2 times per day with water temperature of 38 deg.C for 5min for 20-28 days; and (5) counting the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs after hatching.

For comparison, four batches of goose hatching eggs are respectively hatched at fixed egg turning angles of 50 degrees, 60 degrees and 70 degrees, Yangzhou geese with the same source are also selected as the goose hatching eggs in the comparative example, and in order to compare different effects of the fixed-angle egg turning and the variable-angle egg turning, except for the egg turning angle, other hatching processes are basically consistent with those of the embodiment.

The results of hatching egg fertilization rate, fertilized egg hatching rate, healthy chick rate, embryonic mortality rate for 1 to 18 days, embryonic mortality rate for 19 to 30 days of the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 comparison of test results of examples and comparative examples

As shown in the table above, the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs by adopting the goose egg hatching method is improved by 4.82%, 1.60% and 2.68% in sequence compared with the constant-angle egg turning of 50 degrees, 60 degrees and 70 degrees, the healthy chick rate is improved by 5.85%, 1.76% and 2.14% in sequence, and the embryonic mortality (the mortality in 19-30 days) after secondary egg irradiation is reduced by 4.38%, 1.36% and 2.31% respectively. Therefore, the goose egg hatching method has obvious effects of improving the hatching rate and the healthy chick rate and reducing the embryonic death rate after secondary egg irradiation.