阅读说明：本技术 星载转台活动电缆布线系统及方法 (Satellite-borne turntable movable cable wiring system and method ) 是由 费志禾 李志慧 陈雅璐 彭效海 陈立 于 2021-08-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种星载转台活动电缆布线系统及方法,涉及电缆布线设计领域,包括安装在转子上的第一安装座组件、安装在定子上的第二安装座组件以及电缆束；所述第一安装座组件包括转动设置的第一电缆接头,所述第二安装座组件包括转动设置的第二电缆接头；所述电缆束的两端分别与第一电缆接头和第二电缆接头紧固连接,所述电缆束包括多个散布式的小线束。通过采取散布式的布线方法,将电缆束分为多个小线束进行S形走线,且通过第一安装座上可转动的第一电缆接头,第二安装座上可转动的第二电缆接头,有助于降低电缆束的扭转阻力矩,进而有助于减少电缆的磨损和破坏,延长了活动电缆的使用寿命,且可靠性高,稳定性强。(The invention provides a satellite-borne turntable movable cable wiring system and a satellite-borne turntable movable cable wiring method, which relate to the field of cable wiring design and comprise a first mounting base assembly, a second mounting base assembly and a cable bundle, wherein the first mounting base assembly is arranged on a rotor; the first mounting seat assembly comprises a first cable connector which is rotatably arranged, and the second mounting seat assembly comprises a second cable connector which is rotatably arranged; the two ends of the cable bundle are respectively and fixedly connected with the first cable connector and the second cable connector, and the cable bundle comprises a plurality of scattered small wire harnesses. By adopting a scattered wiring method, the cable harness is divided into a plurality of small wire harnesses to carry out S-shaped wiring, and the torsional resistance moment of the cable harness is favorably reduced through the rotatable first cable joint on the first mounting seat and the rotatable second cable joint on the second mounting seat, so that the abrasion and the damage of the cable are favorably reduced, the service life of the movable cable is prolonged, and the cable harness is high in reliability and strong in stability.)

1. A satellite-borne turntable movable cable wiring system is characterized by comprising a first mounting base assembly (1) arranged on a rotor, a second mounting base assembly (2) arranged on a stator and a cable bundle (4);

the first mounting seat assembly (1) comprises a first cable connector which is arranged in a rotating mode, and the second mounting seat assembly (2) comprises a second cable connector which is arranged in a rotating mode;

two ends of the cable bundle (4) are respectively and fixedly connected with the first cable connector and the second cable connector, and the cable bundle (4) comprises a plurality of scattered small wire harnesses.

2. The satellite-borne turntable movable cable routing system according to claim 1, wherein the first mounting base assembly (1) further comprises a first mounting base (11), an upper ball socket (13) and a lower ball socket (14), the upper ball socket (13) and the lower ball socket (14) are oppositely arranged on the first mounting base (11), and the upper ball socket (13) and the lower ball socket (14) are matched to form a space for mounting a first cable joint;

the first cable joint comprises a spherical cable joint (12), and the spherical cable joint (12) is respectively in rotating fit with an upper ball socket (13) and a lower ball socket (14).

3. Satellite borne turntable movable cable routing system according to claim 2, characterized in that the material of the spherical cable joint (12) comprises a titanium alloy and the material of the upper and lower ball sockets (13, 14) comprises an aluminum alloy.

4. The satellite-borne turntable movable cable routing system according to claim 1, wherein the second mounting base assembly (2) further comprises a second mounting base (21) and a clamping block (23), the second cable joint comprises a flanged cable joint (22), a clamping groove is arranged on the second mounting base (21), the clamping block (23) is matched with the clamping groove to mount the flanged cable joint (22) on the second mounting base (21), and the flanged cable joint (22) is in clearance fit with both the clamping block (23) and an inner wall of the clamping groove.

5. The satellite-borne turntable movable cable routing system according to claim 2, wherein the flanged cable joint (22) comprises a titanium alloy, and the second mounting seat (21) and the fixture block (23) each comprise an aluminum alloy.

6. The satellite-borne turntable movable cable routing system according to claim 1, further comprising a protective cover assembly (3), wherein the protective cover assembly (3) is mounted on a side of the second mounting base assembly (2) facing away from the first mounting base assembly (1), and the protective cover assembly (3) and the second mounting base assembly (2) cooperate to form a bag-shaped space for placing the cable bundle (4).

7. Satellite borne turntable movable cable routing system according to claim 6, wherein the protection cover assembly (3) comprises an upper cover (31) and a lower cover (32), the upper cover (31) and the lower cover (32) are detachably connected, and the inner walls of the upper cover (31) and the lower cover (32) are designed to be rounded or circular arc.

8. A satellite borne turntable movable cable routing method, comprising the satellite borne turntable movable cable routing system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising the steps of:

s1, carrying out small-harness scattered cable splitting design according to the total number and the relative position of the cable bundles (4) of the satellite-borne rotary table, and thus controlling the minimum bending radius of the whole cable bundle (4);

s2, determining the path size of S-shaped routing of the small wire harness, and ensuring the initial shape of the cable harness (4) by adopting a template wiring method so that the small wire harness is not hooked with other structures;

s3, gluing and fixing the upper end and the lower end of the small wire harness with a spherical cable joint (12) and a cable joint (22) with a flange respectively;

s4, the small wire harness is installed on the first mounting seat assembly (1) through a spherical cable joint (12); the small wire harness is installed on the second installation seat assembly (2) through a flanged cable joint (22), and the small wire harness is sequentially coiled into the second installation seat (21).

9. The satellite-borne turntable movable cable routing method according to claim 8, wherein the wire diameter of the small wire bundle is between 0mm and 10mm, the overall minimum bending radius of the cable bundle (4) is 2 to 3 times of the wire diameter thereof, and the overall minimum bending radius of the cable bundle (4) is 30mm or less.

10. The satellite-borne turntable movable cable routing method according to claim 8, wherein the path size of the S-shaped routing of the small wire bundle is comprehensively determined by cable run-out requirements, assembly space limitations, cable bundle (4) twist angle, minimum bend radius, and tensile strength.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of cable wiring design, in particular to a satellite-borne turntable movable cable wiring system and a satellite-borne turntable movable cable wiring method.

Background

With the continuous improvement of satellite functionality, satellite-borne turntables are important components of satellites. Miniaturization of satellite systems requires compact, lightweight and flexible rotating mechanisms, and increased functionality results in a dramatic increase in the number of internal cables. The reliability and service life of the cable are one of the important factors influencing the reliability and service life of the mechanism and even directly determine the success or failure of the task. The movable cable can be twisted and bent along with the rotation of the mechanism, and a torsional resistance moment is generated. The cable insulation layer is easy to wear and break after long-time twisting and bending, and even leads to serious consequences such as short circuit and breakage of the lead. Meanwhile, the stability of the torsional resistance moment also seriously influences the precision of a control system of the rotating mechanism. Therefore, the control and reduction of the torsional resistance torque of the cable through a reasonable wiring method have important significance for the normal operation of the mechanism.

The prior Chinese patent with publication number CN206116599U discloses an antenna pedestal inner cable rotation installation device, which comprises a rotary table and an antenna pedestal, wherein the rotary table is arranged at the upper part of the antenna pedestal, and a mandrel, a fixed disc, a lifting disc and a bracket are also arranged in the antenna pedestal; the upper end of the mandrel is connected with the rotary table to realize synchronous rotation; the fixed disc and the mandrel are coaxially arranged and fixedly connected, and the lifting disc and the mandrel are coaxially arranged and form sliding connection along the axial direction of the mandrel and rotating connection along the circumferential direction of the mandrel; the fixed disc is connected with the lifting disc through a flexible connecting piece; the bracket is arranged on the inner wall of the antenna pedestal and used for fixing the cable; the cable is also connected with the fixed disc and the lifting disc respectively.

The conventional cable wiring technology is only limited to pure electrical interconnection, and also comprehensively considers various factors such as product design, structure, environment and the like. The wiring mode of the movable cable of the satellite-borne turntable is divided into external wiring and internal wiring, the external part of the satellite-borne turntable directly faces harsh space environment including high vacuum, thermal cycle, charged particle irradiation, ultraviolet irradiation, atomic oxygen, space debris and the like, the movable cable is exposed in the space environment for a long time, the outer protective layer of the cable is easy to age and become brittle, even breaks and fails, and the signal transmission quality and the service life of a cable network are seriously influenced. And the space inside the satellite-borne turntable is tight, and the cable wiring space is extremely limited.

Therefore, a movable cable wiring scheme of the satellite-borne turntable, which can ensure the service life, reliability and stability of the satellite-borne turntable, is urgently needed to be designed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a satellite-borne turntable movable cable wiring system and a satellite-borne turntable movable cable wiring method.

The movable cable wiring system of the satellite-borne turntable comprises a first mounting base assembly, a second mounting base assembly and a cable bundle, wherein the first mounting base assembly is mounted on a rotor, the second mounting base assembly is mounted on a stator, and the cable bundle is arranged on a stator; the first mounting seat assembly comprises a first cable connector which is rotatably arranged, and the second mounting seat assembly comprises a second cable connector which is rotatably arranged; the two ends of the cable bundle are respectively and fixedly connected with the first cable connector and the second cable connector, and the cable bundle comprises a plurality of scattered small wire harnesses.

Preferably, the first mounting seat assembly further comprises a first mounting seat, an upper ball socket and a lower ball socket, the upper ball socket and the lower ball socket are oppositely arranged on the first mounting seat, and a space for mounting the first cable joint is formed by the upper ball socket and the lower ball socket in a matched manner; the first cable joint comprises a spherical cable joint which is respectively in running fit with the upper ball socket and the lower ball socket.

Preferably, the material of the spherical cable joint comprises titanium alloy, and the material of the upper ball socket and the lower ball socket comprises aluminum alloy.

Preferably, the second mounting seat assembly further comprises a second mounting seat and a clamping block, the second cable joint comprises a flanged cable joint, a clamping groove is formed in the second mounting seat, the clamping block is matched with the clamping groove to mount the flanged cable joint on the second mounting seat, and the flanged cable joint is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the clamping groove and the clamping block.

Preferably, the flanged cable joint is made of titanium alloy, and the second mounting seat and the clamping block are made of aluminum alloy.

Preferably, still include the safety cover subassembly, the safety cover subassembly is installed in the second mount pad subassembly and is kept away from one side of first mount pad subassembly, the safety cover subassembly forms the bag shape space that is used for placing cable harness with the cooperation of second mount pad subassembly.

Preferably, the protection cover assembly comprises an upper cover and a lower cover, the upper cover and the lower cover are detachably connected, and the inner walls of the upper cover and the lower cover are designed into round corners or circular arcs.

According to the invention, a satellite-borne turntable movable cable wiring method is provided, which comprises the satellite-borne turntable movable cable wiring system of any one of claims 1-7, and the method comprises the following steps: s1, performing small-harness distributed cable splitting design according to the total number and relative positions of the cable bundles of the satellite-borne rotary table, and accordingly controlling the minimum bending radius of the whole cable bundle; s2, determining the path size of S-shaped routing of the small wire harness, and ensuring the initial shape of the cable harness (4) by adopting a template wiring method so that the small wire harness is not hooked with other structures; s3, gluing and fixing the upper end and the lower end of the small wire harness with a spherical cable joint (12) and a cable joint (22) with a flange respectively; s4, the small wire harness is installed on the first mounting seat assembly (1) through a spherical cable joint (12); the small wire harness is installed on the second installation seat assembly (2) through a flanged cable joint (22), and the small wire harness is sequentially coiled into the second installation seat (21).

Preferably, the wire diameter of the small wire harness is between 0 and 10mm, the overall minimum bending radius of the cable harness is 2 to 3 times of the wire diameter of the cable harness, and the overall minimum bending radius of the cable harness is less than or equal to 30 mm.

Preferably, the path size of the S-shaped trace of the small wire harness is comprehensively determined by the cable routing requirement, the assembly space limit, the cable harness torsion angle, the minimum bending radius and the tensile strength.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, the cable bundle is divided into a plurality of small wire bundles for S-shaped wiring by adopting a distributed wiring method, and the torsional resistance moment of the cable bundle is favorably reduced by the rotatable first cable joint on the first mounting seat and the rotatable second cable joint on the second mounting seat, so that the abrasion and the damage of the cable are favorably reduced, the service life of the movable cable is prolonged, and the movable cable is high in reliability and strong in stability;

2. according to the invention, the cable bundle is divided into small wire harness routing by adopting a distributed routing method, so that the cable bundle meets the minimum bending radius, meanwhile, the layout design is completed in a compact space, and the length of the movable part of the cable is prolonged to the maximum extent in a limited space through S-shaped routing, thereby being beneficial to reducing the torsion angle of the cable bundle in unit length;

3. according to the invention, the root of the movable cable bundle can move within a certain range on the basis of meeting the assembly condition through the spherical cable joint and the cable joint with the flange, so that the problem of stress concentration of the root of the cable bundle is favorably solved;

4. according to the invention, the cable bundle is protected from hooking and abrasion with other structures by adopting an internal space wiring mode and isolating the influence of a space environment through the protective cover component, and meanwhile, the risk that the movable cable bundle generates excess substances to influence the normal work of the satellite-borne turntable is reduced, thereby being beneficial to improving the working stability and reliability of the movable cable.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a wiring system according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spherical cable connector arrangement on a first mounting base according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a spherical cable joint mounting configuration embodying the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a spherical cable joint embodying the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a flanged cable joint arrangement on a second mounting base embodying the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a flanged cable joint mounting arrangement embodying the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a flanged cable joint according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a cable harness mounting structure on a second mounting base according to the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the protective cover assembly according to the present invention.

Shown in the figure:

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the satellite-borne turntable movable cable routing system provided by the invention comprises a first mounting base assembly 1 mounted on a rotor, a second mounting base assembly 2 mounted on a stator, a protective cover assembly 3 and a cable bundle 4. The first mount assembly 1 includes a first cable connector that is capable of three hundred sixty degrees of rotation and the second mount assembly 2 includes a second cable connector that is capable of three hundred sixty degrees of rotation. Two ends of the cable bundle 4 are respectively and tightly connected with the first cable connector and the second cable connector. The first mounting base assembly 1 and the second mounting base assembly 2 are designed according to the structural requirements of the satellite-borne turntable, support is provided for the installation and fixation of the cable bundle 4, and the cable bundle 4 is continuously twisted and bent along with the rotation of the satellite-borne turntable.

The cable harness 4 comprises a plurality of scattered small wire harnesses, the wiring of the cable harness 4 is S-shaped wiring, and the twisting moment of the cable harness 4 can be obviously reduced by matching the first cable joint and the second cable joint which can rotate by three hundred and sixty degrees, so that the abrasion and the damage of the cable harness 4 can be reduced, and the service life of the cable harness 4 is prolonged.

As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the first mounting base assembly 1 further includes a first mounting base 11, an upper ball socket 13 and a lower ball socket 14, the first cable joint is a spherical cable joint 12, the upper ball socket 13 and the lower ball socket 14 are oppositely arranged on the first mounting base 11 and are fixed on the first mounting base 11 through screws, the first mounting base 11 is made of T700 carbon fiber, and aluminum alloy reinforcing sheets are glued to ensure the connection reliability between the first mounting base and the upper ball socket 13 and the lower ball socket 14. The upper ball socket 13 and the lower ball socket 14 are matched to form a space for installing the spherical cable joint 12, and the spherical cable joint 12 is respectively in rotating fit with the upper ball socket 13 and the lower ball socket 14, so that the spherical cable joint 12 can rotate on the first installation seat 11 by 360 degrees and swing within a certain range. The cable bundle 4 can pass through the first mounting seat 11 through the spherical cable joint 12, and the cable bundle 4 is glued to the spherical cable joint 12 by using 420, J133 or other glue solutions, so that no relative movement between the cable bundle 4 and the spherical cable joint 12 is ensured.

The upper ball socket 13 and the lower ball socket 14 are both made of aluminum alloy materials, the spherical cable joint 12 is made of titanium alloy, the wear resistance of the spherical cable joint 12 is improved, and the dissimilar materials can prevent the cold welding phenomenon of the spherical cable joint 12, the upper ball socket 13 and the lower ball socket 14 in a space environment.

As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, the second mounting base assembly 2 further includes a second mounting base 21 and a latch 23, the second cable connector is a flanged cable connector 22, and a slot is formed at a peripheral edge of the second mounting base 21. Flanged cable joint 22 installs in the draw-in groove, and fixture block 23 fastening is pegged graft in the draw-in groove to prevent that flanged cable joint 22 from droing from the draw-in groove, and flanged cable joint 22 and the inner wall of draw-in groove and fixture block 23 two are clearance fit, can guarantee that flanged cable joint 22 rotates 360 on second mount pad 21. The flanged cable joint 22 is made of titanium alloy, and the second mounting seat 21 and the clamping block 23 are made of aluminum alloy, so that the cold welding phenomenon is prevented.

As shown in fig. 8, the cable bundle 4 can pass through the second mounting seat 21 through the flanged cable joint 22, and the cable bundle 4 is glued to the flanged cable joint 22 by using 420, J133 or other glue solutions, so as to ensure that there is no relative movement between the cable bundle 4 and the flanged cable joint 22.

As shown in fig. 1 and 9, the protection cover assembly 3 is installed on one side of the second installation base 21 departing from the first installation base 11, the protection cover assembly 3 includes an upper cover 31 and a lower cover 32, the upper cover 31 is installed on one side of the second installation base 21 departing from the first installation base 11 in a gluing mode, and the lower cover 32 is detachably fastened and connected with the upper cover 31 through screws, so that the protection cover assembly 3 can be conveniently installed or detached.

The protective cover component 3 and the second mounting seat 21 are matched to form a bag-shaped space for placing the cable bundle 4, the shape of the protective cover component 3 is designed by deformation analysis in the twisting process of the cable bundle 4 so as to meet the twisting motion of the cable bundle 4, the cable bundle 4 can be prevented from being exposed in a space environment due to the relatively closed bag-shaped space, meanwhile, the protective cover component 3 can isolate redundant materials generated in the twisting process of the movable cables, and the risk that the rotary table breaks down due to the redundant materials is reduced.

The inner walls of the upper cover 31 and the lower cover 32 are designed to be round corners and circular arcs, so that the path of the movable cable bundle 4 is smooth and flat, the abrasion on the surface of the cable bundle 4 is reduced, and the cable bundle 4 is prevented from being hooked with other structures of the satellite-borne turntable.

The cable bundle 4 is ensured to be in an initial shape by a template wiring method or a tooling wiring method. The wires of the cable bundle 4 are routed in parallel, so that the inertia moments of the sections at different positions are consistent. The NOMEX binding tapes are used for binding the cable bundles 4 in sections, the binding width should not exceed 10mm, the binding interval is about 50mm, and the parts with shapes which are not easy to fix can be properly bound by encryption. The outer layer of the cable bundle 4 is wrapped by a polytetrafluoroethylene microporous belt to prevent the wires from being hooked, and the polytetrafluoroethylene microporous belt is 15 multiplied by 0.051mm (width multiplied by height).

The invention provides a satellite-borne turntable movable cable wiring method, which comprises the satellite-borne turntable movable cable wiring system, and comprises the following steps:

and S1, carrying out small-beam spread type cable splitting design according to the total number and the relative position of the cable beams 4 of the satellite-borne turntable, thereby controlling the minimum bending radius of the whole cable beam 4 and enabling the wire diameter of the small beam to be between 0 and 10mm, and preferably 10 mm. The overall minimum bending radius of the cable bundle 4 is 2 to 3 times its wire diameter, and the overall minimum bending radius of the cable bundle 4 is 30mm or less.

And S2, determining the motion state of the cable bundle 4 by simulating and analyzing the working state of the satellite-borne turntable, and determining the path size of the S-shaped routing of the small wire harness according to the parameters such as the cable trend requirement, the assembly space limitation, the torsion angle of the cable bundle 4, the minimum bending radius, the tensile strength and the like. The cable connector can not be hooked and abraded with other structures in a limited space, can control the torsional resistance moment, and reduces the risk of cable breakage and even breakage caused by long-time torsion and bending.

S3, gluing and fixing the upper end and the lower end of a cable bundle 4 consisting of a plurality of small wire harnesses with the spherical cable joint 12 and the cable joint 22 with the flange respectively; 420, J133 or other glue can be used to ensure no relative movement between the cable bundle 4 and the cable joint.

S4, mounting a cable bundle 4 consisting of a plurality of small wire bundles on the first mounting seat assembly 1 through the spherical cable joint 12; a cable bundle 4 consisting of a plurality of small wire harnesses is mounted on the second mount base assembly 2 through a flanged cable joint 22, and the cable bundle 4 is sequentially wound into the inside of the second mount base 21. The reversing of the cable bundle 4 is accomplished with a minimum space while ensuring that the minimum bending radius of the cable bundle 4 is met.

As shown in fig. 1, the following is a preferred solution provided by the present application: the cable bundle 4 passing through the existing satellite-borne turntable contains more than 300 conducting wires, the conducting wires are divided into twelve small wire bundles with the wire diameter of 10mm, and the minimum bending radius of the whole cable bundle 4 is 30 mm.

12 spherical cable joints 12 are arranged on the first mounting seat 11 in an equally-spaced rotating mode around the central axis of the first mounting seat 11, and the spherical cable joints 12 correspond to the small wire harnesses one by one; 12 flanged cable connectors 22 are rotatably mounted around the central axis of the second mounting base 21 at the peripheral side edge position of the second mounting base 21 at equal intervals, and the flanged cable connectors 22 correspond to the small wire harnesses one by one.

Any small wire harness enters the second mounting seat 21 through a sequential wire coiling method, so that the reversing of the cable harness 4 is completed by using the minimum space while the minimum bending radius of the cable harness 4 is met. Any small wire harness passes through the second mounting seat 21 through the corresponding flanged cable joint 22, and any small wire harness passes through the first mounting seat 11 through the corresponding spherical cable joint 12. Any small wire harness is routed in an S shape, the length of the small wire harness can be prolonged in a limited space, so that the torsion angle of the wire harness in unit length can be reduced, the torsion resistance moment of the wire harness can be reduced, and the service life of the wire harness is prolonged.

Principle of operation

Divide into twelve little pencil with cable harness 4, twelve little pencil all takes the S-shaped line of walking, can prolong the length of little pencil in finite space to can reduce the angle of torsion of pencil unit length, and then can reduce the torsional resistance moment of pencil, increase of service life. Twelve small wire harnesses enter the second mounting seat 21 through a sequential wire coiling method, so that the reversing of the cable harness 4 is completed by using the minimum space while the minimum bending radius of the cable harness 4 is met; and the spherical cable joint 12 capable of rotating by three hundred sixty degrees on the first mounting seat 11 and the flanged cable joint 22 capable of rotating by three hundred sixty degrees on the second mounting seat 21 are utilized, so that the torsional resistance moment of the cable bundle 4 can be obviously reduced, and the service life of the cable bundle is prolonged.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.