阅读说明：本技术 一种葡萄冬季无需埋土的深沟栽培方法 (Deep groove cultivation method for grapes without burying soil in winter ) 是由 张克坤 陈可钦 房玉林 张鹏 于 2021-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种葡萄冬季无需埋土的深沟栽培方法。为解决现有葡萄树埋土防寒采用的机械、人力成本高昂的问题。本发明采用的方法为：在葡萄栽培行内深挖防寒定植沟,沿防寒定植沟的一侧定植葡萄苗,待葡萄苗的高度大于定植沟的深度60 cm以上时,在定植葡萄苗的一侧,距离底部20 cm处,安装地下支撑板,并在地下支撑板上回填土壤至与地面齐平,地下支撑板的宽度与回填土壤的宽度相同,均为定植沟宽的一半,葡萄幼苗由防寒定植沟开口端一侧倾斜生长至定干丝,培养篱架或V型架；冬季时将葡萄地上部分主干和葡萄地下部分主干回压至定植沟底端,使用防寒材料覆盖防寒定植沟开口端口,春季时去掉防寒材料,引导葡萄主干上架。(The invention relates to a deep groove cultivation method for grapes without burying soil in winter. Aims to solve the problem of high mechanical and labor cost in the prior art of earth burying and cold protection of grapevines. The method adopted by the invention comprises the following steps: deeply digging a cold-proof planting ditch in a grape cultivation row, planting grape seedlings along one side of the cold-proof planting ditch, installing an underground support plate at a position 20cm away from the bottom of one side of the grape seedlings to be planted when the height of the grape seedlings is more than 60cm greater than the depth of the planting ditch, backfilling soil on the underground support plate to be flush with the ground, wherein the width of the underground support plate is the same as the width of the backfilled soil and is half of the width of the planting ditch, obliquely growing the grape seedlings from one side of the open end of the cold-proof planting ditch to fixed dry filaments, and culturing a trellis or a V-shaped frame; in winter, the overground part of grape trunks and the underground part of grape trunks are pressed back to the bottom end of the planting furrows, the opening ports of the cold-proof planting furrows are covered with cold-proof materials, the cold-proof materials are removed in spring, and the grape trunks are guided to be put on the shelf.)

1. A deep trench cultivation method for grapes without burying soil in winter is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: deeply digging a cold-proof planting ditch (1) in a grape cultivation line, planting grape seedlings along one side of the cold-proof planting ditch (1), when the height of the grape seedlings is more than 60cm greater than the depth of the planting ditch, installing an underground support plate (6) at the position 20cm away from the bottom of one side of the grape seedlings, backfilling soil (7) on the underground support plate (6) to be flush with the ground, wherein the width of the underground support plate (6) is the same as that of the backfilled soil and is half of the width of the planting ditch, obliquely growing the grape seedlings to fixed dry filaments (10) from one side of an open end (9) of the cold-proof planting ditch, and cultivating a trellis or a V-shaped frame; in winter, the overground part trunk (3) and the underground part trunk (4) of the grapes are pressed back to the bottom end (8) of the planting ditch, the opening end (9) of the winter-proof planting ditch is covered with cold-proof materials, and the cold-proof materials are removed in spring to guide the trunks of the grapes to be placed on the shelf.

2. The deep trench cultivation method for grapes in winter without burying soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the grapes are obliquely planted or vertically planted at the bottom (8) of the planting ditch, and the root systems can face to rows or spaces during oblique planting.

3. The deep trench cultivation method for grapes in winter without burying soil as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: after the main trunk of the grape seedling grows along the fixed stem thread (10), management is carried out according to the culture mode of a fence frame or a V-shaped frame, and 1-2 postemergence cutoffs are selected and reserved on the fruit branches on the main trunk in winter.

4. The deep trench cultivation method for grapes in winter without burying soil as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the opening end (9) of the cold-proof planting ditch is narrow, the bottom end (8) of the planting ditch is wide, and the underground support plate (6) can be horizontally placed or obliquely upwards placed towards one side of the non-planting nursery stock; if the soil property of the soil is hard and solid, the bottom of the cold-proof planting ditch (1) can be directly expanded by adopting a side digging mode without using an underground supporting plate (6).

5. The deep trench cultivation method for grapes in winter without burying soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein: drip irrigation pipes are laid in the cold-proof planting ditches (1), and one ends of the planting ditches are communicated with drainage ditches.

6. The deep trench cultivation method for grapes in winter without burying soil as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the depth of the planting furrows of the cold-proof planting furrows (1) is determined according to the lowest temperature of the local winter and the buried soil thickness of the winter.

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, in particular to a deep groove cultivation method for grapes without burying soil in winter.

Secondly, background art:

winter soil burying and cold prevention are important links of field management of vineyards in northern cold areas of China. According to different regions, the buried soil thickness of the grapes is different, the buried soil thickness in the northern Shandong region, the northern Shaanxi region and other regions is about 30cm, and the buried soil thickness in the grape producing region at the eastern foot of Xinjiang and Ningxia Helan mountain is about 80 cm. Along with the increase of the buried soil thickness, the workload of the buried soil cold-proof link of the vineyard is also increased by times. Although the grape soil burying winter protection work is gradually changed from manual soil burying into mechanical soil burying along with the development of science and technology, the grape soil burying winter protection cost still occupies a large share in the total investment of vineyard management. In addition, the grape garden has large workload in soil burying and digging processes, and high mechanical and labor cost, and becomes an important factor for limiting the development of the grape industry.

Thirdly, the invention content:

in view of the above, the invention provides a deep trench cultivation method for grapes without soil burying in winter, which aims to solve the problem of high mechanical and labor cost in the existing grape vine soil burying winter protection.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a deep-trench cultivation method without burying soil for grapes in winter is characterized in that a cold-proof planting ditch is deeply dug in a grape cultivation row, grape seedlings are planted along one side of the cold-proof planting ditch, when the height of the grape seedlings is more than 60cm greater than the depth of the planting ditch, an underground support plate is installed at a position 20cm away from the bottom of one side of the grape seedlings, soil is backfilled on the underground support plate to be flush with the ground, the width of the underground support plate is the same as the width of the backfilled soil and is half of the width of the planting ditch, the grape seedlings obliquely grow to fixed dry filaments from one side of the open end of the cold-proof planting ditch, and a trellis or a V-shaped trellis is cultivated; in winter, the overground part of grape trunks and the underground part of grape trunks are pressed back to the bottom end of the planting furrows, the opening ports of the cold-proof planting furrows are covered with cold-proof materials, the cold-proof materials are removed in spring, and the grape trunks are guided to be put on the shelf.

Furthermore, the grapes are obliquely planted or vertically planted at the bottom end of the planting ditch, and the root systems can face to the rows or the spaces during oblique planting.

Further, after the main trunk of the grape seedling grows along the fixed trunk line, management is carried out according to a culture mode of a fence frame or a V-shaped frame, and 1-2 bud-later cutoffs are selected and reserved on the fruit branches on the main trunk in winter.

Furthermore, the opening end of the cold-proof planting ditch is narrow, the bottom end of the planting ditch is wide, and the underground support plate can be horizontally placed or obliquely upwards placed towards one side of the non-planting nursery stock; if the soil quality of the soil is hard and solid, the bottom of the winter-proof planting ditch is directly enlarged in a side digging mode without using an underground supporting plate.

Furthermore, drip irrigation pipes are laid in the cold-proof planting furrows, and one ends of the planting furrows are communicated with the drainage ditches.

Further, the depth of the planting furrows of the cold-proof planting furrows is determined according to the lowest temperature of the local winter and the buried soil thickness of the winter.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:

(1) in winter, the grapes overwinter in the winter-proof planting furrows, the tops of the furrows are covered with winter-proof materials or a small amount of field soil, and large-scale soil burying is not needed mechanically or manually, so that the soil burying workload is reduced, and the management cost is saved;

(2) the grapes safely overwinter at the bottom of the ditch, and only cold-proof materials need to be removed in spring, so that mechanical damage to the grape vines in the previous mechanical or manual soil removing process is avoided;

(3) the drip irrigation pipe is positioned at the bottom of the planting ditch, so that excessive evaporation of water can be prevented, and the water utilization efficiency of the vineyard in a dry area is improved; covering materials can be paved on the top of the planting furrows in high-temperature weather, so that the soil humidity is further kept.

Fourthly, explanation of the attached drawings:

FIG. 1 is an overall effect diagram of grapes after being shelved;

FIG. 2 is an effect diagram of grapes at various angles after being placed on a shelf and placed off the shelf; wherein A is a graph of the effect of grapes after being put on a shelf; b is an effect picture after the grapes are placed on the shelf;

FIG. 3 is a digging process of grape winter protection planting furrows; a, digging a planting ditch; B. planting grape seedlings in the planting furrows; C. laying a supporting plate in the planting trench; D. covering soil on one side of the support plate in the planting ditch; E. the structure diagram inside the planting furrows;

FIG. 4 shows the operation of deep-furrow grape cultivation mode;

fig. 5 is an appearance structure of the grape trunk hanging and pressing hook.

Description of the labeling: 1. winter protection planting furrows; 2. a column; 3. aerial part of the trunk of the grape; 4. the grape underground trunk; 5. grape root systems; 6. an underground support plate; 7. soil; 8. the bottom end of the planting trench; 9. opening ends of the winter proofing planting furrows; 10. fixing dry silk; 11. an underground portion; 12. the grape trunk pressing hook.

The fifth embodiment is as follows:

in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The invention provides a deep groove cultivation method for grapes without burying soil in winter, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of deeply digging cold-proof planting furrows 1 in grape cultivation rows, wherein the cold-proof planting furrows are communicated with drainage ditches in a garden, the planting furrows are 60cm in width and 60cm in width, planting grape seedlings obliquely along one side of the cold-proof planting furrows (the grape root systems 5 can be planted in the rows or in the rows in an inclined mode), installing an underground support plate 6 with the width of 30cm at a position 20cm away from the bottom of one side of the grape seedlings when the height of the grape seedlings is more than 1.2m, backfilling partial soil 7 on the underground support plate 6, covering the soil to be level with the ground level and compacting the soil, changing the width of the opening end of each planting furrow into 30cm after covering the soil, guiding the grape seedlings to grow continuously obliquely upwards (see fig. 3), enabling the grapes to grow obliquely from one side of the opening end 9 of each cold-proof planting furrow to be dry silks 10, and culturing a trellis or a V-shaped frame.

In spring and summer in the first year, drip irrigation pipes are installed in the winter-proof planting furrows, and when grape seedlings are over 6 leaves, nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 3-4 times in a matched manner, so that grape branches are promoted to grow rapidly, the grape seedlings are guided to climb on the first layer of dry fixing filaments (the height of the ground is 40cm) between the stand columns 2, and the grape seedlings are subjected to pinching and stout and are cultured into trunks.

In winter of the first year, the overground part of the grape trunk 3 and the underground part of the grape trunk 4 are pressed back to the bottom 8 of the planting trench in winter, the grape trunk is erected in the planting trench by using a grape trunk pressing and pulling hook 12 (see figure 5), and a partition plate, felt and other materials are covered at the opening of the cold-proof trench.

In the spring of the next year, the grape trunk is hooked out by using the grape trunk pressing and pulling hook 12, and the grape trunk is guided to be placed on the frame. And (4) for the sprouts on the trunk, all the sprouts in the planting furrows are erased, and the sprouts above the planting furrows are selected and retained to be relatively robust for continuous culture. Applying nitrogen fertilizer for 3-4 times to promote the growth of branches.

In summer and autumn of the next year, two relatively strong new shoots are selected and reserved as double arms according to production requirements, and the hedge frame is cultured.

In winter of the second year, the two arms are kept, weak branch parts are trimmed off, and the process of getting off the shelf in winter of the first year is repeated.

Then repeating the operation process of putting on shelf every year for the second year, cultivating the trellis tree with single trunk and double arms, and selecting 1-2 bud short sections on the resulting branches on the trunk in winter (see figure 1 and figure 2).

The grapes can be vertically fixed at the bottom end 8 of the planting furrows.

The underground supporting plate 6 can be horizontally placed or obliquely placed upwards towards one side of the non-planted nursery stock; if the soil property of the soil is hard and solid, the bottom of the winter protection planting ditch 1 can be directly expanded by adopting a side digging mode without using the underground supporting plate 6.

The depth of the planting furrows of the cold-proof planting furrows 1 is determined according to the lowest temperature of the local winter and the buried soil thickness of the past year.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.