阅读说明：本技术 一种电磁炮轨道轴向温度梯度分布的营造及实测方法 (Method for constructing and actually measuring axial temperature gradient distribution of electromagnetic gun track ) 是由 农奥兵 马洪亭 马硕 黄达伟 颜聪 于 2021-10-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种电磁炮轨道轴向温度梯度分布的营造及实测方法,属于电磁轨道炮技术领域。本发明以解析计算和公开文献数据为基础将电磁轨道分为高温段、中温段和低温段,在无实际导弹发射的情况下,通过三组不等距且功率可调节的加热管对电磁轨道加热营造电磁轨道炮发射后的轨道温度分布。本发明在电磁轨道上设置测温点,测温点从轨道外侧延伸至距枢轨接触侧1～2mm处,热电偶与数据采集仪相连获得测温点实时温度,便于实验人员调节加热管数量和加热功率实现多种工况下电磁轨道温度分布,创新性解决了电磁轨道炮实际发射复杂而导致电磁轨道炮热管理实验研究难以开展的问题。(The invention relates to a method for constructing and actually measuring axial temperature gradient distribution of an electromagnetic gun rail, belonging to the technical field of electromagnetic rail guns. The invention divides the electromagnetic track into a high temperature section, a middle temperature section and a low temperature section based on analytic calculation and published literature data, and heats the electromagnetic track through three groups of heating pipes with unequal intervals and adjustable power to build the track temperature distribution after the electromagnetic track cannon launches under the condition of no actual missile launching. According to the invention, the temperature measuring point is arranged on the electromagnetic rail, the temperature measuring point extends to a position 1-2 mm away from the contact side of the pivot rail from the outer side of the rail, the thermocouple is connected with the data acquisition instrument to obtain the real-time temperature of the temperature measuring point, so that experimenters can adjust the number of heating pipes and the heating power to realize the temperature distribution of the electromagnetic rail under various working conditions, and the problem that the thermal management experiment research of the electromagnetic rail cannon is difficult to develop due to the fact that the actual emission of the electromagnetic rail cannon is complex is innovatively solved.)

1. A method for creating and actually measuring the axial temperature gradient distribution of an electromagnetic gun track comprises devices such as an electromagnetic track, a heating pipe and the like, and a related temperature testing method and a related temperature control method.

2. The electromagnetic rail according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic rail is a convex rail, the contact side of the pivot rail, that is, the contact side of the heating tube and the copper rail, is provided with a square protrusion, and the width of the protrusion is equal to the width of the armature.

3. The heating tube of claim 1, wherein the heating tubes are arranged in three groups of non-equidistant heating tubes, and the number and power of each group of heating tubes are adjustable. The heating pipe is arranged below the pivot rail contact surface of the electromagnetic rail and corresponds to the high-temperature section, the medium-temperature section and the low-temperature section of the electromagnetic rail. The length of the heating pipe is larger than the height of the pivot rail contact surface of the electromagnetic rail.

4. The temperature test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) adopting contact temperature measurement, and arranging a temperature measurement point from the outer side of the electromagnetic track to the contact side hole of the pivot rail, wherein the diameter of the temperature measurement point is 0.1-1 mm, and the depth of the temperature measurement point extends from the outer side of the electromagnetic track to a distance of 1-2 mm from the contact surface of the pivot rail of the electromagnetic track.

5. The temperature control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heating system is provided with a PLC automatic control system, the temperature measuring point and the control system are connected through a thermocouple, and when the temperature of the temperature measuring point reaches a preset temperature, the heating of the heating pipe is stopped. In the whole heating process, an experimenter can manually adjust the opening number and the heating power of the heating pipes.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic rail guns, in particular to a method for constructing and actually measuring axial temperature gradient distribution of an electromagnetic gun rail.

Background

The electromagnetic rail gun is an advanced kinetic energy weapon made by using electromagnetic emission technology, and its emission principle is that it uses electromagnetic rail and conductive armature to form discharge circuit, and uses high-power pulse power supply to produce pulse strong current, and the strong current produces strong magnetic field, and the armature carrying the projectile is pushed by Lorentz force under the action of strong magnetic field so as to obtain high emission speed. In the process of launching the electromagnetic rail gun, because the armature and the launching rail are in high-speed sliding electrical contact, instantaneous current is transmitted to the armature through the guide rail at a high speed, so that a large amount of heat is generated on the guide rail instantaneously, and the thermal stress damage of the electromagnetic launching system rail is easily caused. Under the continuous emission mode, the electromagnetic rail gun is expected to emit 6-12 shots per minute, the rapid accumulation of heat not only influences the emission efficiency, but also can damage the performance of the rail, and the problems of shortening the service life of an electromagnetic emission system, even failing in emission and the like are caused.

The launching of the electromagnetic rail gun relates to complex processes of electricity, magnetism, heat, force and the like, is limited by factors such as experimental conditions, tests and the like, few laboratories with real launching conditions in China currently exist, and the research on the thermal effect of the electromagnetic rail is mainly based on simulation. A large number of simulation results reveal that the heat accumulation under the rapid emission of the electromagnetic track mainly comes from joule heat generated by track body resistance, joule heat generated by contact resistance of a pivot rail contact interface and heat generated by relative sliding friction of the pivot rail. And combining the dynamic emission process of the armature, and obtaining the space-time distribution characteristic of the accumulated heat in the track according to methods such as analytic calculation, finite element and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for constructing and actually measuring axial temperature gradient distribution of an electromagnetic gun track by combining three groups of heating pipes with adjustable power, a PLC (programmable logic controller) control cabinet, an electromagnetic copper track with a temperature measuring point, a thermocouple and a data acquisition instrument together on the basis of experimental and simulation data in a public document, and provides an experimental basis for researches such as active cooling of the electromagnetic track.

The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:

the electromagnetic rail is a convex rail, and a square bulge is arranged on the contact side of the pivot rail, namely the contact side of the heating pipe and the copper rail.

The heating pipes are divided into three groups which respectively correspond to the high-temperature section, the medium-temperature section and the low-temperature section of the electromagnetic track. The heating pipes are fixed on three sections of aluminum plates, and the arrangement distance from the tail of the electromagnetic track to the muzzle is gradually increased. Three groups of heating pipe switches are independently controlled, and the number of each group of heating pipes and the power of the heating pipes can be adjusted. The simulation heating system is provided with a PLC control cabinet, and when the temperature measuring point of the electromagnetic track reaches a set temperature, heating is stopped.

The invention sets a temperature measuring point from the outer side of the electromagnetic track to the side hole of the pivot track contact side, and adopts a thermocouple contact type temperature measuring mode to actually measure the track temperature in the heating process so as to obtain the instantaneous temperature of the track. The armature launching direction is provided with a plurality of temperature measuring points with different intervals, the distance between the hole depth and the pivot rail contact surface is less than 2mm, the interval of the temperature measuring points at the high temperature section is small, and the interval of the temperature measuring points at the low temperature section is large. The pivot rail is in contact with the cross section direction, and 3-4 temperature measuring points are sequentially arranged.

The invention transmits the temperature of the temperature measuring point to the data acquisition instrument through the thermocouple, and an experimenter can adjust parameters such as the number of heating pipes, heating power and the like through real-time temperature data.

The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the characteristic that the track temperature distribution is uneven after the electromagnetic rail gun is launched, the heating pipes with adjustable quantity and power are arranged in sections, the temperature distribution after the electromagnetic rail gun is launched is simulated to the maximum extent by the experiment system, and the simulation of the electromagnetic rail temperature distribution under various launching working conditions is realized.

2. In the actual launching process of the electromagnetic rail gun, rail temperature measurement is difficult due to the fact that a large amount of heat and vibration are generated. The method for simulating the temperature distribution of the electromagnetic track by the heating pipe has small damage to the thermocouple, can realize that the thermocouple with higher sensitivity is adopted in the heating process, and the temperature measuring point is connected with the data acquisition instrument through the thermocouple to feed back the temperature of the temperature measuring point in real time.

3. According to the invention, the temperature measuring points are reasonably arranged on the electromagnetic track, the temperature measuring points are close to the pivot track contact surface, the coordinates of each temperature measuring point are accurately positioned, the temperature of each temperature measuring point is monitored in real time in the heating process, and timely adjustment is carried out, so that the axial temperature distribution of the electromagnetic track is ensured.

4. The invention has adjustable heating pipe quantity and power, the highest track heating temperature can reach 500 ℃, and various electromagnetic track gun launching working conditions can be simulated.

5. According to the invention, PLC automatic control is introduced, and when the temperature measuring point reaches the preset temperature, heating is automatically stopped, so that human errors are reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for simulating temperature distribution of an electromagnetic track according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a heating pipe control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of temperature measuring points of an electromagnetic orbit according to an embodiment of the invention.

Reference numerals:

1-an electromagnetic copper track; 2-heating a tube; 3-high temperature section; 4-medium temperature section; 5-low temperature section; 6-temperature measuring point; 7-a thermocouple; 8-a PLC control cabinet; 9-heating pipe power adjusting knob; 10-heating tube switch; 11-system emergency stop switch.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this application. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention, and not restrictive.

The embodiment of the invention mainly comprises the following steps: under the condition of no actual missile launching, the electromagnetic copper track is heated by adjusting the number and power of the three groups of heating pipes 2, the temperature of a temperature measuring point on the electromagnetic track is ensured to reach a preset value, the condition of uneven temperature distribution of the track at the moment of launching of an electromagnetic track gun is simulated, and an experimental basis is provided for researching the internal active cooling heat exchange characteristic of the electromagnetic track.

According to the embodiment of the invention, temperature measuring points 6 are arranged on the electromagnetic copper track 1 at unequal intervals, one temperature measuring point is respectively selected from the high-temperature section 3, the medium-temperature section 4 and the low-temperature section 5 to be used as temperature monitoring, the thermocouple 7 is connected with a system numerical control system, and when the temperature of the temperature measuring point reaches the temperature set by an experimenter, the relay is disconnected, and the heating pipe 2 stops heating. The rest temperature measuring points 6 can be connected with a data acquisition instrument such as Agilent and the like by using thermocouples 7 to obtain the instantaneous temperature of the track in the heating process, and an experimenter can adjust the starting number and the heating power of the heating pipes 2 through real-time data.

The embodiment of the invention sets the distribution of the heating pipes 2 based on the experimental and simulation foundation under the single emission and continuous emission of the existing electromagnetic rail gun. In order to avoid quick heat conduction of the copper track 1, heating pipes 2 with small distance and large heating power are arranged at the position close to the tail part of the track, particularly the initial position of an armature, and the heating pipes 2 with large distance and small heating power are arranged at the muzzle end. In actual operation, an experimenter heats the electromagnetic track according to the required temperature distribution, and can manually control the opening and closing time of each group of heating pipes and the number of the heating pipes.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the temperature measuring point 6 is arranged on the electromagnetic track, and the temperature measuring point 6 extends from the outer side of the electromagnetic track to the pivot track contact side and is 1-2 mm away from the pivot track contact side. The system adopts a thermocouple 7 with higher sensitivity, and the opening of a temperature measuring point is not more than 1mm directly. The distance between the temperature measuring points is increased in sequence from the tail of the track to the muzzle, and the temperature measuring points 6 can be additionally arranged at the characteristic positions in the corresponding research.

The embodiment of the invention is provided with a PLC automatic control system, and the three groups of heating pipes 2 can be respectively controlled by a power adjusting knob 9 and a heating pipe switch 10. The system is provided with an emergency stop switch 11, and the emergency stop switch is started when an emergency occurs in an experiment.