阅读说明：本技术 一种可实现太阳能自供电的混合可重构智能反射表面 (Hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface capable of realizing solar self-power supply ) 是由 陈睿 董海月 陈敏 何源 刘孟洁 于 2021-08-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种可实现太阳能自供电的混合可重构智能反射表面,包括多个有源反射元件、多个无源反射元件、以及分别连接有源反射元件和无源反射元件的RIS控制器,其中,RIS控制器用于控制有源反射元件上的入射信号的相位和幅度,以及控制无源反射元件上的入射信号的相位；有源反射元件自上而下依次包括有源反射元件层、半导体晶体层、贴片电感层、第一金属背板以及第一控制电路板；有源反射元件层、半导体晶体层和第一金属背板构成太阳能电池,太阳能电池能够将入射到有源反射元件的光转换为电能以向第一控制电路板和RIS控制器供电。该混合可重构智能反射表面将太阳能电池与有源反射元件集成,解决了其供电问题,可实现夜间正常工作。(The invention discloses a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface capable of realizing solar self-power supply, which comprises a plurality of active reflecting elements, a plurality of passive reflecting elements and an RIS controller respectively connected with the active reflecting elements and the passive reflecting elements, wherein the RIS controller is used for controlling the phase and amplitude of incident signals on the active reflecting elements and controlling the phase of the incident signals on the passive reflecting elements; the active reflection element sequentially comprises an active reflection element layer, a semiconductor crystal layer, a surface mounted inductor layer, a first metal back plate and a first control circuit board from top to bottom; the active reflection element layer, the semiconductor crystal layer, and the first metal back plate constitute a solar cell capable of converting light incident to the active reflection element into electric energy to supply power to the first control circuit board and the RIS controller. The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface integrates the solar cell and the active reflecting element, solves the power supply problem and can realize normal work at night.)

1. Hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface capable of realizing solar self-power supply, which is characterized by comprising a plurality of active reflecting elements (1) regularly arranged in the middle, a plurality of passive reflecting elements (2) regularly arranged at the periphery, and an RIS controller (3) respectively connected with the active reflecting elements (1) and the passive reflecting elements (2),

-the RIS controller (3) is adapted to control the phase and amplitude of the incident signal on the active reflective element (1) and to control the phase of the incident signal on the passive reflective element (2);

the active reflection element (1) sequentially comprises an active reflection element layer (11), a semiconductor crystal layer (12), a chip inductor layer (13), a first metal back plate (14) and a first control circuit board (15) from top to bottom, and the first control circuit board (15) is connected to the RIS controller (3);

the active reflection element layer (11), the semiconductor crystal layer (12), and the first metal back plate (14) constitute a solar cell capable of converting light incident on the active reflection element (1) into electric energy to supply power to the first control circuit board (15) and the RIS controller (3).

2. The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface capable of realizing solar self-power supply according to claim 1, wherein the active reflective element layer (11) is a ring-shaped metal patch disposed on the upper surface of the semiconductor crystal layer (12); or a square patch of transparent conductive material.

3. The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent solar self-powered reflective surface according to claim 1, wherein a voltage stabilizing circuit is connected between the first metal back plate (14) and the first control circuit board (15).

4. Hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface that can achieve solar self-powering according to claim 1, characterized in that the active reflective element (1) further comprises a decoupling circuit (16), the decoupling circuit (16) being connected between the active reflective element layer (11) and the first control circuit board (15).

5. The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface capable of realizing solar self-powering according to claim 4, characterized in that the decoupling circuit (16) comprises a resistor R and an inductor L connected in parallel, wherein one end of the resistor R is connected to the active reflective element layer (11) and the other end is connected to the first control circuit board (15); one end of the inductor L is connected with the active reflection element layer (11), and the other end of the inductor L is connected with the first control circuit board (15).

6. Hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface capable of realizing solar self-powering according to claim 1, characterized in that said first control circuit board (15) comprises a first phase shift circuit (151), a reflective amplifier (152), a power supply module (153), wherein,

the phase shift circuit (151) is used to change the phase of the incident signal to the active reflective element (1) under the control of the RIS controller (3); the reflective amplifier (152) is used to change the incident signal amplitude to the active reflective element (1) under the control of the RIS controller (3);

the power supply module (153) is used for storing the electric energy generated by the solar battery and supplying power to the first control circuit board (15) and the RIS controller (3).

7. Hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface that can achieve solar self-powering according to claim 1, characterized in that the passive reflective element (2) comprises, in sequence from top to bottom, a passive reflective element layer (21), a second metal back-plate (22) and a second control circuit board (23), the second control circuit board (23) being connected to the RIS controller (3).

8. Hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface that can achieve solar self-powering according to claim 7, characterized in that the second control circuit board (23) comprises second phase shifting circuits for changing the incident signal phase to the passive reflective elements (2) under the control of the RIS controller (3).

9. Hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface that can realize solar self-powering, according to any of the claims from 1 to 8, characterized in that the RIS controller (3) is an FPGA controller.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface capable of realizing solar self-power.

Background

At present, the integration of a solar cell and a communication antenna is a good method for realizing miniaturization, energy conservation, intellectualization, portability, low cost and multiple functions of wireless communication equipment. Solar energy is an inexhaustible green and environment-friendly energy source, and since 1954 practical silicon solar cells are successfully developed in Bell laboratories, the solar photovoltaic industry with huge scale is developed. The most developed silicon cell technology is the silicon cell technology, and the application range is the widest. Silicon solar cells can be classified into single crystal silicon solar cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells, and amorphous silicon solar cells according to the purity of silicon. The single crystal silicon solar cell has the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency, the manufacturing process is the most mature, and the photoelectric conversion rate can reach 24.7 percent.

The reconfigurable intelligent interactive surface (RIS) can change the phase of incident electromagnetic waves in a programmable manner, change a wireless channel into an intelligently controlled and optimized system block, and achieve the purpose of improving the overall performance of a communication system, so that the RIS becomes one of potential key technologies of a 6G wireless communication system. The majority of the existing literature is studied with purely passive RIS. However, a purely passive RIS has several problems. Firstly, with a pure passive RIS, signals pass through a cascade channel, and compared with a direct link, a reflection link has path loss superposed in a product mode, so that the reflection link has a double fading problem. In addition, a purely passive RIS not only limits the end-to-end channel beamforming gain, but also prevents the RIS from acquiring accurate channel state information for phase control. While an active RIS can change the phase of the incident signal and also amplify its amplitude. There are related papers that verify that pure passive RIS only achieves 3% capacity gain compared to pure passive RIS, whereas active RIS can achieve 129% capacity gain, overcoming the limitation of double fading. However, an active RIS requires an additional power supply, and introduces non-negligible dynamic noise at the RIS. Therefore, the RIS adopting the hybrid architecture combines the advantages of the passive reflector and the active reflector connected with the reflective amplifier and arranged according to the rule, but still needs a power supply to supply power.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface capable of realizing solar self-power supply, which can realize sustainable power supply of part of active reflecting devices in a RIS (remote integrated service) of a hybrid architecture, thereby reducing the cost and reducing the occupation of space resources. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface capable of realizing solar self-power supply, which comprises a plurality of active reflecting elements regularly arranged in the middle, a plurality of passive reflecting elements regularly arranged at the periphery and an RIS controller respectively connected with the active reflecting elements and the passive reflecting elements, wherein,

the RIS controller is for controlling the phase and amplitude of the incident signal on the active reflective element and controlling the phase of the incident signal on the passive reflective element;

the active reflection element sequentially comprises an active reflection element layer, a semiconductor crystal layer, a surface mounted inductor layer, a first metal back plate and a first control circuit board from top to bottom, and the first control circuit board is connected to the RIS controller;

the active reflection element layer, the semiconductor crystal layer, and the first metal back plate constitute a solar cell capable of converting light incident to the active reflection element into electric energy to supply power to the first control circuit board and the RIS controller.

In one embodiment of the invention, the active reflection element layer is a ring-shaped metal patch arranged on the upper surface of the semiconductor crystal layer; or a square patch of transparent conductive material.

In an embodiment of the invention, a voltage stabilizing circuit is connected between the first metal back plate and the first control circuit board.

In one embodiment of the invention, the active reflective element further comprises a decoupling circuit connected between the active reflective element layer and the first control circuit board.

In one embodiment of the invention, the decoupling circuit comprises a resistor R and an inductor L which are connected in parallel, wherein one end of the resistor R is connected with the active reflection element layer, and the other end of the resistor R is connected with the first control circuit board; one end of the inductor L is connected with the active reflection element layer, and the other end of the inductor L is connected with the first control circuit board.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the first control circuit board comprises a first phase shift circuit, a reflective amplifier, a power supply module, wherein,

the phase shift circuit is used to change the phase of an incident signal to the active reflective element under the control of the RIS controller; the reflective amplifier is used for changing the amplitude of an incident signal to the active reflective element under the control of the RIS controller;

the power supply module is used for storing electric energy generated by the solar cell and supplying power to the first control circuit board and the RIS controller.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the passive reflection element includes, in order from top to bottom, a passive reflection element layer, a second metal back plate, and a second control circuit board, the second control circuit board being connected to the RIS controller.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the second control circuit board includes a second phase shift circuit for changing the phase of the incident signal to the passive reflection element under the control of the RIS controller.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the RIS controller is an FPGA controller.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. compared with a single passive RIS, the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface can amplify the signal amplitude and increase the beam forming gain. The solar cell is integrated with the active reflection element, so that the power supply problem of the solar cell is solved. Compared with an independent active RIS, the intelligent communication system can realize normal work at night, and realizes miniaturization, energy conservation, intellectualization, low cost and reduction of later maintenance cost of the communication equipment, thereby meeting the green, energy-saving and intelligent controllable targets of 6G communication.

2. The active reflection element layer of the active reflection element generally adopts an annular structure or a transparent conductive material, so that the shielding of the antenna on the solar panel can be effectively reduced, and the solar panel can be completely exposed to light.

3. According to the invention, when the active reflection element layer is pasted with electromagnetic waves to radiate the electromagnetic waves, the conductive layer (namely the semiconductor crystal layer) of the solar cell, which is composed of the active reflection element layer, the semiconductor crystal layer and the first metal back plate, generates electromagnetic coupling, and inevitably influences the radiation performance of the pasted sheet. To eliminate the coupling effect, the patch and the conductive layer need to be separated by a large distance. This can make the overall reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface bulky. The invention utilizes the property of direct current and alternating current isolation of the inductor, adopts the surface mounted inductor layer to be connected with the bottom of each solar cell, extracts direct current generated by photovoltaic from the solar cell, and simultaneously blocks the influence of a changing magnetic field generated by alternating current in the solar cell on the radiation performance of the surface mounted inductor. In addition, in order to reduce the influence of the direct current bus on the performance of the antenna, a decoupling circuit is adopted to eliminate the influence of the impedance matching performance.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface capable of realizing solar self-power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an active reflection element capable of self-powering solar energy according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first control circuit board in an active reflective element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive reflective element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1-an active reflective element; 11-an active reflective element layer; 12-a semiconductor crystal layer; 13-a chip inductor layer; 14-a first metal backing plate; 15-a first control circuit board; 151-first phase shifting circuit; 152-a reflection amplifier; 153-power supply module; 16-a decoupling circuit; 2-a passive reflective element; 21-a passive reflective element layer; 22-a second metal back plate; 23-a second control circuit board; 3-RIS controller; 4-a feeder; 5-a wire; 6-a base station; 7-the beam reflected by the active reflective element; 8-beam reflected by passive reflective element.

Detailed Description

In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface capable of realizing solar self-power supply according to the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.

The foregoing and other technical matters, features and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings. The technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined purpose can be more deeply and specifically understood through the description of the specific embodiments, however, the attached drawings are provided for reference and description only and are not used for limiting the technical scheme of the present invention.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or device that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in the article or device comprising the element.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface capable of realizing solar self-power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an active reflective element capable of realizing solar self-power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention. The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface comprises a plurality of active reflecting elements 1 regularly arranged in the middle, a plurality of passive reflecting elements 2 regularly arranged at the periphery, and an RIS controller 3 respectively connected with the active reflecting elements 1 and the passive reflecting elements 2, wherein the RIS controller 3 is used for controlling the phase and amplitude of incident signals on the active reflecting elements 1 and controlling the phase of the incident signals on the passive reflecting elements 2. The size of the active reflective element 1 and the passive reflective element 2 can be determined according to actual requirements.

The active reflection element 1 sequentially comprises an active reflection element layer 11, a semiconductor crystal layer 12, a chip inductor layer 13, a first metal back plate 14 and a first control circuit board 15 from top to bottom, and the first control circuit board 15 is connected to the RIS controller 3; the active reflection element layer 11, the semiconductor crystal layer 12, and the first metal back plate 14 constitute a solar cell capable of converting light incident to the active reflection element 1 into electric energy to supply power to the first control circuit board 15 and the RIS controller 3. In other words, the present implementation provides an integrated structure of solar cells integrated with hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflective surfaces, wherein passive reflective elements do not require integration of solar cells, active reflective elements are designed to integrate solar cells, and finally both are spliced together.

Specifically, the active reflection element layer 11 of the active reflection element 1 is located on the upper surface of the semiconductor crystal layer 2, and is connected to the decoupling circuit 16 and the first control circuit board 15 through the feed line 4, respectively. The active reflective element layer 11 is formed by a radiation patch, the semiconductor crystal layer 2 and the first metal back plate 14 form a solar cell, and the radiation patch serves as a reflective element layer and also serves as an upper electrode of the solar cell. The semiconductor crystal layer 2 serves as a dielectric substrate of the antenna. The first metal back plate 14 is located below the semiconductor crystal layer 2, serves as a substrate of the solar cell panel, and serves as one output electrode of the solar cell. The solar cells are connected through the chip inductor layer 13, that is, the chip inductor layer 13 is connected to the bottom of each solar cell of the active reflection element 1. The first control circuit board 15 is connected to the first metal back plate 14 and the RIS controller 3 through the wires 5, respectively.

In this embodiment, the reflection element layer of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflection surface is a uniform array formed by square radiation patches, wherein the passive reflection element layer 21 is a complete square metal patch, and the active reflection element layer 11 is a ring-shaped metal patch disposed on the upper surface of the semiconductor crystal layer 12, or the active reflection element layer 11 is a square patch formed by a transparent conductive material.

The semiconductor crystal layer 12 of this embodiment is made of single crystal silicon, and a solar cell formed of single crystal silicon has high photoelectric conversion efficiency, the manufacturing process is the most mature, and the photoelectric conversion rate can reach 24.7% at most.

Note that the conductive layer (i.e., the semiconductor crystal layer) of the solar cell including the active reflection element layer 11, the semiconductor crystal layer 12, and the first metal back plate 14 generates electromagnetic coupling when the active reflection element layer is attached with electromagnetic waves, and inevitably affects radiation performance of the attached sheet. To eliminate the coupling effect, the patch and the conductive layer need to be separated by a large distance, which makes the overall reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface bulky. In view of this, in the present embodiment, the chip inductor layer 13 is disposed between the semiconductor crystal layer 12 and the first metal back plate 14, and the inductor is connected to the bottom of each solar cell by using the property of dc-ac isolation, so as to extract the dc generated by photovoltaic from the solar cell, and simultaneously block the influence of the changing magnetic field generated by the alternating current in the solar cell on the radiation performance of the chip. The chip inductor layer 13 of this embodiment is specifically formed by connecting a plurality of inductors in series and integrating them on a chip. Further, as shown in fig. 2, the active reflection element 1 further includes a decoupling circuit 16, and the decoupling circuit 16 is connected between the active reflection element layer 11 and the first control circuit board 15. In particular, the decoupling circuit 16 is connected at one end to the entire active reflective element layer formed by each radiating patch of the active reflective element, and at the other end to the control circuit board of the active reflective element. The decoupling circuit 16 of this embodiment is a DC/RF decoupling circuit, and includes a resistor R and an inductor L connected in parallel, wherein one end of the resistor R is connected to the active reflective element layer 11, and the other end is connected to the first control circuit board 15; one end of the inductor L is connected to the active reflective element layer 11, and the other end is connected to the first control circuit board 15. The decoupling circuit 16 can reduce the effect of the dc bus on the performance of the antenna and eliminate the effect of the impedance matching performance.

Further, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first control circuit board in an active reflection element according to an embodiment of the present invention. The first control circuit board 15 includes a first phase shift circuit 151, a reflection type amplifier 152, a power supply module 153, wherein the phase shift circuit 151 is configured to change a phase of an incident signal to the active reflection element 1 under the control of the RIS controller 3; the reflection amplifier 152 is used to change the amplitude of the incident signal to the active reflection element 1 under the control of the RIS controller 3; the power supply module 153 is used for storing electric energy generated by the solar cell and supplying power to the first control circuit board 15 and the RIS controller 3. Preferably, the power supply module 153 is a battery or other suitable rechargeable power source.

The RIS controller 3 of the present embodiment is an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) controller. The FPGA controller can set the phase and amplitude of an incident signal of the active reflecting element 1 to be adjusted according to actual requirements, and set the phase of an incident signal of the passive reflecting element 1 to be adjusted.

Furthermore, the solar cell converts light energy into electric energy and transmits the electric energy to the storage battery in the control circuit board for storage. Because the sunlight is different in intensity in different time periods, the voltage output by the solar cell is greatly influenced by illumination, and therefore the voltage is firstly subjected to a voltage stabilizing circuit and then is connected to the control circuit board to store electric energy in the storage battery, and the storage battery ensures that a power supply can stably and continuously supply power to the active reflection element 1, so that the active reflection element can normally work at night and in the daytime. That is, in the present embodiment, a voltage stabilizing circuit is connected between the first metal back plate 14 and the first control circuit board 15. It should be noted that the voltage regulator circuit of the present embodiment may be any appropriate circuit capable of regulating the voltage of the electric energy generated by the solar cell.

Further, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive reflective element according to an embodiment of the present invention. The passive reflection element 2 of the present embodiment sequentially includes, from top to bottom, a passive reflection element layer 21, a second metal back plate 22, and a second control circuit board 23, and the second control circuit board 23 is connected to the RIS controller 3. The second control circuit board 23 includes a second phase shift circuit for changing the phase of the incident signal to the passive reflection element 2 under the control of the RIS controller 3.

The working principle of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface of the embodiment is as follows:

first, sunlight is irradiated onto a single crystal silicon PN junction on a semiconductor crystal layer through a radiation patch (active reflection element layer) on an active reflection element, and then electron-hole pairs are generated. Then, a strong built-in electric field is generated in the PN junction barrier region, and the photon-generated minority carriers on two sides of the PN junction move towards opposite directions under the action of the field. Finally, when an incident signal from the base station 6 enters the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface, the RIS controller 3 sends a command for specifying a reflection phase and an amplitude to the first control circuit board 15, the first control circuit board 15 changes the phase of the incident signal reaching the active reflective element by adjusting the first phase shift circuit 15, the amplitude of the incident signal is amplified by the reflection amplifier 152 to generate a beam 7 reflected by the active reflective element, and simultaneously the RIS controller 3 sends a command for specifying a reflection phase to the second control circuit board 23, the second control circuit board 23 changes the phase of the incident signal reaching the passive reflective element by adjusting the second phase shift circuit, a beam 8 reflected by the passive reflecting element is generated as shown in fig. 1. Furthermore, a decoupling circuit 16 is connected between the active reflection element layer 11 and the first control circuit board 15, and thus the influence of the dc bus on the antenna performance can be reduced and the influence of the impedance matching performance can be eliminated.

The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface of the embodiment can amplify signal amplitude and increase beam forming gain relative to a single passive RIS. The solar cell is integrated with the active reflection element, so that the power supply problem of the solar cell is solved. Generally, the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent reflection surface realizes miniaturization, energy conservation, intellectualization, low cost and reduction of later maintenance cost of communication equipment, and meets the aims of green, energy conservation, intelligence and controllability of 6G communication. In the embodiment, the property that the inductor is connected with direct current and isolated from alternating current is utilized, the bottom of each solar cell is connected with the surface mount inductor layer, direct current generated by photovoltaic is extracted from the solar cells, and meanwhile, the influence of a changing magnetic field generated by alternating current in the solar cells on the radiation performance of the surface mount inductor is also prevented. In addition, in order to reduce the influence of the direct current bus on the performance of the antenna, a decoupling circuit is adopted to eliminate the influence of the impedance matching performance.

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.