阅读说明：本技术 一种保护装置、装药结构及装药方法 (Protection device, charging structure and charging method ) 是由 王雁冰 彭喆 杨仁树 廖崇超 张航 于冰冰 陈剑雷 于 2021-07-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种保护装置、装药结构及装药方法,涉及岩石爆破技术领域,包括第一保护结构和第二保护结构,第一保护结构用于朝向第一阶段炸药设置,第二保护结构用于朝向第二阶段炸药设置,第一保护结构和第二保护结构之间设置有炮泥,第一保护结构包括第一吸震结构,第二保护结构包括第二吸震结构,第一吸震结构和第二吸震结构用于吸收第一阶段炸药爆破产生的冲击。第一阶段炸药爆炸产生的冲击波直接作用于第一吸震结构,第一吸震结构吸收冲击波并减少冲击波对炮孔方向的作用力,第二吸震结构吸收第一吸震结构未吸收的冲击波,第一吸震结构和第二吸震结构共同作用,降低对第二阶段炸药以及封堵炮泥的影响,确保第二阶段炸药的爆破能够顺利进行。(The invention discloses a protection device, a charging structure and a charging method, and relates to the technical field of rock blasting. The shock wave direct action that first stage explosive explosion produced is in first shock-absorbing structure, and first shock-absorbing structure absorbs the shock wave and reduces the effort of shock wave to the big gun hole direction, and the second is inhaled and is shaken the shock wave that the structure absorbed first shock-absorbing structure not, and first shock-absorbing structure and second are inhaled and shake the structure combined action, reduce the influence to second stage explosive and shutoff stemming, ensure that the blasting of second stage explosive can go on smoothly.)

1. A protective device, characterized by: including first protection architecture and second protection architecture, first protection architecture is used for setting up towards first stage explosive, the second protection architecture is used for setting up towards second stage explosive, first protection architecture with be provided with the stemming between the second protection architecture, first protection architecture includes first shock absorption structure, the second protection architecture includes the second and inhales the shock absorption structure, first shock absorption structure with the second is inhaled the shock absorption structure and is used for absorbing the impact that first stage explosive blasting produced.

2. The protection device of claim 1, wherein: the first protection structure further comprises four supporting legs, one end of each supporting leg is hinged to the first shock absorption structure, and the other end of each supporting leg is used for being supported on the inner wall of the blast hole.

3. The protection device of claim 2, wherein: the first shock absorption structure is a first shell, the cross section of the first shell is arc-shaped, the size of the outer wall of the first shell is matched with the size of a blast hole, the inner wall of the first shell faces towards the first-stage explosive, an annular notch is formed in the inner wall of the first shell, and each supporting leg is hinged to a hinged seat on the outer wall of the first shell.

4. The protection device of claim 1, wherein: the second protection architecture still includes connection voussoir, first ring and second ring, first ring sets up the inboard of second ring, the connection voussoir is connected the second shakes the one end of inhaling the structure, just the connection voussoir is located first ring with between the second ring.

5. The protection device of claim 4, wherein: the taper of the inner wall of the connecting wedge block is the same as that of the outer wall of the first circular ring, and the taper of the outer wall of the connecting wedge block is the same as that of the inner wall of the second circular ring; the outer diameter of the second circular ring is matched with the size of the blast hole.

6. The protection device of claim 1, wherein: the second shock absorption structure is a second shell, the cross section of the second shell is arc-shaped, and the inner wall of the second shell faces the second-stage explosive.

7. The protection device of claim 6, wherein: the second shell comprises a first flexible layer, a rigid layer and a second flexible layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.

8. The protection device of claim 1, wherein: the stemming is a high water absorption polymer.

9. A charge configuration, characterized by: the blasting cap comprises a first-stage explosive, a protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, a second-stage explosive and plugging stemming which are sequentially arranged in a blast hole from inside to outside, wherein the first-stage explosive and the second-stage explosive are both connected with an initiating detonator, and the first-stage explosive and the second-stage explosive realize differential initiation through the initiating detonator.

10. A method of charging a charge structure according to claim 9, characterised in that: the method comprises the following steps:

step one, filling a second-stage explosive filled with a detonating primer into a blast hole, filling a second protection structure into the blast hole, supporting a second shell by using a support rod, and drawing a second ring outwards through a rope to ensure that the second protection structure is attached to the inner wall of the blast hole;

step two, stemming is stuffed into the shell, so that the stemming is attached to the outer wall of the second shell;

step three, inserting a first protection structure into the blast hole, and attaching each support leg to the inner wall of the blast hole;

and step four, filling the explosive of the first stage into the blast hole, filling plugging stemming to plug the blast hole, and completing explosive charging.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rock blasting, in particular to a protection device, a charging structure and a charging method.

Background

The sectional type cut blasting technology is to divide a cut hole into two sections (two sections) for detonation, divide a blast hole in the cut hole into two sections, charge the explosive in front and back sections, separate two sections of explosive by using stemming, and perform differential detonation by using two sections of detonators at the front end and the back end. However, in practical application, the sectional type cut blasting is divided into two stages, the two stages are detonated successively, the second stage is impacted by the blast shock wave caused by the first detonation in the first stage, and the second stage is possibly damaged, so that the second stage detonation is influenced. Therefore, it is highly desirable to design a shock-absorbing protection device to make the second stage of blasting smoothly.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a protection device, a charging structure and a charging method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, avoiding the impact wave generated by the explosion of a first-stage explosive from influencing a second-stage explosive and ensuring the smooth blasting of the second-stage explosive.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the invention provides a protection device which comprises a first protection structure and a second protection structure, wherein the first protection structure is arranged towards a first-stage explosive, the second protection structure is arranged towards a second-stage explosive, stemming is arranged between the first protection structure and the second protection structure, the first protection structure comprises a first shock absorption structure, the second protection structure comprises a second shock absorption structure, and the first shock absorption structure and the second shock absorption structure are used for absorbing impact generated by the first-stage explosive blasting.

Preferably, the first protection structure further comprises four supporting legs, one end of each supporting leg is hinged to the first shock absorption structure, and the other end of each supporting leg is used for being supported on the inner wall of the blast hole.

Preferably, the first shock absorption structure is a first shell, the cross section of the first shell is arc-shaped, the size of the outer wall of the first shell is matched with the size of a blast hole, the inner wall of the first shell faces the first-stage explosive, the inner wall of the first shell is provided with a circumferential notch, and each support leg is hinged to a hinge seat on the outer wall of the first shell.

Preferably, the second protection structure further comprises a connection wedge, a first ring and a second ring, the first ring is disposed inside the second ring, the connection wedge is connected at one end of the second shock-absorbing structure, and the connection wedge is located between the first ring and the second ring.

Preferably, the taper of the inner wall of the connecting wedge is the same as that of the outer wall of the first circular ring, and the taper of the outer wall of the connecting wedge is the same as that of the inner wall of the second circular ring; the outer diameter of the second circular ring is matched with the size of the blast hole.

Preferably, the second shock absorbing structure is a second shell, the cross section of the second shell is arc-shaped, and the inner wall of the second shell faces the second stage explosive.

Preferably, the second shell comprises a first flexible layer, a rigid layer and a second flexible layer which are arranged in sequence from inside to outside.

Preferably, the stemming is a super absorbent polymer.

The invention also provides a charging structure which comprises the first-stage explosive, the protection device, the second-stage explosive and the plugging stemming which are sequentially arranged in the blast hole from inside to outside, wherein the first-stage explosive and the second-stage explosive are both connected with the initiation detonator, and the first-stage explosive and the second-stage explosive realize the differential initiation through the initiation detonator.

The invention also provides a charging method of the charging structure, which comprises the following steps:

step one, stuffing a second-stage explosive filled with a detonating primer into a blast hole, stuffing a second protection structure into the blast hole, supporting a second shell by using a support rod, and drawing a second ring outwards through a rope to ensure that the second protection structure is attached to the inner wall of the blast hole;

step two, stemming is stuffed into the shell, so that the stemming is attached to the outer wall of the second shell;

step three, inserting a first protection structure into the blast hole, and attaching each support leg to the inner wall of the blast hole;

and step four, filling the explosive of the first stage into the blast hole, filling plugging stemming to plug the blast hole, and completing explosive charging.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

the sectional type cut blasting is completed by firstly detonating the first stage explosive and then detonating the second stage explosive. Produce the shock wave when first stage explosive explosion, the shock wave direct action is in first shock-absorbing structure, and first shock-absorbing structure absorbs the shock wave, and then has reduced the effort of explosion shock wave to the big gun hole direction, and the second is inhaled and is shaken the shock wave that the structure absorbed first shock-absorbing structure not, and first shock-absorbing structure and second are inhaled and shake the structure combined action, reduce the influence to second stage explosive and shutoff stemming, ensure that the blasting of second stage explosive can go on smoothly.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first protection structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of a first shock absorbing structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the support leg of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second protection structure of the present invention;

figure 5 is a schematic view of a secondary shock absorbing structure and connecting wedges according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top view of a first ring of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a top view of a second ring of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the rigid layer of the present invention reflecting an impact;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the charge configuration of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a diagram of a numerical simulation model without a second protection structure;

FIG. 11 is a diagram of a numerical simulation model with a second protection architecture;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a stress plot without the second protective structure;

FIG. 14 is a stress cloud without a second protective structure;

FIG. 15 is a stress plot with a second protective structure;

FIG. 16 is a stress cloud with a second protective structure;

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a method of charging the present invention;

wherein: 100-charge structure, 1-first protection structure, 2-second protection structure, 3-first stage explosive, 4-second stage explosive, 5-stemming, 6-first shock absorption structure, 7-second shock absorption structure, 8-supporting leg, 9-blast hole wall, 10-notch, 11-hinged seat, 12-connecting wedge block, 13-first circular ring, 14-second circular ring, 15-first flexible layer, 16-rigid layer, 17-second flexible layer, 18-initiation detonator, 19-support rod, 20-rope and 21-blocking stemming.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.

The invention aims to provide a protection device, a charging structure and a charging method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, avoiding the impact wave generated by the explosion of a first-stage explosive from influencing a second-stage explosive and ensuring the smooth blasting of the second-stage explosive.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1-8: the embodiment provides a protection device, including first protection architecture 1 and second protection architecture 2, first protection architecture 1 is used for setting up towards first stage explosive 3, second protection architecture 2 is used for setting up towards second stage explosive 4, be provided with stemming 5 between first protection architecture 1 and the second protection architecture 2, first protection architecture 1 includes first shock-absorbing structure 6, second protection architecture 2 includes that the second shakes structure 7, first shock-absorbing structure 6 and second shake structure 7 and be used for absorbing the impact that first stage explosive 3 blasting produced. The sectional type cut blasting is completed by detonating the first stage explosive 3 first and then detonating the second stage explosive 4. Shock wave is produced when 3 explosions of first stage explosive, and shock wave direct action is in first shock-absorbing structure 6, and first shock-absorbing structure 6 absorbs shock wave, and then has reduced the effort of explosion shock wave to the big gun hole direction, and second shock-absorbing structure 7 absorbs the first shock-absorbing structure 6 unabsorbed shock wave, and first shock-absorbing structure 6 and second shock-absorbing structure 7 combined action reduce the influence to second stage explosive 4 and shutoff stemming 20, ensure that the blasting of second stage explosive 4 can go on smoothly.

In this embodiment, the first protection structure 1 further includes four support legs 8, one end of each support leg 8 is hinged to the first shock absorbing structure 6, and the other end of each support leg 8 is used for supporting on the inner wall of the blast hole.

In this embodiment, first shock-absorbing structure 6 is first casing, and the cross-section of first casing is the arc, and the first casing of this embodiment is hemispherical shell, and the size of the outer wall of first casing matches with the size of big gun hole, and the inner wall of first casing sets up towards first stage explosive 3, and the inner wall of first casing is provided with hoop breach 10, and each supporting leg 8 all is articulated with articulated seat 11 on the first casing outer wall.

In this embodiment, the second protection structure 2 further comprises a connecting wedge 12, a first ring 13 and a second ring 14, the first ring 13 being disposed inside the second ring 14, the connecting wedge 12 being connected at one end of the second shock absorbing structure 7, and the connecting wedge 12 being located between the first ring 13 and the second ring 14.

In this embodiment, the taper of the inner wall of the connecting wedge 12 is the same as the taper of the outer wall of the first ring 13, and the taper of the outer wall of the connecting wedge 12 is the same as the taper of the inner wall of the second ring 14; the outer diameter of the second ring 14 is matched with the size of the blast hole and can be just matched with the inside of the blast hole, and the outer diameter of the first ring 13 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the blast hole.

The first ring 13 and the second ring 14 are two rings with different diameters, the sizes of the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the first ring 13 and the second ring 14 are different, the cross sections of the first ring 13 and the second ring 14 are both trapezoidal, and the hatched parts in fig. 6 and 7 are the upper bottom of the first ring 13 and the upper bottom of the second ring 14 respectively. The first ring 13 is made of plastic, and the second ring 14 is made of rubber.

In this embodiment, the second shock absorbing structure 7 is a second shell, the cross section of the second shell is arc-shaped, the second shell of this embodiment is a hemispherical shell, and the inner wall of the second shell is disposed toward the second stage explosive 4.

In this embodiment, the second housing comprises a first flexible layer 15, a rigid layer 16 and a second flexible layer 17 arranged in this order from the inside to the outside. The first flexible layer 15 and the second flexible layer 17 are made of sponge materials or foam materials, so that energy transmitted by the first-stage explosive 3 can be fully absorbed and reflected, and a buffering effect is achieved. The rigid layer 16 is made of steel, so that impact can be resisted, and the second protection structure 2 is prevented from being deformed greatly.

In this embodiment, the stemming 5 is a super absorbent polymer, and can absorb moisture to expand when an explosion occurs, thereby better blocking the blast hole.

The sectional type channeling blasting is completed by firstly detonating the first-stage explosive 3 and then detonating the second-stage explosive 4. Produce the shock wave when 3 explosions of first stage explosive, shock wave direct action is in first shock-absorbing structure 6, because the inner wall of first shock-absorbing structure 6 is provided with breach 10, can assemble the produced impact of 3 explosions of first stage explosive in breach 10 department, with most energy from breach 10 dissipation and then reduced the effort of explosion shock wave to the big gun hole direction, reduce the influence to second stage explosive 4 and shutoff stemming 20.

When the blast shock wave acted on the big gun hole direction, the impact that first shock-absorbing structure 6 received was given supporting leg 8 for, and supporting leg 8 atress effect makes four supporting legs 8 and the inseparable laminating of big gun hole inner wall to removing slightly in the big gun hole, and increase frictional resistance prevents that stemming 5 and first protection architecture 1 are whole to backward extrusion and move.

The second flexible layer 17 of the second shock absorption structure 7 has good compressibility and is used for absorbing shock waves transmitted by the explosion of the explosive 3 in the first stage to play a role in buffering, and the rigid layer 16 reflects and bears the shock which cannot be absorbed by the second flexible layer 17; according to the transflective effect of the stress wave in different media, the transflective coefficient is determined by the wave impedance ratio n of different media, when the shock wave is transmitted into the first flexible layer 15 from the rigid layer 16, n is greater than 1, the reflective coefficient and the transmissive coefficient have different signs, and the transmissive stress is smaller than the reflective stress, so that the effect of better reflecting the stress wave is achieved, the shock effect is reduced, and the first flexible layer 15 and the second flexible layer 17 mainly play a role in buffering. As shown in fig. 8, since the second shock absorbing structure 7 is a hemispherical shell, the surface of the second shock absorbing structure is a spherical surface, a strong reflecting surface can be formed, the angle of shock wave reflection can be changed, the reflection of the shock wave to the second stage explosive 4 can be reduced, and the second shock absorbing structure 7 can be used to make the reflected wave act on the rock wall in a modified manner, so that the blasting effect can be improved.

Receive the impact to remove in the big gun hole when the first shock-absorbing structure 6 of second protection architecture 2, connect voussoir 12 extrusion first ring 13, second ring 14, because the width of connecting voussoir 12 is constantly increasing, can increase first ring 13 when connecting voussoir 12 and removing in the big gun hole, the space between second ring 14, first ring 13 adopts the plastics material can resist deformation and makes pressure to the transmission of second ring 14, second ring 14 adopts the rubber material, the compressibility is good, take place deformation after the pressurized and make second ring 14 closely laminate with big gun hole pore wall 9, thereby increase and the hole wall between frictional force play the fixed action.

Example two

As shown in fig. 9: the embodiment provides a charging structure 100, which comprises a first-stage explosive 3, a protection device of the first embodiment, a second-stage explosive 4 and a sealing stemming 20, wherein the first-stage explosive 3, the protection device of the first embodiment, the second-stage explosive 4 and the sealing stemming 20 are sequentially arranged in a blast hole from inside to outside, the first-stage explosive 3 and the second-stage explosive 4 are both connected with an initiation detonator 18, and the first-stage explosive 3 and the second-stage explosive 4 realize differential initiation through the initiation detonator 18.

Application case

The depth of a blast hole is 2.7m, the diameter of the blast hole is 40mm, the length of the plugging stemming 20 is 0.5m-1.0m, and the charging lengths of the first-stage explosive 3 and the second-stage explosive 4 are 0.3-0.5 m; the diameter of the first shock absorption structure 6 is 40mm, the thickness of the first shock absorption structure is 4mm, the included angle between the notch 10 and the horizontal line is about 20-30 degrees, and the length of the support leg 8 is 30 mm; the inner diameter of the second ring 14 is 40mm, the outer diameter of the first ring 13 is 35mm, and the thicknesses of the first flexible layer 15, the rigid layer 16 and the second flexible layer 17 are all 2 mm.

As in fig. 10-12, the green areas are rocks; the pink area is stemming 5; the blue region is PENT explosive (second stage explosive 4); the yellow area is a second shock absorption structure 7 made of steel; the red area is the detection area.

As shown in fig. 13 and fig. 15, the stress graphs in the two cases show that the maximum stress value reaches 160Kpa without the second protection structure 2, and reaches 60Kpa with the second protection structure 2, so that the stress peak value is reduced by 65%; the mean stress value is about 120kpa without the second protection structure 2, and 35kpa with the second protection structure 2, so that the mean stress value is reduced by about 75%; as can be seen from the stress cloud diagrams of fig. 14 and 16, the installation of the second protective structure 2 enables the first stage explosive 3 to explode better at the first stage, reducing the effect on the second stage explosive 4. Therefore, the second protection structure 2 can better protect the detonating primer 18 in the second-stage explosive 4, so that the blasting of the second-stage explosive 4 can be smoothly carried out.

EXAMPLE III

As shown in fig. 17: the present embodiment provides a charging method of the charging structure 100 of the second embodiment, including the following steps:

step one, stuffing a second-stage explosive 4 provided with an initiating detonator 18 into a blast hole, stuffing a second protection structure 2 into the blast hole, inserting a second shock absorption structure 7 into a gap between a first circular ring 13 and a second circular ring 14 through a connecting wedge block 12, forming an integral body with the first circular ring 13 and the second circular ring 14, supporting a second shell by using a support rod 19, and drawing the second circular ring 14 outwards through a rope 20 to ensure that the second protection structure 2 is attached to the inner wall of the blast hole;

step two, stuffing the stemming 5 to ensure that the stemming 5 is attached to the outer wall of the second shell to finish the charging of the second-stage explosive 4;

step three, the first protection structure 1 is plugged into the blast hole, and each support leg 8 is attached to the inner wall of the blast hole to play a supporting role;

and step four, stuffing the first-stage explosive 3 into the shallow-step blast hole, and filling the plugging stemming 20 to plug the blast hole to finish charging.

The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed according to the idea of the present invention. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.