阅读说明：本技术 膝关节置钉导板 (Knee joint nail-placing guide plate ) 是由 张逸凌 刘星宇 于 2021-08-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开了一种膝关节置钉导板。所述膝关节置钉导板包括：贴骨拟合面、背骨面和力线标识部；所述贴骨拟合面被配置为与所述膝关节贴合,所述背骨面与所述贴骨拟合面相对,所述力线标识线设置在所述背骨面上,且限定有虚拟标识线或设置有实体标识线,所述虚拟标识线或所述实体标识线在平行于所述膝关节的力线的平面的投影与所述膝关节的力线在该平面的投影重合,以校正所述贴骨拟合面与所述膝关节的固定位置。本申请解决相关技术中导板与力线对齐不精准的技术问题。(The application discloses nail baffle is put to knee joint. The nail baffle is put to knee joint includes: a bone fitting surface, a dorsal bone surface and a force line identification part; the fitting surface is configured to be fitted with the knee joint, the dorsal bone surface is opposite to the fitting surface, the force line identification line is arranged on the dorsal bone surface, a virtual identification line is limited or an entity identification line is arranged, and the projection of the virtual identification line or the entity identification line on a plane parallel to the force line of the knee joint is superposed with the projection of the force line of the knee joint on the plane so as to correct the fitting surface and the fixed position of the knee joint. The application solves the technical problem that a guide plate is not accurately aligned with a force line in the related art.)

1. A knee joint puts nail baffle which characterized in that includes: a bone fitting surface, a dorsal bone surface and a force line identification part;

the fitting surface is configured to be fitted with the knee joint, the dorsal bone surface is opposite to the fitting surface, the force line identification part is arranged on the dorsal bone surface, a virtual identification line is limited or an entity identification line is arranged, and the projection of the virtual identification line or the entity identification line on a plane parallel to the force line of the knee joint is superposed with the projection of the force line of the knee joint on the plane so as to correct the fitting surface and the fixed position of the knee joint.

2. The knee joint nail placing guide plate according to claim 1, wherein the force line identification part is a groove or a protrusion arranged on the dorsal surface, and the shape of the force line identification part is one of a regular shape and an irregular shape.

3. The knee joint nail placing guide plate according to claim 1,

the projection of the force line identification part on a plane perpendicular to the virtual identification line or the entity identification line is arc-shaped, and the virtual axis of the force line identification part is the virtual identification line.

4. The knee joint nail placing guide plate according to claim 1, wherein the dorsal bone surface includes a dorsal bone anterior surface for opposing the anterior surface of the knee joint, and both end portions in the extending direction of the force line identification portion are respectively located in the middle of an upper end edge and the middle of a lower end edge of the dorsal bone anterior surface.

5. The guide plate for placing the nail in the knee joint according to claim 1, further comprising a positioning hole and a guide post, wherein the positioning hole penetrates through the bone fitting surface and the dorsal surface, the guide post is fixed in the positioning hole, the guide post is provided with a guide nail hole for guiding a bone nail, and the hardness of the material of the guide post is greater than that of the material forming the positioning hole.

6. The guide plate for placing nails on knee joint according to claim 5, wherein the positioning holes are regular holes or irregular holes, and the shape of the guide post is matched with the shape of the positioning holes.

7. The knee nailing guide of claim 5, wherein the material of the guide post comprises metal.

8. The knee joint nail placing guide plate according to claim 1, further comprising a correcting part and a force line hole arranged on the back bone surface, wherein the correcting part is installed on the force line hole so as to use the correcting part to match with the force line identification part to correct the fixing position of the bone fitting surface and the knee joint.

9. The knee joint nail placing guide plate according to claim 8, wherein the number of the force wire holes is two, and the midpoint of the central connecting line of the two force wire holes is positioned on the virtual marking line or the solid marking line.

10. The knee joint nail placing guide plate according to claim 9, wherein the correcting member comprises a force line rod and a handle, one end of the handle facing the dorsal surface is provided with two positioning rods corresponding to the two force line holes one to one, the two positioning rods are correspondingly inserted into the two force line holes respectively, one end of the handle facing away from the dorsal surface is provided with a guide hole, and the force line rod is installed on the guide hole, so that the projection of the central axis of the force line rod on a plane parallel to the virtual identification line or the solid identification line coincides with the projection of the virtual identification line or the solid identification line on the plane.

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a knee joint nail placing guide plate.

Background

The success of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) depends on the positioning of the knee joint, the gap, and soft tissue balance, all of which depend on the correct position for placement of the prosthesis. According to the traditional TKA operation, the operation prediction is carried out only according to the X-ray or CT (computed tomography) angle of the knee joint before an operation, such as the deviation of a lower limb force line, the femoral valgus angle, the femoral external rotation angle and the like, and the rotation of the knee joint can also influence the angle judgment, so that operation errors can be caused. Meanwhile, the mechanical axis and the anatomical axis of the femur are not consistent, and most of the osteotomy positioning is traditionally realized by keeping the valgus angle of the femur fixed, so that corresponding errors can be caused when the lateral arch or the deformity of the femur is formed; the conventional surgical method of the intramedullary or extramedullary positioning instrument has single standard and can not meet the individual requirements. The accuracy of the location depends on the operative experience of the operator, and the intramedullary location has a large amount of bleeding, which may cause embolism.

The 3D printing personalized nail-placing guide plate assisted total knee joint replacement has the advantages that the medullary cavity does not need to be opened for osteotomy, the amount of bleeding can be reduced, the incidence rate of fat embolism is reduced, and the osteotomy is more accurate. At present, most guide plates are designed integrally and are integrally printed by using nylon materials, resin materials or polylactic acid materials in a 3D mode. The material for producing the guide plate by 3D printing needs to meet the requirements of biological property and mechanical property and is suitable for a plurality of requirements such as 3D printing technology, so that the selection range is very small, and the requirements of guide plate production are hardly met to the maximum. That is, the matching guide plate designed integrally and printed integrally in 3D has at least the following disadvantages:

because 3D printed material's limitation can leave a small amount of allowances in the locating hole design, even so still need by oneself the through-hole after the shaping, and still have in the art when the nailing machine with the problem of baffle locating hole wearing and tearing to produce the piece and seriously influence operation effect.

During sterilization, due to the characteristics of the printed material, particularly the position of the nail holes, the change of the physical environment may cause deformation, resulting in a reduction of the positioning effect during the operation.

Due to the characteristics of materials, when a nail is nailed in an operation, the nail cannot play a role in guiding due to vibration and errors of manual operation, and the accuracy of the guide plate is influenced.

The existing nail-placing guide plate can only verify the bone cutting amount of the distal femur and the anterior condyle and cannot verify whether the force line is accurate or not.

Aiming at the problem that the guide plate and the force line are not aligned accurately in the related art, an effective solution is not provided at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The main aim at of this application provides a nail baffle is put to knee joint to guide plate aligns inaccurate problem with the line of force among the solution correlation technique.

In order to achieve the purpose, the application provides a knee joint nail placing guide plate.

The knee joint puts nail baffle according to this application includes: a bone fitting surface, a dorsal bone surface and a force line identification part;

the fitting surface is configured to be fitted with the knee joint, the dorsal bone surface is opposite to the fitting surface, the force line identification part is arranged on the dorsal bone surface, a virtual identification line is limited or an entity identification line is arranged, and the projection of the virtual identification line or the entity identification line on a plane parallel to the force line of the knee joint is superposed with the projection of the force line of the knee joint on the plane so as to correct the fitting surface and the fixed position of the knee joint.

Optionally, the force line identification part is a groove or a protrusion arranged on the dorsal surface, and the shape of the force line identification part is one of a regular shape and an irregular shape.

Optionally, a projection of the force line identification portion on a plane perpendicular to the virtual identification line or the physical identification line is an arc, and a virtual axis of the force line identification portion is the virtual identification line.

Optionally, the dorsal bone surface includes a dorsal bone anterior surface for facing the anterior surface of the knee joint, and the two ends of the force line indicator in the extending direction are respectively located in the middle of the upper end edge and the middle of the lower end edge of the dorsal bone anterior surface.

Optionally, the bone-adhering device comprises a positioning hole and a guide pillar, the positioning hole penetrates through the bone-adhering fitting surface and the dorsal bone surface, the guide pillar is fixed in the positioning hole, a guide nail hole for guiding a bone nail is formed in the guide pillar, and the hardness of the material of the guide pillar is greater than that of the material forming the positioning hole.

Optionally, the positioning hole is a regular hole or a special-shaped hole, and the shape of the guide pillar is matched with the shape of the positioning hole.

Optionally, the material of the guide post comprises a metal.

Optionally, the correction piece is mounted on the force line hole, so that the correction piece is matched with the force line identification part to correct the fixing position of the bone fitting surface and the knee joint.

Optionally, the number of the force line holes is two, and a midpoint of a central connecting line of the two force line holes is located on the virtual identification line or the physical identification line.

Optionally, the correcting element includes a force line rod and a handle, one end of the handle facing the dorsal bone surface is provided with two positioning rods in one-to-one correspondence with the two force line holes, the two positioning rods are respectively inserted into the two force line holes, one end of the handle facing away from the dorsal bone surface is provided with a guide hole, and the force line rod is installed on the guide hole, so that the projection of the central axis of the force line rod on the plane parallel to the virtual identification line or the entity identification line coincides with the projection of the virtual identification line or the entity identification line on the plane.

In the embodiment of the application, a knee joint nail placing guide plate is provided, which is provided with: a bone fitting surface, a dorsal bone surface and a force line identification part; the fitting surface is configured to be fitted with the knee joint, the dorsal bone surface is opposite to the fitting surface, the force line identification part is arranged on the dorsal bone surface, a virtual identification line is limited or an entity identification line is arranged, and the projection of the virtual identification line or the entity identification line on a plane parallel to the force line of the knee joint is superposed with the projection of the force line of the knee joint on the plane so as to correct the fitting surface and the fixed position of the knee joint. Therefore, when the knee joint nail placing guide plate is placed at the position corresponding to the knee joint, whether the fitting surface of the bone is accurately placed at the fixed position of the knee joint can be determined by observing whether the projection of the virtual identification line or the entity identification line arranged on the force line identification part on the dorsal bone surface on the plane parallel to the force line of the knee joint is superposed with the projection of the force line of the knee joint on the plane, and when the projection of the virtual identification line or the entity identification line on the plane parallel to the force line of the knee joint is superposed with the projection of the force line of the knee joint on the plane, the fitting surface of the bone can be determined to be accurately placed at the fixed position corresponding to the knee joint. And then solved the technical problem that guide plate and line of force align inaccurate among the correlation technique.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, serve to provide a further understanding of the application and to enable other features, objects, and advantages of the application to be more apparent. The drawings and their description illustrate the embodiments of the invention and do not limit it. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a knee joint nail guide plate assembled on a knee joint model part according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is another schematic structural view of a knee joint nail guide assembled on a knee joint model part according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

In this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.

Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

Furthermore, the terms "provided", "connected", "fixed", "plugged" and "mounted" are to be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

In addition, the term "plurality" shall mean two as well as more than two.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

The embodiment of the application provides a knee joint nail placing guide plate, and fig. 1 and 2 show schematic diagrams of the knee joint nail placing guide plate assembled on a model part of a knee joint, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the knee joint nail placing guide plate comprises a bone fitting surface 1, a dorsal bone surface 2 and a force line identification part 3;

the fitting surface 1 is configured to be fitted with the knee joint, the dorsal bone surface 2 is opposite to the fitting surface 1, the force line identification part 3 is arranged on the dorsal bone surface 2, and a virtual identification line or a solid identification line is defined, that is, the identification line can be a virtual identification line which is not displayed for the force line identification part 3, or can be a solid identification line which is carved on the force line identification part 3, or the force line identification part 3 is the solid identification line which is carved on the dorsal bone surface 2. The projection of the virtual identification line or the solid identification line on a plane parallel to the force line of the knee joint is superposed with the projection of the force line of the knee joint on the plane so as to correct the fixed position of the bone fitting surface 1 and the knee joint.

Specifically, when the knee joint nail placing guide plate is placed at a position corresponding to a knee joint, whether the bone fitting surface 1 is accurately placed at the fixed position of the knee joint can be determined by observing whether the projection of a virtual identification line or an entity identification line arranged on the dorsal bone surface 2 on a plane parallel to the force line of the knee joint and the projection of the force line of the knee joint on the plane coincide, and when the projection of the virtual identification line or the entity identification line on the plane parallel to the force line of the knee joint and the projection of the force line of the knee joint on the plane coincide, the bone fitting surface 1 can be determined to be accurately placed at the fixed position corresponding to the knee joint.

In some embodiments, the force line indicator 3 may be a groove 5 or a protrusion provided on the dorsal bone side 2.

The force line identification part 3 may be formed by a groove 5 or a protrusion, specifically, the force line identification part 3 may be provided with a solid identification line which is independently depicted on the groove 5 or the protrusion, or the force line identification part 3 is limited to a virtual identification line which is formed by a virtual axis of the groove 5 or the protrusion. The groove 5 or the bulge is easier to observe relative to the line, so that a doctor can know the approximate position of the force line identification part 3 in time.

The shape of the force line identification part 3 can be regular or irregular, for example, the projection shape of the force line identification part 3 on the plane perpendicular to the virtual identification line or the solid identification line is regular such as arc, V, square, trapezoid, etc. It is understood that a shaped refers to an irregular shape as opposed to a regular shape.

For example, the projection of the force line identifier 3 on a plane perpendicular to the virtual identifier line or the physical identifier line may be an arc, and the virtual axis of the force line identifier 3 is the virtual identifier line. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the force line identification part 3 is a semicircular groove, that is, the projection of the force line identification part 3 on a plane perpendicular to the virtual identification line or the physical identification line is semicircular, and the virtual axis of the semicircular force line identification part 3 forms the virtual identification line, so that the shape of the force line identification part 3 constructed in this way is simple and common, and is easier to observe.

For another example, the force line indicator 3 may be a V-shaped groove, that is, the projection of the force line indicator 3 on a plane perpendicular to the virtual indicator line or the physical indicator line is a V-shape, and an intersecting line defined by intersecting two sides of the V-shaped force line indicator 3 forms the virtual indicator line.

As shown in fig. 1, the bone-fitting surface of the nail guide generally fits the anterior and inferior surfaces of the distal femur (lower end of femur 4), and correspondingly, the dorsal surface opposes the anterior and inferior surfaces of the distal femur. Specifically, the bone-fitted surface may generally include a bone-fitted anterior surface for generally conforming to an anterior surface of the knee joint and a bone-fitted lower surface for generally conforming to a lower surface of the knee joint, and accordingly, the dorsal surface of the nail guide may include a dorsal bone anterior surface opposite the bone-fitted anterior surface and a dorsal bone lower surface opposite the bone-fitted lower surface, that is, the dorsal surface of the nail guide may generally include a dorsal bone anterior surface for opposite the anterior surface of the knee joint and a dorsal bone lower surface opposite the lower surface of the knee joint.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the two ends of the force line indicator 3 in the extending direction are respectively located in the middle of the upper end edge and the middle of the lower end edge of the anterior surface of the dorsal bone, so that a more obvious indicating effect is achieved.

In some embodiments, the knee joint nail guide plate may further include a positioning hole 6 and a guide post 7, the positioning hole 6 penetrates through the bone fitting surface 1 and the dorsal bone surface 2, the guide post 7 is fixed in the positioning hole 6, a guide nail hole for guiding the bone nail is provided on the guide post 7, and the hardness of the material of the guide post 7 may be greater than that of the material constituting the positioning hole 6.

The knee joint nail placing guide plate body provided by the embodiment of the application can be printed by adopting conventional 3D, the individualized requirements of different patients are met, the nail holes are guided by the guide pillars 7 positioned in the positioning holes 6, the material hardness of the guide pillars 7 is greater than that of the positioning holes 6, the guide pillars 7 can be made of metal materials, for example, medical steel materials are adopted, the metal materials cannot generate scraps in the using process and deform during sterilization, a good guiding effect is achieved during nailing in the operation, the positioning in the operation is more accurate, the knee joint nail placing guide plate can be produced in batch, more technological requirements are met, and the accuracy is more accurate. The combination of the positioning hole 6 and the guide pillar 7 made of metal material meets the individual requirements of different patients and also meets the batch production of key parts.

The positioning hole 6 is a regular hole or a special-shaped hole, and the appearance of the guide post 7 is matched with the shape of the positioning hole 6. For example, the positioning hole 6 may be a regular hole such as a circular hole, a square hole, or a quincunx hole, and the irregular hole refers to an irregular shape other than the regular shape, for example, a hole combining a semicircular shape and a triangular shape.

Optionally, when the guide pillar 7 is cylindrical, the guide pillar 7 and the positioning hole 6 are in interference fit, and the guide pillar 7 and the positioning hole 6 are in interference fit, so that the guide pillar 7 and the positioning hole 6 are prevented from rotating, and when the guide pillar 7 and the positioning hole 6 are in a quincunx shape, the quincunx guide pillar 7 and the quincunx positioning hole 6 are matched, and due to the self locking effect, looseness and rotation caused by vibration during nail placement are well avoided.

Optionally, the nail baffle is put to knee joint that this application embodiment provided still includes correction part and the force line hole 8 of setting on the back bone face, and the correction part is installed on force line hole 8 to utilize correction part cooperation force line identification portion 3 to rectify the fixed position of pasting bone fitting surface 1 and knee joint.

Specifically, the position of the correcting part is limited through the force line hole 8, and whether the force line passes through the force line identification part 3 or not can be judged easily in the knee joint replacement surgery process through the correcting part, so that the accuracy of the better guarantee surgery is realized.

Alternatively, the number of force-line apertures is two, and the midpoint of the line connecting the centers of the two force-line apertures is located on a virtual or physical marking line, so that the position of the correction element can be accurately defined.

Optionally, the correction piece includes power line pole 9 and handle 10, the one end of handle 10 towards dorsal bone surface 2 is equipped with two locating levers (not numbered) with two power line holes 8 one-to-one, two locating levers correspond respectively and peg graft in two power line holes 8, the one end that handle 10 deviates from dorsal bone surface 2 is equipped with the guiding hole, power line pole 9 is installed on the guiding hole, so that the axis of power line pole 9 is at the planar projection and the coincidence of virtual identification line or the entity identification line at this planar projection that is on a parallel with virtual identification line or entity identification line.

Specifically, through inserting handle 10 in the corresponding force line hole 8 to cooperate with force line pole 9, can judge whether the force line aligns with virtual identification line or entity identification line, thereby the accuracy of better guarantee operation goes on.

Optionally, the knee joint nail placing guide plate provided by the embodiment of the application further comprises a slot 11 for placing a sickle blade, so that a doctor can take an effect of intraoperatively referring to the bone cutting amount by placing the sickle blade on the slot 11 in an operation, and the accuracy and the safety of the nail placing guide plate are improved.

The application provides a nail baffle is put to knee joint, through setting up: the bone-sticking fitting surface 1, the dorsal bone surface 2 and the force line identification line 3; paste bone fitting surface 1 with the knee joint laminating, back bone surface 2 with paste bone fitting surface 1 is relative, force line identification line 3 sets up on the back bone surface 2, just force line identification line 3 is located the vertical center of back bone surface 2, so that force line identification line 3 with the force line of knee joint aligns, in order to rectify paste bone fitting surface 1 with the fixed position of knee joint. Thus, when the knee joint nail placing guide plate is placed at the position corresponding to the knee joint, whether the bone fitting surface 1 is accurately placed at the fixed position of the knee joint can be determined by observing whether the projection of the virtual identification line or the entity identification line arranged on the force line identification part 3 on the dorsal bone surface 2 on the plane parallel to the force line of the knee joint is superposed with the projection of the force line of the knee joint on the plane, and when the projection of the virtual identification line or the entity identification line on the plane parallel to the force line of the knee joint is superposed with the projection of the force line of the knee joint on the plane, the bone fitting surface 1 can be determined to be accurately placed at the fixed position corresponding to the knee joint. And then solved the technical problem that guide plate and line of force align inaccurate among the correlation technique.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.