阅读说明：本技术 无病毒非氰贵金属海绵铁钢材产业链提炼分离工艺及设备 (Process and equipment for extracting and separating non-cyanide noble metal sponge iron steel material industrial chain without virus ) 是由 张振逵 于 2021-06-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种无病毒非氰贵金属海绵铁钢材产业链提炼分离工艺及设备,本发明特征是用纯O-(2)取代空气作氧化剂,为冶金化学反应提供热量,既没有病毒等产生与排放,也没有氰化物〔CN～(-)〕的产生和排放的危害。(Hair brushThe present invention relates to a virus-free non-cyanide noble metal spongy iron steel material industrial chain refining and separating process and its equipment 2 Instead of air as oxidant, provides heat for metallurgical chemical reaction without generation and discharge of virus, etc. and without cyanide [ CN ] ‑ Generation and discharge of.)

1. The core chemical component of the virus (i.e. the new crown epidemic) is 'NOx + virus/C particle', which is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of adopting water containing alkali metal compounds or alkaline earth metal compounds (see reactions (5) and (6)) with the concentration of 30-100 gmol/L, putting the water into a container arranged on an aircraft such as a helicopter unmanned aerial vehicle, spraying/spraying the water into polluted air before morning to enable the alkali solution and NOx with strong acidity to generate neutralization reaction to generate soluble nitrogen potassium fertilizer and nitrogen calcium fertilizer, and similarly, tail gas discharged by an engine, particularly a diesel engine, can also be neutralized by the alkali solution, and when the pH value is smaller than 8, the alkali solution is required to be replaced by new alkali solution.

2. In the 8+1 industry, the long process centered on blast furnace ironmaking is the industry producing the most viruses at present, and pure O is used₂Replacing air as oxidant, fully utilizing existent long-flow factory building equipment, etc., setting electric furnace at the front end of steel rolling mill to make steel instead of converter to produce ultra-low carbon steel (C) 0.01% -0.001%, and making steel foil by electric furnace smelting, continuous casting and continuous rollingThe steel forms an industrial chain and has no virus generation and discharge and no [ CN ]^-Generation and discharge, which lays a solid material technical foundation for the comprehensive development and utilization of various valuable metal elements in various mineral resources, particularly precious metal mineral resources.

3. With pure O₂The ZZK short flow replacing air as oxidant is to refine and separate various mineral resources, especially precious metal mineral resources, and to refine and separate polymetallic mineral resources of heavy platinum group and light platinum group, gold mud iron, iron gold mud, gold concentrate, mixed platinum group polymetallic ore and the like to form a polymetallic element industrial chain without virus generation and discharge and [ CN ]^-Generation and discharge.

4. With pure O₂Short ZZK procedure with air as oxidant, reactions (7), (8), (12), (13) etc. produce large amounts of soluble sodium salt (Na)₂O·SiO₂) Adding water and lime into a stirring tank, leaching and reacting for 60 minutes at the temperature of 30-80 ℃ according to the solid-liquid ratio of sodium salt to water of 1: 3-4, filtering by using a plate-and-frame filter press, and preparing NaOH/NaNO by concentrating and crystallizing an alkali solution₃The powder returns to ZZK short-flow batching operation without influencing the product quality of the system, and the water-washed slag is used as a blending material in a cement plant.

5. With pure O₂The ZZK short flow replacing air as oxidant uses Nissen machine to reselect and separate heavy mineral and light mineral, and generates H + CO₂The H + CO is separated from the gas by compression, is a new energy resource fuel, namely liquid CO₂The fertilizer is an air fertilizer, is sent to a plant greenhouse to increase the crop yield, and also lays a solid technical material foundation for refining and separating metal elements such as Au powder, Ag powder and the like to form an industrial chain.

(I) technical field

The 8+1 industry is eight major industries of ferrous iron, rare earth, precious metal, ferroalloy, chemical nuclear industry and the like, an additional engine, particularly a diesel engine is the industry which generates viruses most globally at present, and particularly a long process (comprising six processes of coking sintering, pelletizing, blast furnace ironmaking, converter steelmaking, steel rolling and the like) which takes blast furnace ironmaking as a center uses air as an oxidant (21 percent of O)₂+79％N₂) Provides heat for metallurgical chemical reaction, and inevitably generates a great amount of carcinogenic substances NOxAnd CO₂Isothermal chamber gas venting.

NOx and CO₂Under certain conditions, the noble metals including gold and silver can be compressed into liquid (see attached table 1), and are separated into light platinum group and heavy platinum group (see table 2) by a Nie machine, and platinum group elements are enriched in anode slime during electrolysis.

Global CO since 2019₂The generation and emission of greenhouse gases, and the steel industry is more than the fossil fuel power generation industry. The yield of steel in 2019 years in China is billion tons, and accounts for half of the global yield. The Paris protocol stipulates that carbon neutralization is achieved before 2050, for which 7.6% greenhouse gas emissions are now reduced annually.

The best non-cyanide process today is the thiourea process. However, this method exists: firstly, gold and silver platinum group elements cannot be extracted, and thiourea is a carcinogenic substance and has potential safety hazard. Human inhaling 0.15g of [ CN ]^-]Will want to kill the life, [ CN^-]The crops infiltrating into the ground can not grow!

The method can produce the stainless steel plate lacking in the market by continuously casting and rolling, and can generate huge economic benefits and massive social environmental protection benefits only by fully utilizing the existing long-flow factory building equipment and the like, arranging an electric furnace for steelmaking instead of a converter at the front end of the existing steel rolling mill, adding sponge iron, particularly DRI powder with high added value of minus 500 meshes into the electric furnace for steelmaking, immediately forming a molten pool, shortening the smelting time, placing steel when the content of ultra-low carbon (C) is 0.01-0.001%, and continuously casting and rolling to produce the stainless steel plate lacking in the market and form an industrial chain with other metal elements.

Disclosure of the invention

Blast furnace iron making is an indirect reduction iron making method, air is used as oxidant to burn coal and other C/H-containing materials₂These substances, which provide heat for the metallurgical chemical reaction, inevitably produce chemical reactions (1) to (4) (see the chemical reaction equation and Δ G)⁰List) wherein the C fine particles include PM_0.5～PM₁₀Thus, lung cancer is produced. "NOx + Virus/C particles" (C particles are human)Called haze) is the core chemical component of the virus. NOx is also a virus-borne wing, a particular brownian motion.

Gas compression separation mechanism and practice

Combustion of coal and other C/H-containing materials with air as oxidant₂Substances, which provide heat for the metallurgical chemical reaction, are not generated and discharged as "NOx + virus/C particles", nor [ CN ]^-]The generation and the emission are inevitably generated by reactions (1) to (4) to generate' NOx + CO₂+H₂O_(g)"and the like. Carbon peak carbon neutralization could be achieved 2050 years ago.

As can be seen from Table 1, the gas compression theory must satisfy both the "critical temperature and critical pressure" to separate the gas by compression, first H₂O_(g)And CO₂Preferentially as a liquid, H₂+ CO is difficult to liquefy, but their critical temperature and critical pressure are close, and they can be extracted together, called "H"₂+ CO "new energy new fuel.

Virus killing method

Gas assay reports indicate that greater than 95% of NOx are N₂O₄The remainder being NO₂. The method is characterized in that the method adopts the technical scheme that the concentration of alkali metal compounds or alkaline earth metal compounds (see reactions (5) and (6)) contained in water is 30-100 gmol/L, the alkali metal compounds or the alkaline earth metal compounds are loaded into containers arranged in aircrafts such as helicopters, unmanned planes and the like, and the alkali solution and NOx with extremely strong acidity are subjected to neutralization reaction (see reactions (5) and (6)) before the morning to generate soluble high-quality nitrogen potassium fertilizer and nitrogen calcium fertilizer. Similarly, the exhaust gases from engines, particularly diesel engines, can also be neutralized with alkaline solutions so that NO "NO" is present_xThe generation and discharge of the virus/C particles create a healthy and long-life living environment for common people.

Basic principle for making sponge iron

Extracting and separating sponge iron (DRI), especially high value-added superfine-500 mesh DRI powder, by microwave reactorIs characterized in that: the larger the mineral dielectric constant is, the more microwave energy is absorbed, the better the heating effect is, and the microwave energy absorption effects are that water is larger than hematite, magnetite is larger than graphite coke is larger than calcite dolomite is larger than quartz in sequence. ZZK short process sequentially refines and separates valuable metallic elements. Secondly, the microwave energy reduces the molecular orbital energy, is beneficial to direct reduction of C-containing iron ore powder, reduces the reduction temperature by 200-300 ℃, and enables the ZZK short process to have obvious energy-saving and emission-reducing effects. The microwave heating is integral heating, can selectively heat the metallurgical powder, is a dipolar molecule internal energy conversion process, and has chemical reaction speed several times faster than that of the traditional external heating mode and hundreds times higher than 1240 times. CO is a weakly polar molecule which can be polarized in a microwave reactor, and CO is not produced into C and O₂C deprives Fe in the iron ore powder₂O₃Of FeO [ O ]^-Generated when C/O₂The effect of temperature on the reduction reaction rate at a moL ratio of 1 is very significant. This indicates the theoretical basis for the batching operation of metallurgical powders for the ZZK short run. The reduction and temperature rise speed of C-containing iron ore powder is higher than that of coal powder/coke, thereby being beneficial to ZZK short-process refining and separation of sponge iron, in particular to ultrafine DRI powder with high added value of minus 500 meshes without providing reducing gas CO/H from the outside₂. Because the gas diffusion speed in the material is higher than the chemical reaction speed, the reaction is a first-order irreversible reaction. The general principle of extracting and separating multi-metal elements by a microwave reactor.

The formula for separating and extracting the valuable metal elements is as follows:

firstly, the utilization rate of valuable metal elements is epsilon_i100 x (1-element content i in product ÷ element content i in raw ore)%.

② the extraction rate alpha is 100 x (1-the number of valuable metal elements in the product divided by the number of valuable metal elements in the raw ore)%.

Reducing power consumption of microwave reactor

The general principle of applying the microwave reactor to ZZK short-process refining and separating multi-metal elements, particularly noble metal elements is shown in the first to fifth steps. But microwave heating is to consume electrical energy. How to reduce the power consumption is very important to the production of DRI powder.

The ZZK short flow taking lattice metallurgy as the theoretical basis is a direct reduction reaction, is organically combined with microwave heating, and is operated by using ingredients such as iron ore powder, alkali metal compound and C powder (see figures 1-4), and requires that the thermal equilibrium reaction Sigma delta G is less than 0, so that the microwave energy only plays a role of ignition, see reactions (7) - (9), and the gas-making reaction (9) is used for carrying out thermal equilibrium, and the thermal equilibrium point is as follows: (7) + (8) +0.4(9) contain heat loss.

Of particular interest are: gas making reaction can generate H in any proportion₂The NaOH powder required by the reactions (7) and (8) can be recycled and reused, and the quality of the system product is not affected, so that the production cost of the DRI powder is reduced by 15-20%.

Comprehensive recycling of sodium compounds

Reactions (7) (8) (12) (13) and the like produce a large amount of soluble Na₂O·SiO₂Sodium salt is comprehensively recycled and returned to ZZK short flow, the quality of the system product is not influenced by recycling, the production cost of the system product, particularly the DRI cost with high added value is reduced by 15-20%, and the DRI cost with the higher added value is replaced by cheaper lime (CaO) in the market, which is shown in reaction (11).

The leaching reaction is carried out in a stirring tank, the solid-liquid ratio of sodium salt to water is 1: 3-4, the reaction is carried out for 60 minutes at the temperature of 30-80 ℃, then a plate-and-frame filter press is used for filtering, and alkali liquor is concentrated and crystallized to produce NaOH/NaNO₃And (5) pulverizing, and returning to ZZK short-process batching operation.

The theory of lattice metallurgy of understanding the atomic molecular size of minerals is the theoretical basis of ZZK short-flow batching operation, and iron ore powder is used to mix with C/H-containing coal coke₂The material + alkali metal compound compounding operation (see reactions (7), (8), etc.) is characterized in that:

is prepared from pure O₂Replace air as an oxidant to provide heat for metallurgical chemical reactions without virus production and emission, and without cyanide [ CN ]^-Production and discharge of H, in any proportion₂+ CO energy, human inhalation [ CN^-0.15g will kill the plant and penetrate underground, and no crop can grow.

Refining and separating more than 90% of metal elements on the periodic table, wherein the resource utilization rate epsilon i can reach 99.99% (such as Au/Ag powder and the like) to the maximum, the extraction rate alpha is 98.5% -100% of valuable metal elements in the ore, and the valuable metal elements are completely squeezed out.

(IV) description of the drawings

FIGS. 1 to 4 are schematic diagrams of the principle process of ZZK short process refining and separating various mineral resources, in particular precious metal mineral resources, and the principle process is characterized in that: the 8+1 industry is eight major industries of iron and steel nonferrous metal, rare earth, noble metal, ferroalloy, chemical and nuclear industries, and the like, and an engine, particularly a diesel engine and the like are added, and the 8+1 industry and the chemical and nuclear industries all use pure O as the common technical field of the iron and steel nonferrous metal, the rare earth, the noble metal, the ferroalloy, the chemical and nuclear industries and the like₂Zhang's exercise, which replaces air as an oxidant, has no generation and discharge of viruses and the like, nor cyanide [ CN ]^-The harm of generation and discharge of the crystal lattice metallurgy is taken as the theoretical basis of ZZK short-flow batching operation.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the ZZK short process principle for the separation of polymetallic compounds (see Table 7), which is characterized in that: firstly, gold mud iron (gold mud and magnetite are equal to 1: 1 after zinc replacement) is ground into 90 percent of-200 meshes in a ball mill, the gold mud iron and the magnetite are fully mixed to lay a solid foundation for separating heavy minerals and light minerals in the next step, the two minerals are simultaneously refined and separated, secondly, the invention adopts a Nielson centrifugal gravity separator (Nissn machine for short) to carry out gravity separation on gold mud iron powder to separate the heavy minerals and the light minerals, and the machine is characterized in that: (1) the processing capacity is as high as 650 tons/h, (2) the enrichment ratio is 1 to 3 ten thousand times, (3) the volume is small, the weight is light, the power consumption is low, the cost is low, and (4) the density is effectively separated according to the rotation speed of the separator, and is 2 to 22g/cm³A fine particle mineral. ③ grinding the heavy minerals into 90 percent with a Raymond mill with a mesh of-500, and then adding NaOH powder and C + H into a direct reducer₂O_(g)(when SiO is in the ore)₂Silica powder was added not to the reaction mixture, and direct reduction, extraction and separation were performed (see reactions (7) (8) (9)). Magnetic separation of reduction products (preferably SLon type magnetic separator) to obtain (1) -500 mesh super-fineThe fine DRI powder fully utilizes the existing long-flow factory building equipment, etc., a heating furnace is taken off, an electric furnace is arranged to replace a converter for steelmaking, ultra-low carbon steel (C) is smelted by 0.01-0.001 percent, the steel can be placed when the C is qualified, and the stainless steel plate can be obtained by continuous casting and continuous rolling, (2) the light mineral refining separation is characterized in that: the product is Au/Ag powder, and Au powder and Ag powder are separated by a Nie machine, wherein epsilon of the Au powder and the Ag powder is_iThe content of the silver is as high as 99.99 percent, and the industrial chain of stainless steel plate, Au powder and Ag powder is formed, so that the economic benefit is huge and the environmental protection benefit is huge.

(2) The light mineral refining separation is characterized in that: in the direct reduction device, light mineral, NaOH powder and H₂O_(g)+ C (silica powder added as needed) was subjected to direct reduction (see reactions (7) to (9)). Evaporating Se (Se is a toxic substance and an operator needs to use a gas mask) at 700-750 ℃ in a closed container to obtain metal Se powder, liquid Zn, Pb and Te and solid Cu powder, increasing the temperature to 910-950 ℃ to evaporate Zn to obtain Zn powder, liquid Pb and Te and solid Cu powder, and separating metal Cu, metal Pb and Te and the like and tailing powder by reselection of a Niese machine. Fifthly, recovering NaOH/NaNO from the stirring tank₃And (3) pulverizing. Adding lime into the tailing powder and water in a solid-liquid ratio of 1: 3-4, stirring and leaching for 60 minutes at the temperature of 30-80 ℃, filtering by using a plate-and-frame filter press, and concentrating and crystallizing the alkaline solution to obtain NaOH/NaNO₃The powder returns to ZZK short-flow batching operation, the product quality of the system is not influenced, and the obtained water-washed slag (CaSiO)₃) The cement is sent to a cement plant to be used as a blending material, the cement production cost is reduced by 10 percent, and no greenhouse gas is generated and discharged. Gas H produced by direct reduction reaction of heavy mineral and light mineral₂+CO+CO₂Combining the two, compressing and separating H₂+ CO new energy new fuel and liquid CO₂，CO₂Sent to a plant greenhouse to increase the crop yield.

So far, the light minerals are extracted and separated to obtain a second industrial chain of 'metal Se powder, metal Zn powder, metal Pb, Te, Cu and other powder products'.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle process of ZZK short process refining and separating polymetallic gold mud iron (gold mud after zinc replacement: magnetite is 1: 1), which is characterized in that: the gold mud iron rod mill is 95% with-300 mesh, the Nishi machine is used for gravity separation and discarding tailings to separate heavy minerals and light mineralsTwo systems simultaneously and respectively carry out extraction and separation operations, processing heavy minerals by a Raymond machine, wherein the heavy minerals account for 85 percent in a-500-mesh mode, and adding NaOH powder and H₂O + C (when SiO is required in the ore)₂Adding silica powder), and performing direct reduction in a direct reduction reactor to obtain a reduction product and CO + H₂+ CO and other gases, and thirdly, separating the reduced product into-500-mesh ultra-fine DRI powder with high added value by using a SLon type magnetic separator, then fully utilizing the existing long-flow factory building equipment and the like, removing a heating furnace, and arranging an electric furnace at the front end of a rolling mill to make steel instead of a converter (thereby realizing CO-free₂Isothermal chamber gas generation and discharge), smelting ultra-low carbon steel, testing (C) to be 0.01-0.001% qualified, placing steel, continuously casting and rolling to obtain stainless steel plate and Au/Ag powder, and reselecting and separating Au powder and Ag powder by a Niese machine, wherein epsilon is epsilon_iUp to 99.99%. Light minerals, NaOH + H₂O + C (SiO in ore)₂Silica powder was added not to the reaction mixture, and direct reduction was carried out (see reactions (7) to (9)). One of the reduction products is H₂+CO+CO₂Mixing the equal gas with the same gas obtained from heavy minerals, compressing and separating the gas to obtain H₂+ CO new energy new fuel, liquid CO₂And the plant is sent to a plant greenhouse to increase the plant yield. And (3) steaming Zn for the heavy minerals at 910-950 ℃ to obtain Zn powder. Sixthly, evaporating Zn, wherein the other product is Pb-containing tailing powder, and separating the Pb powder and the tailing powder by gravity separation by using a Nile machine. Seventhly, adding lime and water into the tailing powder in a stirring tank, stirring and leaching for 60 minutes at the solid-liquid ratio of tailing powder to water of 1: 3-4 at the temperature of 30-80 ℃, filtering by using a plate-and-frame filter press, and concentrating and crystallizing the alkali solution to obtain NaOH/NaNO₃Returning the ZZK short-process batching operation to reduce the production cost of the ZZK powder by 15-20 percent. The slag is sent to a cement plant as admixture to reduce the production cost of the plant by 15 percent without CO₂Generation and discharge.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle process of ZZK short-process refining and separating polymetallic flotation gold concentrate, which is characterized in that: firstly, the self-produced stainless steel plate (Cr 18% + Ni 8%, market price of 2 ten thousand yuan/ton) for flotation gold concentrate is processed into a cylindrical oxidation desulfurizer, and pure O is blown₂Desulfurization is carried out, see reactions (17) to (20), which are vigorous desulfurization reactions with strict control of pure O₂The dosage is kept at 910-950 ℃, and the Zn content is less than 0 in the test.When the content is 01 percent, the heavy minerals and the light minerals can be separated by a Nie machine.

(1) Processing heavy minerals into-500 mesh powder 90% by Raymond mill, adding NaOH powder + C + SiO into direct reducer₂Direct reduction was carried out, see reactions (12) to (16). And magnetically separating the reduced product by using a SLon type magnetic separator to obtain DRI powder. The existing long-flow factory building equipment is fully utilized, the electric furnace is arranged in the heating furnace to replace the converter in front of the steel rolling mill, and therefore the invention is basically free of CO₂The gas in the isothermal chamber is generated and discharged, and the continuous casting and rolling production market urgently needs the stainless steel plate; re-separating Au powder and Ag powder with Nie's machine to obtain "H" as the other product₂+CO+CO₂'wait for gas, compress and separate' H₂+ CO "new energy fuel and liquid CO₂，CO₂Is an air fertilizer and is sent to a plant greenhouse to increase the crop yield.

(2) Separating Cu powder by gravity separation of light minerals, continuously casting Pb liquid to obtain Pb ingots, adding lime into tailing powder in a stirring tank, stirring and leaching for 60 minutes at the temperature of 30-80 ℃ at the solid-liquid ratio of the tailing powder to water of 1: 3-4, filtering by using a plate-and-frame filter press, and concentrating and crystallizing alkali liquor to obtain NaOH/NaNO₃The powder returns to ZZK short-flow batching operation for recycling, the DRI powder cost is reduced by 15-20%, the water-washed slag is sent to a cement plant to be used as admixture, the cement production cost is reduced by 10%, and the CO in the plant is greatly reduced₂And (5) discharging.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle flow of ZZK short process for refining and separating mixed platinum group polymetallic ores (see Table 12), which is characterized in that: the method realizes complementation of the platinum group element content of the multi-metal platinum group mineral resources, is beneficial to comprehensive development and utilization, and creates more valuable wealth connected with the city. Secondly, in order to reduce the ore grinding cost, 20 percent of tailings (namely gangue components) are removed by a Nise machine to obtain more valuable polymetallic element components, and then the polymetallic element components are reselected by the Nise machine, so that heavy minerals and light minerals are effectively separated, the heavy minerals are processed into 85 percent of-500 meshes by a Raymond machine, and NaOH powder and H powder are added₂O + C (SiO in ore)₂Adding silica powder when not being taken), manufacturing a cylindrical direct reducer by using a self-produced stainless steel plate, performing direct reduction at 1200-1350 ℃, and regulating and controlling the temperature by using a gas making reaction (9) to realize high yield and stabilityProduce H₂+ CO new energy new fuel gas. Reducing the solid product, and magnetically separating with SLon type magnetic separator to obtain 500-mesh superfine DRI product with high added value. In order to fully utilize the existing long-flow factory building equipment, a heating furnace is taken off at the front end of a steel rolling mill, an electric furnace is arranged for steelmaking to replace a converter, a continuously cast and continuously rolled stainless steel plate (Cr 18% + Ni 8%) is continuously rolled, another product after magnetic separation is a polymetallic platinum group, and a Nise machine is used for separating Pt powder and Au powder with high content (see table 2)

Thirdly, separating light minerals from valuable metal minerals by a Nise machine, manufacturing a cylindrical direct reducer by a self-produced stainless steel plate, and adding NaOH powder and H into the reactor₂O+C(SiO₂Adding silica powder when the temperature is not enough), and regulating and controlling the temperature by using a gas making reaction (9) to carry out direct reduction reaction at 1200-1350 ℃ to obtain H₂+CO+CO₂The gaseous products are mixed with gases with the same components obtained from heavy minerals, compressed and separated (see table 1) to obtain H₂+ CO new energy new fuel, liquid CO₂The plant is sent to a greenhouse to increase the crop yield. Fourthly, the reduction product is subjected to magnetic separation by using a SLon type magnetic separator to obtain Ni powder (99.5 percent), Cu, Co and tailings, and the Cu is melted into ingots (the purity is 99.5 percent) at 1100-1150 ℃ by using a medium frequency electric furnace, wherein the Co powder is solid. The melting point of Co was 1490 ℃ and the melting point of Cu was 1083 ℃, and liquid Cu was separated by a Nie machine and then cast into a Cu ingot.

Fifthly, floating solid Co on the surface, and separating by a Nie machine to obtain 99.9 percent Co and tailing powder. Adding lime and water into the tailing powder in a stirring tank, stirring for 60 minutes at 30-80 ℃, leaching, filtering by using a plate-and-frame filter press, and concentrating and crystallizing an alkali solution to obtain NaOH/NaNO₃Returning the powder to ZZK short-flow batching operation for use can reduce DRI cost by 15-20%, and specially points out using pure O₂The S is removed by replacing air as an oxidant, no virus is generated and discharged, the compounding operation is carried out by using NaOH powder, and no cyanide [ CN ]^-]To H₂+CO+CO₂H is separated out by compressing the gas₂+ CO new energy new fuel, and liquid CO₂The fertilizer is delivered to a plant greenhouse to increase the crop yield, and the fertilizer is basically free of CO₂Isothermal chamber gas generation and venting.

(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments

Raw material quality analysis and cost

Referring to attached table 3, if the anthracite market price is 350 yuan/ton magnetite market price is 644.33 yuan/ton, the lead anode slime is 10 ten thousand yuan/ton, the iron concentrate and the lead anode slime are 1: 1, which is called "iron gold slime" for short, the iron concentrate market price is 644.33 yuan/ton, and the lead anode slime is 10 ten thousand yuan/ton, then the iron gold slime (10 ten thousand +644.33) ÷ 2 is 50322.16 yuan/ton, and the chemical compositions thereof are shown in table 7.

Example 1 and fig. 1 are schematic diagrams of the principle process of ZZK short-process refining and separating polymetallic gold ores, which are characterized in that: firstly, ball milling of iron gold mud accounts for 90% in-200 days, gravity separation into heavy minerals and light minerals is carried out by a Niese machine, the ball milling cost is 0.09 yuan/ton, secondly, the heavy minerals are ground into 85% in-500 meshes by a Raymond machine, the ore grinding cost is 0.10 yuan/ton, and thirdly, the heavy minerals are directly reduced and supplemented with silica powder [ (1.8515+2.4708) -4.4752]X 60.085 ÷ 98% ═ 237.29g/Kg ore, cost 237.28 × 0.2 ═ 47.456 yuan/Kg ore, addition of C powder (1.8515 × 3+2.4708 × 2)12.01 ═ 126.06g/Kg ore, slag-making reaction 3 × 12.0136.03g/Kg ore, addition of C powder 126.06+36.03 ═ 162.09 in total, anthracite 162.09+745.54 ═ 0.2174Kg, cost 0.2174 × 0.35 ═ 0.076 yuan Kg ore. Recovered NaOH/NaNO₃The powder can meet the requirement of direct reduction batching operation. The heavy mineral cost is 0.09+0.10+47.46+0.076 ═ 47.536 yuan/Kg ore.

The existing long-flow factory building equipment is fully utilized, 1000 ten thousand yuan is invested, 80 ten thousand tons of iron and gold mud are treated annually to produce ultra-fine DRI powder with high added value of-500 days, 345.75x80 ten thousand to 27.66 ten thousand tons, electric furnace steelmaking replaces a converter to produce stainless steel (Cr 18% + Ni 8%), a continuous casting and rolling stainless steel plate (market price is 2 ten thousand yuan/ton) 27.66 x 1.26 x 98% × 2 to 68.309 million yuan, stainless steel 345.75x 1.26 x 98% > -426.93 g/Kg ore is produced per Kg of iron and gold mud, the cost of adding metal Cr + Ni 0.42693 x 20% > -1.708 yuan/Kg ore is achieved, and ZZK short-flow refining separation is achieved to form an Au powder + Ag powder + stainless steel plate industry chain (first industry chain) with the cost of 47.726+1.708 to 49.434 yuan/Kg ore.

The yield and yield (GDP) of the stainless steel plate of this example is 426.93g/Kg ore, GDP426.93 ÷ 1000 × 20 yuan/Kg ÷ 8.540 yuan/Kg ore, Au powder yield of 22.75 ÷ 1000 × 355.04 × 99% ═ 78.294 yuan/Kg ore, Ag powder GDP992.5 ÷ 1000 × 5.22 × 99% ═ 5.129 yuan/Kg ore, total yield of 91.963 yuan/Kg ore, annual process of 80 million tons, 91.963 × 80 million ═ 742.417 yuan, profit of 742.417-395.472 ═ 346.945 yuan, profit rate of 346.945 ÷ 395.472 ═ 87.73%, investment recovery period of 0.10 ÷ 346.945 × 12 × 30 × 24 ═ 2.74 hours.

(2) Light mineral refining of multi-metal elements: production of pure O with a long-run oxygen plant₂The cost of industrial sulfuric acid is not counted. The method is characterized in that a self-produced stainless steel plate is used for manufacturing a closed container for steaming Se and Zn, the cost and the production value of burning hydrogen and carbon gas are not counted, NaOH powder is recycled, 1000 ten thousand yuan years of investment is needed for treating light minerals produced by 80 ten thousand tons of iron and gold mud, see reactions (9) to (16), the silica powder (0.0472+0.0507+1.3298+0.0862) multiplied by 60.085 ÷ 98% > -92.819 yuan/Kg of ore is supplemented, the cost is 0.09282 multiplied by 0.2 ═ 0.019 yuan/Kg of ore, the C powder ((0.0472+0.0507) multiplied by 12+ (1.3298+0.0862) multiplied by 12.01) × 35.188g/Kg of ore is added, the converted anthracite 35.188 ÷ 747.54 ═ 0.0471Kg/Kg of ore is subtracted, the cost is 8 multiplied by 0.35 ═ 0.016 yuan/Kg, the cost is 1.5, the total cost is equivalent to the industrial investment, 0.0471+1.5, 1.92 yuan/Kg, and the total cost is 1.80 million/Kg, and the cost is 12.528.

Light mineral product yield and yield value (GDP): se powder 0.105 x 105 ═ 11.025 yuan/Kg ore, GDP0.1025 x80 ten thousand ton, Zn powder 0 ═ 0, metal Cu3.0 x 8.5 ═ 25.5 yuan/Kg ore, GDP0.255 x80 ═ 20.40 yuan, metal Pb ═ 84, 0.84 x80 ÷ 67.20 yuan, metal Te0.1029 x 111.132, 0.132 x80 ÷ 1.056 yuan, GDP88.2+0+25.50+67.20+1.056 ═ 181.956 yuan, annually 181.956-12.528 ÷ 169.428 yuan, rate 169.428 ÷ 181.956 ÷ 93.11%, and recovery period 0.10 ÷ 169.482 × 12 x 30 × 24 hr/Kg.

Example 2 ZZK Process scheme refining separation of Multimetals, particularly noble metals the principle scheme is schematically illustrated (see FIG. 2) and Table 6, Table 8, which is characterized by: the gold iron mud lollipop is reselected by a Nissen machine and separated into heavy minerals and light minerals with the cost of 0.05 yuan/g ore.

(1) The heavy mineral, Raymond mill with 85% mesh, mineral with 0.05 Yuan/Kg, mineral with cost 0.05 Yuan/Kg, self-produced stainless steel plate (C18% + Ni 8%) and direct reduction device, silica powder (4.9332-0.3112). times. 60.085 ÷ 98% ~ 283.38g/Kg, mineral with cost 0.238X 0.2 ~ 0.059 Yuan Kg, C powder (1.85152.4087X 2)12.01 ~ 126.06, gas-making reaction 3X 12.01 ~ 36.03, total 126.06+36.03 ~ 162.09g/Kg mineral, conversion 162.09 ÷ 747.54 ~ 02168, cost 0.2168X 0.35 ~ 0.076 Yuan/Kg mineral. Sixthly, the produced DRI powder is 347 multiplied by 99 percent to 343.53 percent, the stainless steel plate is produced, wherein 343.53 multiplied by 1.26 multiplied by 98 percent to 424.19 yuan Kg ore and 0.424 multiplied by 20 percent to 1.697 yuan per Kg ore. Total cost: 0.015+0.05+0.076+1.697 ═ 1.897 yuan/Kg ore.

The front end of the existing steel rolling mill is fully utilized by the existing long-flow factory building equipment and the like, the heating furnace is taken off, the electric furnace is arranged for steel making to replace the converter, and CO-free production is realized₂When greenhouse gases are exhausted, 80 ten thousand tons of gold mud iron is produced and treated by investing 1000 ten thousand yuan per year to form an industrial chain of stainless steel plate, Au powder and Ag powder, the cost of adding metal Cr and Ni powder is 1.568 yuan/Kg, the cost of power consumption wage depreciation is 2.5 yuan/Kg ore, the total cost is 1.568 multiplied by 2.5 yuan/Kg ore, and the cost is 4.068 yuan/Kg ore, (the gold mud iron is 1: 1 of the gold mud and the magnetite after the reduction and replacement of zinc). Product yield and output value. Invest 1000 ten thousand yuan years to process 80 thousand tons of gold mud iron, and the main product yield and output value (GDP)

The market price of stainless steel plate is 2 ten thousand yuan/ton, the yield is 0.42419 multiplied by 80 ten thousand divided by 1000 which is 33.9352 ten thousand ton, the yield is 33.9352 multiplied by 2 which is 67.8704 million yuan,

yield of 8.98 × 80 ten thousand-718.40, 718.40 × 354.02-1000-254.342 billion yuan,

③ Ag powder yield 1.785X 80 ten thousand-142.80 g, yield 142.80X 5.27/10 g⁴0.0753 hundred million yuan, and 93.3799 hundred million yuan for GDP67.8704+25.4342+ 0.0753.

Cost of refining and separating multi-metals 10897X 80 ten thousand/10⁴15.176 million yuan, annuity 93.3799-15.176-78.2039 million yuan, annuity 78.2039-93.3799-83.75%, and investment recovery period 0.1-78.2039 × 12 × 30 × 24-11 hours.

(2) Cost for extracting and separating polymetallic from light minerals (see reactions (9) to (10)): direct reduction of light mineral to supplement silica powder 293.47g/Kg ore x 0.2-0.586 yuan/Kg ore, gas making reaction of 97.50g/Kg ore with C powder 3 x 12.01 x 0.4-14.412, total 97.50+ 14.412-111.91, anthracite 0.1119-0.7475-0.15 Kg, total cost 0.15 x 0.35-0.052 yuan/Kg ore, making sealed container for steaming Se and Zn with self-produced rust steel plate, and reaction (12) - (16)The iron-containing gold mud is negative in value and can be automatically reduced without external heating, 80 million tons of gold mud iron are processed every year by investment of 1000 million yuan, and the cost of wage and electricity is reduced to 1.50 yuan/Kg of ore, so that the total cost is 0.586+0.052+1.50 yuan/Kg of ore to 2.138 yuan/Kg of ore. 2.138X 80 ten thousand/10⁴17.104 billion yuan. Refining and separating product yield and yield value: 105g of Se powder, 105 x 0.105 to 11.025 yuan/Kg of ore Zn powder 212.39, 0.2123 x 10 to 2.123 yuan/Kg of ore, 0.03815 x8 to 0.305 yuan/Kg of ore, te0.011 x 102.9 to 1.132 yuan/Kg of metal, 0.225 x 10.41 to 2.660 yuan/Kg of new fuel of hydrogen carbon new energy, 11.025+2.123+0.305+1.132+2.660 yuan/Kg of ore, 17.245 x80 ten thousand/10 Kg of ore⁴137.96 million yuan, annuity 137.96-17.104-120.858 million yuan, annuity 120.858-137.96-87.96%, and light mineral investment recovery period 0.08-120.856 × 12 × 30 × 24-5.72 hours.

Example 3, figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle process of ZZK short run refining separation of polymetallic ores, particularly of the platinum group polymetallic ores, characterized by (see table 9): oxidation S remover manufactured by self-produced stainless steel plate for flotation of gold concentrate and blowing self-produced pure O₂Cost and output are negligible. Then, the cost of silica powder is added, 3.186 × 60.085 ÷ 98% >, 195.336 yuan/Kg ore, and 195.336 × 0.2 ═ 0.039 yuan/Kg ore.

(xiii) 248.67g of C powder, 0.249 ÷ 0.747 ÷ 0.333 yuan/Kg of ore, cost 0.333 × 0.35 ═ 0.117 yuan/Kg of ore (0.333 × 0.1894 ═ 0.022Kg/Kg of ore is introduced) and reselection cost of 0.05 yuan/Kg of ore (1) heavy ore by niemann: fourthly, the ore grinding cost of the raymond mill is 0.05 yuan/Kg ore, the direct reduction of wages and the reduction of power consumption are equal to the cost of 1.50 yuan/Kg ore, the existing long-flow factory building equipment and the like are fully utilized, 1000 million yuan is invested to process 80 million tons of flotation gold concentrate, the wages and the power consumption are equal to the cost of 2.50 yuan/Kg ore to produce a stainless steel plate, the metal Cr and Ni are added, the cost of 1.568 yuan/Kg ore is added, the reselection cost of the nintendo machine is 0.05 yuan/Kg ore, 5.874 yuan/Kg ore is summed, and an industrial chain of stainless steel plate, Au powder and Ag powder is formed.

Production yield and value of heavy mineral industry chain, stainless steel plate 0.302X 80X 2X 10⁴48.32 million yuan, annuity 48.32-5.748 42.572 million yuan, annuity 42.572 ÷ 48.32 ═ 88.10%, investment recovery period 0.1 ÷ 42.572 × 12 × 30 × 24 ═ 88.10%For 20 hours.

(2) Raw material consumption and cost of light minerals: steaming Zn at 1.50 Yuan/Kg ore, reselecting and separating at 0.05 Yuan/Kg ore, stirring, leaching and filtering at 0.06 Yuan/Kg ore, compressing and separating at 1.00 Yuan/Kg ore, casting Pb liquid at 0.1 Yuan Kg ore, total production cost of 2.79X 80X 10K⁶0.2232 billion yuan.

Yield and value of light mineral products: 20.1 × 10 ÷ 1000 ═ 0.20 yuan/Kg of ore, 3.7 × 8.5 ÷ 1000 ═ 0.3145 yuan/Kg of Cu powder, 6.1 × 8.5 ÷ 100 ÷ 0.5185 for Pb ingot, 3 × 12 × 0.4 ═ 14.412 yuan/Kg of new energy fuel, and the total value GDP 0.201+0.3145+0.5185+14.412 × 80 million ═ 11.53990 yuan. 1153.994 ÷ 100 hundred million yuan, annuity 11.54-0.2232 ═ 11.3168, annuity rate 11.3168 ÷ 11.54 ═ 98.07%, and investment recovery period 0.10 ÷ 11.3168 × 12 × 30 ═ 3.18 days.

Example 4 fig. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of the ZZK short process extraction separation mixed platinum group polymetallic principle, which is characterized in that: (1) 80 ten thousand tons of ore are processed by investing 1000 ten thousand yuan years, and the economic indexes of the comprehensive raw material cost and product output value technology are analyzed as follows:

(2) the processing cost of the mineral resources is as follows: ore grinding cost is 0.06 multiplied by 2 to 0.12 yuan/Kg ore, reselection cost of a Nie machine is 0.5 multiplied by 4 to 0.20 yuan/Kg ore, SLon type magnetic separation is 0.07 multiplied by 2 to 0.14 yuan/Kg ore, intermediate frequency electric furnace casting operation is 0.20 yuan/Kg ore, gas compression separation is 0.25 yuan/Kg ore, 0.06 yuan/Kg ore is leached out from a stirring tank, 0.50 yuan/Kg ore is not foreseen, and the total cost is 1.47 yuan/Kg ore. Raw material consumption cost: (ii) C powder, see reactions (7), (8), (9), (16), (21) and (22) as Fe₂O₃2.1803× 1.25×3＝8.176，Fe₂O₃0.0365 × 3 ═ 1095, nio0.3995 × 2 ═ 0.790, cuo0.4879 × 20.9758 ═ 10.2410, in total 8.176+0.1095+0.799+10.2410 ═ 19.3255, 19.3255 × 12.01 ═ 232.0993, 0.2321 ÷ 0.747 ═ 0.311, at a cost of 0.311 × 035 ═ 0.1088 yuan/Kg ore, polymetallic platinum group ore has a market price of 2 ten thousand/ton ═ 20 yuan/Kg, 0.1088+20 ═ 20.188 yuan/Kg ore, metal Cr + Ni is added to make 100.88, total raw material and processing costs: 20.188+100.88 is 121.068, and the total cost is 121.068 × 80 ten thousand is 9685.44 ten thousand yuan.

The total investment is 1200 ten thousand yuan, the mixed multi-metal platinum group resources are extracted every year, the cost and the product output value economic benefit index is characterized in that: the annual extraction cost of 800 ten thousand tons of the ore is 9685.44 ten thousand yuan. Product yield and yield value: 120269.52 tons of stainless steel plate with 120269.52 × 2 ten thousand or 240539.04 ten thousand, 0.215 × 80 ten thousand or 17.2 ten thousand Kg of metallic cobalt, 17.2 ten thousand Kg × 700 12040 ten thousand or 234.5 × 80 ten thousand Kg of metallic nickel, 18760 ten thousand Kg, 18760 × 180 × 3376800 ten thousand or 3.03 × 80 ten thousand or 2424 ten thousand Kg, 2424 ten thousand Kg × 355.04 or 860616.96 ten thousand of metallic nickel, 46 × 80 ten thousand of pt 3680 × 3680 ten thousand Kg, 3680 × 235.9 868.112 ten thousand of palladium, 23.36 × 80 of palladium, 1868.8 × 489.02 ten thousand or 913880.58 ten thousand of silver, 18.625 × 80 ten thousand or 0 thousand Kg of silver, 1490 ten thousand of platinum, 527 × 7852.3 thousand of platinum, 37 × 37.6 × 189.6 million of platinum, 189.6.189.189 million of platinum.

Total yield (240539.04+12040+76800+860616.96+868112+913110.58+7852.3+36260.16) ÷ 104 ═ 301.533 billion

Annuity 301.533-9685 ═ 300.5645.6 yuan, annuity rate: 300.564 ÷ 301.533 ═ 99.68%, investment recovery period: 0.12 ÷ 300.5646 × 12 × 30 × 24 ═ 3.45 hours. The investment is increased by 10 times, 0.12 multiplied by 10 is 1.2 million yuan, the GDP is 3015.331 million yuan, the annual benefit is 3005 million yuan, and other indexes are not changed!

Chemical reaction equation and Δ G⁰List of

No: chemical reaction equation Δ G⁰

(1)0.5N₂+O₂＝＝＝NO₂……7.75。(2)NO₂+NO₂＝＝＝N₂O₄……-14.21。

(3)C+0.5O₂＝＝＝CO……-26.42

(4)CO+CO＝＝＝CO₂+ C particles … … -41.2.

(5)K₂O/KOH+N₂O₄-→2KNO₃+H₂O, nitrogen potash fertilizer.

(6)CaO/Ca(OH)₂-→Ca(NO₃)₂HO, nitrogen calcium fertilizer.

(7)Fe₂O₃+2NaOH+SiO₂+3C＝＝＝2Fe+Na₂O·SiO₂+2CO+CO₂……21.72。

(8)FeO+2NaOH+SiO₂+2C＝＝＝Fe+Na₂O·SiO₂+H₂O+CO……-16.51。

(9)H₂O_(g)+O₂+3C＝＝＝3CO+H₂… … -21.31. (cause reaction)

(10) Thermal equilibrium reaction (7) + (8) + (9) ═ 21.72-16.51-21.31X 0.4 ═ 3.314 (with loss of heat dissipation)

(11)Na₂O·SiO₂+CaO+H₂O＝＝＝2NaOH+CaSiO₃↓ (water flushing dregs).

(12)SeO₂+2NaOH+SiO₂+3C＝＝＝Se↑+Na₂O·Si₂O+3CO……-445.50。

(13)ZnO+2NaOH+SiO₂+C＝＝＝Zn_(g)↑+Na₂O·Si₂O+CO₂……-46.43。

(14)TeO₂+2NaOH+SiO₂+3C＝＝＝Te+Na₂O·Si₂O+3CO……-323.5。

(15)PbO+2NaOH+SiO₂+2C＝＝＝Pb+Na₂O·SiO₂+CO……-143.59。

(16)CuO+2NaOH+SiO₂+2C＝＝＝Cu+Na₂O·SiO₂+2CO……-363.35。

(17)FeS₂+O₂＝＝＝FeO+SO₂+SO₃……-187.90

(18)2FeO+0.5O₂＝＝＝Fe₂O₃……-67.26

(19)CuS+1.5O₂＝＝＝CuO+SO₂……-96.59

(20)ZnS+1.5O₂＝＝＝ZnO+SO₂……-105.94

(21)Co₂O₃+2NaOH+SiO₂+3C＝＝＝2Co+Na₂O·SiO₂+CO₂+2CO……-32.09

(22)NiO+2NaOH+2C＝＝＝Ni+Na₂O·SiO₂+2CO……-39.74

(23)MgO·SiO+2NaNO₃+3C＝＝＝Mg_(g)↑Na₂O·SiO₂N₂+2CO+2CO₂，-17.93

(24)NiO·SiO₂+2NaNO₃+4C＝＝＝Ni+Na₂O·SiO₂+N₂+2CO+2CO₂，-105.44

(25)Cr₂O₃·SiO₂+2NaNO₃+4C＝＝＝2Cr+Na₂O·SiO₂+N₂+2CO+2CO₂，115.56

(26)CoO·SiO₂+NaNO+C＝＝＝Co+Na₂O·SiO₂+N₂+2CO+2CO₂，-328.86

(27)CoO·SiO₂+FeO+2NaNO₃+5C＝＝＝FeCO+Na₂O·SiO₂+N₂+3CO+2CO₂，-54.06。

Attached watch

TABLE 1 Critical temperature and Critical pressure for some gases

TABLE 2 physical Properties of some Metal elements

Note: ru nail, Rh handcuff, Pb palladium, Ag silver-light platinum family

Os osmium, Ir iridium, Pt platinum, Au-heavy platinum group

TABLE 3 anthracite quality analysis%

Note: market price of 350 yuan/ton, dosage: 350-6.2243-56.23 yuan/gmol, and 56.23 × 80-44.98 yuan when 20% of the partially recovered C particles are supplemented.

TABLE 4 Multi-element mass analysis of magnetite%

Note: (ii) market price of 330 yuan/ton

② grinding with a Raymond mill to 500 meshes, the water content is less than 10 percent, and the ore grinding cost is 62 yuan/ton

③ 1.4799 for each ton of DRI powder, magnetite/min (68.95 × 98%), cost 953.56 yuan/ton

TABLE 5 Multi-element Mass analysis, g/t,% of lead anode slime

Note: the market price is 10 ten thousand yuan/ton

TABLE 6 gold mud composition after zinc replacement%

Note: market price: 8 ten thousand yuan/ton

TABLE 7 iron gold mud element mass composition, g/t%

Note: iron-gold mud-magnetite-lead anode mud-1: 1

TABLE 8 Multi-element mass fraction of 1: 1% of gold mud to magnetite

Note: gold mud and iron ore 1: 1

TABLE 9 flotation of gold concentrate multielement mass fraction, g/t%

TABLE 10. Jinchuan poor crude ore Mass Components,%, g/t

TABLE 11 flotation of gold concentrate compositions,%, g/t

TABLE 12. Jinchuan poor ore and Fujin transition ore 1: 1 by weight

Market price: 2 ten thousand yuan/ton