阅读说明：本技术 一种粘土溢流导致红树林受损的修复方法 (Method for repairing mangrove forest damage caused by clay overflow ) 是由 刘文爱 范航清 薛云红 莫竹承 潘良浩 李丽凤 陶艳成 于 2021-09-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种粘土溢流导致红树林受损的修复方法,属于红树林区域修复技术领域,通过修复原有潮沟或营造新潮沟,再在粘土层铺上一层5-10cm厚的粗沙改善表层土壤的粒径结构和通气状况,然后盐沼草再恢复红树林植被,在红树林间设置蚝桩,在未死亡红树林植株的树干、树叶上释放黑口滨螺、不等蛤,在未死亡红树林的气生根上移植刚毛藻。能够实现在2-3年时间内修复由于粘土溢流导致的红树林受损情况,解决粘土附着导致的红树林根、树干、叶面缺氧的问题,以及粘土溢流区域新种植红树林成活率极低的问题。(The invention discloses a method for repairing mangrove damage caused by clay overflow, which belongs to the technical field of mangrove area repair, and comprises the steps of repairing an original tidal ditch or building a new tidal ditch, paving a layer of coarse sand with the thickness of 5-10cm on a clay layer to improve the particle size structure and the ventilation condition of surface soil, then recovering mangrove vegetation by common halophyte, arranging oyster piles among mangroves, releasing Hemsleya amabilis and unequal clams on trunks and leaves of non-dead mangrove plants, and transplanting cladophora into aerial roots of the non-dead mangroves. The method can repair the damaged condition of the mangrove forest caused by clay overflow within 2-3 years, solve the problem of oxygen deficiency of roots, trunks and leaf surfaces of the mangrove forest caused by clay adhesion and solve the problem of extremely low survival rate of the newly planted mangrove forest in a clay overflow area.)

1. A method for repairing mangrove forest damage caused by clay overflow is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) cleaning and removing dead mangrove plants and reserving non-dead mangrove plants in the mangrove forest area damaged by the clay;

(2) for the tidal flat patch which is reduced and becomes shallow in the area covered by the external clay, the original tidal flat is repaired, widened and deepened;

excavating a new tidal trench on the tidal flat patch without the tidal trench in the area covered by the foreign clay;

(3) then, paving a layer of coarse sand with the thickness of 5-10cm on the mudflat of the covered area by the clay; then according to 100 +/-10 cm²/m²Planting the saline marsh grass at the density, and planting mangrove vegetation again after the saline marsh grass survives and covers more than 60 percent of the mudflat;

(4) oyster piles are arranged in mangrove forest, the periwinkle and the unequal clams are released on the trunks and the leaves of the plants of the non-dead mangrove forest, and cladophora is transplanted on the aerial roots of the non-dead mangrove forest.

2. The method for restoring mangrove forest damage due to clay overflow of claim 1, wherein the swamp grasses are any one or a combination of two or more of zoysia japonica, sage, paspalum vaginatum, bermuda grass and spartina alterniflora.

3. The method for remediating mangrove damage caused by clay flooding of claim 1, wherein the newly planted mangrove variety is mangrove pioneer species.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the mangrove forest pioneer species is Avicennia marina or Aegiceras corniculatum.

5. The method for repairing mangrove forest damage caused by clay overflow according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), 2-3 oyster piles are arranged in every 100 square meters of mangrove forest; the length of each oyster pile is 60-80cm, the oyster piles depend on each other, and more than 10 fresh oysters are placed on each oyster pile.

6. The method for repairing mangrove damage caused by clay flooding according to claim 1, wherein each mangrove plant releases 20 ± 5 thamnus nigra and/or varix.

7. The method for repairing mangrove forest damage caused by clay overflow of claim 1, wherein the cladophora transplanting is carried out by transplanting cladophora to 4 direction aerial roots around each mangrove forest plant, 3-5 aerial roots are selected in each direction, and a strand of cladophora is wound around each aerial root.

8. The method for repairing mangrove forest damage caused by clay overflow of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when the area covered by the foreign clay is less than 2 acres, the width and depth of the trimming or digging tidal trench are 30 ± 5 cm;

when the area of the area covered by the external clay is between 2 and 10 mu, trimming or excavating the width and the depth of the tidal trench to be 45 +/-5 cm;

when the area of the area covered by the foreign clay exceeds 10 mu, the width of the trimmed or excavated tidal trench is 75 +/-5 cm; the depth is 45 +/-5 cm.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mangrove forest area repair, and particularly relates to a method for repairing mangrove forest damage caused by clay overflow.

Background

Mangrove forest grows on the upper part of the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical low-energy coast, is soaked by periodic tide, the tidal flat wetland woody biocenosis composed of evergreen shrubs or arbors taking mangrove plants as main bodies grows on the shoal of the land and ocean boundary zone, and is a special ecosystem for land to ocean transition; can prevent wind and wave, promote siltation and protect the beach, fix the bank and protect the dike, purify the sea water and air, help the diversity of the ecosystem.

At the present stage, human beings frequently move in coastal areas, engineering construction is increasingly developed to the periphery of mangrove forest areas, and due to various reasons, a large amount of clay materials in the engineering construction, such as kaolin and the like, leak into the mangrove forest areas, so that part of mangrove forest plants are gradually anoxic and even die because of being covered by the clay, and the temporarily living mangrove forest also grows badly and gradually dies because of the attachment of a large amount of clay on trunks, respiratory roots and leaf surfaces; due to the existence of the clay, even if the dead mangrove forest is cleaned and removed, the newly constructed mangrove forest can be newly developed on the mudflat, and the survival rate is extremely low. Therefore, the problem to be solved is how to repair the mangrove forest area polluted by clay overflow so as to recover the vitality in a short time.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for repairing mangrove damage caused by clay overflow, which can repair the mangrove damage caused by clay overflow within 2-3 years, solve the problem of oxygen deficiency of mangrove roots, trunks and leaf surfaces caused by clay adhesion, and solve the problem of extremely low survival rate of newly planted mangroves in a clay overflow area.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for repairing mangrove forest damage caused by clay overflow comprises the following steps:

(1) cleaning and removing dead mangrove plants and reserving non-dead mangrove plants in the mangrove forest area damaged by the clay;

(2) for the tidal flat patch which is reduced and becomes shallow in the area covered by the external clay, the original tidal flat is repaired, widened and deepened;

excavating a new tidal trench on the tidal flat patch without the tidal trench in the area covered by the foreign clay;

(3) then, paving a layer of coarse sand with the thickness of 5-10cm on the mudflat of the covered area by the clay; then according to 100 +/-10 cm²/m²Planting the saline marsh grass at the density, and planting mangrove vegetation again after the saline marsh grass survives and covers more than 60 percent of the mudflat;

(4) oyster piles are arranged in mangrove forest, the periwinkle and the unequal clams are released on the trunks and the leaves of the plants of the non-dead mangrove forest, and cladophora is transplanted on the aerial roots of the non-dead mangrove forest.

Further, the swamp grass is one or more of zoysia japonica, sage, paspalum, bermuda grass and spartina alterniflora.

Furthermore, the newly planted mangrove variety is a mangrove pioneer tree species.

Further, the pioneer tree species of the mangrove forest is avicennia marina or tung flower tree.

Further, 2-3 oyster piles are arranged in every 100 square meters in the mangrove forest; the length of each oyster pile is 60-80cm, the oyster piles depend on each other, and more than 10 fresh oysters are placed on each oyster pile.

Further, a total of 20 ± 5 thamnus nigra and/or varroa inequality were released per mangrove plant.

Furthermore, the cladophora transplantation is to transplant cladophora to 4 directions of aerial roots around each mangrove plant, 3-5 aerial roots are selected in each direction, and a strand of cladophora is wound on each aerial root.

Further, in the step (2), when the area of the area covered by the external clay is less than 2 mu, trimming or excavating the width and the depth of the tidal trench to be 30 +/-5 cm;

when the area of the area covered by the external clay is between 2 and 10 mu, trimming or excavating the width and the depth of the tidal trench to be 45 +/-5 cm;

when the area of the area covered by the foreign clay exceeds 10 mu, the width of the trimmed or excavated tidal trench is 75 +/-5 cm; the depth is 45 +/-5 cm.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the repairing method can realize repairing mangrove forest damage caused by clay overflow within 2-3 years, solve the problem of oxygen deficiency of mangrove forest roots, trunks and leaf surfaces caused by clay adhesion, and solve the problem of extremely low survival rate of newly planted mangrove forest in a clay overflow area.

2. The method firstly repairs the original tidal ditches on the beach or creates new tidal ditches, attracts the activities of foraging and the like of animals at deep sea, improves the interaction activities of the beach and seawater, and then lays a layer of coarse sand with the thickness of 5-10cm on the clay layer to improve the grain size structure and the ventilation condition of surface soil, thereby being beneficial to the growth and survival of the subsequently planted swamp grasses and mangrove forests; the mangrove forest of pioneer tree species is planted after the saline marsh grass survives in a large area, so that the air permeability and the water permeability of the mudflat can be greatly improved, the clay is prevented from being adhered to the surface of the newly planted mangrove forest again, and the survival rate of the mangrove forest is improved.

3. According to the invention, oyster piles are arranged in the mangrove forest, the periwinkle and the unequal clams are released on the trunks and leaves of the plants of the non-dead mangrove forest, and cladophora is transplanted on the aerial roots of the non-dead mangrove forest; the species can attract more animals to move, and can remove and filter clay particles floating in the water body by utilizing marine organisms, so that the condition that the clay adheres to mangrove plants can be effectively reduced, and the survival rate of the mangrove is further improved.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following examples to make the advantages and features of the present invention more readily understandable. In the following specific examples, repairing, widening and deepening the existing tidal trench are set according to the area of the area covered by the foreign clay, specifically: when the area of the area covered by the external clay is less than 2 mu, trimming or excavating the width and the depth of the tidal trench to be 30 +/-5 cm;

when the area of the area covered by the external clay is between 2 and 10 mu, trimming or excavating the width and the depth of the tidal trench to be 45 +/-5 cm;

when the area of the area covered by the foreign clay exceeds 10 mu, the width of the trimmed or excavated tidal trench is 75 +/-5 cm; the depth is 45 +/-5 cm.

Example 1

A method for repairing mangrove forest damage caused by clay overflow comprises the following steps:

(1) cleaning and removing dead mangrove plants and reserving non-dead mangrove plants in the mangrove forest area damaged by the clay;

(2) for the tidal flat patch which is reduced and becomes shallow in the area covered by the external clay, the original tidal flat is repaired, widened and deepened;

excavating a new tidal trench on the tidal flat patch without the tidal trench in the area covered by the foreign clay;

(3) then, spreading a layer of coarse sand with the thickness of 10cm on a beach of the covered area of the clay; then according to 100cm²/m²Planting the saline marsh grass at the density, and planting mangrove forest avicennia marina again after the saline marsh grass survives and covers more than 60% of the mudflat; the herba Salicorniae Herbacea is zoysia japonica, Salvia officinalis, Paspalum vaginatum, and Cynodon dactylon;

(4) arranging 2-3 oyster piles in every 100 square meters in the mangrove forest; each oyster pile is 60-80cm in length and depends on each other, and more than 10 fresh oysters are placed on each oyster pile; unequal clams are released on trunks and leaves of the non-dead mangrove plants, and 20 unequal clams are released from each mangrove plant; transplanting cladophora into the aerial roots of each mangrove forest in 4 directions around the plant, selecting 3-5 aerial roots in each direction, and winding a branch of cladophora on each aerial root.

Example 2

A method for repairing mangrove forest damage caused by clay overflow comprises the following steps:

(1) cleaning and removing dead mangrove plants and reserving non-dead mangrove plants in the mangrove forest area damaged by the clay;

(2) for the tidal flat patch which is reduced and becomes shallow in the area covered by the external clay, the original tidal flat is repaired, widened and deepened;

excavating a new tidal trench on the tidal flat patch without the tidal trench in the area covered by the foreign clay;

(3) then, paving a layer of coarse sand with the thickness of 5cm on the mudflat of the covered area of the clay; then according to 90cm²/m²Planting the saline marsh grass at the density, and planting the tung tree in the mangrove forest again after the saline marsh grass survives and covers more than 60 percent of the mudflat; the herba Salicorniae Herbacea is zoysia japonica or herba Salvia officinalis;

(4) arranging 2-3 oyster piles in every 100 square meters in the mangrove forest; each oyster pile is 60-80cm in length and depends on each other, and more than 10 fresh oysters are placed on each oyster pile; releasing the periwinkle on the trunks and leaves of the non-dead mangrove plants, wherein 25 periwinkle are released from each mangrove plant; transplanting cladophora into the aerial roots of each mangrove forest in 4 directions around the plant, selecting 3-5 aerial roots in each direction, and winding a branch of cladophora on each aerial root.

Example 3

A method for repairing mangrove forest damage caused by clay overflow comprises the following steps:

(1) cleaning and removing dead mangrove plants and reserving non-dead mangrove plants in the mangrove forest area damaged by the clay;

(2) for the tidal flat patch which is reduced and becomes shallow in the area covered by the external clay, the original tidal flat is repaired, widened and deepened;

excavating a new tidal trench on the tidal flat patch without the tidal trench in the area covered by the foreign clay;

(3) then, paving a layer of coarse sand with the thickness of 8cm on the mudflat of the covered area of the clay; then according to 110cm²/m²Planting the saline marsh grass in the density, and after the saline marsh grass survivesAfter covering more than 60% of the tidal flat, planting mangrove avicennia marina again; the herba Salicorniae Herbacea is zoysia japonica, Salvia officinalis, Paspalum vaginatum, and Cynodon dactylon;

(4) arranging 2-3 oyster piles in every 100 square meters in the mangrove forest; each oyster pile is 60-80cm in length and depends on each other, and more than 10 fresh oysters are placed on each oyster pile; releasing the periwinkle and the unequal clams on the trunks and leaves of the non-dead mangrove plants, wherein 15 periwinkle and unequal clams are released in each mangrove plant; transplanting cladophora into the aerial roots of each mangrove forest in 4 directions around the plant, selecting 3-5 aerial roots in each direction, and winding a branch of cladophora on each aerial root.

Comparative example 1

The difference from example 1 is that: no oyster stump, unequal clams and cladophora are placed.

Comparative example 2

The difference from comparative example 1 is that: no saline swamp grass is planted.

Application examples

In 2017, a repair test is carried out on a mangrove forest region with damaged clay overflow in the north sea, the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1 and 2 are respectively adopted for regional repair planting, the survival rate of the mangrove forest after two years and 80% of successful repair time of the mangrove forest are recorded, and the records are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

	Example 1	Example 2	Example 3	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
						Survival rate (%)	100	95	100	80	60
Repair time	21 month	22 months	21 month	23 months old	-

As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the method of the embodiments 1-3 of the present invention has high success rate and short time consumption for mangrove forest restoration; and still keep alive in the subsequent observation, the death situation does not appear; the clay repair in the comparative example was poor and there were still few cases of adhesion to mangrove.

The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made thereto by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.