阅读说明：本技术 一种用于细长孔精加工的自引导拉铰刀具 (Self-guiding reamer tool for fine machining of elongated hole ) 是由 马付建 普斌 高小迪 杨大鹏 王紫光 沙智华 张生芳 于 2021-09-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种用于细长孔精加工的自引导拉铰刀具,包括刀具和拉杆,所述刀具具有切削部,所述刀具为一体式结构,所述刀具还包括设置在切削部前端的第一自引导部和设置在所述切削部后端的第二自引导部,所述第一自引导部与切削部之间通过第一连接部连接,所述第二自引导部与所述切削部之间通过第二连接部连接,所述第二引导部的后端与拉杆的前端固定连接。所述第一自引导部外表面具有数量与第一螺旋槽数量相同,且与第一螺旋槽相匹配的第二螺旋槽。第二导向部呈圆柱状。本发明在切削部的前后都增加了自引导部,增加了刀具的刚度,有效的抑制了振动,防止偏斜,刀具不易损坏,满足长径比更大的内孔,保证了孔的加工质量和精度,加工效果好。(The invention provides a self-guiding broaching tool for finish machining of elongated holes, which comprises a tool and a pull rod, wherein the tool is provided with a cutting part, the tool is of an integrated structure, the tool also comprises a first self-guiding part arranged at the front end of the cutting part and a second self-guiding part arranged at the rear end of the cutting part, the first self-guiding part is connected with the cutting part through a first connecting part, the second self-guiding part is connected with the cutting part through a second connecting part, and the rear end of the second guiding part is fixedly connected with the front end of the pull rod. The outer surface of the first self-guiding part is provided with second spiral grooves which are the same as the first spiral grooves in number and are matched with the first spiral grooves. The second guide part is cylindrical. According to the invention, the self-guiding parts are added at the front and the back of the cutting part, so that the rigidity of the cutter is increased, the vibration is effectively inhibited, the deflection is prevented, the cutter is not easy to damage, the requirement on an inner hole with a larger length-diameter ratio is met, the processing quality and precision of the hole are ensured, and the processing effect is good.)

1. The utility model provides a from guide broaching cutter for fine processing of elongated hole, includes cutter and pull rod, the cutter has the cutting part, a serial communication port, the cutter formula structure as an organic whole, the cutter is still including setting up the first guide portion of certainly of cutting part front end and setting up and being in the second of cutting part rear end is from the guide portion, first guide portion and cutting part between be connected through first connecting portion, the second from the guide portion with be connected through second connecting portion between the cutting part, the rear end of second guide portion and the front end fixed connection of pull rod.

2. The self-guided broaching tool for finishing elongated holes of claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the cutting part has a plurality of first helical grooves, and the outer edges of the first helical grooves have cutting edges.

3. The tool of claim 2 wherein the first self-guiding outer surface has a number of second helical grooves matching the number of first helical grooves.

4. The self-guided broaching tool for finishing elongated holes of claim 1, wherein the second self-guide portion is cylindrical.

5. The self-guided broaching tool for finishing the elongated hole as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rear end of the second self-guiding part is provided with a threaded blind hole, and the front end of the pulling rod penetrates into the threaded blind hole to be in threaded fit with the threaded blind hole; the front end of the pull rod is provided with a cutting fluid outflow hole communicated with the threaded blind hole; an inner cooling hole is formed in the pull rod and used for circulating cutting fluid, and the front end of the inner cooling hole is communicated with the threaded blind hole.

6. The self-guided broaching tool for finishing elongated holes of claim 5, wherein the number of the cutting fluid outlet holes is the same as the number of the first spiral grooves.

7. The tool of claim 5 wherein a cutting fluid connector means is sleeved on said tie rod and rotatably connected to said cutting fluid connector means, whereby cutting fluid flows into said bore through said cutting fluid connector means.

8. The self-guiding broaching tool for finely machining the elongated hole as claimed in claim 7, wherein the cutting fluid connector device comprises a housing, the housing is sleeved on the pull rod and is coaxially arranged with the pull rod, a fluid collecting cavity is arranged in the middle of the interior of the housing, the inner diameter of the fluid collecting cavity is larger than the outer diameter of the pull rod, a conveying channel communicated with the fluid collecting cavity is formed in the housing, a quick-change connector is mounted at one end of the conveying channel far away from the fluid collecting cavity, the quick-change connector is communicated with a cutting fluid source through a cutting fluid high-pressure hose, an inflow hole is formed in the portion of the pull rod in the fluid collecting cavity, and two ends of the inflow hole are respectively communicated with the fluid collecting cavity and the inner cooling hole;

grooves axially extending towards the interior of the shell are respectively formed in the front end and the rear end of the shell, deep groove ball bearings sleeved on the pull rods are arranged in the grooves, the outer walls of the deep groove ball bearings are connected with the groove walls of the grooves, retaining rings mounted on the pull rods are arranged at the ends, far away from the groove bottoms, of the deep groove ball bearings, and sleeves sleeved on the pull rods are arranged between the ends, close to the groove bottoms, of the deep groove ball bearings and the groove bottoms;

end covers are respectively fixed at two ends of the shell, a felt ring is arranged at the joint of each end cover and the pull rod, and a gasket is padded between each end cover and the shell; a stop device plate is fixed on one of the end covers and is used for being fixedly connected with a fixed structure;

and a plurality of O-shaped sealing rings are arranged at the joint of the shell and the pull rod.

9. The tool of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first self-guiding portion has an outer diameter matching an outer diameter of the cutting portion, and the second self-guiding portion has an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the cutting portion.

10. The self-guided broaching tool for finishing elongated holes of claim 9, wherein the first and second coupling portions have an outer diameter smaller than an outer diameter of the second self-guiding portion.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of elongated hole machining, in particular to a self-guiding broaching tool for finish machining of elongated holes.

Background

In the field of machining, some high-precision elongated holes need to be machined. The traditional inner hole processing mode has the defects of small and long processing hole diameter, difficult chip removal and insufficient cutter rigidity, and the processing quality of the hole is influenced. The common processing cutter can not meet the requirements of high-precision elongated holes and is difficult to ensure the dimensional precision and the form and position precision. Aiming at the problems, the prior method for processing the elongated hole comprises the following steps: drilling, boring, reaming, pulling and reaming and other processing modes.

In a processing cutter (CN205096602U) for elongated hole, the cutter is the drill bit that has two sword cutting edges, includes tool bit and the cutter arbor of being connected with the tool bit, and the tool bit comprises knife tip and cutting edge, installs the cutter on the lathe blade holder, adopts short bits drilling mode to process the hole. In a machining tool for a high-precision elongated hole and a machining method (CN104625119A) thereof, the machining tool is integrally formed by a cylindrical boring part, a reaming part and a clamping part. The front end of the clamping part is fixedly connected with the rear end of the reaming part, a reamer groove is formed in the peripheral surface of the reaming part, and a reamer is arranged in the reamer groove. The front end of the reaming part is fixedly connected with the rear end of the boring part, the front end of the boring part is provided with a boring cutter, and the fine holes are firstly roughly machined and then finely machined by the boring cutter. When the cutter is used for processing a long and thin hole with a larger major diameter, the cutter head is deep into the workpiece, the cutter rigidity is weakened due to the fact that the length of the cutter bar is lengthened, and the cutter head is prone to vibrating along with the change of cutting force at the moment, so that the surface quality of an inner hole and the processing efficiency are reduced.

In a novel reamer (CN203265778U) and a novel reamer (CN104416222A) of patent, the reamer is characterized in that a reamer head is welded on a cutter rod, a cutting edge is arranged on the cutter head, the reamer is machined by a broaching method on a common lathe, the reamer is pre-assembled in an inner hole of a workpiece before broaching, the cutter rod is fixed with a cutter rest through screw pre-tightening, and then the inner hole of a long and thin shaft is machined. The cutter is welded on the cutter bar through the cutter head, the elongated hole is machined by adopting a pulling and reaming method, the stress mode of the cutter is changed from pressure to tension in the machining process, the stress direction of the cutter is changed, and the vibration of the cutter can be effectively reduced. However, as the aspect ratio is gradually increased, the cutter bar is lengthened, and the cutter is vibrated due to the unevenness of cutting force caused by material unevenness, machining error, cutter abrasion, and the like, thereby deteriorating the machining quality.

In a deep hole counter-pulling reamer (CN103521843A), a plurality of cutter tooth grooves are uniformly distributed on a cutter body along the periphery of the cutter body, cutter teeth are welded in the grooves, a cylindrical guide column is arranged in the middle of the cutter body, four inclined holes are radially arranged between the cutter teeth and the guide column and communicated with a cooling hole, a handle part of the cutter body is provided with threads matched with a cutter rod, and the cutter rod is pulled to cut by a pulling and reaming method during machining. In a front positioning deep hole broaching reamer (CN112658387A), 4 blade grooves are distributed at equal intervals on a reamer body, blades are welded in the grooves, a threaded connection part is arranged at the other end of the reamer body, a guide column is arranged in the middle of the reamer body, the reamer body is in threaded connection with a pull rod, and a broaching method is adopted for machining. The cutter realizes the processing of the deep hole through the combined action of the guide column and the pull rod, the guide column plays a role in reducing the vibration of the cutter body in the processing process, and the deflection of the hole caused by the processing of the deep hole is avoided. However, the cutter body cannot be made into a small-diameter cutter body due to the welding blade structure, the cutter body is only limited to deep hole machining, and the cutter is not positioned in a hole after the guide column is provided with the hole, so that the vibration of the cutter is caused, and the machining quality is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems of insufficient rigidity of the cutter, vibration of the cutter, incapability of ensuring machining precision, form and position tolerance, narrow application range and the like in the patent, the invention provides a self-guiding pulling reaming cutter for fine machining of a slender hole.

The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:

the utility model provides a from guide broaching cutter for fine processing of elongated hole, includes cutter and pull rod, the cutter has the cutting portion, cutter formula structure as an organic whole, the cutter is still including setting up at the first guide portion of certainly of cutting portion front end and setting up the second of cutting portion rear end is from the guide portion, first be connected through first connecting portion between guide portion and the cutting portion, the second from the guide portion with connect through second connecting portion between the cutting portion, the rear end of second guide portion and the front end fixed connection of pull rod.

The outer diameter of the first self-guiding part is matched with that of the cutting part, and the outer diameter of the second self-guiding part is smaller than that of the cutting part.

The outer diameters of the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are smaller than the outer diameter of the second self-guiding portion.

The outer surface of the cutting part is provided with a plurality of first spiral grooves, and the outer edges of the first spiral grooves are provided with cutting edges.

The outer surface of the first self-guiding part is provided with second spiral grooves which are the same as the first spiral grooves in number and are matched with the first spiral grooves.

The second self-guiding portion is cylindrical.

The rear end of the second self-guiding part is provided with a threaded blind hole, and the front end of the pull rod penetrates into the threaded blind hole to be in threaded fit with the threaded blind hole; the front end of the pull rod is provided with a cutting fluid outflow hole communicated with the threaded blind hole; an inner cooling hole is formed in the pull rod and used for circulating cutting fluid, and the front end of the inner cooling hole is communicated with the threaded blind hole.

The number of the cutting fluid outflow holes is the same as the number of the first spiral grooves.

The pull rod is sleeved with a cutting fluid connector device, the cutting fluid connector device is rotatably connected with the pull rod, and cutting fluid flows into the inner cooling hole through the cutting fluid connector device.

The cutting fluid connector device comprises a shell, the shell is sleeved on the pull rod and is coaxially arranged with the pull rod, a fluid collecting cavity is arranged in the middle of the interior of the shell, the inner diameter of the fluid collecting cavity is larger than the outer diameter of the pull rod, a conveying channel communicated with the fluid collecting cavity is processed on the shell, a quick-change connector is installed at one end, away from the fluid collecting cavity, of the conveying channel, the quick-change connector is communicated with a cutting fluid source through a cutting fluid high-pressure hose, an inflow hole is formed in the part, in the fluid collecting cavity, of the pull rod, and two ends of the inflow hole are respectively communicated with the fluid collecting cavity and the inner cooling hole;

grooves axially extending towards the interior of the shell are respectively formed in the front end and the rear end of the shell, deep groove ball bearings sleeved on the pull rods are arranged in the grooves, the outer walls of the deep groove ball bearings are connected with the groove walls of the grooves, retaining rings mounted on the pull rods are arranged at the ends, far away from the groove bottoms, of the deep groove ball bearings, and sleeves sleeved on the pull rods are arranged between the ends, close to the groove bottoms, of the deep groove ball bearings and the groove bottoms;

end covers are respectively fixed at two ends of the shell, a felt ring is arranged at the joint of each end cover and the pull rod, and a gasket is padded between each end cover and the shell; a stop device plate is fixed on one of the end covers and is used for being fixedly connected with a fixed structure;

and a plurality of O-shaped sealing rings are arranged at the joint of the shell and the pull rod.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. according to the invention, the self-guiding parts are added at the front and the back of the cutting part, so that the rigidity of the cutter is increased, the vibration is effectively inhibited, the deflection is prevented, the cutter is not easy to damage, the requirement on an inner hole with a larger length-diameter ratio is met, the processing quality and precision of the hole are ensured, and the processing effect is good.

2. Due to the fact that the two self-guiding portions are arranged, when the second self-guiding portion is used for enabling the hole, the cutting portion and the first self-guiding portion of the cutter are still in the inner hole, the first self-guiding portion inhibits vibration of the cutter at the moment, and the hole is machined only through the first self-guiding portion until the cutting portion of the cutter is used for machining the hole, machining quality of the inner hole is guaranteed, and machining effect is good.

3. The cutter is integrated, the cutting edge is spiral, the cutter can be made into a small diameter, the two self-guiding parts are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the cutter, the rigidity of the cutter is increased, the vibration of the cutter is effectively reduced, the cutter can be arranged in a slender hole with a larger length-diameter ratio, the slender hole can be finely machined, the machining quality is high, and the application range is wide.

4. According to the invention, the cutter and the pull rod are in threaded connection, the cutter and the pull rod are arranged in a split type, when the cutter is worn or the precision is reduced in the broaching and reaming process, only a new cutter needs to be replaced and is in threaded connection with the pull rod again, the pull rod does not need to be replaced, the pull rod can be repeatedly used, the materials are greatly saved, the economic benefit is high, and the replacement efficiency is high.

Based on the reason, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of fine machining of the elongated hole and the like.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a self-guided broach reamer for fine machining of elongated holes according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a pull rod; 2. a cutting portion; 3. a first self-guiding portion; 4. a second self-guiding portion; 5. a first connection portion; 6. a second connecting portion; 7. cutting fluid flows out of the hole; 8. an internal cooling hole; 9. a housing; 10. a liquid collection cavity; 11. a delivery channel; 12. a quick-change connector; 13. a cutting fluid high pressure hose; 14. an inflow hole; 15. a deep groove ball bearing; 16. a retainer ring; 17. an end cap; 18. a felt loop; 19. a gasket; 20. a brake device plate; 21. an O-shaped sealing ring.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the absence of any contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention: the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.

Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.

As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a self-guiding broaching tool for finishing an elongated hole, which comprises a tool and a pull rod 1, wherein the tool is provided with a cutting part 2, the tool is of an integrated structure, the tool further comprises a first self-guiding part 3 arranged at the front end of the cutting part 2 and a second self-guiding part 4 arranged at the rear end of the cutting part 2, the first self-guiding part 3 is connected with the cutting part 2 through a first connecting part 5, the second self-guiding part 4 is connected with the cutting part 2 through a second connecting part 6, and the rear end of the second guiding part 4 is fixedly connected with the front end of the pull rod 2.

The outer diameter of the first self-guiding part 3 is matched with that of the cutting part 2, and the outer diameter of the second self-guiding part 4 is smaller than that of the cutting part 2.

The first and second connecting portions 5 and 6 have an outer diameter smaller than that of the second self-guiding portion 4.

The outer surface of the cutting part 2 is provided with four first spiral grooves, the outer edges of the first spiral grooves are provided with cutting edges, and the first spiral grooves are spiral from the front end to the tail end of the cutting part or spiral from the tail end to the front end.

The outer surface of the first self-guiding part 3 is provided with second spiral grooves which have the same number as the first spiral grooves and are matched with the first spiral grooves.

The second self-guiding portion 4 is cylindrical.

The rear end of the second self-guiding part 4 is provided with a threaded blind hole, and the front end of the pull rod 1 penetrates into the threaded blind hole to be in threaded fit with the threaded blind hole; the front end of the pull rod 1 is provided with a cutting fluid outflow hole 7 communicated with the threaded blind hole; an inner cooling hole 8 is formed in the pull rod 2, the inner cooling hole 8 is used for circulating cutting fluid, and the front end of the inner cooling hole 8 is communicated with the threaded blind hole. And a sealing ring is arranged between the contact end surfaces of the pull rod 1 and the second self-guiding part 4 for sealing.

The number of the cutting fluid outflow holes 7 is the same as that of the first spiral grooves, and the cutting fluid outflow holes are four.

The cutting fluid connector device is sleeved on the pull rod 1, the pull rod 1 is rotatably connected with the cutting fluid connector device, and the cutting fluid flows into the inner cooling hole through the cutting fluid connector device.

The cutting fluid connector device comprises a shell 9, the shell 9 is sleeved on the pull rod 1 and is coaxially arranged with the pull rod 1, a fluid collecting cavity 10 is arranged in the middle of the inside of the shell 9, the inner diameter of the fluid collecting cavity 10 is larger than the outer diameter of the pull rod 1, a conveying channel 11 communicated with the fluid collecting cavity 10 is processed on the shell 9, a quick-change connector 12 is installed at one end, far away from the fluid collecting cavity 10, of the conveying channel 11, the quick-change connector 12 is communicated with a cutting fluid source through a cutting fluid high-pressure hose 13, an inflow hole 14 is formed in the part, in the fluid collecting cavity 10, of the pull rod 1, and two ends of the inflow hole 14 are respectively communicated with the fluid collecting cavity 10 and the inner cooling hole 8; the inflow opening 14 is located opposite the feed channel 11.

Grooves axially extending towards the interior of the shell 9 are respectively formed in the front end and the rear end of the shell 9, deep groove ball bearings 15 sleeved on the pull rod 1 are arranged in the grooves, the outer walls of the deep groove ball bearings 15 are connected with the groove walls of the grooves, retaining rings 16 installed on the pull rod 1 are arranged at one ends, far away from the groove bottoms, of the deep groove ball bearings 15, and sleeves 16 sleeved on the pull rod 1 are arranged between one ends, close to the groove bottoms, of the deep groove ball bearings 15 and the groove bottoms;

end covers 17 are respectively fixed at two ends of the shell 9, a felt ring 18 is arranged at the joint of the end cover 17 and the pull rod 1, and a gasket 19 is padded between the end cover 17 and the shell 9; a stop device plate 20 is fixed on one of the end covers 17, and the stop device plate 20 is used for being fixedly connected with a fixed structure;

a plurality of O-shaped sealing rings 21 are arranged at the joint of the shell 9 and the pull rod 2.

When the tool is used for finish machining of the elongated hole, a pulling and reaming method is adopted, firstly, the tool is in threaded connection with the pull rod 1, the tool enters the elongated hole, the flat groove at the rear end of the pull rod 1 is connected with a machine tool to provide a power source for rotation of the pull rod 1, the tool starts to cut at the moment, the first self-guiding part 3 and the second self-guiding part 4 at the front end of the tool not only have the function of front positioning, but also play a supporting role in the hole, and the two self-guiding parts greatly increase the rigidity of the tool. First 3 have the helicla flute of same phase with cutting portion 2 from guide portion, make things convenient for the chip removal, the diameter of second from guide portion 4 is slightly less than cutting portion 1, and the second can not only play the effect of support in the hole effectively to restrain the vibration from guide portion 4, has set up four cutting fluid flow holes 7 from guide portion 4 equipartition in addition at the second, makes the cutting fluid spray the cutting portion. Cutting fluid is input at high pressure through a cutting fluid high-pressure hose 13, conveyed into a liquid collecting cavity 10 through a quick-change connector 12 and a conveying channel 11, then conveyed into a threaded blind hole through an inflow hole and an inner cooling hole 8, and finally sprayed out at high pressure through four uniformly distributed cutting fluid outflow holes to be sprayed onto a cutter.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.