阅读说明：本技术 一种鼓槌石斛种植过程中的病害防治方法 (Disease control method in dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process ) 是由 高建波 于 2020-06-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：为解决现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种鼓槌石斛种植过程中的病害防治方法,包括：在每年1-6月喷洒消毒液,相邻两次消毒液喷洒间隔为20-25天。所述消毒液由固体成分与预设质量的清水混合而成。以质量份数计,所述固体成分包括：蒲公英杆25-28份,滇黄精杆15-20份,飞机草50-55份,氯化钠10-12份。本发明的消毒液采用常规草药和滇黄精的种植副产物作为主要原料制备得到,原料来源广且成本较低。且消毒液不含化学药物成分,不会导致作物农残超标,便于作物后期制备得到产品。同时,所得消毒液效果较好,使用期间可将病虫害的发病率降低至3％以下。(In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a disease control method in a dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process, which comprises the following steps: spraying the disinfectant at 1-6 months per year, wherein the interval between two adjacent disinfectant sprays is 20-25 days. The disinfectant is prepared by mixing solid components with clean water with preset mass. The solid components comprise the following components in parts by mass: 25-28 parts of dandelion stems, 15-20 parts of polygonatum kingianum stems, 50-55 parts of aeroponica herbs and 10-12 parts of sodium chloride. The disinfectant disclosed by the invention is prepared by taking conventional herbal medicines and the planting byproducts of polygonatum kingianum as main raw materials, and has the advantages of wide raw material source and low cost. And the disinfectant does not contain chemical medicine components, so that the crop pesticide residue is not over-standard, and the later-stage preparation of crops to obtain products is facilitated. Meanwhile, the obtained disinfectant has a good effect, and the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced to below 3% during use.)

1. A disease control method in a dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process is characterized by comprising the following steps: spraying the disinfectant at 1-6 months per year, wherein the interval between two adjacent disinfectant sprays is 20-25 days;

the disinfectant is formed by mixing solid components and clean water with preset mass; the solid components comprise the following components in parts by mass: 25-28 parts of dandelion stems, 15-20 parts of polygonatum kingianum stems, 50-55 parts of aeroponica herbs and 10-12 parts of sodium chloride.

2. The disease control method in the dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the disinfectant comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing dandelion stems, polygonatum kingianum stems and aeroponicum herbs according to the formula amount, and cleaning for later use;

s2, cutting dandelion stems and aeroplane grass into small sections, uniformly mixing, putting the small sections into a crushing device, adding clear water with the mass of 10-12 times, starting crushing, and performing primary crushing to obtain a primary crushing mixed solution;

s3, adding sodium chloride in a formula amount into the first crushing mixed liquid, uniformly stirring, and standing for 40-50 hours to obtain a second crushing mixed liquid;

s4, cutting polygonatum kingianum stems into small sections, adding the small sections into a second crushing mixed solution, supplementing clear water with the mass 3-5 times of that of the polygonatum kingianum stems, starting crushing, and performing secondary crushing to obtain a third crushing mixed solution;

s5, filtering the third crushed mixed solution, taking a liquid phase part, and fully mixing the liquid phase part with 500-fold and 600-fold clear water of the liquid phase part to obtain the disinfectant.

3. The method for controlling diseases in the dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process according to claim 2, wherein the dandelion, polygonatum kingianum and aeroponica is washed in step S1, immersed in a glacial acetic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 3-5%, and soaked for 6-8 hours.

4. The disease control method in the dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process according to claim 3, wherein the mass of the glacial acetic acid aqueous solution is 2-2.3 times of the total mass of dandelion, polygonatum kingianum and aeroponicum herbs.

5. The method for preventing and treating diseases during dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process according to claim 2, wherein in the step S2, the first crushing is carried out, and the temperature of the materials in the crushing device is controlled not to exceed 40 ℃ during stirring.

6. The method for preventing and treating diseases during dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the second crushing is performed, and the temperature of the materials in the crushing device is controlled not to exceed 60 ℃ during stirring.

7. The disease control method in dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process according to claim 2, wherein the filtering process of step S5 is: firstly, heating the third crushed mixed solution to 50-55 ℃ at normal temperature and normal pressure, and maintaining the temperature for 10-15 minutes; then the hot third crushed mixed liquid passes through a 50-mesh screen, an 80-mesh screen and a 120-mesh screen in turn, and the filtrate part is the liquid phase part.

8. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step of filtering is performed in step S5, and the residue is taken out and put into a crushing device, and after crushing to 320 mesh, the filtrate is added and mixed uniformly to obtain the liquid phase.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, and particularly relates to a disease control method in a dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process.

Background

Dendrobium chrysotoxum is a herbaceous plant. Upright stem, fleshy, spindle-shaped, 6-30 cm long, 1.5-5 cm thick middle part, 2-5 internodes, most round and blunt edges, golden yellow after being dried, and 2-5 leaves near the top. The leaf leather is long round, the length is 19 cm, the width is 2-3.5 cm or wider, the tip is sharp and hooked, the base is narrow but does not extend downwards to form a sheath for embracing the stem.

The existing dendrobium chrysotoxum is easy to suffer from plant diseases and insect pests such as dendrobium black spot, dendrobium anthracnose, dendrobium felon and the like in the planting process. The existing control method generally comprises spraying carbendazim or destroying plants with plant diseases and insect pests. Chemical prevention and control easily leads to the overproof pesticide residues of products, and the main function of destruction prevention and control is to prevent the spread of plant diseases and insect pests, so that the prevention and control effect is poor while the loss is large.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a disease control method in a dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process, which comprises the following steps: spraying the disinfectant at 1-6 months per year, wherein the interval between two adjacent disinfectant sprays is 20-25 days.

Furthermore, the disinfectant is prepared by mixing solid components with clean water with preset mass. The solid components comprise the following components in parts by mass: 25-28 parts of dandelion stems, 15-20 parts of polygonatum kingianum stems, 50-55 parts of aeroponica herbs and 10-12 parts of sodium chloride.

Further, the preparation method of the disinfectant comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing dandelion stems, polygonatum kingianum stems and aeroponicum herbs according to the formula amount, and cleaning for later use.

S2, cutting the dandelion stems and the aircraft grass into small sections, uniformly mixing, putting the small sections into a crushing device, adding clear water with the mass of 10-12 times, starting crushing, and crushing for the first time to obtain a first crushed mixed solution.

S3, adding the sodium chloride with the formula amount into the first crushing mixed liquid, uniformly stirring, and standing for 40-50 hours to obtain a second crushing mixed liquid.

S4, cutting polygonatum kingianum stems into small sections, adding the small sections into a second crushing mixed solution, supplementing clear water with the mass 3-5 times of that of the polygonatum kingianum stems, starting crushing, and performing secondary crushing to obtain a third crushing mixed solution.

S5, filtering the third crushed mixed solution, taking a liquid phase part, and fully mixing the liquid phase part with 500-fold and 600-fold clear water of the liquid phase part to obtain the disinfectant.

Further, the dandelion, polygonatum kingianum and aircraft grass in the step S1 are washed, immersed into a glacial acetic acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 3-5%, and soaked for 6-8 hours.

Further, the mass of the glacial acetic acid aqueous solution is 2-2.3 times of the total mass of the dandelion, polygonatum kingianum and aeroponica.

Further, the first crushing in the step S2 is carried out, and the temperature of the materials in the crushing device is controlled not to exceed 40 ℃ in the stirring process.

Further, in the step S4, crushing for the second time, wherein the temperature of the materials in the crushing device is controlled not to exceed 60 ℃ in the stirring process.

Further, in step S5, the filtering process is: firstly, heating the third crushed mixed solution to 50-55 ℃ at normal temperature and normal pressure, and maintaining the temperature for 10-15 minutes. Then the hot third crushed mixed liquid passes through a 50-mesh screen, an 80-mesh screen and a 120-mesh screen in turn, and the filtrate part is the liquid phase part.

Further, after the filtration treatment in the step S5, the filter residue part is taken and put into a crushing device, and after the filter residue part is crushed to 300 meshes and 320 meshes, the filter residue part is added into the filtrate part and fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the liquid phase part.

The invention has at least one of the following advantages:

1. the disinfectant disclosed by the invention is prepared by taking conventional herbal medicines and the planting byproducts of polygonatum kingianum as main raw materials, and has the advantages of wide raw material source and low cost.

2. The disinfectant disclosed by the invention does not contain chemical medicine components, so that the crop pesticide residue is not over-standard, and the product is conveniently prepared at the later stage of crops.

3. The disinfectant has good effect, and the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced to below 3% during use.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1

A disease control method in a dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process comprises the following steps: spraying the disinfectant at 1-6 months per year, wherein the interval between two adjacent disinfectant sprays is 22 days.

The disinfectant is prepared by mixing solid components with clean water with preset mass. The solid components comprise the following components in parts by mass: 26 parts of dandelion stems, 18 parts of polygonatum kingianum stems, 52 parts of aeroponica herbs and 11 parts of sodium chloride.

Example 2

A disease control method in a dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process comprises the following steps: spraying the disinfectant at 1-6 months per year, wherein the interval between two adjacent disinfectant sprays is 25 days.

The disinfectant is prepared by mixing solid components with clean water with preset mass. The solid components comprise the following components in parts by mass: 28 parts of dandelion stems, 20 parts of polygonatum kingianum stems, 55 parts of aeroponica herbs and 12 parts of sodium chloride.

Example 3

A disease control method in a dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process comprises the following steps: spraying the disinfectant at 1-6 months per year, wherein the interval between two adjacent disinfectant sprays is 20 days.

The disinfectant is prepared by mixing solid components with clean water with preset mass. The solid components comprise the following components in parts by mass: 25 parts of dandelion stems, 15 parts of polygonatum kingianum stems, 50 parts of aeroponica herbs and 10 parts of sodium chloride.

The applicant finds that disinfectant fluid obtained by compounding dandelion, polygonatum kingianum, aircraft grass and sodium chloride can effectively prevent and treat diseases and insect pests of dendrobium chrysotoxum. According to the field planting result, the disease and insect pest incidence of dendrobium chrysotoxum can be reduced from 40-50% to about 20% after the dandelion, polygonatum kingianum, aeroponicum herb and sodium chloride are directly compounded with water.

Example 4

Based on the disease control method in the dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process in any embodiment of embodiments 1-3, the preparation method of the disinfectant comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing dandelion stems, polygonatum kingianum stems and aeroponicum herbs according to the formula amount, and cleaning for later use.

S2, cutting the dandelion stems and the aircraft grass into small sections, uniformly mixing, putting the small sections into a crushing device, adding clean water with the mass being 11 times that of the dandelion stems and the aircraft grass, starting crushing, and crushing for the first time to obtain a first crushed mixed solution.

And S3, adding the sodium chloride with the formula amount into the first crushing mixed liquid, uniformly stirring, and standing for 45 hours to obtain a second crushing mixed liquid.

And S4, cutting polygonatum kingianum stems into small sections, adding the small sections into the second crushing mixed liquid, supplementing clear water with the mass 4 times that of the polygonatum kingianum stems, starting crushing, and performing secondary crushing to obtain a third crushing mixed liquid.

And S5, filtering the third crushed mixed solution, taking a liquid phase part, and fully mixing the liquid phase part with clean water 550 times of the liquid phase part to obtain the disinfectant.

Example 5

Based on the disease control method in the dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process in any embodiment of embodiments 1-3, the preparation method of the disinfectant comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing dandelion stems, polygonatum kingianum stems and aeroponicum herbs according to the formula amount, and cleaning for later use.

S2, cutting the dandelion stems and the aircraft grass into small sections, uniformly mixing, putting the small sections into a crushing device, adding clear water with the mass being 12 times that of the dandelion stems and the aircraft grass, starting crushing, and crushing for the first time to obtain a first crushed mixed solution.

And S3, adding the sodium chloride with the formula amount into the first crushing mixed liquid, uniformly stirring, and standing for 50 hours to obtain a second crushing mixed liquid.

And S4, cutting polygonatum kingianum stems into small sections, adding the small sections into the second crushing mixed liquid, supplementing clear water with the mass 5 times of that of the polygonatum kingianum stems, starting crushing, and performing secondary crushing to obtain a third crushing mixed liquid.

And S5, filtering the third crushed mixed solution, taking a liquid phase part, and fully mixing the liquid phase part with 600 times of clear water to obtain the disinfectant.

Example 6

Based on the disease control method in the dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process in any embodiment of embodiments 1-3, the preparation method of the disinfectant comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing dandelion stems, polygonatum kingianum stems and aeroponicum herbs according to the formula amount, and cleaning for later use.

S2, cutting the dandelion stems and the aircraft grass into small sections, uniformly mixing, putting the small sections into a crushing device, adding clear water with the mass being 10 times that of the dandelion stems and the aircraft grass, starting crushing, and crushing for the first time to obtain a first crushed mixed solution.

And S3, adding the sodium chloride with the formula amount into the first crushing mixed liquid, uniformly stirring, and standing for 40 hours to obtain a second crushing mixed liquid.

And S4, cutting polygonatum kingianum stems into small sections, adding the small sections into the second crushing mixed liquid, supplementing clear water with the mass 3 times of that of the polygonatum kingianum stems, starting crushing, and performing secondary crushing to obtain a third crushing mixed liquid.

And S5, filtering the third crushed mixed solution, taking a liquid phase part, and fully mixing the liquid phase part with 500 times of clear water to obtain the disinfectant.

Compared with the disinfectant prepared by the method in the embodiment 4-6, the disinfectant prepared by the method in the embodiment 4-6 has a much stronger effect in direct mixing, and through a field planting experiment, the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests of dendrobium chrysotoxum can be further reduced to about 8% by using the disinfectant prepared by the method in the embodiment 4-6.

Example 7

Based on the disease control method in the dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process in any embodiment of embodiments 1-3, the preparation method of the disinfectant comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing dandelion stems, polygonatum kingianum stems and aeroponicum herbs according to the formula amount, and cleaning for later use.

S2, cutting the dandelion, the aeroplane grass and the polygonatum kingianum stems into small segments, uniformly mixing, putting the small segments into a crushing device, adding clean water with the mass being 11 times that of the dandelion, the aeroplane grass and the polygonatum kingianum stems and 5 times that of the polygonatum kingianum stems, starting crushing, and crushing for the first time to obtain a first crushed mixed solution.

And S3, adding the sodium chloride with the formula amount into the first crushing mixed liquid, uniformly stirring, and standing for 45 hours to obtain a second crushing mixed liquid.

And S3, filtering the second crushed mixed solution, taking a liquid phase part, and fully mixing the liquid phase part with clean water 550 times of the liquid phase part to obtain the disinfectant.

Example 7 is a comparative example of example 4, in which dandelion, aeroponica officinalis and polygonatum kingianum stems are cut into sections simultaneously, then mixed with water and crushed, and then sodium chloride is added according to the formula amount, and as a result, the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests of dendrobium chrysotoxum is about 15% in the field planting process.

Example 8

Based on the disease control method in the dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process in any embodiment of embodiments 1-3, the preparation method of the disinfectant comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing dandelion stems, polygonatum kingianum stems and aeroponicum herbs according to the formula amount, and cleaning for later use.

S2, cutting the dandelion stems and the polygonatum kingianum stems into small segments, uniformly mixing, putting the small segments into a crushing device, adding clear water with the mass being 11 times that of the small segments, starting crushing, and crushing for the first time to obtain a first crushed mixed solution.

And S3, adding the sodium chloride with the formula amount into the first crushing mixed liquid, uniformly stirring, and standing for 45 hours to obtain a second crushing mixed liquid.

S4, cutting the aeroplane grass into small sections, adding the small sections into the second crushing mixed solution, supplementing clear water with the mass 4 times of that of the polygonatum kingianum stems, starting crushing, and performing secondary crushing to obtain a third crushing mixed solution.

And S5, filtering the third crushed mixed solution, taking a liquid phase part, and fully mixing the liquid phase part with clean water 550 times of the liquid phase part to obtain the disinfectant.

Example 9

Based on the disease control method in the dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process in any embodiment of embodiments 1-3, the preparation method of the disinfectant comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing dandelion stems, polygonatum kingianum stems and aeroponicum herbs according to the formula amount, and cleaning for later use.

S2, cutting the stems of the aircraft grass and the polygonatum kingianum into small sections, uniformly mixing, putting the small sections into a crushing device, adding clean water with the mass being 11 times that of the stems, starting crushing, and crushing for the first time to obtain a first crushed mixed solution.

And S3, adding the sodium chloride with the formula amount into the first crushing mixed liquid, uniformly stirring, and standing for 45 hours to obtain a second crushing mixed liquid.

And S4, cutting the dandelion stalks into small sections, adding the small sections into the second crushing mixed solution, supplementing clear water with the mass 4 times that of the polygonatum kingianum stalks, starting crushing, and crushing for the second time to obtain a third crushing mixed solution.

And S5, filtering the third crushed mixed solution, taking a liquid phase part, and fully mixing the liquid phase part with clean water 550 times of the liquid phase part to obtain the disinfectant.

Examples 8 and 9 are comparative examples to example 4 in which the applicant adjusted the order of addition of the first and second crushing. The result is: in the field planting process, the disease and insect pest incidence rate of dendrobium chrysotoxum in example 8 is about 18%, and the disease and insect pest incidence rate of dendrobium chrysotoxum in example 9 is about 13%.

Therefore, the disinfectant directly prepared under the formula of the invention can achieve better prevention and treatment effects, but still has about 20% of morbidity, and the prevention and treatment effects of the disinfectant obtained by combining with a specific preparation method can be comparable to those of chemical agents.

Example 10

Based on the method for controlling diseases in the dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process in any one of embodiments 4 to 6, the dandelion, polygonatum kingianum and aeroponica are washed and immersed in a glacial acetic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 3 to 5%, preferably 4%, for 6 to 8 hours, preferably 7 hours, in step S1. The mass of the glacial acetic acid aqueous solution is 2-2.3 times, preferably 2.2 times of the total mass of dandelion, polygonatum kingianum and aeroponics.

After the dandelion, polygonatum kingianum and aircraft grass are treated by the method before being crushed, the effect of the final disinfectant can be obviously improved, and after the field planting experiment, the disinfectant can further reduce the disease and insect pest incidence of dendrobium chrysotoxum to about 3 percent after the ingredients are treated by the method.

Example 11

Based on the method for preventing and treating diseases in the dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process in any embodiment of 4-6, the first crushing is carried out in step S2, and the temperature of materials in the crushing device is controlled not to exceed 40 ℃ in the stirring process.

And S4, crushing for the second time, wherein the temperature of the materials in the crushing device is controlled not to exceed 60 ℃ in the stirring process.

The applicant researches that when the temperature of the materials is not controlled in the stirring process, the temperature of the first crushed materials exceeds 40 ℃ or the temperature of the second crushed materials exceeds 60 ℃, the effect of the final sterilized water is seriously influenced. Taking the continuous crushing time without temperature control as an example, the maximum temperature of the material reaches 60 ℃ during the first crushing, the maximum temperature of the material reaches 70 ℃ during the second crushing, and finally, the disinfectant is used in the field planting process, so that the disease and insect pest incidence rate of dendrobium chrysotoxum fluctuates between 18 and 33 percent, and the effect is extremely unstable.

Example 12

Based on the disease control method in the dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process in any embodiment of embodiments 4 to 6, the filtering process in step S5 is: firstly, heating the third crushed mixed solution to 50-55 ℃ at normal temperature and normal pressure, and maintaining the temperature for 10-15 minutes. Then the hot third crushed mixed liquid passes through a 50-mesh screen, an 80-mesh screen and a 120-mesh screen in turn, and the filtrate part is the liquid phase part. The method can obtain a relatively clear disinfectant.

Example 13

Based on the method for controlling diseases in the dendrobium chrysotoxum planting process in any one of embodiments 4-6, after the filtration treatment in step S5, the filter residue part is taken and put into a crushing device, and after the filter residue part is crushed to 320 meshes, the filtrate part is added and fully mixed uniformly, so as to obtain the liquid phase part. The disinfectant prepared by the method has more obvious effect on directly killing plant diseases and insect pests, and can be used as a control agent during disease attack.

The morbidity of the invention is obtained by a statistical method, namely the ratio of the number of plants with morbidity in the planting period to the total number of plants in the test field is used as the morbidity of the invention.

It is to be noted and understood that various modifications and improvements can be made to the invention described in detail above without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. Accordingly, the scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited by any of the specific exemplary teachings provided.