阅读说明：本技术 一种全液压钻机的成孔装置及其施工方法 (Pore-forming device of full hydraulic drilling machine and construction method thereof ) 是由 王慧荣 巫晓林 虎振峰 王佩 王恩 薛强 杨慧 贾中伟 于 2021-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种全液压钻机的成孔装置及其施工方法,包括动力头、空压机和泥浆箱,动力头上安装有钻杆,空压机通过风管与钻杆相连通,动力头连接有排浆管,其中一路前置排浆管上连接有真空泵,另一路前置排浆管上连接有砂石泵,且真空泵通过前置排浆管与砂石泵连通,砂石泵通过后置排浆管与泥浆箱连通；前置排浆管上连接有第一阀门和第二阀门,后置排浆管上连接有第三阀门；本发明结合泵吸反循环与气举反循环钻进工艺的优点,通过一台设备将两种反循环转进方式融为一体,既能发挥现有设备的作用,又可以提高钻进速度,节能,节约人力、物力和搬迁、安装时间。(The invention relates to a pore-forming device of a full-hydraulic drilling machine and a construction method thereof, wherein the pore-forming device comprises a power head, an air compressor and a slurry tank, wherein the power head is provided with a drill rod, the air compressor is communicated with the drill rod through an air pipe, the power head is connected with slurry discharge pipes, one path of front slurry discharge pipe is connected with a vacuum pump, the other path of front slurry discharge pipe is connected with a sand pump, the vacuum pump is communicated with the sand pump through the front slurry discharge pipe, and the sand pump is communicated with the slurry tank through a rear slurry discharge pipe; the front slurry discharging pipe is connected with a first valve and a second valve, and the rear slurry discharging pipe is connected with a third valve; the invention combines the advantages of pumping reverse circulation and gas lift reverse circulation drilling process, integrates two reverse circulation transfer modes into a whole through one device, not only can play the role of the existing device, but also can improve the drilling speed, save energy, and save manpower, material resources and the time for moving and installing.)

1. The utility model provides a full-hydraulic drill's pore-forming device, includes unit head (2), air compressor machine (1) and mud case (3), install drilling rod (4) of fretwork form on the drive end of unit head (2), the port of giving vent to anger of air compressor machine (1) pass through tuber pipe (5) with the bottom side of drilling rod (4) is linked together its characterized in that: the power head (2) is provided with a slurry outlet (21), a slurry discharge pipe (6) is connected through the slurry outlet (21), the slurry discharge pipe (6) comprises a front slurry discharge pipe (61) and a rear slurry discharge pipe (62), the front slurry discharge pipe (61) is divided into two paths, one path of the front slurry discharge pipe (61) is connected with a vacuum pump (7), the other path of the front slurry discharge pipe (61) is connected with a sand pump (8), the vacuum pump (7) is communicated with the sand pump (8) through the front slurry discharge pipe (61), and the sand pump (8) is communicated with the slurry box (3) through the rear slurry discharge pipe (62); the slurry pump is characterized in that a first valve (9) and a second valve (10) are connected to the front slurry discharging pipe (61), the first valve (9) and the second valve (10) are located on two sides of the vacuum pump (7), a third valve (11) is connected to the rear slurry discharging pipe (62), and the third valve (11) is located on one side of the sand pump (8).

2. The hole-forming device of the all-hydraulic drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vacuum pump (7) is positioned above the sand pump (8), and the front slurry discharge pipe (61) connected to the vacuum pump (7) is positioned above the front slurry discharge pipe (61) connected to the sand pump (8).

3. The hole-forming device of the all-hydraulic drill according to claim 2, characterized in that: the front-mounted slurry discharge pipe (61) connected to the vacuum pump (7) is a transparent slurry discharge pipe.

4. The hole-forming device of the all-hydraulic drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air pipe (5) is connected with a fourth valve (12), and the fourth valve (12) is located on the outer side of the pile hole (13).

5. The hole-forming device of the all-hydraulic drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: the third valve (11) is a one-way valve, and the direction of the flow path is from the sand pump (8) to the mud tank (3).

6. A construction method using the hole-forming device of the full hydraulic drill according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the construction method comprises the following steps:

s1, measuring, positioning and lofting pile holes (13) to be drilled and embedding the pile holes into a pile casing;

s2, installing and debugging the full hydraulic drill;

s3, before the full-hydraulic drill drills into a hole, the hole forming device is installed on the full-hydraulic drill and debugged;

s4, when the drilling depth of the pile hole (13) is less than 80 meters, the full hydraulic drill drills through the hole forming device in a pumping reverse circulation mode, when the drilling depth of the pile hole (13) reaches 80 meters and the sinking ratio reaches 0.4, the full hydraulic drill drills through the hole forming device in a gas lift reverse circulation mode until the depth of the pile hole (13) needing to be drilled is reached;

and S5, performing sediment inspection and hole cleaning on the pile hole (13), and if the pile hole is not qualified, performing secondary hole cleaning until the pile hole is qualified and entering the next construction procedure.

7. The construction method of the hole forming device of the full hydraulic drill according to claim 6, characterized in that: the pumping reverse circulation mode adopted by the pore-forming device in the step S3 is as follows: after grout in a pile hole (13) in drilling is filled up, a fourth valve (12), a second valve (10) and a third valve (11) are closed, a first valve (9) is opened, a vacuum pump (7) is started, slurry in the pile hole (13) is sucked to a front-mounted grout discharging pipe (61) and fills a front-mounted grout discharging pipe (61) on the left side of the vacuum pump (7), the first valve (9) is closed at the moment of full suction, the second valve (10) is opened, then the slurry flows through the front-mounted grout discharging pipe (61) on the left side of a sand pump (8), the front-mounted grout discharging pipe (61) on the right side of the vacuum pump (7) is filled with the slurry, the second valve (10) and the vacuum pump (7) are closed when the sand pump (8) is filled with the slurry, the sand pump (8) is opened, the third valve (11) is opened at the same time, and reverse circulation pumping is started.

8. The construction method of the hole forming device of the full hydraulic drill according to claim 7, characterized in that: the gas lift reverse circulation mode adopted by the pore-forming device in the step S3 is as follows: and (3) closing the first valve (9) and the second valve (10), opening the third valve (11) and the fourth valve (12), starting the air compressor (1) and starting to perform gas lift reverse circulation.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of building construction, and particularly relates to a hole forming device of a full hydraulic drilling machine and a construction method thereof.

Background

The pile hole forming construction method is basically carried out by two different slag discharging methods of pumping reverse circulation slag discharging or gas lift reverse circulation slag discharging according to the prior art, namely:

pumping reverse circulation: the pumping reverse circulation is realized by utilizing the negative pressure generated at the suction port of the sand pump when the sand pump runs and the reverse pressure difference formed between the liquid level of the orifice and the suction port of the pump.

Gas lift reverse circulation: the gas-lift reverse circulation is that compressed air is delivered to a gas-water mixing chamber in a hole through an air supply pipeline (a parallel air pipe and a double-wall drill pipe), gas-liquid expansion and gas-liquid mixing are carried out to form a gas-liquid mixture with the specific gravity smaller than that of liquid, and the gas-liquid mixture rises along an inner hole of the drill pipe under the combined action of the gravity difference of the liquid inside and outside the drill pipe and the air-pressure momentum to drive flushing liquid and rock slag in the hole to rise and discharge the hole.

When pumping and gas lift reverse circulation drilling are carried out, the influence of the depth of a well hole on the slag discharge capacity is large. Practice proves that: when the pump pumps and drilling in a reverse circulation mode, the theoretical calculation value of the suction distance of the sand pump is 10 meters of water columns, but in actual production, the suction distance of the pump is about 6-8 meters, the slag discharge capacity is reduced along with the increase of the depth, and particularly after the depth reaches 80m, the slag discharge capacity is rapidly reduced. The power of gas lift reverse circulation is the weight difference of the inner and outer liquid columns of the drill rod string, and the liquid flow in the drill rod continuously rises under the action of the weight difference. When the hole depth is increased, the reverse circulation effect can still be maintained and the slag discharge capability is still strong as long as the gas-water mixer is placed at a proper position. However, the characteristics of the gas lift reverse circulation determine that the gas-water mixer must have a certain sinking ratio, otherwise, the reverse circulation mode cannot be formed. Generally speaking, the displacement of a reverse circulation system is large when the sinking ratio is large (within the pressure allowable range of a pressure fan), and the capacity of overcoming resistance in the system is large; according to the past construction experience, the pumping advantages are obvious when the pump is 0-60m, the pumping and gas lift slag discharging efficiency is almost the same when the pump is 60-80m, and the pumping efficiency is obviously reduced when the pump is more than 80 m. In a word, the pumping reverse circulation drilling efficiency of the shallow hole section is high, and the drilling efficiency is gradually reduced along with the increase of the hole depth; and the reverse circulation of gas lift is just the opposite.

Because the circulation effect of gas lift reverse circulation is influenced by the sinking ratio, the slag discharge requirement cannot be met during shallow hole drilling, the traditional method is to adopt a reverse blowing process, an iron plate is additionally arranged between a power head and a drill rod, so that gas is discharged from the bottom opening of the drill rod, bottom sediments are driven to upwards turn, finally, the drilling slags overflow from an orifice along with mud, and a mud pump is used for replenishing the mud into the hole from the orifice in the period. However, the method has undesirable slag discharging effect on the drill slag with larger hole bottom and large energy consumption, so the slag discharging mode is improved.

Because the traditional crawler drilling machine only can use a pump suction reverse circulation process, and the hydraulic drilling machine only can use a gas lift reverse circulation process, and the construction process conversion cost is considered, the current construction unit adopts either pump suction reverse circulation or gas lift reverse circulation construction process when constructing deep and long piles with the depth of more than 80m, and the construction is not combined with the characteristics of the pump suction reverse circulation process and the gas lift reverse circulation construction process. If a pump suction reverse circulation process and a gas lift reverse circulation process are adopted, two devices are respectively adopted to realize the construction according to the existing construction technology, the construction conversion cost is very high, the construction efficiency is low, and the manpower, material resources, relocation and installation time are greatly increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a pore-forming device of a full hydraulic drilling machine and a construction method thereof, which combine the advantages of a pumping reverse circulation and a gas lift reverse circulation drilling process and integrate two reverse circulation transfer modes by one device, thereby not only playing the function of the prior device, but also improving the drilling speed and saving manpower, material resources and moving and installing time.

The invention aims to solve the technical scheme that the pore-forming device of the full-hydraulic drilling machine comprises a power head, an air compressor and a slurry box, wherein a hollow-out drill rod is installed at the driving end of the power head, an air outlet port of the air compressor is communicated with the side surface of the bottom of the drill rod through an air pipe, a slurry outlet is formed in the power head, a slurry discharge pipe is connected through the slurry outlet, the slurry discharge pipe comprises a front slurry discharge pipe and a rear slurry discharge pipe, the front slurry discharge pipe is divided into two paths, one path of the front slurry discharge pipe is connected with a vacuum pump, the other path of the front slurry discharge pipe is connected with a sand pump, the vacuum pump is communicated with the sand pump through the front slurry discharge pipe, and the sand pump is communicated with the slurry box through the rear slurry discharge pipe; be connected with first valve and second valve on the leading thick liquid pipe of arranging, just first valve with the second valve respectively is located the both sides of vacuum pump, be connected with the third valve on the rearmounted thick liquid pipe of arranging, just the third valve is located one side of grit pump.

By adopting the pore-forming device, the pumping reverse circulation drilling and the gas lifting reverse circulation drilling can be integrated into a whole through one full hydraulic drilling machine, the function of the existing equipment can be exerted, the drilling speed can be improved, the energy is saved, and the manpower, material resources, the moving time and the installation time are saved.

Preferably, the vacuum pump is positioned above the sand pump, and the front slurry discharge pipe connected to the vacuum pump is positioned above the front slurry discharge pipe connected to the sand pump; therefore, when the front slurry discharge pipe connected to the vacuum pump is full of slurry, the slurry of the front slurry discharge pipe connected to the sand pump can be simultaneously ensured to be full of slurry.

Preferably, the front-mounted slurry discharge pipe connected to the vacuum pump is a transparent slurry discharge pipe, so that whether the front-mounted slurry discharge pipe is filled with slurry or not can be observed in time, the operation is more convenient, and the drilling efficiency is further improved.

Preferably, the air pipe is connected with a fourth valve, the fourth valve is located on the outer side of the pile hole, air inlet of the air compressor can be conveniently opened and closed, and switching operation between pumping reverse circulation and air lifting reverse circulation of construction workers is facilitated.

Preferably, the third valve is a one-way valve, and the direction of the flow path is from the sand pump to the mud tank; therefore, when the vacuum pump sucks slurry, the slurry in the slurry box can be prevented from being sucked into the front slurry discharge pipe.

A construction method of a pore-forming device adopting an all-hydraulic drill comprises the following steps:

s1, measuring, positioning and lofting pile holes to be drilled and embedding casing pipes;

s2, installing and debugging the full hydraulic drill;

s3, before the full-hydraulic drill drills into a hole, the hole forming device is installed on the full-hydraulic drill and debugged;

s4, when the drilling depth of the pile hole is less than 80 meters, the full-hydraulic drilling machine drills through the hole forming device in a pumping reverse circulation mode, when the drilling depth of the pile hole reaches 80 meters and the sinking ratio reaches 0.4, the full-hydraulic drilling machine drills through the hole forming device in a gas lift reverse circulation mode until the depth of the pile hole needing to be drilled is reached;

and S5, performing sediment inspection and hole cleaning on the pile hole, and if the pile hole is unqualified, performing secondary hole cleaning until the pile hole is qualified, and entering the next construction procedure.

By adopting the construction method of the pore-forming device, when deep and long piles with the depth of more than 80 meters are constructed, switching drilling between pumping reverse circulation and gas lifting reverse circulation can be realized by using a full hydraulic drilling machine and matching with the pore-forming device to form pores in the same pile hole, so that the effect of the existing equipment can be exerted, the drilling speed can be improved, and the manpower, material resources, the moving time and the installation time can be saved.

Preferably, the pumping reverse circulation mode adopted by the pore-forming device in the step S3 is as follows: firstly, after slurry in a drilled pile hole is filled, closing a fourth valve, a second valve and a third valve, opening a first valve and starting a vacuum pump, sucking the slurry in the pile hole to a front slurry discharge pipe and filling the front slurry discharge pipe on the left side of the vacuum pump, closing the first valve at the moment of full suction, opening the second valve, then passing the slurry through the front slurry discharge pipe on the left side of a sand pump, flowing through the sand pump and filling the front slurry discharge pipe on the right side of the vacuum pump, closing the second valve and the vacuum pump when the sand pump is filled with the slurry, opening the sand pump, and simultaneously opening the third valve to start pumping reverse circulation; the reverse circulation of the pump is pumped by switching the valves, so that the construction is more convenient.

Preferably, the gas lift reverse circulation mode adopted by the pore-forming device in the step S3 is as follows: closing the first valve and the second valve, opening the third valve and the fourth valve, starting the air compressor, and starting to perform gas lift reverse circulation; realize the gas lift reverse circulation through the switching between the above-mentioned valve, it is more convenient to be under construction.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the pore-forming apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a construction method of the hole forming device of the full hydraulic drilling machine.

The reference numbers in the drawings are respectively: 1. an air compressor; 2. a power head; 3. a mud tank; 4. a drill stem; 5. an air duct; 6. a slurry discharge pipe; 7. a vacuum pump; 8. a sand pump; 9. a first valve; 10. a second valve; 11. a third valve; 12. a fourth valve; 13. pile holes; 21. a pulp outlet; 61. a front pulp discharge pipe; 62. the slurry discharge pipe is arranged at the rear part.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following drawings: as shown in the attached figure 1, the mud-slurry drilling device comprises a power head 2, an air compressor 1 and a mud tank 3, wherein a hollow-out drill rod 4 is installed at the driving end of the power head 2, the power head 2 drives the drill rod 4 to drill, and an air outlet port of the air compressor 1 is communicated with the side face of the bottom of the drill rod 4 through an air pipe 5, so that compressed air can be smoothly sent to an air-water mixing chamber in the drill rod 4 by the air compressor 2; the power head 2 is provided with a slurry outlet 21, the slurry outlet 21 is connected with a slurry discharge pipe 6, the slurry discharge pipe 6 comprises a front slurry discharge pipe 61 and a rear slurry discharge pipe 62, the front slurry discharge pipe 61 is divided into two paths, one path of the front slurry discharge pipe 61 is connected with a vacuum pump 7 and is communicated with the two paths of the front slurry discharge pipe, and the other path of the front slurry discharge pipe 61 is connected with a sand pump 8 and is communicated with the two paths of the front slurry discharge pipe; the vacuum pump 7 is communicated with the sand pump 8 through a front slurry discharge pipe 61, so that a loop is formed between the vacuum pump and the sand pump; the sand pump 8 is communicated with the mud tank 3 through a rear mud discharging pipe 62; the front slurry discharge pipe 61 is connected with a first valve 9 and a second valve 10, the first valve 9 and the second valve 10 are respectively positioned at two sides of the vacuum pump 7, the rear slurry discharge pipe 62 is connected with a third valve 11, and the third valve 11 is positioned at one side of the sand pump 8; and the first valve 9, the second valve 10 and the fourth valve 12 are all two-way control valves without flow direction limitation. By adopting the pore-forming device, when a deep and long pile with the depth of more than 80m is constructed, the pump suction reverse circulation drilling and the gas lift reverse circulation drilling can be integrated by one full hydraulic drilling machine, the function of the existing full hydraulic drilling machine can be exerted, the drilling speed can be improved, the energy is saved, and the manpower, material resources, the moving time and the installation time are saved.

The vacuum pump 7 is positioned above the sand pump 8 and is arranged along the vertical direction of the drill rod 4, and the vacuum pump 7 and the sand pump 8 are fixed on a rack (not shown in the figure) of the full hydraulic drilling machine through a bracket; the front slurry discharge pipe 61 connected to the vacuum pump 7 is positioned above the front slurry discharge pipe 61 connected to the sand pump 8, and the front slurry discharge pipe 61 is supported by a support frame (not shown) on a rack of the full hydraulic drilling machine, so that when the front slurry discharge pipe connected to the vacuum pump is full, slurry of the front slurry discharge pipe connected to the sand pump can be simultaneously filled.

The front slurry discharge pipe 61 connected to the vacuum pump 7 is a transparent slurry discharge pipe, so that whether the front slurry discharge pipe is filled with slurry or not can be observed in time, the operation is more convenient, and the drilling efficiency is further improved; the diameter of the front slurry discharge pipe 61 connected to the vacuum pump 7 is smaller than that of the front slurry discharge pipe 61 connected to the sand pump 8, so that when the pump sucks reverse circulation, the front slurry discharge pipe 61 connected to the vacuum pump 7 can be filled with slurry in time, and meanwhile, the slurry can be smoothly pumped out from the drill rod hole to the sand pump 8, and the construction efficiency is higher.

Be connected with fourth valve 12 on tuber pipe 5, just fourth valve 12 is located the outside of stake hole 13, can be more convenient for like this open and close the air inlet of air compressor machine, the switching operation between the reverse circulation of the pump suction of the workman of being convenient for simultaneously and the gas lift reverse circulation.

The third valve 11 is a one-way valve, and the direction of the flow path is from the sand pump 8 to the mud tank 3; therefore, when the vacuum pump sucks slurry, the slurry in the slurry box can be prevented from being sucked into the front slurry discharge pipe.

A construction method of a pore-forming device adopting an all-hydraulic drilling machine is shown in the attached figure 2, and comprises the following steps:

s1, measuring, positioning and lofting the pile hole 13 to be drilled and embedding the pile hole into a pile casing;

s2, installing and debugging the full hydraulic drill;

s3, before the full-hydraulic drill drills into a hole, the hole forming device is installed on the full-hydraulic drill and debugged;

s4, when the drilling depth of the pile hole 13 is less than 80 meters, the full hydraulic drill drills through the hole forming device in a pumping reverse circulation mode, when the drilling depth of the pile hole 13 reaches 80 meters and the sinking ratio reaches 0.4, the full hydraulic drill drills through the hole forming device in a gas lift reverse circulation mode until the depth of the pile hole 13 needing to be drilled is reached;

and S5, performing sediment inspection and hole cleaning on the pile hole 13, and if the pile hole is unqualified, performing secondary hole cleaning until the pile hole is qualified, and entering the next construction procedure.

By adopting the construction method of the pore-forming device, when deep and long piles with the depth of more than 80 meters are constructed, switching drilling between pumping reverse circulation and gas lifting reverse circulation can be realized by using a full hydraulic drilling machine and matching with the pore-forming device to form pores in the same pile hole, so that the effect of the existing equipment can be exerted, the drilling speed can be improved, and the manpower, material resources, the moving time and the installation time can be saved; and through the switching among the valves arranged on the pore-forming device and the connection relation among the slurry discharge pipe, the vacuum pump and the sand pump, the switching drilling between the pumping reverse circulation and the gas lift reverse circulation of one device can be realized.

The pumping reverse circulation mode adopted by the pore-forming device in the step S3 is as follows: firstly, after the slurry in the drilled pile hole 13 is fully filled, the fourth valve 12, the second valve 10 and the third valve 11 are closed, the first valve 9 is opened and the vacuum pump 7 is started, the slurry in the pile hole 13 is sucked to the front slurry discharge pipe 61 and is filled in the front slurry discharge pipe 61 positioned at the left side of the vacuum pump 7, and the first valve 9 is closed at the moment of full suction, and the second valve 10 is opened, then the slurry flows through the sand pump 8 through the front slurry discharge pipe 61 positioned at the left side of the sand pump 8 and fills the front slurry discharge pipe 61 positioned at the right side of the vacuum pump 7, thus, the aim of solving the problem of the limitation of the vacuum pumping head is that the sand pump achieves the circulation aim by increasing the flow rate of liquid passing through the pump body, and is filled with slurry before operation, if the vacuum pump only pumps slurry through the front slurry discharge pipe on the right side, the required lift is too large, and slurry cannot be pumped out of the drill rod hole to the sand pump, and the problem can be solved by firstly sucking the slurry up from the drill rod hole through the front slurry discharge pipe on the left side; when the sand pump 8 is filled with slurry, the second valve 10 and the vacuum pump 7 are closed, the sand pump 8 is opened and operated, and simultaneously the third valve 11 is opened to start pumping reverse circulation.

The gas lift reverse circulation mode adopted by the pore-forming device in the step S3 is as follows: the first valve 9 and the second valve 10 are closed, the third valve 11 and the fourth valve 12 are opened, the air compressor 1 is started, and at the moment, the air compressor 1 sends compressed air to the air-water mixing chamber in the drill stem 4 and starts to perform gas lift reverse circulation through the operation of the sand pump 8.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any changes in the shape or material composition, or any changes in the structural design provided by the present invention, are all modifications of the present invention, and should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.