阅读说明：本技术 一种齿轮双面啮合检测方法 (Gear double-face meshing detection method ) 是由 王刻强 杨医华 程群超 刘珍亮 周文 于 2021-09-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种齿轮双面啮合检测方法。本发明所述的一种齿轮双面啮合检测方法包括：选取两个被测齿轮组成被测齿轮组进行齿轮双面啮合测试,对得到的测试双面啮合中心距进行数据处理后,通过对中心距偏差进行判定,记录并根据侧隙计算得出该对齿轮实际安装中心距范围,将所述被测齿轮组记录在标准齿轮测试数据库中,根据设计从标准齿轮测试数据库中选择所述实际安装中心距范围合适的齿轮组。本发明所述的一种齿轮双面啮合检测方法具有避免使用高精度齿轮、降低不良品率的优点。(The invention relates to a gear double-face meshing detection method. The invention relates to a gear double-face meshing detection method, which comprises the following steps: selecting two tested gears to form a tested gear set to carry out gear double-sided meshing test, carrying out data processing on the obtained tested double-sided meshing center distance, judging the center distance deviation, recording and calculating according to the backlash to obtain the actual installation center distance range of the pair of gears, recording the tested gear set in a standard gear test database, and selecting the gear set with the appropriate actual installation center distance range from the standard gear test database according to design. The gear double-face meshing detection method has the advantages of avoiding using high-precision gears and reducing defective product rate.)

1. A gear double-face meshing detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S1, performing gear double-sided meshing test, selecting two tested gears to form a tested gear set, and respectively determining the two tested gears as a driving gear and a driven gear according to actual use conditions; installing the gear group to be tested on a gear double-sided meshing tester, enabling the two gears to be tested to be subjected to non-backlash double-sided meshing, determining the starting angle and the ending angle of the rotation period of the driving gear, selecting i sampling angles in the rotation period, controlling the driving gear to rotate from the starting angle to the ending angle, measuring the testing double-sided meshing center distance corresponding to the sampling angles, repeatedly performing multiple tests, and recording the testing double-sided meshing center distance of the nth (n is more than or equal to 1) rotation period as a_n(θ), θ being the sampling angle;

step S2, processing data, averaging the tested double-face meshing center distance values of the same sampling angle in each rotation period, and obtaining the double-face meshing center distance corresponding to each sampling angle in the rotation periodMean value of heart distance

Step S3, the center distance deviation is judged whenIf not, the meshing requirement is not met, wherein a is the double-face meshing center distance of the standard gear, f_aIs the center distance limit deviation;

step S4, recording and calculating the actual installation center distance range of the pair of gears according to the backlash, and recording the tested gear set in a standard gear test database, wherein the main parameter characteristic of the tested gear set is the average value of the double-sided meshing center distance;

and step S5, selecting and using, and selecting the gear set with the proper actual installation center distance range from a standard gear test database according to the design.

2. The gear double-sided engagement detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, comparing the measured center distances of the test double-sided meshes in each rotation period, and when the difference between the data in a certain rotation period and the data in other rotation periods is too large, the data in the rotation period is abnormal, and taking an average value to replace or retest until the data is normal; and when the data of each group of rotation periods are normal, averaging is performed.

3. The gear double-sided engagement detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the measured test double-face meshing center distance of each rotation period is plotted into a graph, when the difference between the curve of a certain rotation period and the curves of other rotation periods is too large, the data of the rotation period is abnormal, and an average value is adopted to replace or retest the data until the data is normal; and when the curves of each group of rotation periods are normal, averaging is performed.

4. A gear double-sided engagement detecting method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: in step S3, when the measured gear set does not meet the meshing requirement, a standard deviation determination is performed to calculate a total average center distance of double-sided meshingAnd standard deviation of center distance of double-sided engagementWhen σ is close to the normal value, andwhen the tooth profile error is higher than or lower than a, the tooth profile error of the tested gear is normal but the actual tooth profile of the gear is deviated, and the step S4 is continued; when the sigma is larger than the normal value, the error of the tooth profile of a damaged tooth or a single face in the gear to be tested is large, and the gear to be tested needs to be subjected to pairing test respectively.

5. The gear double-sided engagement detection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: and the pairing test is to perform pairing test on the two tested gears and the third gear respectively, find a specific failed gear, if the pairing test of the gears is normal, the tested gears return to the step S1 to continue the test, otherwise, the tested gears are failed gears and perform center distance matching.

6. The gear double-sided engagement detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: and the third gear is a gear qualified in tooth profile deviation detection or a high-precision standard gear.

7. The gear double-sided engagement detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: and after the failed gear is matched, returning the matched gear set to the step 1 for double-sided meshing test.

8. The gear double-sided engagement detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S4, the total average center-to-center distance of double-sided engagement is calculatedThe measured gear and the backlash j_bnHas a functional relationship, so let a_w＝f(j_bn) The actual installation center distance range of the measured gear is

9. The gear double-sided engagement detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotation period of the gear is one complete circle or integral multiple of the complete circle of the rotation of the driving gear.

10. The gear double-sided engagement detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the selection of the sampling angle is determined by the grating sampling frequency.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of gears, in particular to a gear double-face meshing detection method.

Background

The gear double-face meshing test is a method for evaluating the motion precision, work stability, tooth side clearance and the like of a gear by enabling a tested cylindrical gear and a standard part measuring gear or a measuring worm to be in gapless double-face meshing through an elastic pressing device on a gear double-face meshing tester, adjusting the center distance between the tested cylindrical gear and the standard part in a radial moving or swinging mode and adopting a scale or an indicator instrument to measure values.

However, this method has the following problems: firstly, a gear with 2-3 levels or even higher precision than the precision of a gear to be measured is generally required to be provided as a standard gear, the standard gear is abraded in the testing process, and the testing precision is reduced after long-time testing, so that the standard gear needs to be detected and replaced at regular time, the cost of the high-precision gear is higher, and a large amount of high-precision gears are damaged due to batch detection; and secondly, the tested gear is a single gear and is meshed with a standard gear, but in the actual application stage, two common gears are meshed, gear pairing work must be carried out according to the actual assembly condition, and when a gear tester and an application manufacturer are not the same, the gear pairing work is difficult to complete.

Disclosure of Invention

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting double-sided engagement of gears, which has advantages of avoiding the use of high-precision gears and reducing the defective product rate.

The gear double-face meshing detection method comprises the following steps:

step S1, performing gear double-sided meshing test, selecting two tested gears to form a tested gear set, and respectively determining the two tested gears as a driving gear and a driven gear according to actual use conditions; installing the gear group to be tested on a gear double-sided meshing tester, enabling the two gears to be tested to be subjected to non-backlash double-sided meshing, determining the starting angle and the ending angle of the rotation period of the driving gear, selecting i sampling angles in the rotation period, controlling the driving gear to rotate from the starting angle to the ending angle, measuring the testing double-sided meshing center distance corresponding to the sampling angles, repeatedly performing multiple tests, and recording the testing double-sided meshing center distance of the nth (n is more than or equal to 1) rotation period as a_n(θ), θ being the sampling angle;

step S2, processing data, averaging the tested double-face meshing center distance values of the same sampling angle in each rotation period,obtaining the average value of the double-sided meshing center distance corresponding to each sampling angle in the rotation period

Step S3, the center distance deviation is judged whenIf not, the meshing requirement is not met, wherein a is the double-face meshing center distance of the standard gear, f_aIs the center distance limit deviation;

step S4, recording and calculating the actual installation center distance range of the pair of gears, and recording the gear set to be tested in a standard gear test database, wherein the main parameter characteristic of the gear set to be tested is the average value of the center distances of double-sided meshing;

and step S5, selecting and using, and selecting the gear set with the proper actual installation center distance range from a standard gear test database according to the design.

According to the gear double-face meshing detection method, two gears to be detected are directly tested and directly butted with an application scene, the actual meshing center distance is used as a pairing standard, the use of high-precision gears is avoided, the gears can be recorded and put in storage after the test is finished, the application is detected in one step, the abrasion is avoided, and the cost is low.

Further, in step S2, comparing the measured center distances of the test double-sided meshes in each rotation period, and when the difference between the data in a certain rotation period and the data in other rotation periods is too large, the data in the rotation period is abnormal, and taking an average value to replace or retest the data until the data is normal; and when the data of each group of rotation periods are normal, averaging is performed. The steps can improve the accuracy of the data.

Further, in step S2, the measured test double-face meshing center distance of each rotation period is plotted into a graph, when the curve of a certain rotation period is too different from the curves of other rotation periods, the data of the rotation period is abnormal, and an average value is adopted to replace or retest the data until the data is normal; and when the curves of each group of rotation periods are normal, averaging is performed. The step draws the center distance into a curve, visualizes the data and is convenient for data processing.

Further, in step S3, when the measured gear set does not meet the meshing requirement, a standard deviation determination is performed to calculate a total average center distance of the double-sided meshingAnd standard deviation of center distance of double-sided engagementWhen σ is close to the normal value, andwhen the tooth profile error is higher than or lower than a, the tooth profile error of the tested gear is normal but the actual tooth profile of the gear is deviated, and the step S4 is continued; when the sigma is larger than the normal value, the error of the tooth profile of a damaged tooth or a single face in the gear to be tested is large, and the gear to be tested needs to be subjected to pairing test respectively. And judging the gears which do not meet the meshing requirement, and improving the utilization rate of unqualified products.

Further, the pairing test is to pair the two tested gears with the third gear respectively, find out a specific failed gear, if the gear pairing test is normal, the tested gear returns to the step S1 to continue the test, otherwise, the tested gear is a failed gear, and perform center distance matching. The step screens out normal gears, and improves the product percent of pass.

Further, the third gear is a gear qualified for tooth profile deviation detection or a high-precision standard gear. The third gear improves the accuracy of the test.

Further, after the failed gear is completed, the completed gear set needs to be returned to the step 1 for the double-sided meshing test. Ensure that the pairing of the failed gears also meets the requirements.

Further, in step S4, the double-sided are calculatedTotal average center distance of engagementThe measured gear and the backlash j_bnHas a functional relationship, so let a_w＝f(j_bn) The actual installation center distance range of the measured gear is

Further, the rotation period of the gear is one complete rotation or integral multiple of the complete rotation of the driving gear. Facilitating the measurement of the data.

Further, the selection of the sampling angle is determined by the grating sampling frequency. The measurement efficiency is improved.

For a better understanding and practice, the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a gear double-sided engagement detection method according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a gear double-sided engagement detection method according to the present invention. The invention discloses a gear double-face meshing detection method, which can be used for exploring the performance parameters of a gear set consisting of two tested gears under the condition of no test requirement on a single gear, and comprises the following detection steps:

and step S1, performing gear double-sided meshing test, selecting two tested gears to form a tested gear set, and respectively determining the two tested gears as a driving gear and a driven gear according to actual use conditions. And the gear set to be tested is arranged on a station of the gear double-sided meshing tester, and the two gears to be tested are meshed without backlash through the elastic pressing device on the gear double-sided meshing tester. Due to the radial error of the gears, the meshing center distance between the driving gear and the driven gear can be changed continuously. Determining the initial angle and the final angle of the rotation period of the driving gear, selecting i sampling angles in the rotation period, and controlling the driving gear to rotate by the initial angleRotating to a termination angle, measuring the double-face meshing center distance corresponding to the sampling angle, repeatedly testing for multiple times, and recording the tested double-face meshing center distance of the nth (n is more than or equal to 1) rotation period as a_n(θ), θ being the sampling angle. The rotation period of the gear is one full circle or integral multiple of the full circle of the rotation of the driving gear, and the selection of the sampling angle can be determined by the sampling frequency of the grating.

Step S2, processing data, comparing the measured test double-face meshing center distance in each rotation period, when the data of a certain rotation period is too large different from the data of other rotation periods (actually, the change of the tested double-face meshing center distance is generally drawn into a curve, each period is generally almost the same, if the curves of the two periods are different, the difference is considered to be too large, and variance analysis can be carried out according to sampling frequency, period time, testing speed, gear parameters and the like), if the data of the rotation period is abnormal, the data of the rotation period is replaced by an average value or tested again until the data is normal (the average value replacement can be performed by the data of nearby sampling angles, and if the data of the nearby sampling angles are also abnormal, the data of sampling angles corresponding to other rotation periods can be replaced by the average value); when the data of each group of rotation periods are normal, averaging the tested double-sided meshing center distance values of the same sampling angle in each rotation period to obtain the average value of the double-sided meshing center distances corresponding to each sampling angle in the rotation period

Step S3, the center distance deviation is judged whenIf not, the meshing requirement is not met, wherein a is the double-face meshing center distance of the standard gear, and the limit deviation f of the center distance_aThe recommended value of the method refers to a related table of the standard GB 10095-88 involute cylindrical gear precision.

When it is notWhen the meshing requirement is met, the gear to be measured needs to be further judged: calculating the total average center distance of double-sided engagementCalculating the standard deviation of the center distance of the double-sided engagementThe gear set under test that does not meet the engagement requirement is generally in the following two situations:

in the first case, when the sigma is larger than a normal value (the situation can also be judged by directly using a double-sided meshing center distance curve graph), a bad tooth exists in a tested gear or a single-sided tooth profile error is large, so that the meshing center distance deviation of one or more sample points is too large. At this time, the two gears to be tested need to be respectively paired with a third gear (preferably, a gear with qualified tooth profile deviation detection, and even a high-precision standard gear) to test and find a specific failed gear. If the gear pairing test is normal, the procedure returns to step S1 to continue the test.

And for the failed gear, searching the failed gear corresponding to the failed gear according to the principle of matching the center distance. For example, for a partial gear tooth profile that is offset inwardly, an attempt may be made to find a gear that has a corresponding number of teeth profile offsets outwardly for pairing, such as if the fifth tooth of the failed gear is offset outwardly, then if another gear is present, then an attempt may be made to pair if the tooth that is meshing with the fifth tooth is offset inwardly. After the pairing is completed, the test is returned to step S1 to continue the test, but not all failed gears can be matched.

Case two, when σ is close to the normal value, andwhen the tooth profile error of the tested gear is higher or lower than a, the tooth profile error of the tested gear is normal, but in the gear machining process, the actual tooth profile of the gear is deviated due to the reasons of cutter position, cutter abrasion, clamp error and the like, so that the center distance of gear meshing can be changed. The gear can be designed or machined according to actual designCenter-to-center distances are paired so that the next step can be performed.

And step S4, recording and obtaining the actual installation center distance range of the pair of gears, and recording the pair of gears in a standard gear test database, wherein the main parameter characteristic of the pair of gears is the average value of the double-sided meshing center distance. Generally, gears are not in a double-face meshing mode in practical application unless special requirements are met, the assembly center distance is usually slightly larger than the double-face meshing center distance, and a side gap j exists_bnReferring to the paper "relationship between center distance and backlash of involute cylindrical gears", the following calculation formula can be obtained:

j_bt＝p_b-(s_b1+s_b2)+2(r_b1+r_b2)invα_ωt

j_bn＝j_bt·cosβ_b

in the formula, p_bIs the tooth spacing, r_b1、r_b2Is the base radius of the driving and driven gears, s_b1、s_b2Base circle tooth thickness of driving gear and driven gear, a_wFor standard assembly center distance, α_ωtIs the angle of engagement, beta_bIs a base circle helix angle, j_btIs an end face normal backlash.

From the above formula, it can be known that the center distance and the backlash of the standard cylindrical gear have a functional relationship, and the center distance and the backlash can be converted with each other, so that:

a_w＝f(j_bn)

and a gap j_bnThe larger, the standard assembly center distance a_wThe larger the size (the formula has the inverse function calculation of the involute, and the computer-aided calculation is needed);

therefore, for the gear to be measured, a clearance is required to be reserved during actual assembly, the ratio of the standard assembly center distance of the standard gear under the minimum side clearance to the double-sided meshing center distance of the standard gear is used as a reference value, and the matched actual installation center distance a is required_azComprises the following steps:

calculating the total average center distance of double-sided engagementI.e. total average centre distance for double-sided engagement ofThe measured gear is required to be matched with the actual installation center distance a_azThe requirements are as follows:

in addition, because the gear backlash is too large, the abnormal phenomena such as impact, noise and the like of the gear can occur, the maximum backlash requirement also exists for the gear (see the national standard' GBZ 18620.2-2008 cylindrical gear inspection implementation standard 2 part comprehensive radial deviation, radial run-out, tooth thickness and backlash inspection in detail), and the following requirements also exist according to the calculation:

in summary, the following requirements are made for the actual installation center distance of the gear to be measured:

and step S5, selecting a gear set with a proper actual installation center distance range from the standard gear test database according to the design.

The method can also be used for carrying out meshing test on the gear set containing three or more tested gears, namely, firstly carrying out meshing test on two tested gears, then using the driven gear as a driving gear, using the third tested gear as a driven gear, and the like.

According to the gear double-face meshing detection method, two gears to be detected are directly tested and directly butted with an application scene, the actual meshing center distance is used as a pairing standard, the use of high-precision gears is avoided, the gears can be recorded and put in storage after the test is finished, the application is detected in one step, the abrasion is avoided, and the cost is low. And as for unqualified radial deviation of part of gears, defective products can be recycled through pairing, and the reject ratio of the gears is reduced.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, to those skilled in the art, changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and it is intended that the present invention encompass such changes and modifications.