阅读说明：本技术 一种杂交中稻-再生稻配套专用肥及其施肥方法 (Special fertilizer matched with hybrid medium rice and ratoon rice and fertilizing method thereof ) 是由 徐富贤 周兴兵 张�林 蒋鹏 郭晓艺 朱永川 刘茂 熊洪 于 2021-09-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种杂交中稻-再生稻配套专用肥及其施肥方法,该专用肥包括头季稻底肥和再生稻粒芽肥；头季稻底肥包含N、P和K,并且N、P和K的质量之比为7～7.5：1.5～2.5：3.5～4.5；再生稻粒芽肥包含N和K,并且N和K的质量之比为6～7：3.5～4.5。该专用肥的施肥方法如下：于头季稻移栽前将头季稻底肥按23.5～28kg/亩的用量一次性施入田间即可；于头季稻齐穗期将再生稻粒芽肥按19～22.5kg/亩的用量一次性施入田间即可。本发明的专用肥及其施肥方法适用于90％以上的冬水田,在保证产量的同时,能够有效节省肥料投入,采用两季共施2次肥的施肥方式,减少施肥次数,能够有效节省施肥人工费。(The invention discloses a special fertilizer matched with hybrid middle-season rice and ratoon rice and a fertilizing method thereof, wherein the special fertilizer comprises a first season rice base fertilizer and a ratoon rice grain bud fertilizer; the first season rice base fertilizer comprises N, P and K, wherein the mass ratio of N, P to K is 7-7.5: 1.5-2.5: 3.5 to 4.5; the regenerated rice grain sprout fertilizer comprises N and K, wherein the mass ratio of N to K is 6-7: 3.5 to 4.5. The fertilizing method of the special fertilizer comprises the following steps: applying base fertilizer of first cropping rice to fields at one time according to the dosage of 23.5-28 kg/mu before transplanting the first cropping rice; and (3) applying the regenerated rice grain bud fertilizer into the field once according to the dosage of 19-22.5 kg/mu in the head season rice heading period. The special fertilizer and the fertilizing method thereof are suitable for more than 90% of winter paddy fields, the fertilizer input can be effectively saved while the yield is ensured, the fertilizing mode of applying 2 times of fertilizer in two seasons is adopted, the fertilizing times are reduced, and the labor cost of fertilizing can be effectively saved.)

1. A special fertilizer matched with hybrid middle-season rice and ratoon rice is characterized by comprising a first season rice base fertilizer and a ratoon rice grain bud fertilizer; the first season rice base fertilizer comprises N, P and K, wherein the mass ratio of N, P to K is 7-7.5: 1.5-2.5: 3.5 to 4.5; the regenerated rice grain bud fertilizer comprises N and K, wherein the mass ratio of N to K is 6-7: 3.5 to 4.5.

2. The special fertilizer for hybrid oryza sativa-ratoon rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of N, P to K in the first cropping rice base fertilizer is 7.25: 2: 4; the mass ratio of N to K in the regenerated rice grain sprout fertilizer is 6.5: 4.

3. the special fertilizer for hybrid mid-season rice and ratoon rice as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the N is provided by urea, ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride, the P is provided by monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate, and the K is provided by potassium chloride.

4. The special fertilizer for hybrid medium rice-ratoon rice as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first cropping rice base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:

15-16 parts of urea with the N content of 46.3 percent, and P₂O₅2.5-4.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate with the content of 55 percent, and K₂6-7.5 parts of potassium chloride with the O content of 60%;

the regenerated rice grain sprout fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:

13-15 parts of urea with 46.3% of N, and K₂6-7.5 parts of potassium chloride with the O content of 60%.

5. The special fertilizer for hybrid medium rice-ratoon rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first cropping rice base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:

15 portions of urea containing 46.3 percent of N, P₂O₅3.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate with the content of 55 percent, K₂6.5 parts of potassium chloride with the O content of 60 percent;

the regenerated rice grain sprout fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:

13.5 portions of urea containing 46.3 percent of N, K₂6.5 portions of potassium chloride with the O content of 60 percent.

6. The method for applying a fertilizer to hybrid mid-season rice and ratoon rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: applying base fertilizer of first cropping rice to fields at one time according to the dosage of 23.5-28 kg/mu before transplanting the first cropping rice; and (3) applying the regenerated rice grain bud fertilizer into the field once according to the dosage of 19-22.5 kg/mu in the head season rice heading period.

7. The method for applying the fertilizer special for hybrid medium rice-ratoon rice as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: the using amount of the first season rice base fertilizer is 25 kg/mu, and the using amount of the regeneration rice grain bud fertilizer is 20 kg/mu.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer matched with hybrid medium rice and ratoon rice and a fertilizing method thereof.

Background

In a winter water (dry) field area with the elevation of 380 meters below the elevation of a Sichuan basin (containing Chongqing city), rice is planted for about 600 ten thousand mu in a 'hybrid mid-season rice-ratoon rice' planting mode all the year round, and the yield of first season rice is 600 kg per mu and the yield of ratoon rice is 150 kg per mu and 200 kg per mu. The high-yield cultivation technology comprises the following steps: selecting hybrid medium-season strong regenerated rice varieties, planting the hybrid medium-season strong regenerated rice in a field with the planting density of 1.0-1.25 ten thousand holes per mu, reasonably managing fertilizer and water, strengthening the prevention and control of sheath blight, keeping the pile height of first-season rice at 33-35cm and the like, wherein the fertilization management is one of core technologies for realizing high yield of the first-season rice and the regenerated rice in two seasons.

The high-yield fertilization technology of the current planting mode of hybrid medium rice-ratoon rice is as follows: applying N8-10 kg per mu of first season rice, including first season rice base fertilizer applied before transplanting, tillering fertilizer applied 7-10 days after transplanting, and flowering-maintaining fertilizer applied in the birth stage of 2 leaves; n6.95 kilograms of the compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of the ratoon rice, and the compound fertilizer comprises a bud promoting fertilizer applied 10-15 days after the first cropping rice is flush with the ears and a seedling growing fertilizer applied on the same day as the first cropping rice is harvested or the next day. The main problems of the high-yield fertilization technology are as follows: firstly, compared with a paddy field with the total paddy yield of 750-800 kg/mu in two seasons, the total nitrogen application amount is higher and reaches 14.95-16.95 kg/mu, and especially the nitrogen application amount of the ratoon rice reaches 6.95 kg/mu; secondly, the fertilization times are as many as 5, and the labor cost of fertilization is high.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a special fertilizer matched with hybrid middle-season rice and ratoon rice and a fertilizing method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of excessive nitrogen application amount, excessive fertilizing times and higher labor cost.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: provides a special fertilizer matched with hybrid medium rice and ratoon rice, which comprises a first cropping rice base fertilizer and a ratoon rice grain bud fertilizer; the first season rice base fertilizer comprises N, P and K, wherein the mass ratio of N, P to K is 7-7.5: 1.5-2.5: 3.5 to 4.5; the regenerated rice grain sprout fertilizer comprises N and K, wherein the mass ratio of N to K is 6-7: 3.5 to 4.5.

The N fertilizer is mainly used for promoting flourishing trees, increasing chlorophyll and enhancing the vegetative growth. Too much nitrogen fertilizer can cause soft tissue, overgrowth of stem and leaves, easy invasion of diseases and pests and reduced cold resistance. Lack of nitrogen fertilizer results in thin and small plant, yellow green leaves, slow growth and no blooming.

P₂O₅The yield of crops can be increased, the quality of the crops is improved, the tillering of the action of grains is accelerated, and the full seeds are promoted; promoting the cotton, melon, solanaceous vegetables and fruit trees to bloom and bear fruits, and improving the fruiting rate; increasing sugar content of beet, sugarcane, watermelon, etc.; oil content of rapeseed.

K₂O can ensure that the soil keeps higher potassium fertility, is the basis of high and stable yield of crops, can enhance the stress resistance of the crops and enables the crops to grow healthily, and because the potassium is fully supplied, the root system of the plants is better developed, and the plants can absorb water from the soil; the osmotic pressure of cell sap can be improved, the elasticity of cell walls is kept, and the loss of water is reduced; the quality of crops can be improved, because the potassium can promote photosynthesis, improve the photosynthetic efficiency and promote the transportation of photosynthetic products; when the potassium is sufficient, the synthesis of starch can be promoted, and the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by crops can be promoted, so that the synthesis of protein is realized.

The invention is regulated N, P₂O₅、K₂The dosage and the proportion of O are combined with the soil quality of soil and the growth requirements of rice in different periods, so that the matched special fertilizer suitable for the planting mode of hybrid mid-season rice and ratoon rice is prepared, the yield is ensured, meanwhile, the fertilizer is not wasted, and the cost is saved.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.

Further, the mass ratio of N, P to K in the first cropping rice base fertilizer is 7.25: 2: 4; the mass ratio of N to K in the regenerated rice grain sprout fertilizer is 6.5: 4.

further, N is provided by urea, ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride, P is provided by mono-or di-ammonium phosphate, and K is provided by potassium chloride.

Further, the first cropping rice base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:

15-16 parts of urea with the N content of 46.3 percent, and P₂O₅2.5-4.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate with the content of 55 percent, and K₂6-7.5 parts of potassium chloride with the O content of 60%;

the regenerated rice grain sprout fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:

13-15 parts of urea with 46.3% of N, and K₂6-7.5 parts of potassium chloride with the O content of 60%.

Further, the first cropping rice base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:

15 portions of urea containing 46.3 percent of N, P₂O₅3.5 parts of monoammonium phosphate with the content of 55 percent, K₂6.5 parts of potassium chloride with the O content of 60 percent;

the regenerated rice grain sprout fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:

13.5 portions of urea containing 46.3 percent of N, K₂6.5 portions of potassium chloride with the O content of 60 percent.

The invention also provides a fertilizing method of the special fertilizer matched with the hybrid middle-season rice and the ratoon rice, wherein the base fertilizer of the first-season rice is applied to the field once according to the dosage of 23.5-28 kg/mu before the first-season rice is transplanted; and (3) applying the regenerated rice grain bud fertilizer into the field once according to the dosage of 19-22.5 kg/mu in the head season rice heading period.

Furthermore, the base fertilizer consumption of the first season rice is 25 kg/mu, and the grain bud fertilizer consumption of the ratoon rice is 20 kg/mu.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. saving fertilizer: the special fertilizer can realize the yield of the hybrid mid-season rice-regenerated rice in two seasons of about 800 kg/mu by matching with other high-yield cultivation technologies, is equivalent to the yield of the current large-area popularization high-yield cultivation technology, and can reduce N1.2-3.2 kg/mu and P₂O₅2.5-3.5 kg/mu, K₂O0-2 kg/mu, saving fertilizer input by 8-15 yuan/mu.

2. Labor saving: the first season rice base fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizer before the rice is transplanted, the regenerated rice grain bud fertilizer is applied in the head season of the first season rice, and the secondary rice and the regenerated rice are applied for 2 times in two seasons, so that compared with the traditional high-yield fertilization technology, the fertilization is reduced by 3 times, and the labor cost of fertilization per mu is saved by more than 60 yuan.

3. The method is applicable to the following steps: the special fertilizer is suitable for more than 90 percent of winter paddy fields, and solves the fertilizing problem that farmers cannot master the high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizing amount of rice in large-area production of rice due to different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of various compound fertilizers in the market.

Detailed Description

The following describes in detail embodiments of the present invention.

Example 1

A special fertilizer matched with hybrid middle-season rice and ratoon rice comprises a first season rice base fertilizer and a ratoon rice grain bud fertilizer; the first cropping rice base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:

15 portions of urea containing 46.3 percent of N and P₂O₅3.5 portions of 55 percent monoammonium phosphate containing K₂6.5 parts of O60% potassium chloride;

the regenerated rice grain sprout fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:

13.5 portions of urea containing 46.3 percent of N and K₂6.5 portions of O60 percent potassium chloride.

The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: applying the base fertilizer of the first cropping rice to the field once according to the dosage of 25 kg/mu before transplanting the first cropping rice; the regenerated rice grain bud fertilizer is applied to the field once according to the dosage of 20 kg/mu in the head season rice full heading period.

Example 2

A special fertilizer matched with hybrid middle-season rice and ratoon rice comprises a first season rice base fertilizer and a ratoon rice grain bud fertilizer; the first cropping rice base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:

15 kg of N46.3% urea, P₂O₅55% monoammonium phosphate 2.5kg, containing K₂6 kg of O60% potassium chloride;

the regenerated rice grain sprout fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:

13 kg of urea containing 46.3% of N and K₂O60% potassium chloride 6 kg.

The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: applying the base fertilizer of the first cropping rice to the field once according to the dosage of 23.5 kg/mu before transplanting the first cropping rice; the regenerated rice grain bud fertilizer is applied to the field once according to the dosage of 19 kg/mu in the head season rice heading period.

Example 3

A special fertilizer matched with hybrid middle-season rice and ratoon rice comprises a first season rice base fertilizer and a ratoon rice grain bud fertilizer; the first cropping rice base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:

16 kg of urea containing 46.3% of N and P₂O₅55% monoammonium phosphate 4.5 kg, containing K₂7.5 kg of O60% potassium chloride;

the regenerated rice grain sprout fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:

15 kg of N46.3% urea, K₂7.5 kg of O60% potassium chloride.

The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: applying the base fertilizer of the first cropping rice to the field once according to the dosage of 28 kg/mu before transplanting the first cropping rice; the regenerated rice grain bud fertilizer is applied to the field once in the head season rice full heading period according to the dosage of 22.5 kg/mu.

Comparative example 1

The total N amount of the medium rice-the regenerated rice in two seasons is 10 kg/mu, and the total P₂O₅5 kg/mu, total K₂The O amount is 8 kg/mu, wherein the N amount is as follows: and (3) fertilizing the tillers: ear fertilization: promoting bud fertilizer: the fertilizer for the seedling is 3.0:1.5:1.0 (first season) and 3.0:1.5 (regeneration).

The physical quantity converted into the fertilizer according to the components is selected from the following substances:

21.5 kg of urea containing 46.3% of N and P₂O₅9kg of 55% monoammonium phosphate containing K₂O60% potassium chloride 13 kg.

The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the base fertilizer is applied to the field once before transplanting, the tillering fertilizer is applied to the field once 7-10 days after transplanting, the spike fertilizer is applied to the field once in the birth phase of 2-leaf inversion, the germination promoting fertilizer is applied to the field once 10-15 days after the first season rice is flush with the spike, and the seedling growing fertilizer is applied to the field once on the day of harvesting the first season rice.

Comparative example 2

The total N amount of the medium rice-the regenerated rice in two seasons is 14 kg/mu, and the total P₂O₅5 kg/mu, total K₂The O amount is 8 kg/mu, wherein the N amount is as follows: and (3) fertilizing the tillers: ear of grainFertilizer: promoting bud fertilizer: the fertilizer for the seedling is 3.0:1.5:1.0 (first season) and 3.0:1.5 (regeneration).

The physical quantity converted into the fertilizer according to the components is selected from the following substances:

30 kg of urea containing 46.3% of N and total P₂O₅9kg of 55% monoammonium phosphate containing K₂O60% potassium chloride 13 kg.

The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the base fertilizer is applied to the field once before transplanting, the tillering fertilizer is applied to the field once 7-10 days after transplanting, the spike fertilizer is applied to the field once in the birth phase of 2-leaf inversion, the germination promoting fertilizer is applied to the field once 10-15 days after the first season rice is flush with the spike, and the seedling growing fertilizer is applied to the field once on the day of harvesting the first season rice.

Comparative example 3

The total N amount of the medium rice-the regenerated rice in two seasons is 18 kg/mu, and the total P₂O₅5 kg/mu, total K₂The O amount is 8 kg/mu, wherein the N amount is as follows: and (3) fertilizing the tillers: ear fertilization: promoting bud fertilizer: the fertilizer for the seedling is 3.0:1.5:1.0 (first season) and 3.0:1.5 (regeneration).

The physical quantity converted into the fertilizer according to the components is selected from the following substances:

39 kg of N46.3% urea, P₂O₅9kg of 55% monoammonium phosphate containing K₂O60% potassium chloride 13 kg.

The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the base fertilizer is applied to the field once before transplanting, the tillering fertilizer is applied to the field once 7-10 days after transplanting, the spike fertilizer is applied to the field once in the birth phase of 2-leaf inversion, the germination promoting fertilizer is applied to the field once 10-15 days after the first season rice is flush with the spike, and the seedling growing fertilizer is applied to the field once on the day of harvesting the first season rice.

Comparative example 4

The total N amount of the medium rice-the regenerated rice in two seasons is 22 kg/mu, and the total P₂O₅5 kg/mu, total K₂The O amount is 8 kg/mu, wherein the N amount is as follows: and (3) fertilizing the tillers: ear fertilization: promoting bud fertilizer: the fertilizer for the seedling is 3.0:1.5:1.0 (first season) and 3.0:1.5 (regeneration).

The physical quantity converted into the fertilizer according to the components is selected from the following substances:

47.5 kg of urea containing 46.3% of N and P₂O₅9kg of 55% monoammonium phosphate containing K₂O60% potassium chloride 13 kg.

The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the base fertilizer is applied to the field once before transplanting, the tillering fertilizer is applied to the field once 7-10 days after transplanting, the spike fertilizer is applied to the field once in the birth phase of 2-leaf inversion, the germination promoting fertilizer is applied to the field once 10-15 days after the first season rice is flush with the spike, and the seedling growing fertilizer is applied to the field once on the day of harvesting the first season rice.

In order to verify the application effect of the special fertilizer matched with the hybrid middle-season rice and the ratoon rice and the application method thereof, in 6 places of 4 grade cities of Luzhou, Yibin, Nenjiang and Yunqui representing the main production area of Sichuan ratoon rice in 2020, large-area same-field comparison tests with different nitrogen application levels are carried out by selecting paddy fields with uniform soil texture and medium-grade fertility in the same winter.

2 hybrid medium rice varieties of 'inner 6 excellent 107' (high-quality type) and 'Rong 18 excellent 1015' (common type) which are popularized in a large area are taken as materials. Sowing according to local perennial high-yield sowing periods (5-10 days in 3 months) of each test point, cultivating the seedlings in the ground film in a wet mode, transplanting 4.5 leaves with the leaf age, and transplanting the seedlings with the specification of 30cm multiplied by 20cm and two plants per hole. Large area comparison was carried out, each area being 70m²And the fission is designed, wherein the variety is taken as a main area, and the fertilization treatment is taken as a secondary area. The width of the walkway between the cells is 35cm, the width of the walkway between the blocks is 45 cm, and the periphery of each block is isolated by a plastic plate special for a field fertilizer test. The height of the cut pile of the first season rice is 35cm, and the cultivation management outside the test is the same as large-area production. The actual production is collected in the mature period of the first season rice and the regeneration rice respectively, and the yield is converted into the standard yield according to the moisture content of 13.5 percent.

TABLE 1 yield performance (kg/mu) of hybrid oryza sativa-ratoon rice using examples and comparative examples

The yield data in the table 1 are analyzed, the yield difference between different fertilization treatments is extremely obvious, the yield difference between the hybrid medium rice and the ratoon rice matched special fertilizer and the fertilization method thereof and the yield difference between the fertilization nitrogen of 14 kg/mu, 18 kg/mu and 22 kg/mu are not obvious, but the yield is obviously increased compared with the fertilization nitrogen of 10 kg/mu. The results show that the special fertilizer for the hybrid medium rice-ratoon rice and the nitrogen application of 14 kg/mu are 2 high-yield and high-efficiency treatments of the test, and the first-season rice, the ratoon rice and the total yield of the two seasons are consistent. Therefore, the special fertilizer matched with the hybrid middle-season rice and the ratoon rice and the fertilizing method thereof have the advantages that the yield is remarkably increased compared with the 5-time N10 kg/mu application, the yield is equivalent to the 5-time nitrogen application with the N amount of 14-22 kg/mu, and the characteristics of high yield and high-efficiency nitrogen utilization are verified.

While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should not be construed as limited to the scope of the patent. Various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive step within the scope of the appended claims.