阅读说明：本技术 一种离子液体添加剂强化秸秆联合堆肥的方法 (Method for strengthening straw combined composting by ionic liquid additive ) 是由 邓芸 马欢欢 王星星 季蒙蒙 阮文权 于 2021-09-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种离子液体添加剂强化秸秆联合堆肥的方法,属于固废处理技术领域。本发明方法以秸秆为主体,联合餐厨废弃物和牛粪进行联合堆肥,并通过添加少量离子液体作为外源添加剂提高腐殖质含量和稳定性,提升堆肥品质,主要体现在刺激微生物活性,提高与木质纤维素降解相关的酶活性、木质纤维素降解相关的微生物群落的特异性和丰度,从而促进木质纤维素降解,并加速腐殖化进程,提升了堆肥产品中腐殖质含量和稳定性。此外,外源添加剂降低了堆体的pH和脲酶活性,从而减少了氮损失,提高了堆肥产品的营养元素氮的含量,减少了堆肥的臭气产生和二次环境污染,产品的总养分含量达到《有机肥料》农业行业标准(NY525-2012),无需额外添加其它无机肥。(The invention discloses a method for strengthening straw combined composting by using an ionic liquid additive, and belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the straw is taken as a main body, the kitchen waste and the cow dung are combined for combined composting, a small amount of ionic liquid is added as an exogenous additive to improve the content and stability of humus and improve the quality of the compost, and the method is mainly embodied in that the activity of microorganisms is stimulated, the activity of enzymes related to lignocellulose degradation and the specificity and abundance of microbial communities related to the lignocellulose degradation are improved, so that the lignocellulose degradation is promoted, the humification process is accelerated, and the content and stability of humus in compost products are improved. In addition, the exogenous additive reduces the pH value and urease activity of the compost, thereby reducing nitrogen loss, improving the content of nutrient element nitrogen of compost products, reducing odor generation and secondary environmental pollution of the compost, enabling the total nutrient content of the products to reach the agricultural industry standard of organic fertilizer (NY525-2012), and not needing to additionally add other inorganic fertilizers.)

1. A method for strengthening straw combined compost is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) crushing straws, and then mixing the straws with kitchen waste and cow dung to obtain a stack;

(2) then adding ionic liquid serving as an exogenous additive into the stack, and adding water to adjust the water content;

(3) fermenting at room temperature to obtain organic fertilizer.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of the straw to the kitchen waste to the cow dung is 8: (1-4): (1-8).

3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the stack is controlled to be 20-25.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass fraction of the ionic liquid relative to the pack is 0.5% to 1%.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the ionic liquid is carboxymethyl ammonium chloride.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the water content is 60% to 70%.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the fermentation time is 30 days.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in step (1), the straw is pulverized to 5cm or less.

9. An organic fertilizer produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for the treatment of solid waste.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for strengthening straw combined compost by using an ionic liquid additive, and belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment.

Background

Under the severe situation that the quality of cultivated land generally declines in China, the development and popularization of organic fertilizers become a basic national policy of agricultural production in China, but the production capacity of the organic fertilizers in China is far from meeting the requirements at home and abroad. More than 7 hundred million tons of lignocellulose are produced annually all over the world, provide a rich source of biomass raw materials and cause great pressure on the environment.

The main component of the straw is lignocellulose, and the straw is a three-dimensional structure consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Because lignin is wrapped outside cellulose and hemicellulose, a complex cross-linking structure makes microorganisms and enzymes secreted by the microorganisms difficult to enter the straw, so that degradation is difficult, and secondly, a structure with high crystallinity of the cellulose is not beneficial to degradation, so that the humification degree is low finally, the straw is difficult to be used as a main raw material for composting, and only a small amount of the lignin is added into the compost as an additive. At present, the nutrient content of a plurality of organic fertilizers is difficult to reach the agricultural industry standard (NY525-2012) of organic fertilizers, so that a plurality of organic fertilizer products can meet the standard and can be sold only by adding inorganic fertilizers such as ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and the like to increase the N, P content, and the environment pollution is caused by the release of ammonia gas in the adding process. In addition, reducing nitrogen loss during composting is an important research content for reducing secondary environmental pollution of composting, reducing odor generation and improving the quality of composting.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for strengthening and efficiently using straw compost, which takes straw as a main raw material to combine kitchen waste and cow dung for combined compost, and on the basis, a small amount of ionic liquid is added as an external additive, so that the microbial activity can be stimulated, the enzyme activity related to lignocellulose degradation is improved, the specificity and the abundance of a microbial community related to lignocellulose degradation are improved, the lignocellulose degradation is promoted, the humification process is accelerated, and the content and the stability of humus in compost products are improved. In addition, the exogenous additive reduces the pH value and urease activity of the compost, thereby reducing nitrogen loss, improving the content of nutrient element nitrogen of compost products, and reducing odor generation and secondary environmental pollution of the compost. The total nutrient content of the product reaches the agricultural industry standard of organic fertilizer (NY525-2012), and no other inorganic fertilizer is required to be additionally added.

The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for strengthening straw combined compost, which comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing straws, and then mixing the straws with kitchen waste and cow dung to obtain a stack;

(2) then adding ionic liquid serving as an exogenous additive into the pile body, and adding water to adjust the water content to be 60-70%;

(3) fermenting at room temperature to obtain organic fertilizer.

In one embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the straw to the kitchen waste to the cow dung is 8: (1-4): (1-8). The concrete options are 8:1:1 or 4:2:1 or 4: 1: 4.

in one embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the stack is controlled to be 20-25; preferably 25.

In one embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), the straws are crushed to be less than 5 cm; preferably 2 cm.

In one embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the ionic liquid is carboxymethyl ammonium chloride [ Gly ]][Cl]The structure is as follows:

in one embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the mass fraction of the ionic liquid with respect to the stack is 0.5% to 1%. Preferably 1%.

In one embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), water is added to adjust the water content to about 60%.

In one embodiment of the present invention, in step (3), the fermentation time is 30 days.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the method specifically includes the following steps:

(1) crushing the straws to less than 5 cm; then according to the mass ratio of straw, kitchen waste and cow dung to be 8:1:1 or 4:2:1 or 4: 1: 4, uniformly mixing in equal proportion, and adjusting the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 20-25;

(2) adding [ Gly ] [ Cl ] with the mass of 0.5% -1% of the pile body, and adding water to adjust the water content to 60% -70%;

(3) and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 30 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.

In one embodiment of the invention, the ionic liquid is used as an additive to promote the degradation of lignocellulose, accelerate the humification process and improve the content and stability of the humins in the compost product by stimulating the activity of microorganisms, improving the activity of enzymes related to the degradation of lignocellulose and improving the specificity and abundance of microbial communities related to the degradation of lignocellulose. In addition, the exogenous additive reduces the pH value and urease activity of the compost, thereby reducing nitrogen loss, improving the content of nutrient element nitrogen of compost products, and reducing odor generation and secondary environmental pollution of the compost.

The invention also provides an organic fertilizer based on the preparation method.

The invention also provides application of the method in solid waste treatment.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the total nutrient (namely nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and humus content of the compost product are improved, and the stability of the compost is improved.

2. The additive amount of the selected exogenous additive [ Gly ] [ Cl ] is less than or equal to 1 wt%, and the cost is low.

3. Reduces the nitrogen loss in the composting process and reduces the odor generation and the secondary environmental pollution of the composting.

4. The total nutrient content of the product reaches the agricultural industry standard of organic fertilizer (NY525-2012), and no other inorganic fertilizer is required to be additionally added.

Detailed Description

The following related terms mean the specification:

maximum temperature: the temperature of the maximum temperature of the compost in the 30-day composting process

Degradation rate (wt) of lignocellulose.％)：Wherein the lignocellulose is determined using the van der Waals fiber wash method.

Total nutrients (wt.%): the sum of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the compost is determined by the method according to agricultural industry standard NY525-2012 of organic fertilizer.

Humus (g/kg): the organic matter is a complex and stable macromolecular organic compound formed by the action of microorganisms, and the determination method refers to the research on humification process of biogas residue, kitchen waste and cow dung combined compost.

TN (wt.%): the total nitrogen content of the compost is determined by the method according to agricultural industry standard of organic fertilizer (NY 525-2012).

The physicochemical properties of the starting materials referred to in the following examples are as follows:

example 1

(1) Crushing straws to be less than 2cm, picking out sundries such as napkin paper, plastics and the like in kitchen waste, and kneading and uniformly mixing cow dung; uniformly mixing the straws, the kitchen waste and the cow dung in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, and adjusting an initial carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 25 to obtain a stack;

(2) respectively putting 5kg of piles into 3 foam boxes of 4.1 multiplied by 2.75 multiplied by 1.9L, correspondingly adding [ Gly ] [ Cl ] accounting for 1% of the mass of the piles, then adding water to adjust the water content to 60%, and uniformly mixing;

(3) fermenting at room temperature for 30 days to obtain organic fertilizer.

And (4) measuring the test data of the highest temperature, the degradation rate of lignocellulose, total nutrients and humus, and averaging. The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 results of organic fertilizer obtained by intensified rice straw combined composting (0.28-2.24)

This example is the best result when the conditions are straw crushed to below 2cm, initial C/N of 25, moisture content of 60%, 1% [ Gly ] [ Cl ] additive.

Example 2

(1) Crushing straws to be less than 2cm, picking out sundries such as napkin paper, plastics and the like in kitchen waste, and kneading and uniformly mixing cow dung; uniformly mixing the straws, the kitchen waste and the cow dung in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, and adjusting an initial carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 25 to obtain a stack;

(2) respectively putting 5kg of the pile into 3 foam boxes with the mass of 4.1 multiplied by 2.75 multiplied by 1.9L, adding [ Gly ] [ Cl ] with the mass of 0.5 percent of the pile, adding water to adjust the water content to 60 percent, and uniformly mixing;

(3) fermenting at room temperature for 30 days to obtain organic fertilizer.

The test data of the highest temperature, the degradation rate of lignocellulose, total nutrients and humus are measured and averaged. The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 results of organic fertilizer obtained by intensified rice straw combined composting (0.24-2.29)

Comparative example 1

(1) Crushing straws to be less than 2cm, picking out sundries such as napkin paper, plastics and the like in kitchen waste, and kneading and uniformly mixing cow dung; uniformly mixing the straws, the kitchen waste and the cow dung in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, and adjusting an initial carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 25 to obtain a stack;

(2) respectively putting 5kg of the pile body into 3 foam boxes with the volume of 4.1 multiplied by 2.75 multiplied by 1.9L, and adding water to adjust the water content to 60%;

(3) fermenting at room temperature for 30 days to obtain organic fertilizer.

And (4) measuring the test data of the highest temperature, the degradation rate of lignocellulose, total nutrients and humus, and averaging. The results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 results of organic fertilizer obtained by intensified rice straw combined composting (sigma 0.31-2.26)

Comparative example 2

(1) Crushing straws to be less than 2cm, picking out sundries such as napkin paper, plastics and the like in kitchen waste, and kneading and uniformly mixing cow dung; uniformly mixing the straws, the kitchen waste and the cow dung according to the mass ratio of 4:2:1, and adjusting the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 23 to obtain a stack;

(2) respectively putting 5kg of the pile body into 3 foam boxes with the volume of 4.1 multiplied by 2.75 multiplied by 1.9L, and adding water to adjust the water content to 60%;

(3) fermenting at room temperature for 30 days to obtain organic fertilizer.

The test data of the highest temperature, the degradation rate of lignocellulose, total nutrients and humus are measured and averaged. The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 results of organic fertilizer obtained by intensified rice straw combined composting (σ ═ 0.35-2.23)

Comparative example 3

(1) Crushing straws to be less than 2cm, picking out sundries such as napkin paper, plastics and the like in kitchen waste, and kneading and uniformly mixing cow dung; uniformly mixing the straws, the kitchen waste and the cow dung in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, and adjusting an initial carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 25 to obtain a stack;

(2) respectively putting 5kg of the pile body into 3 foam boxes with the volume of 4.1 multiplied by 2.75 multiplied by 1.9L, and adding water to adjust the water content to 70%;

(3) fermentation was started at room temperature for 30 days.

The test data of the highest temperature, the degradation rate of lignocellulose, total nutrients and humus are measured and averaged. The results are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 results of organic fertilizer obtained by intensified rice straw combined composting (sigma 0.35-2.22)

Comparative example 4

Referring to example 1, the ionic liquid in step (3) was replaced by [ Gly ] [ Cl ] with other ionic liquids as shown in table 6, the others being unchanged:

(1) crushing straws to be less than 2cm, picking out sundries such as napkin paper, plastics and the like in kitchen waste, and kneading and uniformly mixing cow dung; uniformly mixing the straws, the kitchen waste and the cow dung in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, and adjusting an initial carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 25 to obtain a stack;

(2) respectively putting 5kg of piles into 3 foam boxes of 4.1 × 2.75 × 1.9L, correspondingly adding ionic liquid accounting for 1% of the piles by mass, then adding water to adjust the water content to 60%, and uniformly mixing;

(3) fermenting at room temperature for 30 days to obtain organic fertilizer.

And (4) measuring the test data of the highest temperature, the degradation rate of lignocellulose, total nutrients and humus, and averaging. The results are shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6 results of organic fertilizer obtained by intensified rice straw combined composting (0.28-2.24)

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.