阅读说明：本技术 一种金属抛光方法 (Metal polishing method ) 是由 蔡汉伟 于 2021-09-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种金属抛光方法,包括：步骤S1,采用温和的电解条件对被抛光工件进行水溶液电解抛光,使被抛光工件的表面达到初步光亮度；步骤S2,采用圆球状固体的电解质对表面达到初步光亮度的被抛光工件进行复合电解抛光,使被抛光工件的表面达到最终的镜面光亮度。本发明一方面在相对温和的电解条件下对被抛光工件进行初步抛光,使其表面达到一定的光亮度,减轻后续复合电解抛光的工作量和难度,也更加环保；另一方面采用圆球状固体的电解质进行复合电解抛光,使机械作用和电解作用在同一点同时起作用,具有初步光亮度的被抛光工件表面的微观粗糙处能够得到整平,最终得到镜面光亮度的表面。(The invention discloses a metal polishing method, which comprises the following steps: step S1, performing aqueous solution electrolytic polishing on the polished workpiece under mild electrolytic conditions to ensure that the surface of the polished workpiece reaches initial brightness; and step S2, performing composite electrolytic polishing on the polished workpiece with the surface reaching the initial brightness by adopting spherical solid electrolyte to ensure that the surface of the polished workpiece reaches the final mirror surface brightness. On one hand, the invention carries out primary polishing on the polished workpiece under relatively mild electrolytic conditions, so that the surface of the workpiece reaches certain brightness, the workload and the difficulty of subsequent composite electrolytic polishing are reduced, and the invention is more environment-friendly; on the other hand, the spherical solid electrolyte is adopted for composite electrolytic polishing, so that the mechanical action and the electrolytic action are simultaneously acted at the same point, the microcosmic rough part of the surface of the polished workpiece with primary brightness can be leveled, and the surface with mirror surface brightness is finally obtained.)

1. A metal polishing method, comprising:

step S1, performing aqueous solution electrolytic polishing on the polished workpiece under mild electrolytic conditions to ensure that the surface of the polished workpiece reaches initial brightness;

and step S2, performing composite electrolytic polishing on the polished workpiece with the surface reaching the initial brightness by adopting spherical solid electrolyte to ensure that the surface of the polished workpiece reaches the final mirror surface brightness.

2. The metal polishing method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the mild electrolysis conditions in the step S1 specifically include: the electrolyte adopts salt, and the concentration is 1-50%; pH value of the aqueous solution: 5-9.

3. The metal polishing method according to claim 2, wherein the salt includes any one of: neutral salts, strong acid and weak base salts, and strong base and weak acid salts.

4. The metal polishing method as set forth in claim 2, wherein the mild electrolysis condition in step S1 further comprises: the electrolysis temperature is as follows: 30-80 ℃; anode: a workpiece to be polished; cathode: a conductive material; anode current density: 10-200A/dm²(ii) a And (3) electrolysis time: 10s-10 min.

5. According to claim 1The metal polishing method is characterized in that the electrolyte of the spherical solid in the step S2 is specifically the electrolyte with the conductivity of 1-1000 S.m^-1And a spherical solid electrolyte with a particle size of 0.01-0.5 cm.

6. The metal polishing method according to claim 5, wherein the electrolyte of the spherical solid includes any one of: conductive high polymer, porous ceramic, porous high polymer, molecular sieve and porous silica gel.

7. The metal polishing method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the electrolysis condition of step S2 specifically includes: anode: a workpiece to be polished; anode current density: 1-50A/dm²(ii) a The electrolysis temperature is as follows: 0 to 80 ℃; and (3) electrolysis time: 10min-1 h; the relative moving speed of the electrolyte of the spherical solid and the polished workpiece is 0.1cm/s-50 cm/s.

8. The metal polishing method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the initial brightness corresponds to a surface roughness Ra value of 0.5 to 0.1 μm, and the specular brightness corresponds to a surface roughness Ra value of 0.05 to 0.012 μm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing, in particular to a metal polishing method.

Background

At present, many metal products or workpieces are required to achieve mirror-surface bright surfaces, and the effect is difficult to achieve by the existing single electrolytic polishing. Moreover, the conventional electrolytic polishing techniques mostly adopt harsh electrolytic conditions, such as strong acidity, strong basicity and high pollution (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chromic anhydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.).

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a metal polishing method, which can obtain a mirror bright surface under mild conditions.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a metal polishing method, comprising:

step S1, performing aqueous solution electrolytic polishing on the polished workpiece under mild electrolytic conditions to ensure that the surface of the polished workpiece reaches initial brightness;

and step S2, performing composite electrolytic polishing on the polished workpiece with the surface reaching the initial brightness by adopting spherical solid electrolyte to ensure that the surface of the polished workpiece reaches the final mirror surface brightness.

Further, the mild electrolysis conditions in step S1 specifically include: the electrolyte adopts salt, and the concentration is 1-50%; pH value of the aqueous solution: 5-9.

Further, the salts include any one of the following: neutral salts, strong acid and weak base salts, and strong base and weak acid salts.

Further, the mild electrolysis conditions in step S1 further include: the electrolysis temperature is as follows: 30-80 ℃; anode: a workpiece to be polished; cathode: a conductive material; anode current density: 10-200A/dm²(ii) a And (3) electrolysis time: 10s-10 min.

Further, the electrolyte of the spherical solid in the step S2 is specifically an electrolyte having an electric conductivity of 1 to 1000 S.m^-1And a spherical solid electrolyte with a particle size of 0.01-0.5 cm.

Further, the electrolyte of the spherical solid body includes any one of the following: conductive high polymer, porous ceramic, porous high polymer, molecular sieve and porous silica gel.

Further, the electrolysis conditions of step S2 specifically include: anode: a workpiece to be polished; anode current density: 1-50A/dm²(ii) a The electrolysis temperature is as follows: 0 to 80 ℃; and (3) electrolysis time: 10min-1 h; the relative moving speed of the electrolyte of the spherical solid and the polished workpiece is 0.1cm/s-50 cm/s.

Further, the Ra value of the surface roughness corresponding to the initial brightness is 0.5-0.1 μm, and the Ra value of the surface roughness corresponding to the mirror brightness is 0.05-0.012 μm.

The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, through two stages of aqueous solution electrolytic polishing and electrolyte composite electrolytic polishing of spherical solid, on one hand, the workpiece to be polished is initially polished under relatively mild electrolytic conditions, so that the surface of the workpiece reaches certain brightness, the workload and difficulty of subsequent composite electrolytic polishing are reduced, and the polishing process is more environment-friendly; on the other hand, the spherical solid electrolyte is adopted for composite electrolytic polishing, so that the mechanical action and the electrolytic action are simultaneously acted at the same point, the microcosmic rough part of the surface of the polished workpiece with primary brightness can be leveled, and the surface with mirror surface brightness is finally obtained.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a metal polishing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings, which are included to illustrate specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced.

As mentioned above, the single aqueous solution electrolytic polishing is difficult to level the micro-roughness and achieve the mirror bright surface of the workpiece to be polished due to the current density at various positions on the surface of the workpiece to be polished; the common composite electrolytic polishing completely separates the mechanical action from the electrolytic action, and is difficult to level the micro-roughness and achieve the mirror surface brightness effect of the polished workpiece. The invention combines the characteristics of single electrolytic polishing and composite electrolytic polishing, and solves the problem that the surface of metal and alloy in the field of electrolytic polishing requires mirror surface brightness.

Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the invention provides a metal polishing method, including:

step S1, performing aqueous solution electrolytic polishing on the polished workpiece under mild electrolytic conditions to ensure that the surface of the polished workpiece reaches initial brightness;

and step S2, performing composite electrolytic polishing on the polished workpiece with the surface reaching the initial brightness by adopting spherical solid electrolyte to ensure that the surface of the polished workpiece reaches the final mirror surface brightness.

Specifically, the step S1 is to perform aqueous solution electropolishing on the workpiece to be polished, so that the surface of the workpiece has a certain brightness, thereby reducing the workload and difficulty of subsequent composite electropolishing and being more environment-friendly. In the present embodiment, the mild electrolysis conditions are mainly relative to the strong alkalinity and high pollution of the strong acid in the prior art, specifically: the electrolyte adopts salts, such as neutral salts, strong acid and weak base salts, and strong base and weak acid salts, with the concentration of 1-50%; pH value of the aqueous solution: 5-9. Other electrolysis conditions also include: the electrolysis temperature is as follows: 30-80 ℃; anode: the workpiece to be polished is a metal material (including alloys), such as iron and iron alloys, copper and copper alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, and the like; cathode: materials capable of conducting electricity, such as copper, graphite, titanium, stainless steel, and the like; anode current density: 10-200A/dm²(ii) a And (3) electrolysis time: 10s-10 min.

And then, in step S2, the polished workpiece polished in the first step of step S1 is subjected to composite electrolytic polishing by adopting spherical solid electrolyte, so that the mechanical action and the electrolytic action act at the same point, the microscopic roughness of the surface of the polished workpiece with the primary brightness can be leveled, and the surface with the mirror surface brightness can be finally obtained.

It should be noted that, for the preliminary brightness obtained in step S1 and the mirror brightness obtained in step S2, the present embodiment is characterized by using the Ra value of the surface roughness, and as an example, the Ra value of the surface roughness corresponding to the preliminary brightness is 0.5-0.1 μm, and the Ra value of the surface roughness corresponding to the mirror brightness is 0.05-0.012 μm.

Specifically, the composite electrolysis conditions of step S2 are: electrolyte: conductivity of 1-1000 S.m^-1In the form of spherical solids, e.g. solid electrolytes, conductive polymers, porous ceramics, porous polymersMolecular sieve, porous silica gel, etc. with particle size of 0.01-0.5 cm; anode: a workpiece to be polished; anode current density: 1-50A/dm²(ii) a The electrolysis temperature is as follows: 0 to 80 ℃; and (3) electrolysis time: 10min-1 h. It should be noted that the electrolyte of the spherical solid and the polished workpiece move relatively in the electrolytic process, and the relative moving speed is 0.1cm/s-50 cm/s.

The invention is further illustrated below by means of a number of specific application examples.

Specific application example 1: firstly, step S1 is executed, the stainless steel product (workpiece to be polished) to be polished is fixed on the anode, and is put into the sodium acetate solution with the concentration of 5% for electrolysis, and the solution pH value: 7.5-8.5; the electrolysis temperature is as follows: 40 ℃; anode current density: 10A/dm²(ii) a And (3) electrolysis time: 10 min; cathode: and (4) putting the copper into water for cleaning after the electrolysis is finished. Then, step S2 is performed to put the stainless steel product as an anode into a state of an electric conductivity of 100 S.m^-1In the porous silica gel of (2), the silica gel particle diameter is 0.1cm, the electrolysis temperature: 50 ℃, anode current density: 10A/dm²(ii) a And (3) electrolysis time: 20 min; cathode: a titanium alloy; relative movement speed of stainless steel product and silica gel: 1 cm/s.

Specific application example 2: firstly, step S1 is executed, a cobalt-chromium alloy dental tray (workpiece to be polished) to be polished is fixed on an anode, and is put into a 10% sodium oxalate solution for electrolysis, and the pH value of the solution is: 7.0-8.0; the electrolysis temperature is as follows: 50 ℃, anode current density: 80A/dm²(ii) a And (3) electrolysis time: 5 min; cathode: and (4) after electrolysis, putting the brass into water for cleaning. Then, step S2 is executed to put the cobalt-chromium alloy dental tray as an anode into the dental tray with the conductivity of 50S m^-1The porous resin of (4), the particle diameter of the resin being 0.05cm, the electrolysis temperature: 40 ℃, anode current density: 5A/dm²And the electrolysis time is as follows: 30 min; cathode: copper; relative movement speed of tray and resin: 2 cm/s.

Specific application example 3: firstly, step S1 is executed, the chrome steel die cavity (workpiece to be polished) to be polished is fixed on the anode, and is put into the sodium citrate solution with the concentration of 15% for electrolysis, and the solution pH value is: 7.0-8.0; the electrolysis temperature is as follows: 60 ℃; anode current density: 100A/dm²(ii) a And (3) electrolysis time: 3 min; cathode electrode: and (5) graphite, and putting the graphite into water for cleaning after the electrolysis is finished. Then, step S2 is executed, and the chromium steel die cavity is used as an anode and is placed into the die cavity with the conductivity of 30S m^-1In the molecular sieve (2), the particle diameter of the molecular sieve is 0.01cm, and the electrolysis temperature is as follows: 80 ℃, anode current density: 20A/dm²(ii) a And (3) electrolysis time: 10 min; cathode: nickel, relative movement speed of the mold cavity and the molecular sieve: 5 cm/s.

Specific application example 4: firstly, step S1 is executed, the aluminum alloy solar reflector (polished workpiece) to be polished is fixed on the anode, and is put into sodium bicarbonate solution with 20% concentration for electrolysis, and the solution pH value is: 7.0-8.0; the electrolysis temperature is as follows: 30 ℃, anode current density: 50A/dm²(ii) a And (3) electrolysis time: 8 min; cathode: and (5) titanium, and after the electrolysis is finished, putting the titanium into water for cleaning. Then step S2 is executed, the aluminum alloy solar energy reflecting plate is used as an anode and is placed into the solar energy reflecting plate with the conductivity of 150S m^-1In the polyacetylene (2), the particle diameter of the polyacetylene is 0.5cm, the electrolysis temperature is: 30 ℃, anode current density: 15A/dm²(ii) a And (3) electrolysis time: 40 min; cathode: relative moving speed of aluminum alloy, reflector and polyacetylene: 10 cm/s.

Specific application example 5: firstly, step S1 is executed, the medical titanium alloy reflective mirror (workpiece to be polished) to be polished is fixed on the anode, and is put into a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a concentration of 25% for electrolysis, and the solution pH value: 5.0-7.0; the electrolysis temperature is as follows: 70 ℃; anode current density: 10A/dm²(ii) a And (3) electrolysis time: 10 min; cathode: and (5) stainless steel is put into water for cleaning after electrolysis. Then, step S2 is performed to put the medical titanium alloy reflective mirror as an anode into a conductivity of 200S · m^-1In the porous ceramic of (2), the particle size of the ceramic is 0.2 cm; the electrolysis temperature is as follows: 60 ℃, anode current density: 30A/dm²(ii) a And (3) electrolysis time: 50 min; cathode: stainless steel, relative moving speed of the mirror and the ceramic: 8 cm/s.

As can be seen from the above description, the following advantageous effects are obtained in implementing the present invention: according to the invention, through two stages of aqueous solution electrolytic polishing and electrolyte composite electrolytic polishing of spherical solid, on one hand, the workpiece to be polished is initially polished under relatively mild electrolytic conditions, so that the surface of the workpiece reaches certain brightness, the workload and difficulty of subsequent composite electrolytic polishing are reduced, and the polishing process is more environment-friendly; on the other hand, the spherical solid electrolyte is adopted for composite electrolytic polishing, so that the mechanical action and the electrolytic action are simultaneously acted at the same point, the microcosmic rough part of the surface of the polished workpiece with primary brightness can be leveled, and the surface with mirror surface brightness is finally obtained.

The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the appended claims.