阅读说明：本技术 一种淡水淹没治理互花米草的综合方法 (Comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water ) 是由 陈浩 成海 陈亚芹 邓丽娜 李洪山 张亚楠 李征浩 赵永强 于 2021-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于生态工程技术领域,公开了一种淡水淹没治理互花米草的综合方法,物理防治,包括淹水、刈割、翻耕、碎根及覆盖遮荫；化学防治：通过配置除草剂用于米草治理；生物防治：降低互花米草密度,实现滩涂生态系统的恢复；生物替代：根据植物群落演替的规律,由竞争力强的本地植物取代外来入侵植物。本发明开展对互花米草防控研究,采用淡水淹没,翻耕,覆盖生物地膜的联合方式治理互花米草,能够在控制互花米草扩张的同时恢复原有生态,在黄海滩涂建立互花米草综合防控示范基地,进一步推广互花米草的防治模式；实施区恢复湿地植被生境,提升湿地生态功能成功招引水鸟栖息,实验区内曾发现上千只的灰鹤及豆雁相北觅食栖息。(The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering, and discloses a comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water, which comprises physical prevention and treatment, wherein the physical prevention and treatment comprises flooding, mowing, ploughing, root breaking and covering and shading; chemical control: the herbicide is prepared for the treatment of the cord grass; biological control: the spartina alterniflora density is reduced, and the recovery of the mud flat ecological system is realized; biological replacement: according to the law of succession of plant communities, the local plants with strong competitiveness replace the external invasive plants. The invention develops the prevention and control research on the spartina alterniflora, adopts the combined mode of fresh water submerging, plowing and covering with the biological mulching film to treat the spartina alterniflora, can restore the original ecology while controlling the expansion of the spartina alterniflora, establishes a spartina alterniflora comprehensive prevention and control demonstration base on the yellow sea mudflat and further promotes the prevention and control mode of the spartina alterniflora; the implementation area recovers the vegetation habitat of the wetland, promotes the ecological function of the wetland and successfully recruits waterfowl to inhabit, and thousands of gray cranes and wild gooses are found to forage and inhabit mutually north in the experimental area.)

1. A comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by freshwater flooding is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps of treating the spartina alterniflora by adopting a combined mode of enclosing dikes, freshwater submerging, plowing and covering with a permeable biological mulching film, and recovering the original wetland ecology while controlling the expansion of the spartina alterniflora;

and establishing a spartina alterniflora comprehensive prevention and control demonstration base on the mudflat to perform spartina alterniflora prevention and control mode operation.

2. The integrated method for remediating spartina alterniflora of claim 1, wherein said integrated method for remediating spartina alterniflora of a freshwater flood comprises the steps of:

step one, physical prevention and treatment, including flooding, mowing, plowing, root breaking and covering and shading;

step two, chemical prevention and control: the herbicide is prepared for the treatment of the cord grass;

step three, biological control: the spartina alterniflora density is reduced, and the recovery of the mud flat ecological system is realized;

step four, biological substitution: according to the law of succession of plant communities, the local plants with strong competitiveness replace the external invasive plants.

3. The integrated method for treating spartina alterniflora by flooding in fresh water of claim 2, wherein in step one, said flooding comprises:

the continuous flooding stress affects the physiological indexes of the spartina alterniflora, so that the spartina alterniflora is anoxic, the photosynthesis efficiency is reduced, more photosynthetic products are required to be consumed by the plants to obtain energy necessary for survival, the biomass is reduced due to the continuous consumption of substances stored in the plants, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth cannot be normally carried out, and the stress is adapted through the change of physiology and morphology.

4. The integrated method for remediating spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water of claim 2, wherein in step one, said mowing comprises:

directly cutting off overground plants, and having different degrees of influence on the population density, the plant height and the biomass of the cord grass.

5. The integrated method for remediation of spartina alterniflora by flooding in fresh water of claim 2, wherein in step one, said plowing comprises:

removing aerial parts of Spartina alterniflora, and ploughing with a shovel or suitable machine to a depth of 40 cm.

6. The integrated method for remediating spartina alterniflora by flooding in fresh water of claim 2, wherein in step one, the breaking of the roots comprises:

further cutting up the plant roots and stems on the basis of turning over, destroying the structure of the roots and stems, and inhibiting the growth of the rice grass; wherein the root breaking measure is suitable for removing spartina alterniflora small plaques.

7. The integrated method for remediating Spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water of claim 2, wherein in step one, the permeable membrane is covered with a shade suitable for small pieces of Spartina alterniflora, taking into account the effects of sea wind.

8. The integrated method for remediating spartina alterniflora by freshwater flooding of claim 2, wherein in step two, the herbicides comprise dimethomon, micturin and "control agent for spartina alterniflora".

9. Use of the integrated method of freshwater flooding treatment of spartina alterniflora as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 in the integrated treatment of spartina alterniflora.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering, and particularly relates to a comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water.

Background

At present, Spartina alterniflora Loisel (Spartina alterniflora Loisel.) is a perennial herb of Gramineae and Spartina, is suitable for growing in the upper zone in the intertidal zone, and is often used for promoting land making and protecting the bank because of its salt tolerance, flooding resistance and strong reproductive capacity. In recent years, the spartina alterniflora expands rapidly to cover most of the silt-rise coast, so that living space of local vegetation is squeezed, and bird activities depending on the suaeda salsa habitat are influenced; on the other hand, the foraging space of the waterfowl like plover invades the beach. However, the comprehensive treatment method aiming at spartina alterniflora in the prior art is not reported. Therefore, there is a need to research the treatment technology of spartina alterniflora and to provide a comprehensive treatment method for spartina alterniflora.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: in the prior art, a comprehensive treatment method for spartina alterniflora has not been reported.

In the prior art, the original ecological effect is recovered to be poor while the expansion of the spartina alterniflora is controlled;

the prior art has low economic benefit when the spartina alterniflora is treated. And the ecological harmony and coexistence effect are poor.

The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is:

at present, the treatment mode of spartina alterniflora lacks of effectiveness and durability, and is not suitable for large-area popularization and use. The spartina alterniflora treated by a single physical mode can quickly recover as before and is difficult to completely remove; the spartina alterniflora is treated by a single chemical method, and excessive chemical reagents usually cause residual toxicity, easily cause harm to other animals and plants, and destroy local soil and an ecological system; although the single biological control method can reduce the density of the spartina alterniflora and is beneficial to the recovery of an ecological system of a mud flat, the spartina alterniflora is difficult to completely remove, and the surviving spartina alterniflora can still spread and invade a new area through seeds.

The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows:

the invention adopts a combined mode of fresh water submerging, plowing and biological mulching film covering to treat the spartina alterniflora, overcomes the defects existing in the existing method for controlling the spartina alterniflora, restores the original ecology while controlling the expansion of the spartina alterniflora, is suitable for large-area popularization and application, and establishes a spartina alterniflora comprehensive prevention and control demonstration base on the yellow sea beach.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water.

The invention is realized in this way, a comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water, which comprises the following steps:

the method adopts a combined mode of enclosing dikes, freshwater submerging, plowing and covering with a biological mulching film to treat the spartina alterniflora, is used for recovering the original wetland ecology while controlling the expansion of the spartina alterniflora, establishes a comprehensive prevention and control demonstration base for the spartina alterniflora on the yellow sea mudflat, and promotes a spartina alterniflora prevention and control mode.

Further, the comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps of firstly, physical prevention and treatment, including flooding, cutting, ploughing, root breaking and covering and shading;

step two, chemical prevention and control: the herbicide is prepared for the treatment of the cord grass;

step three, biological control: the spartina alterniflora density is reduced, and the recovery of the mud flat ecological system is realized;

step four, biological substitution: according to the law of succession of plant communities, the local plants with strong competitiveness replace the external invasive plants.

Further, in the first step, the flooding includes:

the continuous flooding stress affects the physiological indexes of the spartina alterniflora, so that the spartina alterniflora is anoxic, the photosynthesis efficiency is reduced, more photosynthetic products are required to be consumed by the plants to obtain energy necessary for survival, the biomass is reduced due to the continuous consumption of substances stored in the plants, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth cannot be normally carried out, and the stress is adapted through the change of physiology and morphology.

Further, in the step one, the mowing comprises:

directly cutting off overground plants, and having different degrees of influence on the population density, the plant height and the biomass of the cord grass.

Further, in the first step, the plowing comprises:

removing aerial parts of Spartina alterniflora, and ploughing by 40cm with a shovel or a suitable machine.

Further, in the first step, the root crushing includes:

further cutting up the plant roots and stems on the basis of turning over, destroying the structure of the roots and stems, and inhibiting the growth of the rice grass; wherein the root breaking measure is suitable for removing spartina alterniflora small plaques.

Further, in the step one, the covering shading is suitable for the small spartina alterniflora, and the influence of sea wind needs to be considered. Further, in the second step, the herbicide comprises the spartina anglica, the micturition and the intertidal spartina removal and control agent.

The invention also aims to provide the application of the comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water in the comprehensive treatment of spartina alterniflora.

By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention provides a comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by freshwater flooding, and particularly relates to a technology for comprehensively treating spartina alterniflora by freshwater flooding, ploughing and covering with a biological mulching film.

The invention develops the prevention and control research on the spartina alterniflora, adopts the combined mode of fresh water submerging, plowing and covering with the biological mulching film to treat the spartina alterniflora, can restore the original ecology while controlling the expansion of the spartina alterniflora, and establishes a comprehensive prevention and control demonstration base for the spartina alterniflora on the yellow sea beach.

The method treats the spartina alterniflora by the combined mode of enclosing dikes, freshwater submerging, plowing and covering with the biological mulching film, explores an economic and efficient control method of the spartina alterniflora, restores vegetation habitat of the wetland, promotes ecological functions of the wetland, establishes a comprehensive prevention and control demonstration base for the spartina alterniflora on the yellow sea mudflat and further promotes a spartina alterniflora control mode.

The invention treats the spartina alterniflora by the combined mode of enclosing dikes, freshwater submerging, plowing and covering with a biological mulching film, the implemented spartina alterniflora control already exerts certain ecological benefits, the implementing area recovers the vegetation habitat of the wetland, the ecological function of the wetland is promoted to successfully attract the inhabitation of waterfowls, and thousands of gray cranes and wild gooses are found to be foraged and inhabit mutually north in the experimental area.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an embankment and an underwater dark weir of a spartina alterniflora control area provided by an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control area of M1 Spartina alterniflora according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a design drawing of a prototype in an experiment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water, and the invention is described in detail below by combining the attached drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

s101, physical prevention and treatment, including flooding, mowing, ploughing, root breaking and covering and shading;

s102, chemical prevention: the herbicide is prepared for the treatment of the cord grass;

s103, biological control: the spartina alterniflora density is reduced, and the recovery of the mud flat ecological system is realized;

s104, biological replacement: according to the law of succession of plant communities, the local plants with strong competitiveness replace the external invasive plants.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples.

Example 1

The invention develops the prevention and control research on the spartina alterniflora, adopts the combined mode of fresh water submerging, plowing and covering with permeable biological mulching films to treat the spartina alterniflora, can restore the original ecology while controlling the expansion of the spartina alterniflora, and establishes a spartina alterniflora comprehensive prevention and control demonstration base on the yellow sea mudflat.

The comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

1. physical prevention and cure

(1) And (5) flooding. Flooding stress causes the spartina alterniflora to lack oxygen, the photosynthesis efficiency is reduced, and the plants need to consume more photosynthetic products to obtain energy necessary for survival, so that substances stored in the plants are continuously consumed to cause biomass reduction, and the vegetative growth and reproductive growth cannot be normally carried out. The continuous flooding stress has an effect on physiological indexes of spartina alterniflora. However, the spartina alterniflora is a foreign species with strong adaptability, and can adapt to the stress through physiological and morphological changes, so that the spartina alterniflora must be further combined with other physical measures for comprehensive treatment.

(2) And (6) mowing. The mowing measure is to directly mow overground plants, and has different degrees of influence on the density, the plant height, the biomass and the like of the spartina anglica population. The technique can reduce seed yield, consume energy reserves of roots and rhizomes and thereby impair plant growth.

(3) And (5) ploughing. Firstly, the overground part of the spartina alterniflora is cut off, and then ploughing is carried out by a spade or a proper machine with a certain depth. The plowing measure has good control effect in the current year, but the spartina alterniflora basically recovers as before by the late growth season of the second year.

(4) Crushing the roots. The root breaking is generally to further break the roots of the plants based on the turning and plowing, and to destroy the structure of the roots, thereby inhibiting the growth of the rice grass. From the viewpoint of control efficiency and cost, the root breaking measure is only suitable for removing small patches of spartina alterniflora, similar to manual removal.

(5) And covering and shading. Covering the shading with a permeable membrane not only reduces the light intensity but also changes the light quality, which is one of the most important constraints experienced by plants in competition. The cover shading method is only suitable for small spartina alterniflora, and the influence of sea wind needs to be considered.

2. Chemical control

Chinese researchers developed herbicides such as spartina anglica, spartina star and 'mudflat spartina alterniflora removal and control agent' for the treatment of spartina. The spartina alterniflora is treated by a chemical method, so that certain negative effects are likely to be brought, on one hand, chemical agents usually cause certain residual toxicity, and on the other hand, other animals and plants are easily damaged, and local soil and an ecological system are further damaged.

3. Biological control

Although the biological control method can reduce the density of the spartina alterniflora and is beneficial to the recovery of an ecological system of a mud flat, the spartina alterniflora is difficult to completely remove, and the surviving spartina alterniflora can still spread and invade a new area through seeds. Moreover, in the long term, resistance and altered tolerance of plants to natural enemies can lead to control failures.

4. Biological substitution

The biological substitution technology is an ecological prevention and control technology for substituting an external invasive plant by a local plant suaeda salsa with strong competitiveness according to the law of plant community succession, but finding out a quick, effective and safe substitution species and a prevention and control method in a specific area is still difficult.

The method treats the spartina alterniflora by the combined mode of enclosing dikes, freshwater submerging, plowing and covering with the biological mulching film, explores an economic and efficient control method of the spartina alterniflora, restores vegetation habitat of the wetland, promotes ecological functions of the wetland, establishes a comprehensive prevention and control demonstration base for the spartina alterniflora on the yellow sea mudflat and further promotes a spartina alterniflora control mode.

Example 2

The geographical position of the natural protection area of national rare birds in Jiangsu salt city is between 119 degrees of 51 '25' -121 degrees of 5 '47' in east radius and 32 degrees of 36 '51' -34 degrees of 28 '32' in north latitude, belongs to a transition zone between a warm temperate zone and a northern subtropical zone, and the location of the protection area is a typical coastal tidal muddy tidal flat wetland. The application area of the spartina alterniflora is located in the core area (M1) north of the Binghong port of the protection area, the area of the experimental area of the treated spartina alterniflora is 1650 mu, a large number of spartina alterniflora are uniformly distributed, and the distribution point is the nearest spartina alterniflora distribution point to inland fresh water.

Set up fixed experimental area, this region is the single dominant community of each other flower rice grass of homogeneity, sets up 5 regions in the experimental area, is respectively: the No. 1 sample area is subjected to plowing treatment, the No. 2 sample area is subjected to film covering treatment, the No. 3 sample area is subjected to plowing and film covering treatment, and the No. 4 calibration area is subjected to comparison. Each sample area is 40m by 40m, and 5m intervals are kept between the sample areas.

Sample 1. The plowing treatment is to mechanically cut off the overground part of the spartina alterniflora, then plowing is carried out by a tractor according to 3 depths (20cm, 40cm and 60cm), each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the experimental treatments are respectively abbreviated as D1, D2 and D3.

Sample No. 2. The film covering treatment is to select the spartina alterniflora with basically consistent growth vigor, to cut off the overground part of the spartina alterniflora mechanically, and to cover the black plastic film, the white plastic film and the black sunshade net respectively. In order to prevent sea wind and tide from washing away the covering, the edges and four corners of the covering are pressed after being filled with sea mud by woven bags. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and the experimental treatments were abbreviated as B1, B2 and B3, respectively.

Sample No. 3. The plowing and film covering treatment is to perform film covering on the basis of plowing. The overground part of the spartina alterniflora is cut off mechanically, ploughed to 3 depths (20cm, 40cm and 60cm), laid and covered with a black plastic film, a white plastic film and a black sunshade net respectively. In order to prevent sea wind and tide from washing away the covering, the edges and four corners of the covering are pressed after being filled with sea mud by woven bags. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the experimental treatments were abbreviated as P1, P2 and P3, respectively.

No. 4 is a control zone. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the experimental treatments were abbreviated as N1, N2 and N3, respectively.

The size of a sampling sample square is set to be 2m multiplied by 2m in each experimental sample area, each sample square is fixed by a bamboo pole and is separated by an iron wire, and in order to avoid influencing the growth of plants in the sample squares when data are recorded, the distance of 1m is kept between the sample squares. The design of the prototype in the test is shown in FIG. 4.

Randomly selecting 5 samples of 2m × 2m in the 5 sample areas, and investigating the treatment condition of Spartina alterniflora in the samples, wherein the plowing of No. 3 sample area is 40cm + black film covering treatment effect is the best.

Example 3

And (3) enclosing a dike: the area of the treated spartina alterniflora experimental area (M1) is 1650 mu, the construction is carried out by an east area and a west area respectively, the east area sea water control area has peripheral dike 1409 meters, an inner dike 660 meters and an inner dark dike 1914 meters; 2 water diversion and drainage culvert seats with the length of 70-80 meters and 2 water diversion culverts enclosed inside; the periphery dam of the western region seawater control region is 1533 meters, the inner dam is 660 meters, and the inner hidden dam is 1230 meters; the length of the water diversion and drainage culvert is 70 meters to 80 meters, and 1 seat is provided.

Fresh water stuffy filling treatment: on the mechanism of researching the growth salt requirement of spartina alterniflora, a method of 'fresh water tight irrigation' is adopted by using a surrounding ridge, seedlings with the height of 7-10 cm are continuously flooded for 20cm, all seedlings can be killed in 3 months, and for higher plants (the plant height is 42cm), the water depth is more than 50cm, and the regeneration of spartina alterniflora is inhibited. Through water pump B4 from outside fresh water river water intaking back, pass through the seawall highway through irrigation canals and ditches, culvert pipe and enter into the river course of intaking to the spartina alterniflora control area, regulate and control the fresh water supply in the spartina alterniflora community, control the depth of water through building the dyke and the dark weir under water, 2 dykes of interior circumference diversion culvert top height 2.8m, top width 3m, the slope ratio 1: 5; the top height of the first-level underwater hidden weir is 2.3m, the top width is 2m, and the slope-to-fall ratio is 1: 5; the top height of the second-level underwater hidden weir is 2.0m, the top width is 2m, and the slope-to-fall ratio is 1: and 5, deteriorating the growth conditions of the spartina alterniflora and killing the spartina alterniflora by 'introducing fresh water to replace seawater', so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the generation of the spartina alterniflora.

TABLE 1B4 Pump station design requirements

Ploughing: after the fresh water is put, the overground part of the spartina alterniflora is cut off mechanically, then the intertillage is further ploughed by a tractor according to the depth of 40m, the rhizomes of the overground spartina alterniflora are damaged, the spartina alterniflora can not be propagated aselessly, and the broken roots of the spartina alterniflora rot in deeper soil, so that sufficient fertility can be provided for the subsequent plant cultivation.

Film covering treatment: the mulching film is laid after plowing, then a biodegradable mulching film is covered, the edges and the four corners of the mulching film are pressed after sea mud is filled in woven bags, the mulching film is prevented from being washed away by sea wind and tide water, the sexual propagation of the spartina alterniflora is effectively blocked through mulching, the grass seeds of the spartina alterniflora are prevented from sprouting and growing, and the sporadic expansion of the spartina alterniflora is reduced.

The invention treats the spartina alterniflora by the combined mode of enclosing dikes, freshwater submerging, plowing and permeable mulching of a biological mulching film, the implemented spartina alterniflora control already exerts certain ecological benefits, the implemented area recovers the vegetation habitat of the wetland, the ecological function of the wetland is promoted to successfully attract the inhabitation of waterfowls, and thousands of gray cranes and wild gooses are found in the experimental area to seek food and inhabit mutually north.

The dykes and the underwater hidden weirs of the spartina alterniflora control area are shown in fig. 2.

The M1 spartina alterniflora control area is schematically shown in FIG. 3, the area of the spartina alterniflora control area (M1) is 1650 mu, and water is supplied by a B4 pump station for water level control.

In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.