阅读说明：本技术 气体绝缘封闭式组合电器异响监测方法及装置 (Method and device for monitoring abnormal sound of gas insulated closed type combined electrical apparatus ) 是由 杨勇 金涌涛 张帅 卢洪坤 黄军浩 赵琳 王劭鹤 王绍安 董雪松 于兵 林浩凡 于 2021-08-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种气体绝缘封闭式组合电器异响监测方法及装置。本发明的方法包括：对声源模块发出的声音数据进行采集；对采集到的声音数据进行异常声源定位,并将其可视化；提取异常声源数据特征参数,计算其声压级和高频能量占比,相较于设定的阈值范围判定设备的运行状况。本发明具有测量速度快,计算效率高,分辨率好,适宜中长距离测量,对稳态、瞬态声源定位精度高以及不需要人工过多参与设备的安全检测的优点,可识别GIS的早期故障,预防设备缺陷进一步恶化,提升GIS设备的运维管理能力,可促进多元融合高弹性电网的建设。(The invention discloses a method and a device for monitoring abnormal sound of a gas insulated closed type combined electrical apparatus. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: collecting sound data emitted by a sound source module; positioning an abnormal sound source for the collected sound data, and visualizing the abnormal sound source; and extracting the characteristic parameters of the abnormal sound source data, calculating the ratio of the sound pressure level to the high-frequency energy, and judging the running state of the equipment in comparison with a set threshold range. The invention has the advantages of high measuring speed, high calculating efficiency, good resolution, suitability for medium and long distance measurement, high positioning precision of steady and transient sound sources and no need of excessive manpower to participate in the safety detection of equipment, can identify the early fault of the GIS, prevent the further deterioration of the equipment defect, improve the operation and maintenance management capacity of the GIS equipment and promote the construction of a multivariate fusion high-elasticity power grid.)

1. The abnormal sound monitoring method of the gas insulated closed type combined electrical apparatus is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, collecting sound data emitted by a sound source module;

secondly, positioning an abnormal sound source for the collected sound data, and visualizing the sound data;

extracting characteristic parameters of abnormal sound source data, calculating the ratio of sound pressure level to high-frequency energy, and judging the running state of the equipment in comparison with a set threshold range;

and step four, displaying, storing and reminding the judgment information obtained in the step two and the step three.

2. The abnormal noise monitoring method for the gas insulated enclosed type combined electrical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the GIS operation sound signal is collected in the first step by using a far field sound source signal model,

wherein r is the distance between a sound source and the center of the microphone array, L is the distance between microphones, and lambda is the wavelength of the sound signal;

according to the different distribution positions of the microphones, signals received by the microphones at different positions have certain time delay, and if the first microphone is taken as a reference, the time delay of the sound signals reaching other microphones relative to the time delay of the first microphone is as follows:

τ_m＝dcosθ/c，m＝1,2,Λ,M，

wherein c is sound velocity, d is distance between two adjacent microphones, theta is incident angle of far-field sound source, and tau_mFor time delay, M is the number of array elements;

the output of the array beamforming is:

in the formula, w_mAs weighting coefficient, p_mThe complex sound pressure signal received by the corresponding array element, t is time;

expressing the above formula by a vector can be obtained:

X(t)＝[b₁ ^T(t) b₂ ^T(t)L b_m ^T(t)]^T＝[w₁ w₂L w_m]P(t)＝w(θ)P(t)，

wherein X (t) is the M x 1 dimension snapshot data vector of the array, w (theta) is the direction vector of each microphone, P (t) is the space signal source vector received by the array,output corresponding to m array elements;

solving the covariance matrix for the array:

R＝E[X^H(t)X(t)]，

in the formula, E [ ] represents a mathematical expectation operation;

the normalized azimuth spectrum estimate of conventional beamforming is;

the position of the sound source in space is determined therefrom.

3. The abnormal noise monitoring method for the gas insulated enclosed type combined electrical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the collecting of the sound data comprises the steps of:

step S11, collecting the sound emitted by the sound source module by adopting a microphone array;

step S12, amplifying the sound signal collected in the step S11 by using a pre-amplification circuit;

in step S13, the audio signal amplified in step S12 is subjected to synchronous sampling processing by a digital circuit.

4. The abnormal sound monitoring method for the gas insulated enclosed switchgear according to claim 3, wherein the method for locating the abnormal sound source specifically comprises:

step S21, performing time-frequency analysis and power spectrum calculation on the sound data collected in the step S13;

step S22, the sound data processed in step S21 is subjected to abnormal sound source localization processing.

5. The abnormal noise monitoring method for the gas insulated enclosed type combined electrical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sound source module is a GIS radiation sound source.

6. Gas insulation closed combined electrical apparatus abnormal sound monitoring devices, its characterized in that includes:

the signal acquisition module (1) is used for acquiring sound data emitted by a sound source;

the imaging positioning module (2) is used for positioning the abnormal sound source of the collected sound data and visualizing the abnormal sound source;

the abnormal distinguishing module (3) is used for extracting the characteristic parameters of the abnormal sound source data, calculating the ratio of the sound pressure level and the high-frequency energy of the abnormal sound source data, and distinguishing the running state of the GIS according to a set threshold value;

and the PC module (4) displays the signals processed by the imaging positioning module (2) and the abnormity judging module (3) on a display screen, stores the data in a memory of the PC module (4), and triggers an alarm in the PC module (4) if the abnormity judging module (3) judges that the GIS equipment is abnormal.

7. The abnormal noise monitoring device of the gas insulated enclosed type combined electrical apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the signal collecting module (1) comprises a microphone array, a power amplifier and a data collecting and transmitting instrument, and the microphone array is adopted to collect the sound emitted by the sound source module; amplifying the collected sound signals by using a power amplifier; and the sound signals amplified by the data acquisition and transmission instrument are synchronously sampled and transmitted to the imaging and positioning module.

8. The abnormal noise monitoring device for the gas insulated enclosed type combined electrical apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the imaging positioning module specifically comprises: and performing time-frequency analysis and power spectrum calculation on the sound data acquired by the signal acquisition module, and then performing abnormal sound source positioning processing.

9. The abnormal noise monitoring device of the gas insulated enclosed type combined electrical apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the PC module (4) comprises a display screen, a storage and an alarm.

10. The abnormal noise monitoring device of a gas insulated enclosed type combined electrical apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein said sound source module is a GIS radiation sound source.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of noise vibration signal acquisition and analysis in the power industry, in particular to a method and a device for monitoring abnormal sound of a gas insulated closed type combined electrical apparatus.

Background

GIS has been widely applied to various power grid systems by virtue of its characteristics of strong systematicness, high integration level, small occupied area, good reliability and the like. However, there is a big contradiction between the safety monitoring level of the current GIS and the rapid development of the power grid system. With the increase of the density of the power system, the failure rate of the GIS tends to increase.

Under the action of electromagnetic stress and mechanical vibration transmission or due to the change of inherent mechanical characteristics, the GIS generates abnormal vibration at the defect position and emits abnormal vibration and sound different from those generated when equipment normally runs, so that the GIS can be used as the basis for defect positioning and diagnosis according to the signal.

GIS mechanical faults are usually caused by internal defects of the shell, electrical faults and overheating faults cannot be caused at the initial stage of the faults, and currently, GIS fault positioning and fault detection methods are mainly used for the faults, but effective detection is lacked for early faults (internal fault defects) of the GIS.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method and a device for monitoring abnormal sound of a gas insulated enclosed type combined electrical apparatus, so as to identify early faults of a GIS and prevent further deterioration of equipment defects.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the abnormal sound monitoring method for the gas insulated closed type combined electrical apparatus comprises the following steps:

step one, collecting sound data emitted by a sound source module;

secondly, positioning an abnormal sound source for the collected sound data, and visualizing the sound data;

extracting characteristic parameters of abnormal sound source data, calculating the ratio of sound pressure level to high-frequency energy, and judging the running state of the equipment in comparison with a set threshold range;

and step four, displaying, storing and reminding the judgment information obtained in the step two and the step three.

Sound pressure level: the magnitude of the sound used to measure GIS radiation is a direct reflection of all sound related conditions or defects. Particularly, when a transient signal occurs, the sound pressure level of the transient signal is large.

L_pRepresenting the sound pressure level, p_eRepresenting the effective value of the sound pressure of the object to be detected, p_refIndicating the standard sound pressure.

High-frequency energy ratio: when a GIS is defective, the radiated signal has harmonics in the high frequency part (above 3000 Hz), in which case the high frequency energy ratio is higher than that in normal.

E_ratioRepresenting the ratio of high frequency energy, E_HRepresenting high frequency energy of the object to be detected, E_GRepresenting the total energy of the test object.

And comparing the sound pressure level and the high-frequency energy ratio data with a set threshold value to reflect whether the GIS has defects or not. The numerical value change ranges of different parameters are different, the current health state of the GIS is evaluated by setting attention and abnormal thresholds for each parameter, and then early warning evaluation is sent out.

Furthermore, the GIS operation sound signal is collected in the first step by adopting a far-field sound source signal model,

wherein r is the distance between a sound source and the center of the microphone array, L is the distance between microphones, and lambda is the wavelength of the sound signal;

according to the different distribution positions of the microphones, signals received by the microphones at different positions have certain time delay, and if the first microphone is taken as a reference, the time delay of the sound signals reaching other microphones relative to the time delay of the first microphone is as follows:

τ_m＝d cosθ/c，m＝1,2,Λ,M，

wherein c is sound velocity, d is distance between two adjacent microphones, theta is incident angle of far-field sound source, and tau_mFor time delay, M is the number of array elements;

the output of the array beamforming is:

in the formula, w_mAs weighting coefficient, p_mThe complex sound pressure signal received by the corresponding array element, t is time;

expressing the above formula by a vector can be obtained:

X(t)＝[b₁ ^T(t) b₂ ^T(t)L b_m ^T(t)]^T＝[w₁ w₂L w_m]P(t)＝w(θ)P(t)，

wherein X (t) is the M x 1 dimension snapshot data vector of the array, w (theta) is the direction vector of each microphone, P (t) is the space signal source vector received by the array,output corresponding to m array elements;

solving the covariance matrix for the array:

R＝E[X^H(t)X(t)]，

in the formula, E [ ] represents a mathematical expectation operation;

the normalized azimuth spectrum estimate of conventional beamforming is;

the position of the sound source in space is determined therefrom.

Further, the acquisition of the sound data comprises the following steps:

step S11, collecting the sound emitted by the sound source module by adopting a microphone array;

step S12, amplifying the sound signal collected in the step S11 by using a pre-amplification circuit;

in step S13, the audio signal amplified in step S12 is subjected to synchronous sampling processing by a digital circuit.

Further, the method for locating an abnormal sound source specifically includes:

step S21, performing time-frequency analysis and power spectrum calculation on the sound data collected in the step S13;

step S22, the sound data processed in step S21 is subjected to abnormal sound source localization processing.

Furthermore, the sound source module is a GIS radiation sound source.

The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: gas insulation closed type composite apparatus abnormal sound monitoring devices, it includes:

the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring sound data emitted by a sound source;

the imaging positioning module is used for positioning the abnormal sound source of the acquired sound data and visualizing the abnormal sound source;

the abnormal distinguishing module is used for extracting the characteristic parameters of the abnormal sound source data, calculating the ratio of the sound pressure level to the high-frequency energy of the abnormal sound source data, and distinguishing the running condition of the GIS according to a set threshold value;

and the PC module is used for displaying the signals processed by the imaging positioning module and the abnormity judging module on a display screen, storing the data in a memory of the PC module, and triggering an alarm in the PC module if the abnormity judging module judges that the GIS equipment is abnormal.

Furthermore, the signal acquisition module comprises a microphone array, a power amplifier and a data acquisition transmission instrument, and the microphone array is adopted to acquire the sound emitted by the sound source module; amplifying the collected sound signals by using a power amplifier; and the sound signals amplified by the data acquisition and transmission instrument are synchronously sampled and transmitted to the imaging and positioning module.

Further, the imaging positioning module specifically includes: and performing time-frequency analysis and power spectrum calculation on the sound data acquired by the signal acquisition module, and then performing abnormal sound source positioning processing.

Further, the PC module comprises a display screen, a storage and an alarm.

Furthermore, the sound source module is a GIS radiation sound source.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method positions abnormal sound signals by an acoustic imaging method, judges the safety condition of the equipment according to the characteristic quantity of the signals, and displays the safety condition on the PC module, has the advantages of high measurement speed, high calculation efficiency, good resolution, suitability for medium-long distance measurement, high positioning precision of steady-state and transient sound sources, and no need of excessive manual work to participate in the safety detection of the equipment, can identify the early fault of the GIS, prevent the further deterioration of the defect of the equipment, improve the operation and maintenance management capability of the GIS equipment, and can promote the construction of a multivariate fusion high-elasticity power grid.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a method for monitoring abnormal sound of a gas insulated enclosed type combined electrical apparatus according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the abnormal sound monitoring method for the gas insulated enclosed type combined electrical apparatus provided by the invention;

FIG. 3 is a time-frequency diagram of a GIS in a normal state in an application example of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a time-frequency diagram of a GIS in an abnormal state in an application example of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a graph of a GIS spectrum in a normal state in an application example of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a frequency spectrum diagram of a GIS in an abnormal state in an application example of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a GIS running state comprehensive evaluation in an application example of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. a signal acquisition module; 2. an imaging positioning module; 3. an abnormality determination module; 4. and a PC module.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1-2, the abnormal sound monitoring method of the gas insulated enclosed type combined electrical apparatus comprises the following steps:

step one, collecting sound data emitted by a GIS radiation sound source;

secondly, positioning an abnormal sound source for the collected sound data;

extracting characteristic parameters of abnormal sound source data, calculating the ratio of sound pressure level to high-frequency energy, and judging the running state of the equipment in comparison with a set threshold range;

and step four, displaying, storing and reminding the judgment information obtained in the step two and the step three.

In the first step, a far-field sound source signal model is adopted for collecting GIS operation sound signals,

wherein r is the distance between a sound source and the center of the microphone array, L is the distance between microphones, and lambda is the wavelength of the sound signal;

according to the different distribution positions of the microphones, signals received by the microphones at different positions have certain time delay, and if the first microphone is taken as a reference, the time delay of the sound signals reaching other microphones relative to the time delay of the first microphone is as follows:

τ_m＝d cosθ/c，m＝1,2,Λ,M，

wherein c is sound velocity, d is distance between two adjacent microphones, theta is incident angle of far-field sound source, and tau_mFor time delay, M is the number of array elements;

the output of the array beamforming is:

in the formula, w_mTo weightCoefficient, p_mThe complex sound pressure signal received by the corresponding array element, t is time;

expressing the above formula by a vector can be obtained:

X(t)＝[b₁ ^T(t) b₂ ^T(t)L b_m ^T(t)]^T＝[w₁ w₂L w_m]P(t)＝w(θ)P(t)，

wherein X (t) is the M x 1 dimension snapshot data vector of the array, w (theta) is the direction vector of each microphone, P (t) is the space signal source vector received by the array,output corresponding to m array elements;

solving the covariance matrix for the array:

R＝E[X^H(t)X(t)]，

in the formula, E [ ] represents a mathematical expectation operation.

The normalized azimuth spectrum estimate of conventional beamforming is;

the position of the sound source in space can be determined from this.

Sound pressure level: the magnitude of the sound used to measure GIS radiation is a direct reflection of all sound related conditions or defects. Particularly, when a transient signal occurs, the sound pressure level of the transient signal is large.

L_pRepresenting the sound pressure level, p_eRepresenting the effective value of the sound pressure of the object to be detected, p_refIndicating the standard sound pressure.

High-frequency energy ratio: when a GIS is defective, the radiated signal has harmonics in the high frequency part (above 3000 Hz), in which case the high frequency energy ratio is higher than that in normal.

E_ratioRepresenting the ratio of high frequency energy, E_HRepresenting high frequency energy of the object to be detected, E_GRepresenting the total energy of the test object.

And comparing the sound pressure level and the high-frequency energy ratio data with a set threshold value to reflect whether the GIS has defects or not. The numerical value change ranges of different parameters are different, the current health state of the GIS is judged by setting attention and abnormal thresholds for each parameter, and then early warning evaluation is sent out.

The collection of sound data comprises the following steps:

step S11, collecting the sound emitted by the sound source module by adopting a microphone array;

step S12, amplifying the sound signal collected in the step S11 by using a pre-amplification circuit;

in step S13, the audio signal amplified in step S12 is subjected to synchronous sampling processing by a digital circuit.

The method for positioning the abnormal sound source specifically comprises the following steps:

step S21, performing time-frequency analysis and power spectrum calculation on the sound data collected in the step S13;

step S22, the sound data processed in step S21 is subjected to abnormal sound source localization processing.

Example 2

Gas insulation closed type composite apparatus abnormal sound monitoring devices includes:

the signal acquisition module 1 is used for acquiring sound data emitted by a GIS radiation sound source;

the imaging positioning module 2 is used for positioning an abnormal sound source of the collected sound data and visualizing the sound data;

the abnormal distinguishing module 3 is used for extracting the characteristic parameters of the abnormal sound source data, calculating the ratio of the sound pressure level and the high-frequency energy of the abnormal sound source data, and distinguishing the running state of the GIS according to a set threshold value;

and the PC module 4 is used for displaying the signals processed by the imaging positioning module and the abnormity judging module on a display screen, storing the data in a memory of the PC module, and triggering an alarm in the PC module if the abnormity judging module judges that the GIS equipment is abnormal.

The signal acquisition module comprises a microphone array, a power amplifier and a data acquisition transmission instrument, and the microphone array is adopted to acquire the sound emitted by the sound source module; amplifying the collected sound signals by using a power amplifier; and the sound signals amplified by the data acquisition and transmission instrument are synchronously sampled and transmitted to the imaging and positioning module.

The imaging positioning module specifically comprises: and performing time-frequency analysis and power spectrum calculation on the sound data acquired by the signal acquisition module, and then performing abnormal sound source positioning processing.

The signal acquisition module acquires GIS operation acoustic signals by adopting a far-field sound source signal model,

wherein r is the distance between a sound source and the center of the microphone array, L is the distance between microphones, and lambda is the wavelength of the sound signal;

according to the different distribution positions of the microphones, signals received by the microphones at different positions have certain time delay, and if the first microphone is taken as a reference, the time delay of the sound signals reaching other microphones relative to the time delay of the first microphone is as follows:

τ_m＝d cosθ/c，m＝1,2,Λ,M，

wherein c is sound velocity, d is distance between two adjacent microphones, theta is incident angle of far-field sound source, and tau_mFor time delay, M is the number of array elements;

the output of the array beamforming is:

in the formula, w_mAs weighting coefficient, p_mThe complex sound pressure signal received by the corresponding array element, t is time;

expressing the above formula by a vector can be obtained:

X(t)＝[b₁ ^T(t) b₂ ^T(t)L b_m ^T(t)]^T＝[w₁ w₂L w_m]P(t)＝w(θ)P(t)，

wherein X (t) is the M x 1 dimension snapshot data vector of the array, w (theta) is the direction vector of each microphone, P (t) is the space signal source vector received by the array,output corresponding to m array elements;

solving the covariance matrix for the array:

R＝E[X^H(t)X(t)]，

in the formula, E [ ] represents a mathematical expectation operation.

The normalized azimuth spectrum estimate of conventional beamforming is;

the position of the sound source in space can be determined from this.

Sound pressure level: the magnitude of the sound used to measure GIS radiation is a direct reflection of all sound related conditions or defects. Particularly, when a transient signal occurs, the sound pressure level of the transient signal is large.

L_pRepresenting the sound pressure level, p_eRepresenting the effective value of the sound pressure of the object to be detected, p_refIndicating the standard sound pressure.

High-frequency energy ratio: when a GIS is defective, the radiated signal has harmonics in the high frequency part (above 3000 Hz), in which case the high frequency energy ratio is higher than that in normal.

E_ratioRepresenting the ratio of high frequency energy, E_HRepresenting high frequency energy of the object to be detected, E_GRepresenting the total energy of the test object.

And comparing the sound pressure level and the high-frequency energy ratio data with a set threshold value to reflect whether the GIS has defects or not. The numerical value change ranges of different parameters are different, the current health state of the GIS is judged by setting attention and abnormal thresholds for each parameter, and then early warning evaluation is sent out.

Application example

When a certain 220kVGIS substation is put into operation for one year, intermittent 'buzzing' abnormal sound appears on GIS equipment in a certain area. The abnormal position and reason are not detected by means of infrared, ultrasonic and the like, and then the abnormal sound defect is detected and analyzed by the method provided by the invention.

Firstly, the position of a GIS radiation sound source is positioned.

And then analyzing the GIS radiated sound:

when the GIS is in a normal condition, the sound of the GIS does not change significantly in a short period, as shown in fig. 3, the noise signal is mainly composed of components of even multiples of 50Hz, such as 100Hz and 200Hz, and when the GIS is abnormal, the frequency distribution characteristic changes, and a large amount of harmonic components appear in the frequency band of 500-3000 Hz.

As shown in fig. 4, the main energy distribution of the abnormal sound signal is 500-3000Hz, and is mainly the sound signal radiated by the vibration of the mechanical structure.

The spectrograms of the GIS in normal and abnormal states are shown in fig. 5-6, and compared with the normal state, when the GIS is abnormal, the sound pressure of the GIS is much higher than the sound pressure of the radiated sound in the normal state. Abnormal defects can be found through a spectrogram, but the requirements on experience of operators are high, and direct automatic analysis of a monitoring system is inconvenient.

The method provided by the invention is adopted to carry out abnormal sound detection and analysis on the collected acoustic signals:

1. the medium gray, light gray, and deep gray represent normal, attention, and abnormality, respectively, and a histogram is plotted for each feature, and the threshold values of the GIS sound pressure level, the high-frequency energy ratio normal, attention, and abnormality are set, as shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 voiceprint characteristic parameter threshold selection

Characteristic parameter	Attention threshold	Anomaly threshold
			Sound pressure level	50	60
High frequency energy ratio	0.3	0.45
			GIS operating conditions	0.36	0.5

2. And analyzing and calculating the ratio of the sound pressure level and the high-frequency energy of the acquired signal, giving weight to each characteristic parameter to obtain a GIS operation state parameter, and obtaining the result as shown in table 2. Comparing the comprehensive operation state parameter with the operation state threshold value, judging the current state of the GIS, and drawing a histogram according to the proportion, as shown in fig. 7, it can be seen that based on the method provided by the invention, the position of the GIS abnormal sound source can be effectively positioned and the state of the GIS abnormal sound source can be detected.

TABLE 2 Collection of Signal characteristic parameters and GIS operating State parameters

Characteristic parameter	Sound pressure level	High frequency energy ratio	GIS operating conditions
				Parameter value	64	0.43	0.53

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.