阅读说明：本技术 一种垃圾气化耦合制氢系统 (Garbage gasification coupling hydrogen production system ) 是由 王漫笠 刘正宁 刘富君 宋德奎 朱思谕 占小童 于 2021-09-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种垃圾气化耦合制氢系统,包括垃圾气化炉,渣池,高温旋风分离器,余热回收装置,喷淋洗涤塔,废水废液处理装置,预热器,重整变换器,PSA,氢气储罐,CCUS,二氧化碳储罐。本发明设备布置紧凑、操作简单、易实现。充分利用垃圾焚烧发电厂的现有条件,实现了垃圾发电与制氢的耦合,提升了垃圾处理最终产物的品质；本发明将垃圾采用气化的处理方式,实现了垃圾处理真正意义上的无害化、减量化及资源化；本发明的制氢工艺大大降低了垃圾焚烧电厂的碳排放,且垃圾发电耦合制氢的工艺具有零碳、高效的有益效果。(The invention discloses a garbage gasification coupling hydrogen production system which comprises a garbage gasification furnace, a slag pool, a high-temperature cyclone separator, a waste heat recovery device, a spray washing tower, a waste water and waste liquid treatment device, a preheater, a reforming converter, PSA, a hydrogen storage tank, CCUS and a carbon dioxide storage tank. The device has compact arrangement, simple operation and easy realization. The existing conditions of a waste incineration power plant are fully utilized, the coupling of waste power generation and hydrogen production is realized, and the quality of final products of waste treatment is improved; the invention adopts a gasification treatment mode for the garbage, thereby realizing the harmless treatment, the reduction and the resource treatment of the garbage in the real sense; the hydrogen production process greatly reduces the carbon emission of the waste incineration power plant, and the process for producing hydrogen by coupling waste power generation has the beneficial effects of zero carbon and high efficiency.)

1. The utility model provides a waste gasification coupling hydrogen manufacturing system, characterized by, it includes waste gasification stove, slag bath, high temperature cyclone, waste heat recovery device, sprays the scrubbing tower, waste water waste liquid treatment device, pre-heater, reforming converter, PSA, hydrogen storage tank, CCUS, carbon dioxide storage tank, waste gasification stove, high temperature cyclone, waste heat recovery device, spray the scrubbing tower, pre-heater, reforming converter, PSA, CCUS and carbon dioxide storage tank communicate in proper order, and waste gasification stove bottom row cinder notch intercommunication slag bath sprays scrubbing tower bottom leakage fluid dram intercommunication waste water waste liquid treatment device, and PSA upper end gas outlet has the hydrogen storage tank through the pipeline intercommunication, and CCUS passes through blast pipe intercommunication waste incineration plant gas purification system.

2. The system for coupling and producing hydrogen by gasifying garbage according to claim 1, wherein the garbage gasifying furnace is in the form of a fixed bed, and symmetrical plasma torches are arranged above the bed layer.

3. The system for coupling and producing hydrogen by gasifying garbage according to claim 1, wherein the heat-insulating layer of the garbage gasification furnace is formed by stacking high-temperature refractory bricks.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the bed has a temperature of 1200-1300 ℃.

5. The system for coupling the gasification of garbage into hydrogen as claimed in claim 1, wherein coke is added in the reaction of the garbage gasification furnace to form a bed layer with gaps in the furnace.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein calcium carbonate is added to the reaction of the waste gasification furnace to lower the flow temperature of the waste ash.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of waste incineration disposal, in particular to a waste gasification coupling hydrogen production system.

Background

The waste incineration is a main mode of the current waste treatment and is one of main means capable of reducing and harmlessly treating the waste to the maximum extent, however, highly toxic and other harmful substances such as dioxin, heavy metals and the like can be generated in the waste incineration process, fly ash generated by the waste incineration belongs to the category of dangerous waste management, a waste incineration power plant can also generate a large amount of carbon dioxide, and the pressure of carbon dioxide emission reduction is increased.

The national energy agency formally lists hydrogen energy as an energy category in 2020, the hydrogen energy is one of important sources of zero-carbon energy and is an important direction for the development of clean energy in the future, and the industrial chain of the hydrogen energy relates to a plurality of fields of energy, chemical industry, traffic and the like. At present, the preparation of hydrogen energy mainly adopts modes of coal gasification hydrogen production, industrial byproduct hydrogen production and the like, and the technology of clean energy hydrogen production is in the initial stage of commercialization.

The organic combination of the more efficient and clean treatment of wastes such as garbage and the like and the hydrogen production technology is a hot spot of the current research.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention designs a garbage gasification coupling hydrogen production system, which is characterized in that a garbage gasification hydrogen production system is additionally arranged in a put-in-service or newly-built garbage incineration power plant, and the garbage treatment, hydrogen production, carbon capture and other technologies are coupled to form a novel technical route for efficient and green garbage treatment.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a waste gasification coupling hydrogen manufacturing system, includes the waste gasification stove, the slag bath, high temperature cyclone, waste heat recovery device sprays the scrubbing tower, waste water waste liquid processing apparatus, the pre-heater, the reforming converter, PSA, the hydrogen storage tank, CCUS, the carbon dioxide storage tank, the waste gasification stove, high temperature cyclone, waste heat recovery device sprays the scrubbing tower, the pre-heater, the reforming converter, PSA, CCUS and carbon dioxide storage tank communicate in proper order, waste gasification stove bottom row cinder notch intercommunication slag bath, spray scrubbing tower bottom leakage fluid dram intercommunication waste water waste liquid processing apparatus, PSA upper end gas outlet has the hydrogen storage tank through the pipeline intercommunication, and CCUS passes through blast pipe intercommunication waste incineration plant gas clean system.

Preferably, the garbage gasification furnace is in a fixed bed type, and symmetrical plasma torches are arranged at the upper part of a bed layer.

Preferably, the garbage gasification furnace heat insulation layer is formed by stacking high-temperature refractory bricks.

Preferably, the gasification temperature of the garbage in the bed layer is 1200-1300 ℃.

Preferably, coke is added in the reaction of the waste gasification furnace to form a bed layer with gaps in the furnace.

Preferably, calcium carbonate is added in the reaction of the waste gasification furnace to reduce the flowing temperature of the waste ash.

The working principle of the garbage gasification coupling hydrogen production system is as follows: after the garbage is fed into the garbage gasification furnace, the garbage is gasified in the auxiliary heating process of the plasma, the garbage gasification reaction heat can also provide partial heat for the whole garbage gasification furnace after the system runs stably, and the power of the plasma can be reduced to the working condition that the operation of the gasification furnace is not influenced. The gasification temperature of the garbage in the bed layer needs to be maintained at about 1200-1300 ℃ to ensure that the gasification residues are discharged from the slag discharge port to the slag pool in a liquid state for separation treatment, and because the garbage mainly reacts in a gasification mode, dioxin cannot be generated in the garbage gasification furnace.

The particles formed in the garbage gasification furnace are gathered at the bottom of the bed layer and are heated by the plasma and the bed layer to form flowable liquid slag, after the liquid slag at the bottom reaches a set value, a slag locking valve is opened to discharge the liquid slag, the liquid slag is discharged into slag pool water after being separated and most heavy metals are removed in a slag pool 2 and is directly cooled, and the part of ash slag after being dried can be used as building materials or heat insulation materials for preparation.

A small amount of particulate matters can be carried in the synthesis gas coming out of the waste gasification furnace, in order to not influence the shift reaction of the subsequent process, most of the particulate matters are removed through a high-temperature cyclone separator, the high-temperature synthesis gas can be recycled through a waste heat recovery device, and the recycled waste heat can be used as a heat supply demand of a waste incineration power plant air heater or plant area process equipment and the like.

The synthesis gas after waste heat recovery removes a very small amount of particulate matters and harmful gases in the flue gas through the spray washing tower, and the waste liquid of the spray washing tower enters the waste water and liquid treatment device for purification treatment and then is recycled.

Heating the synthetic gas from the spray washing tower to a reforming conversion reaction temperature range through a preheater, and then sending the synthetic gas into a reforming converter for catalytic reaction, wherein a large amount of CO and water vapor in the synthetic gas in the reactor generate H through conversion reaction₂And CO₂。

The converted flue gas enters PSA, the absorption and separation of H2 and other gases are completed through the processes of high-pressure adsorption, low-pressure analysis, pressure boosting and the like (the PSA is a general equipment name and may comprise a plurality of adsorption towers and analysis towers), the operation condition of the PSA is adjusted according to the required hydrogen purity, the separated hydrogen is sent into a hydrogen storage tank through a compressor for storage, and a hydrogen refueling station is built by taking the hydrogen storage tank as the center according to the planning of a refuse incineration power plant to supply green hydrogen for hydrogen-fueled refuse transport vehicles, local hydrogen-fueled vehicles and the like.

PSA sends the synthesis gas after hydrogen separation and purification to CCUS (CCUS is a general name of equipment, and a CCUS system comprises a plurality of towers, compressors and other equipment) for carrying out dioxygenAnd (4) collecting and separating the carbonized carbon. CO2 is mainly produced in the waste gasifier and reforming reactor, and the flue gas entering CCUS is rich in CO₂Therefore, the construction and operation cost of the CCUS is greatly reduced, and the green zero-carbon treatment of the garbage treatment is finally realized.

CO2 separated by the CCUS is stored in a CO2 storage tank, and the rest gas in the flue gas is sent into a purification treatment system of a waste incineration power plant for harmless treatment and then is discharged.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the device has compact arrangement, simple operation and easy realization. The existing conditions of a waste incineration power plant are fully utilized, the coupling of waste power generation and hydrogen production is realized, and the quality of final products of waste treatment is improved;

(2) according to the invention, the garbage is treated in a gasification mode, due to the technical characteristics of the gasification process, the garbage does not generate pollutants such as dioxin and the like which are mainly controlled in the treatment process, the residues generated by the gasification of the garbage are discharged in a molten state, and after heavy metals are separated by means of centrifugal separation and the like, the residual components can be used as raw materials for preparing building materials or heat-insulating materials, so that the harmless treatment, the reduction and the recycling of the garbage treatment in the real sense are realized;

(3) the separated flue gas can be introduced into a flue gas purification system of a waste incineration power plant for treatment, and a new flue gas treatment system is not added; after the synthesis gas is subjected to PSA (pressure swing adsorption) to separate hydrogen, the residual synthesis gas is rich in CO₂The construction and operation cost of the CCUS device is greatly reduced, the carbon dioxide after the gathering and separation is temporarily stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank, the novel hydrogen production process greatly reduces the carbon emission of the waste incineration power plant, and the process of coupling the waste power generation with the hydrogen production has the beneficial effects of zero carbon and high efficiency.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of the present invention;

1-a garbage gasification furnace, 2-a slag pool, 3-a high-temperature cyclone separator, 4-a waste heat recovery device, 5-a spray washing tower, 6-a waste water and waste liquid treatment device, 7-a preheater, 8-a reforming conversion device, 9-PSA, 10-a hydrogen storage tank, 11-CCUS, 12-a carbon dioxide storage tank and 13-a flue gas purification system of a garbage incineration plant.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by the following specific embodiments in combination with the attached drawings:

example (b): as shown in the attached figure 1, a waste gasification coupling hydrogen production system comprises a waste gasification furnace 1, a slag pool 2, a high-temperature cyclone separator 3, a waste heat recovery device 4, a spray washing tower 5, a waste water and waste liquid treatment device 6, a preheater 7 reforming converter 8, PSA9, a hydrogen storage tank 10, CCUS11 and a carbon dioxide storage tank 12, wherein the waste gasification furnace, the high-temperature cyclone separator, the waste heat recovery device, the spray washing tower, a preheater, the reforming converter, PSA, the CCUS and the carbon dioxide storage tank are sequentially communicated, a slag discharge port at the bottom of the waste gasification furnace is communicated with the slag pool, a liquid discharge port at the bottom of the spray washing tower is communicated with the waste water and waste liquid treatment device, an air outlet at the upper end of the PSA is communicated with the hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, and the CCUS is communicated with a flue gas purification system 13 of a waste incineration plant through an exhaust pipe.

The garbage gasification furnace adopts a fixed bed type, and symmetrical plasma torches are arranged at the upper part of a bed layer.

The heat-insulating layer of the garbage gasification furnace is formed by piling high-temperature refractory bricks.

The gasification temperature of the garbage in the bed layer is 1200-1300 ℃.

The reaction of the garbage gasification furnace is added with coke to form a bed layer with gaps in the furnace.

Calcium carbonate is added in the reaction of the garbage gasification furnace to reduce the flowing temperature of garbage ash.

When the garbage gasification coupling hydrogen production system is used, before the garbage gasification furnace is fed, the plasma torch of the garbage gasification furnace is utilized to preheat the garbage gasification furnace, after the temperature in a bed layer and the temperature in the whole furnace reach a set value, garbage is conveyed into the garbage gasification furnace through the feeding device to be subjected to gasification reaction, and the synthesis gas generated in the gasification furnace mainly comprises the following components: CO, CO₂、H₂、N₂、CH₄、H₂O, etc. the temperature of the bed layer of the garbage gasification furnace is controlled according to the garbage componentsThe temperature is controlled to be between 1200 ℃ and 1300 ℃, the liquid slag is emptied through a slag locking valve at regular intervals, the liquid slag enters a slag pool, most heavy metal separation residual glass substance directly enters slag water through separation, is cooled and is dried in the air to be used as a building material or a heat insulation material raw material, and the resource utilization of the garbage fly ash is realized. The outlet temperature of the synthetic gas is about 900-. The cooled flue gas may contain a small amount of H₂S and the like are harmful to the gas which is used for the operation of the back-end transformation reaction and separation process, so that a spraying washing tower is arranged to remove harmful gas and few particulate matters in the flue gas. The purified synthesis gas enters a preheater and is heated to reach a reaction temperature range of reforming transformation. In the reforming converter, CO and part of H in the flue gas are catalyzed by a catalyst₂Conversion of O (introduced from the outside if the water vapor content is insufficient) to H₂And CO₂So that H in the flue gas₂The content is rich, and the separation and purification are convenient. After the shift reaction is finished, H in the synthesis gas is absorbed by a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system₂Separating, purifying, pressurizing and storing in a hydrogen storage tank, and adjusting the operating parameters of the PSA according to the hydrogen application scene and the purity requirement. The flue gas after hydrogen separation is rich in CO₂Is convenient for the high-efficiency and low-cost operation of the CCUS, and the CO is collected and separated by the CCUS₂Sent to a storage tank for storage or directly transported by a tanker. And (3) feeding the gas after CO2 separation into a purification system of a waste incineration plant for advanced treatment.

The whole process for preparing hydrogen by gasifying garbage does not generate dioxin, ash residue generated by gasifying garbage is discharged in a liquid state, liquid residue can be used for preparing building materials or heat-insulating materials after forming a vitreous body, high-grade hydrogen energy can be formed after the whole process for preparing hydrogen by gasifying garbage, and CO generated in the process of gasifying garbage and reforming conversion can be used for preparing heat-insulating materials₂Separating and trapping, and finally sending the flue gas into the smoke of a waste incineration power plantThe final aims of harmlessness, reclamation and reduction of garbage are realized by advanced treatment in the gas purification system, and zero carbon emission is realized in the whole hydrogen production process.

The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.