阅读说明：本技术 经装饰的天然皮革 (Decorated natural leather ) 是由 L·德洛克 于 2020-04-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种装饰天然皮革的方法,其包括以下步骤：a)通过真空抽吸将天然皮革以它的真皮面保持到喷墨印刷机的真空支撑物上的透气支撑物；且b)在天然皮革上喷墨印刷装饰性图像,其中透气支撑物被所述天然皮革部分覆盖。透气支撑物包括与天然皮革的真皮面接触的纤维状层。(A method of decorating natural leather comprising the steps of: a) a breathable support for holding the natural leather with its leather side by vacuum suction onto a vacuum support of an ink jet printer; and b) ink-jet printing a decorative image on the natural leather, wherein the breathable support is partially covered by said natural leather. The breathable support includes a fibrous layer in contact with the dermal surface of the natural leather.)

1. A method of decorating natural leather comprising a leather face, the method comprising the steps of:

a) holding the natural leather with its leather side by vacuum suction onto an air-permeable support carried on a vacuum support of an ink-jet printer; and is

b) Ink-jet printing a decorative image on natural leather, wherein the breathable support is partially covered by the natural leather;

and wherein the breathable support comprises a fibrous layer in contact with the dermal surface of the natural leather.

2. The method of claim 3, wherein the fibrous layer is a nonwoven fabric.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the nonwoven fabric is a felt.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the felt is a polyester felt.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fibrous layer is contacted with a vacuum support.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fibrous layer has less than 90L/(dm)²x min) air permeability.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the breathable support comprises registration marks for arranging the natural leather on the support.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising an additional step before step b):

-applying registration means to align the natural leather on the breathable support.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising an additional step before step b):

-levelling said leather on said breathable support.

10. The method of claim 9, comprising an additional step prior to step a):

-applying an adhesive suitable for constituting an adhesive layer between the leather face and the air-permeable support on the leather face and/or the air-permeable support.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the air-permeable support is a conveyor belt wrapped around the vacuum support and more than one pulley.

12. The method according to claim 10 or claim 11, comprising an additional step after step b):

-washing the air-permeable support to clean the support.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the natural leather has a grain side provided with an undercoating, and wherein the decorative image is printed on the undercoating, and optionally an additional step after step b): applying a top coat over the printed decorative image and hot pressing the printed decorative image and the top coat.

14. The method of any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising

-a scanning step by a camera system between steps a) and b) to determine the profile of the natural leather held from the captured image of said leather; and optionally, to determine from said captured image the position of said retained natural leather on said breathable support; and

-a step before printing, in which a decorative image is hidden outside said determined outline, to prevent spoiling of the ink outside the determined outline on the breathable support.

15. The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the decorative image is printed with a print head of an inkjet printer, wherein the print head has a throw distance of between 0.1 mm and 3 mm.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the manufacture of decorated natural leather and leather articles made therewith.

Background

The manufacture of natural leather products is well known and can generally be divided into five stages. Often, preparation stage 1 occurs partly in slaughterhouses and partly in tanneries, while stages 2 to 4 occur in tanneries and stage 5 occurs at leather manufacturers. In the first stage, the preparation stage, the coat is removed from the animal (skinning) and pretreated for the second stage of tanning. Pretreatment may involve processes such as soaking, liming, unhairing, flaking and pickling (pH adjustment to aid in tanning agent penetration). During the tanning stage, the proteins of the hide or skin are converted into stable substances that do not decay. Chromium is most commonly used as a tanning agent, where the tanning product acquires a light blue color, and is therefore often referred to as "wet blue skin". At the third stage of semi-tanning (tanning), the tanned leathers are dried and softened. Mirabilite often includes processes such as stripping (to remove surface-fixed tannins), fatliquoring (to fix fats, oils and waxes onto leather fibers), dyeing, whitening, physical softening and buffing (to rub the leather surface to reduce particle defects). In a fourth stage, known as the finishing stage, the leather is ready for sale to leather goods manufacturers. Finishing operations may include lacquer coating, polishing, and embossing. In a fifth stage, leather articles are manufactured, involving processes that may include cutting, perforating, sewing, leather wrapping, decorating, and embossing.

Natural leather has been decorated in the past by screen printing. However, screen printing is labor intensive because a separate screen is required for each color. This is expensive and time consuming, especially when personalization or customization is desired.

Digital printing techniques on finished leather have been studied, but many solutions on finished leather are still of poor quality. Inkjet technology from textile printing using thermal transfer paper has been explored for leather printing. However, just as with direct inkjet printing onto natural leather, it was found that the process of inkjet printing dye-based images onto transfer paper and subsequently transferring the images onto tanned leather by heating resulted in an unacceptable quality of many luxury leather products. Examples of such ink jet processes are disclosed in WO 01/32434A (GILHAM) and US 2016067984A (CHUNG).

WO2019042952 (AGFA NV) discloses several methods of sandwiching natural leather on a rigid support to decorate the natural leather by inkjet printing methods. Another method of fixing natural leather is disclosed in KR20170143170 (CHAE MYUNG SUK), where natural leather is transported and supported using a film in an inkjet printer.

WO2018114303 (AGFA NV) [0092] discloses an inkjet printer for leather in which the leather is placed on a breathable media support layer and is fixed by vacuum during printing.

It is not easy to treat the natural leather on the support of the inkjet printer due to the force between the entangled fibers of the natural leather. The force causes wrinkles even when printing, and the wrinkles cause regular collisions with the print head of the printer. Increasing the throw distance can overcome the impact, but this results in a blurred, inkjet printed decorative image. The vacuum support may help to level the natural leather, but the forces and fibrous and tufted dermal surface result in an uncontrolled holding of the leather against the vacuum support, particularly at the edges of the natural leather.

Natural leather is adhered using an adhesive impermeable support and wherein the adhesive impermeable support is held on a vacuum support of a printer, which is a known method of supplying natural leather in an inkjet printer. But the stickiness makes it difficult to (re) position the natural leather on the non-permeable support and after the natural leather is removed from the non-permeable support, the natural leather has glue contamination which has to be cleaned in an additional step. Furthermore, the adhesive layer from the non-permeable support has to be renewed or the non-permeable support is a consumable that can only be reused once or at most twice, which results in manufacturing waste.

Therefore, there is a need to obtain a more efficient and faster method of decorating natural leather of high quality, wherein the method avoids collisions with expensive printing heads.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the above problems, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is achieved with a method of decorating natural leather according to claim 1.

The invention relates to a method for decorating natural leather, which comprises the following steps:

a) a breathable support for holding the natural leather with its leather side by vacuum suction onto a vacuum support of an ink jet printer; and is

b) Inkjet printing a decorative image on natural leather, wherein the breathable support is partially covered by said natural leather. In the present invention, the natural leather has a leather side and an opposite side on which a decorative image is to be ink-jet printed. The opposite face is preferably a grain face. If the air permeability is more than 15L/(dm) under the pressure difference of 200 Pa²x min), the support is air permeable.

By means of the invention, the natural leather becomes flat for printing and the edges of the natural leather also become fixed to the air-permeable support, thereby preventing collisions with the print head of the inkjet printer. The air-permeable support is clamped between the leather surface and the vacuum support of the ink-jet printer through vacuum suction; wherein the natural leather partially covers the breathable support. The invention is particularly advantageous when the natural leather is irregularly shaped or has sharp edges.

In order to enhance the fixation of the edges and control the retention of the natural leather, the breathable support comprises, or is, a fibrous layer in contact with the dermis side of the natural leather. The dermal surface is fibrous and tufted, whereby the fibrous layer of air-permeable support is clamped and hooked with the dermal surface.

The fibrous layer is preferably a nonwoven fabric, more preferably a felt and most preferably a polyester felt. The polyester felt may be blended with other materials such as wool.

By means of the present invention, the fast retention and easy fixing of natural leather can be even more efficient, wherein the breathable support comprises registration marks for arranging the natural leather or more than one natural leather on said support, and/or comprises the additional step before step b): applying registration means on the breathable support to align the natural leather on said support.

The registration mark may be a ruler, a grid of small n x m squares, or one or more small lines to facilitate registration of the natural leather or even more than one piece of natural leather. The marker may include an identification code or device to calculate the distance. The registration means is for example a registration pin or a registration bar.

Swelling or curling may occur before printing due to the force between the entangled fibers of the natural leather; the bulge or curl has to be flattened before printing onto the vacuum support. This may be done by hand or more preferably by a flattening device such as a squeegee or iron.

Sometimes natural leather is quite hard; which can be softened by ironing or moistening the natural leather before it is applied to the breathable support. Another way to solve this is an additional step before step a):

-applying an adhesive on the dermal side and/or the air-permeable support to constitute an adhesive layer between the dermal side and the air-permeable support. The other method is not preferable because the glue remains on the genuine leather side of the natural leather. The residue has to be washed away as an additional step. Preferably, the breathable support of the invention does not have said adhesive layer. If a heat-sensitive adhesive is used, the adhesive layer is preferably formed during steps a) and b), for example by a heating step of the breathable support and/or of the natural leather. In the present invention, when the dermal side and the struts are supplied together, an adhesive is between the dermal side and the air-permeable struts.

The invention can be improved even more for high quality inkjet decorative images, wherein the natural leather also has a grain side, and wherein the grain side comprises a base coat, and wherein the process comprises an additional step after step b):

-applying a top coat on the printed natural leather and hot pressing the assembly formed by the base coat, the natural leather, the printed decorative image and the top coat. A decorative image is then printed on the base coat. In a preferred embodiment, the gas permeable support can also be hot pressed together with the previous assembly as a support.

The distance of the "projected" droplets from the print head to the natural leather on which the decorative image is printed can also be shortened with the present invention. The throw distance is preferably less than 4 mm and more preferably between 0.1 mm and 3 mm. The smaller the projection distance, the better the image quality.

These and other objects of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description to follow.

Drawings

FIG. 1 illustrates Jeti TAURO with AGFA NV^TMThe method of the present invention as an ink jet printer. The printer is a wide format inkjet printer and it includes a vacuum belt (not visible). In fig. 1, the operator prepares and supplies a breathable support (200) with leather panels (305) or a portion of hide (300) on the support.

Fig. 2 and 3 illustrate a top view and a cross-sectional view of a breathable support (200) supporting a portion (300) of the hide. The support is carried (not visible) on a vacuum support (150) of the ink jet printer. The portion of rawhide has a real surface (370) and a grain surface (350). The air-permeable support (200) in fig. 2 comprises a fibrous layer (250) in contact with the leather face. In fig. 3, the air-permeable support (200) is a fibrous layer (250) in contact with the dermal surface.

Detailed Description

In order to avoid collision of natural leather in an inkjet printer, the present invention includes a method of decorating natural leather, the method including the steps of:

a) a breathable support for holding the natural leather with its leather side by vacuum suction onto a vacuum support of an ink jet printer; and is

b) Inkjet printing a decorative image on natural leather, wherein the breathable support is partially covered by said natural leather.

The breathable support can be reused for subsequent printing work on natural leather having a leather side. It is also possible to supply more than one natural leather on the breathable support to print a decorative image on each of said natural leathers.

The natural leather may be supplied first on the air-permeable support and, if the air-permeable support is not a belt, on a vacuum support. The sequence of steps is advantageous because the first step (so-called off-line) can be carried out in parallel when printing another natural leather on another breathable support.

Or the breathable support may be supplied first on the vacuum support and then the natural leather may be supplied on said breathable support.

In the present invention, the breathable support is sandwiched by vacuum suction between the natural leather and the vacuum support of the ink-jet printer, wherein said natural leather partially, and therefore not completely, covers said breathable support for better adhesion of the edges of said natural leather. On the assembly formed by the natural leather and the breathable support, a partially breathable support is still visible.

It was found that the edges of the natural leather do not remain well on the breathable support if it is completely covered by the natural leather.

Decorated natural leather and leather articles

Natural leather is classified into different grades, such as full grain, topgrain (which is essentially full grain, but with part of the grain layer sanded and the underlying split removed), and split leather (split leather). For the latter, the underlying layer of hide is removed and used to create split leather. Depending on the thickness of the underlying layers, a number of cross-sections may be created. Split leather has a rough appearance and is commonly used for making suede leather. The natural leather in the present invention has a leather surface, and preferably has a grain surface, and more preferably the natural leather is a leather of Mirabilitum.

To prevent particle damage and frailty, chrome tanned hides or skins are preferably used, but other tanning methods such as vegetable tanning can also be used. After tanning, the leather is dried and softened into so-called crust leather. The crust may include a number of processes such as stripping (to remove surface-bound tannins), fatliquoring (to bind fats, oils and waxes to the leather fibres), dyeing, whitening, physical softening and buffing (to rub the leather surface to reduce particle defects).

The decorated natural leather can be used to make a wide range of leather products. Preferred leather articles include footwear, furniture, home furnishings, bags and cases, gloves, belts, purses, clothing, automotive leather (such as train, airplane, boat, and car seats), upholstery, books and stationery, packaging, equestrian articles, and the like.

The invention prevents in particular the curling of the edges of the natural leather, which could touch or offset the print heads of the inkjet printer. The natural leather may be rawhide or a part of rawhide, but also may be a combination (panel), which is a natural leather sheet having a certain shape obtained by cutting. The natural leather sheet is mainly used for manufacturing leather products.

Adhesive agent

The adhesive is used to attach the natural leather with its leather side to the breathable support. An adhesive may be applied to the breathable support, the natural leather, or both.

Any adhesive known in the art can be used in the present invention, from classically known adhesives to biomimetic based adhesives. Repositionable adhesives are preferred because they aid the process for ensuring that the leather is completely flat attached to the carrier without causing a collision with the inkjet print head. The heat-sensitive glue is preferred because it already has a slight viscosity at room temperature and already has a high viscosity from 30 ℃.

Bioinspired reversible adhesives have been described by del Campo and Fern a ndez-Bl z quez (biomedical applications for biomedical devices, chapter 11, ed. Jo ã o F. Mano, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, first edition, 2012).

Adhesives are known in different technical fields, such as textile printing, in which aqueous glue processes and dry adhesion processes are used. In the dry-bonding process, both permanent and thermoplastic adhesives are known in the art. Adhesives for textile printing are disclosed in Ullmans encyclopop ä die der technischen Chemie, 4. autoflage, Band 23, 76-77 (VERLAG CHEMI, WEINHEIM).

In the present invention, a pressure-sensitive adhesive is a particularly preferred type of adhesive. Removable pressure sensitive adhesive from Post-It such as 3M^TMNote applications are known.

Preferred polymers of the pressure sensitive adhesive are selected from polyacrylates, silicone polymers, polydienes or copolymers thereof such as natural rubber and styrene-butadiene type rubbers and block copolymers of styrene and dienes. Typical formulations of pressure sensitive adhesives further contain tackifying resins to tailor the properties to the application. The pressure sensitive adhesive may further contain additives such as waxes, plasticizers and antioxidants.

Pressure sensitive adhesives are applied to surfaces of water, solvents or as hot melt adhesives. Hot melt adhesives and aqueous adhesives are preferred. Aqueous adhesives are particularly preferred. Aqueous pressure sensitive adhesives are emulsion based and have been described in detail by Journal of Macromolecular Science ć and Dub (Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C-Polymer Reviews, C44(1), 1-55 (2004)).

Suitable adhesives are available from KIWO (KISSEL + WOLF GmbH).

The method of applying the adhesive to the surface is not limited, such as by coating or by spraying. Repositionable spray adhesives are preferred because they cause no or very limited damage to the dermal surface when the carrier is separated from the leather. A commercial example of a suitable spray adhesive is a 3 M.repositionable 75 spray adhesive. Spray adhesives are also known as aerosol adhesives.

The use of adhesives also has some disadvantages, such as glue residue on the leather face or breathable support, the need for additional pressure equipment, etc. But it was found that when a heat sensitive adhesive such as KIWO is used^TMWith the KIWOTEX TDK 35L, contamination of the dermal surface glue after the ink jet printing step is very limited. It is therefore preferred that the breathable support does not have an adhesive layer which allows better adhesion of the natural leather as described above.

Breathable support

In the present invention, the breathable support is larger than natural leather and is preferably flat. The natural leather partially covers the support to have good adhesion at the edges of the natural leather. When the support is the same size as the natural leather and the leather completely covers the support, the edges of the natural leather may wrinkle (wavy or curl) due to the tufted leather face and its adhesiveness when vacuum is applied. This may cause a collision with the print head of the inkjet printer.

The breathable support comprises one or more fibrous layers, wherein the dermal side of the natural leather is preferably in contact with fibrous layers from said one or more fibrous layers. The fibrous layer readily adheres to the fibrous and tufted leather faces. The fibrous layer may be coated and/or a nonwoven fabric such as felt. The felt may be a wool felt but it is preferably a polyester felt. Recycled polyester felt may also be used. Polyester felts are most preferred because the felts have a tighter construction and they can be used at operating temperatures in excess of 30 ℃. The polyester felt may be blended with other materials such as wool.

In the present invention, in order to minimize the vacuum force of air suction, the air permeability of the air-permeable support may be 30 to 120L/(dm) at a pressure difference of 200 Pa²x min), preferably between 35 and 90L/(dm)²x min). The air permeability can be AKUSTRON^TMAir permeability measuring apparatus measurement, whichObey the industrial standards DIN 53887, DIN 53120, ISO9237 and ASTM D737-96. The air permeability is therefore measured in minutes, abbreviated to "min".

If the air-permeable support comprises a plurality of layers on top of each other, one or more of said layers are fibrous layers, but preferably all layers are fibrous. The layer also needs to be breathable. Measuring the air permeability of the air permeable support on all of the plurality of layers. Preferably, a first layer of the plurality of layers in contact with the dermal surface has a lower air permeability than a second layer, which is a subsequent layer of the first layer. Most preferably, subsequent layers of one of the plurality of layers have a higher air permeability.

If the layer in contact with the dermal side is a nonwoven, the orientation of the fibers of the nonwoven and the fibers in contact with the dermal side can be changed to provide better adhesion to the fibrous and tufted dermal side.

For easy handling and a certain rigidity, the weight of the air-permeable support is preferably between 0.6 and 2.5 kg/m²In the meantime. The thickness of the support is preferably between 1.5 mm and 4 mm, more preferably between 1.5 mm and 3 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the air-permeable support is two times or more the thickness of the supported natural leather, but more preferably the thickness of the air-permeable support is not more than 100 times the thickness of the supported natural leather.

After inkjet printing, the result of the process obtained in the present invention is a component of decorated natural leather, wherein its leather side is attached to a breathable support or preferred breathable supports as disclosed above. The attachment is preferably caused by the air-permeable support being sucked by vacuum. The assembly is an embodiment of the invention.

The inkjet printed decorative image may be comprised of nested sub-images cut into a piece of leather. The cutting may take place after the decorated natural leather has been removed from the breathable support, but preferably takes place while the decorated natural leather is still attached to said support. The support then preferably comprises polyester felt as the layer in contact with the dermal side of the natural leather. Another advantage of the assembly is that it facilitates transport between tanneries and leather manufacturers, since the assembly can be easily nailed to pallets. The identifier on the assembly, preferably a machine readable identifier, can be used to identify the leather goods manufacturer to aid in the logistics process.

The hot pressing of the decorated natural leather can also be carried out while the leather is still attached with the leather side on the breathable support. Thus the natural leather is preferably a leather of saltpeter, which is more preferably primed before the decorative image is printed and most preferably top-coated after the image is printed. The base coat, natural leather, decorative pattern, and top coat may then be sandwiched together by the hot pressing step. At the same time or after the hot pressing step, fur texture reliefs may be additionally applied to the top coat.

In a preferred embodiment, the air permeable support is a conveyor belt wrapped around the vacuum support and a plurality of pulleys or gliders. The conveyor belt may be driven by a motor to produce a torque on one of the pulleys or conveyed when connected to a vacuum belt as a vacuum support. The last embodiment is highly preferred because the vacuum belt as a vacuum support is arranged for correct printing, such as in registration and at a controlled speed. If the vacuum support is a vacuum table, the air permeable support must be rigid and have low stretchability in order to print in registration and at controlled speeds.

The transfer is preferably performed with a continuous distance movement, also known as discrete stepped increments.

The breathable support may also be a sheet having one or more fibrous layers, and wherein the support has a larger area than the natural leather.

In the present invention, the breathable support may be cleaned after the printing step. This may be done by a support cleaner comprising:

-a container for cleaning liquid; and

-a cleaning roller in contact with the air-permeable support;

wherein the scrub roller comprises an elongated blanket fabric spirally folded about the scrub roller and wherein the pile is comprised of yarn tufts in a looped and/or cut configuration; and wherein the cleaning roller comprises a spiral channel along the length of the folded blanket fabric for draining cleaning liquid from the cleaning roller and/or for wetting the cleaning roller with cleaning liquid. If the permeable belt is a conveyor belt, the cleaning step may be performed while conveying.

The support surface of the air-permeable support, which in the present case is the surface that contacts the leather surface, may be impregnated and/or coated with PUR and/or glue. Furthermore, the other side, which should be in contact with the vacuum support, may also be impregnated, for example with PUR, for better sliding. Coating or impregnating a fibrous layer in contact with the dermal surface is less preferred because the fibers above the layer are less hooked to the dermal surface.

When one or more natural leathers are supplied on the air-permeable support, the position can be scanned by a camera system above the air-permeable support. If the support has registration marks or registration means or identification codes, the scanning can be used to optimize the supply chain of the decorated natural leather of the invention. In the post-treatment of decorated natural leathers, the identification code and the position of the natural leather or leathers can be used, for example, to cut or heat press or emboss or top coat the natural leather if the leather is still on the breathable support.

When one or more natural leathers are scanned by a camera system, the contoured edges may be detected and provided to an inkjet printer or an image converter such as a raster image processor to prevent ink from spoiling (bubbles) on the edges and air permeable support of the one or more natural leathers when an image such as a decorative pattern is printed on the one or more natural leathers. The image is stored in memory primarily as a rectangular array of pixels. The profile of the natural leather that is maintained is not always rectangular and is mainly irregular in shape. This prevention can be done by masking a partial image based on the detected edges of one or more natural leathers. The scanner may even detect bites or bad parts in one or more natural leathers, so there is no ink spoiling on said parts or bites. The location of the one or more natural leathers known by scanning and detection can also be used to locate the one or more natural leathersNesting images over leather, e.g. in Elitron^TMEliNest.

The camera system may be a digital 2D camera or a 3D camera or a line-camera located above the air permeable support. The camera system may have means to carry the camera in three dimensions (height, width and length) towards or away from the natural leather. The camera system may also have one or more lenses to capture a scaled image of the natural leather held on the air permeable support.

If the breathable support has a nonwoven as fibrous layer according to a preferred embodiment and the post-treatment is cutting in the natural leather while the natural leather is still on the breathable support, the damage to the support by the cutting is minimal. The nonwoven fabric is preferably a polyester felt. Thus, the breathable support can be reused for subsequent printing work for decorating natural leather according to the invention.

Cutting may also be performed prior to printing. The cut natural leather or the unnecessary pieces of cut decorated natural leather may be removed from the air-permeable support manually or by a robotic arm. The pieces required for the production of leather articles or for the supply of natural leather on said breathable support can also be moved by a robotic arm from said breathable support to a storage location such as a basket. The robotic arm may have a clamp for gripping the natural leather or the desired or undesired piece. Another or the same mechanical arm can be used to supply the natural leather on the breathable support before the printing step.

In a preferred embodiment, the natural leather comprises a fitting hole which matches with the head of the registration pin supplied to the breathable support. The registration pin is preferably made of stainless steel, aluminum or a plastic material. The matching holes in the natural leather may be added to the leather by perforating said natural leather, for example with a perforator, preferably near the edge of said natural leather. The quality of the edges of natural leather is generally low, especially when the natural leather is semi-or whole hide. Mating holes may also be used for post-processing of inkjet printed leather for registration, such as cutting in leather assembly (panel).

In order to avoid collisions with the printing heads of the inkjet printer, the heads of the registration device (such as the registration pins) extend above the natural leather to a height smaller than the throw distance of the printing heads, preferably to a height between 0.1 mm and 3 mm. The bottom of the registration means may have means for supplying the registration pin into the gas-permeable support, for example by screwing or drilling or perforating. If the supply of registration pins is made in a fibrous layer of the previous embodiment, such as a nonwoven fabric, the pins can be easily removed without leaving significant holes. The air permeable support may be reused several times, with the pin (re) positioned more than once.

By pressing the natural leather and the breathable support, the dermal surface with tufted and fibrous characteristics is hooked even better with the fibrous layer of the breathable support, while leveling and supplying said natural leather and breathable support through the slits. The plurality of fibrils of the fibrous layer in contact with the dermal surface are preferably oriented in a direction opposite to the feeding direction.

Vacuum support

The vacuum support is preferably a vacuum table, more preferably a vacuum belt wrapped around the vacuum table along with a plurality of pulleys for transporting the vacuum belt and for transporting sheets supported on the vacuum belt.

In the present invention, the natural leather is held on the vacuum support by vacuum suction. The vacuum suction is provided by a vacuum chamber connected by a plurality of small holes and an air channel through the vacuum support. The operation of vacuum supports such as vacuum tables or vacuum belts is well known. An example of such a vacuum support is disclosed in WO 2016/071122A 1 (AGFA GRAPHICS NV).

The vacuum belt preferably includes a set of air channels connecting the top and bottom surfaces of the vacuum belt; and is

-the set of air channels couples the air-permeable support to the vacuum belt by vacuum suction in the set of air channels; and is

Wherein the vacuum belt is characterized by a plurality of pockets at the top surface, wherein each pocket comprises a closed bottom end; and is

Wherein the recess is connected with one air channel of the set of air channels to form an air cup and to couple the air permeable support to the vacuum belt at the recess by vacuum suction. Such preferred vacuum belts are disclosed in WO 2017/036943 a1 (AGFA GRAPHICS NV).

Another preferred vacuum belt in combination with a vacuum table is disclosed in WO 2018/007121 a1 (AGFA GRAPHICS NV).

In a preferred embodiment, wherein the vacuum support is a vacuum belt, the air permeable support is another belt wrapped around the vacuum belt and a plurality of gliders or pulleys. The specific air-permeable support is conveyed while being adhered to the vacuum belt by suction with air.

The invention was tested and validated with the following combination (panel) and part of the inkjet printers Jeti Mira and Jeti Tauro H2500 manufactured by AgfaNV and the half-nitro calf leather from the nudi IVO. Several types of breathable supports, such as from Forbo, were tested and verified^TMNOVO 25-HC Black and NOVO 40-HC.

Decorative image

There is no practical limit to the type of decorative image that is inkjet printed on natural leather using one or more pigmented inkjet inks. The decorative image may consist of a single color, or it may comprise multiple colors such as black, white, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, orange, violet, blue, green, and brown.

The decorative image may be printed as an uninterrupted image in which a single piece of leather is cut out, or the decorative image may consist of sub-images, representing for example different pieces of leather required for assembling the leather article. In the latter case, the sub-image is preferably nested in a decorative image containing the sub-image. By nesting the sub-images, waste of unused leather having printable areas can be minimized, which represents a significant economic benefit.

The decorative image may also include a cut line to aid in cutting the leather piece. The cutting can be performed manually with these cutting lines, but is preferably done by using some kind of automation for cutting the hideFor example, in Versalis from LECTRA^TMImplemented in a cutting machine.

Base coat

The base coat applied on natural leather, preferably crust leather, provides a level of image quality comparable to the luxury appearance of leather, because the low viscosity of inkjet inks allows them to penetrate rapidly into leather, resulting in reduced image quality.

The primer layer may be applied as a single layer, or may be applied as multiple layers. The multiple layers may even have different compositions to improve properties such as adhesion or flexibility.

The base coat preferably comprises a polyurethane based polymer or copolymer as this has been found to improve the flexibility of the printed leather. The base coat preferably further comprises a polyamide polymer or copolymer, as polyamide has been found to improve compatibility with the crust leather and improve the strength of the base coat.

In a preferred embodiment, the primer layer preferably comprises a polyurethane-based polymer or copolymer and a polyacrylate-based polymer or copolymer. This combination brings about excellent flexibility even in the presence of pigments.

A crosslinking agent may be incorporated in the base coat to improve the strength of the base coat and the adhesiveness of the natural leather.

The base coat is preferably applied by spray coating, but can be applied by any known coating technique, such as knife coating, extrusion coating, slide hopper coating, and curtain coating. It may be applied before the natural leather is attached to the breathable support, or it may be applied when the natural leather has been attached to the breathable support.

The primer layer may be a white primer layer to enhance the color vividness of the inkjet-printed decorative image, but preferably the primer layer has a color similar to that of the genuine or grain side.

Pigmented inkjet inks

The inkjet printed pigmented inkjet ink or inks may be selected from aqueous pigmented inkjet inks, solvent based pigmented inkjet inks and radiation curable pigmented inkjet inks. However, the one or more pigmented inkjet inks are preferably one or more radiation curable inkjet inks, most preferably one or more UV curable inkjet inks. .

The one or more pigmented inkjet inks preferably contain organic colour pigments, as they allow to obtain a high colour gamut on natural leather. Carbon black and titanium dioxide are inorganic pigments that can be advantageously used in the present invention to constitute black and white pigmented inkjet inks, respectively.

In a preferred embodiment, the one or more pigmented inkjet inks form a cmyk (w) or cryk (w) inkjet cartridge.

The pigment particles in the inkjet ink should be small enough to allow the ink to flow freely through the inkjet printing device, particularly at the jet nozzle. It is also desirable to use small particles to obtain maximum color intensity and slow down sedimentation. The number average pigment particle size of the organic colour pigment and the inorganic black pigment is preferably between 0.050 and 1 μm, more preferably between 0.070 and 0.300 μm and most preferably between 0.080 and 0.200. mu.m.

When a UV curable pigmented inkjet ink is used, a polymerizable compound and at least one photoinitiator are present in the inkjet ink. The UV curable inkjet ink contains one or more photoinitiators, preferably one or more free radical photoinitiators. Free radical photoinitiators are compounds that initiate the polymerization of monomers and oligomers by forming free radicals when exposed to actinic radiation. The preparation of pigmented UV curable inkjet inks is well known to the skilled person. Preferred preparation processes are disclosed in paragraphs [0076] to [0085] of WO2011/069943 (AGFA).

In a preferred embodiment, the image is dried after or simultaneously with printing the image on the natural leather, said image being dried by the irradiation means. Irradiation is preferably performed by using a UV bulb lamp or a plurality of UV light emitting diodes, but if supplied directly on a vacuum support, this will generate heat which increases the possibility of curling of the natural leather. Said curling of the natural leather is solved when using the invention.

The ink jet printer is a digital printer in which non-contact printing techniques are used. In order to have good image quality, a constant height between the print head and the ink receiver is required. In the present invention, the inkjet printer may be a multi-pass inkjet printer, but preferably a single pass inkjet printer.

Top coat

A top coat may be applied over the decorative image and the base coat to enhance the scratch and mar resistance of the decorative image.

The top coat may be applied as a single layer, or may be applied as multiple layers. The multiple layers may even have different compositions to improve properties such as scratch resistance.

The protective top coat may have the same or similar composition as the base coat. The protective top coat is typically slightly optimized for leather applications. For example, in contrast to leather shoes, flexibility plays no important role for leather book covers. Thus, the protective top coat for the book cover can be optimized for scratch resistance.

The top coat preferably comprises a cross-linking agent and a polymer or copolymer based on polyurethane and/or polyamide.

The top coat preferably comprises a polyurethane-based polymer or copolymer, as this contributes to the flexibility of the printed leather. If improved scratch resistance is desired, it is preferred to include polyamide polymers, which have been found to have high compatibility with polyurethane binders.

In a preferred embodiment, the top coat layer preferably comprises a polyurethane-based polymer or copolymer and a polyacrylate-based polymer or copolymer. This combination results in excellent flexibility.

Crosslinkers can be incorporated into the protective topcoat to improve scratch resistance. Preferred crosslinking agents include those described above for the primer layer.

The top coat is preferably applied by spraying, but may also be applied by the same coating techniques as described above for the base coat.

The top coat is most preferably a clear top coat, but may also be a translucent top coat. By having a transparent top coat, the ink jet printed image is clearly visible through the top coat. By using a translucent top coat, a special aesthetic effect is created.

Matting agents may be included if the inkjet printed leather requires a matte top surface. Any suitable matting agent may be used.