阅读说明：本技术 一种闪电强度测量装置及测量方法 (Lightning intensity measuring device and method ) 是由 何倩 刘忠悦 艾真珍 董千恒 李建勋 张雅男 于 2021-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种闪电强度测量装置及测量方法,包括：交变电源、平板天线、感应线圈、滤波电路和宽带调理放大电路、采样电路、FPGA内核和VGA信息显示模块；平板天线包括：两块相互平行且水平放置的铜板,用以接收变化的电场信号；感应线圈采集变化电场产生的磁场信号后输出微小电压信号；感应线圈依次连接滤波电路、宽带调理放大电路和采样电路,用于将滤除高频分量和放大的电压信号输入采样电路采集,将采样的电压信号传入FPGA内核进行处理,将处理好的电压数据通过VGA信息显示模块显示,交变电源用于提供模拟电压信号。本申请可根据不同阶段闪电的电、磁特征,测量大气电场的变化,由探测的雷电强度来反映高空雷电强度,从而进行监测和预防。(The invention discloses a lightning intensity measuring device and a lightning intensity measuring method, which comprise the following steps: the device comprises an alternating power supply, a flat antenna, an induction coil, a filter circuit, a broadband conditioning and amplifying circuit, a sampling circuit, an FPGA (field programmable gate array) kernel and a VGA information display module; the panel antenna includes: two copper plates which are parallel to each other and horizontally arranged are used for receiving the changed electric field signals; the induction coil collects a magnetic field signal generated by a changing electric field and then outputs a tiny voltage signal; the induction coil is sequentially connected with the filter circuit, the broadband conditioning amplifying circuit and the sampling circuit and used for inputting the filtered high-frequency component and the amplified voltage signal into the sampling circuit for collection, the sampled voltage signal is transmitted into the FPGA kernel for processing, the processed voltage data is displayed through the VGA information display module, and the alternating power supply is used for providing an analog voltage signal. The method and the device can measure the change of the atmospheric electric field according to the electric and magnetic characteristics of lightning in different stages, and reflect the high-altitude lightning intensity through the detected lightning intensity, so that monitoring and prevention are performed.)

1. A lightning intensity measurement device, comprising: the device comprises an alternating power supply, a flat antenna, an induction coil, a filter circuit, a broadband conditioning and amplifying circuit, a sampling circuit, an FPGA (field programmable gate array) kernel and a VGA information display module;

the panel antenna includes: two copper plates which are parallel to each other and horizontally arranged are used for receiving the changed electric field signals; the induction coil is arranged in the middle of the copper plate and outputs a tiny voltage signal after collecting a magnetic field signal generated by a changing electric field; the induction coil is sequentially connected with the filter circuit, the broadband conditioning amplifying circuit and the sampling circuit and used for inputting the filtered high-frequency component and the amplified voltage signal into the sampling circuit for collection, the sampled voltage signal is transmitted into the FPGA kernel for processing, the processed voltage data is displayed through the VGA information display module, and the alternating power supply is used for providing an analog voltage signal.

2. A lightning intensity measurement device according to claim 1, characterised in that the centre of the induction coil coincides with the centre of the two plate antennas and that the induction coil is arranged perpendicular to the two plate antennas.

3. A lightning intensity measurement device according to claim 1, characterised in that said filtering circuit uses a seven-order low pass filter, said broadband conditioning and amplifying circuit uses an OPA67 amplifier, and said sampling circuit 6 uses single-ended differential sampling and high-speed differential sampling.

4. A lightning intensity measuring method based on the lightning intensity measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a corresponding relation of strength values between an atmospheric electric field and an induction electric field of the panel antenna which are calibrated in advance;

step two: carrying out analog measurement and induction measurement according to a period: inputting analog input voltage between two polar plates of a panel antenna to generate an analog electric field, and processing an induced voltage signal of the analog electric field, which is generated by an induction coil, to obtain analog output voltage; carrying out linear fitting on a plurality of groups of data of the analog output voltage and the analog input voltage to obtain a measurement curve of the analog output voltage and the analog input voltage under the current environment;

stopping simulating the input voltage, autonomously acquiring an induction electric field in the current environment through the panel antenna, and processing an induction voltage signal generated by the induction electric field through the induction coil to obtain an induction output voltage;

step three: according to the analog output voltage and the analog input voltage measurement curve, substituting the induction output voltage into the measurement curve to obtain induction input voltage;

step four: and obtaining an induction electric field by inducing the input voltage, and obtaining the atmospheric electric field according to the corresponding relation of the strength values between the atmospheric electric field and the induction electric field of the panel antenna which are calibrated firstly.

5. A lightning intensity measurement method according to claim 4, characterised in that the specific step of obtaining a correspondence of intensity values between the pre-calibrated atmospheric electric field and the induced electric field of the panel antenna comprises:

before the device works formally, the atmospheric electric field intensity at the same position is measured by an existing atmospheric electric field instrument: firstly, zero point calibration is carried out on the device and an atmospheric electric field instrument, namely, the value b of the induced electric field intensity of the device when the high voltage source is 0V in a calibration device of the atmospheric electric field instrument, then curve fitting is carried out on the value b of the induced electric field intensity obtained by the atmospheric electric field instrument and the value b of the induced electric field intensity obtained by a panel antenna, and the proportional coefficient K of the intensity value between the atmospheric electric field and the induced electric field is obtained, so that the calibration curve is obtained:

E_{atmospheric electric field strength}=K·(E_{Measuring electric field intensity}+b)。

6. A lightning intensity measuring method according to claim 4, characterised in that in step two, said one period is 5 minutes, in the first 2s, an analogue input voltage is input every 0.1s, and an analogue output voltage is read after being processed by the FPGA module; the residual time of each period is used for induction measurement again, and an output induction voltage is collected every 1 s.

7. A lightning intensity measuring method according to claim 4, wherein the plate antennas are rectangular copper plates having a length of 32cm and a width of 22cm, the distance between the plate antennas is 38cm, and an analog input voltage inputted between the plate antennas is 8.3MHz, 0 to 15V, and a step size is 1V of an AC voltage signal; the diameter of the induction coil is 6.5cm, and the diameter of the induction coil is 30 turns of annular coils.

Technical Field

The invention discloses a lightning intensity measuring device and method, and relates to the technical field of atmospheric lightning intensity measurement.

Background

Thunder is a common weather phenomenon, before the thunder occurs, due to tearing of strong airflow and impact of ice crystals and water drops, cloud layers are charged greatly, opposite charges are induced between the lower cloud layers and the ground, and when the polarity is larger, energy is released in a lightning mode.

Physical effects such as high temperature, direct lightning strike, violent shock waves, strong electromagnetic radiation and the like generated during lightning can interfere and damage production and life of personnel safety, power supply systems, communication systems and the like, so that the lightning monitoring and early warning device is very important.

The lightning intensity (specifically, the lightning electric field intensity) is measured to have important significance to early warning, positioning and research of lightning phenomena, the traditional lightning measurement has the characteristics of poor anti-interference performance and low accuracy, the existing lightning intensity measurement is based on principles such as induced charge and circuit amplification, induced current generated by the release of the induced charge caused by the change of an electric field is in direct proportion to the variation of the electric field, therefore, the input current signal is integrated, and the variation of the obtained voltage signal is in direct proportion to the variation of the electric field.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the background technology, the invention provides a lightning intensity measuring device and method, which realize dynamic and real-time lightning monitoring and have wide application range.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a lightning intensity measurement apparatus comprising: the device comprises an alternating power supply, a flat antenna, an induction coil, a filter circuit, a broadband conditioning and amplifying circuit, a sampling circuit, an FPGA (field programmable gate array) kernel and a VGA information display module;

the panel antenna includes: two copper plates which are parallel to each other and horizontally arranged are used for receiving the changed electric field signals; the induction coil is arranged in the middle of the copper plate and outputs a tiny voltage signal after collecting a magnetic field signal generated by a changing electric field; the induction coil is sequentially connected with the filter circuit, the broadband conditioning amplifying circuit and the sampling circuit and used for inputting the filtered high-frequency component and the amplified voltage signal into the sampling circuit for collection, the sampling circuit can adopt single-ended conversion difference and high-speed difference sampling and transmits the sampled voltage signal into the FPGA kernel for processing, the FPGA kernel adopts a MicroBlaze embedded soft kernel, the processed voltage data is displayed through the VGA information display module, and the alternating power supply is used for providing an analog voltage signal.

Furthermore, the center of the induction coil is superposed with the centers of the two panel antennas, and the induction coil is perpendicular to the two panel antennas.

Furthermore, the filter circuit adopts a seven-order low-pass filter, because the output voltage at two ends of the induction coil is small and certain high-frequency components exist, the seven-order low-pass filter is designed to realize the function of filtering the high-frequency components; the broadband conditioning amplifying circuit adopts an OPA657 amplifier, and the voltage is amplified by the syntropy proportion amplifying circuit, so that the voltage change is more obvious.

A lightning intensity measurement method comprising the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a corresponding relation of strength values between an atmospheric electric field and an induction electric field of the panel antenna which are calibrated in advance;

step two: carrying out analog measurement and induction measurement according to a period: inputting analog input voltage between two polar plates of a panel antenna to generate an analog electric field, and processing an induced voltage signal of the analog electric field, which is generated by an induction coil, to obtain analog output voltage; carrying out linear fitting on a plurality of groups of data of the analog output voltage and the analog input voltage to obtain a measurement curve of the analog output voltage and the analog input voltage under the current environment;

stopping inputting the analog input voltage, the panel antenna automatically acquires an induced electric field in the current environment, and when a lightning electric field vertical to the metal plate with the area of S changes, induced charges delta Q = delta E.S.epsilon_r

Where Δ Q is the change in charge induced on the panel antenna upon the occurrence of a lightning and Δ E is the electric field strength between the panel antennasDegree change, S is the area of the panel antenna, ε_rThe device has the advantages that the dielectric constant of the environment of the device is constant, a variable electric field is generated between the panel antennas, a variable magnetic field is generated between the panel antennas by the variable electric field, the magnetic flux of the closed coil is changed by the generated variable magnetic field through the closed induction coil, a tiny induction voltage is generated, and an amplified output voltage value is obtained through a subsequent filtering and amplifying circuit.

Step three: according to the analog output voltage and the analog input voltage measurement curve, substituting the induction output voltage into the measurement curve to obtain induction input voltage;

step four: and obtaining an induction electric field by inducing the input voltage, and obtaining the atmospheric electric field according to the corresponding relation of the strength values between the atmospheric electric field and the induction electric field of the panel antenna which are calibrated firstly.

Further, the specific step of obtaining the corresponding relationship between the strength values of the pre-calibrated atmospheric electric field and the induction electric field of the panel antenna includes:

before the device formally works, the atmospheric electric field intensity is measured at the same position with an atmospheric electric field instrument which is widely used at present: firstly, zero point calibration is carried out on the device and an atmospheric electric field instrument, namely, the value b of the induced electric field intensity of the device when the high voltage source is 0V in a calibration device of the atmospheric electric field instrument, and then curve fitting is carried out according to the value of the atmospheric electric field intensity measured by the atmospheric electric field instrument and the value of the induced electric field intensity obtained by a panel antenna, so as to obtain the proportional coefficient K of the intensity value between the atmospheric electric field and the induced electric field.

Therefore, the calibration curve is:

E_{atmospheric electric field strength}=K·(E_{Measuring electric field intensity}+b)

Furthermore, the period is 5 minutes, in the first 2s process, analog input voltage is input every 0.1s, meanwhile, an analog output voltage is read through the FPGA module, and linear fitting is carried out on multiple groups of acquired analog output voltages and analog input voltages; the residual time of each period is used for induction measurement again, and an output induction voltage is collected every 1 s.

The simulation time is extremely short, and the frequency of the input signals can be controlled according to requirements, such as: inputting a signal every 0.1s and simultaneously acquiring a signal, or setting a shorter period to finish the following steps in a short time: inputting, acquiring, processing data and measuring a curve; in a period of 5 minutes, the simulation is completed firstly, then the measurement is automatically started, data is collected every 1s during the measurement and fed back to a background, after 5 minutes, the next period is started, the simulation is firstly carried out and then the measurement is carried out, and similarly, data is collected every 1s and fed back to the background. The method comprises the steps of carrying out self-adding signal simulation measurement and induction measurement once in a period of 5 minutes to obtain a measurement curve (aiming at finding out environmental data when lightning occurs and obtaining a measurement curve closest to the lightning occurring environment, so that the measurement is more accurate, and meanwhile, measuring parameters are corrected for calibrating for multiple times), and meanwhile, processed measurement curve information, temperature and humidity information and position information of each device can be transmitted back to a terminal and displayed on a VGA information display module.

Further, the flat antennas are rectangular copper plates with the length of 32cm and the width of 22cm, the distance between the flat antennas is 38cm, the analog input voltage input between the flat antennas is 8.3MHz and 0-15V, and the step length is 1V of alternating voltage signals; the diameter of the induction coil is 6.5cm, and the diameter of the induction coil is 30 turns of annular coils.

Has the advantages that: 1. the method and the device can measure the change of the atmospheric electric field according to the electric and magnetic characteristics of lightning in different stages, reflect the high-altitude lightning intensity according to the detected lightning intensity, and monitor and prevent according to monitoring data.

2. The invention utilizes the electromagnetic property of lightning, has higher accuracy, and can update the parameters of the device according to the change of the environment so as to improve the anti-interference performance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a filtering and amplifying circuit of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a measurement curve according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following describes the embodiments in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

The lightning simulation device is built by the patent, the assumed principles of electromagnetic induction and displacement current are applied, alternating current signals are input at two ends of a panel antenna to simulate the change of a lightning electric field, and the electric field intensity simulated according to the voltage applied to the center height between panels by an induction coil is positively correlated with the voltage applied to a bipolar plate E_{Analogue (or measuring) input}=U_{Analogue (or measuring) input}D (d is the distance between the flat antennas), the induced voltage output by the induction coil is positively correlated with the voltage applied by the two pole plates U_{Analogue (or measured) output}∝U_{Analogue (or measuring) input}And applying the experimental conclusion to device improvement.

As shown in fig. 1-2, a lightning intensity measuring device includes: the device comprises an alternating power supply 9, a flat antenna 2, an induction coil 3, a filter circuit 4, a broadband conditioning and amplifying circuit 5, a sampling circuit 6, an FPGA (field programmable gate array) core 7 and a VGA information display module 8;

the panel antenna 2 includes: the two copper plates are parallel to each other and horizontally arranged and used for receiving a variable electric field signal, and the copper plates are fixed through a fixing bracket 1; the induction coil 3 is arranged in the middle of the copper plate, and the induction coil 3 outputs a tiny voltage signal after collecting a magnetic field signal generated by a changing electric field; the induction coil 3 is sequentially connected with the filter circuit 4, the broadband conditioning amplifying circuit 5 and the sampling circuit 6, is used for inputting filtered high-frequency components and amplified voltage signals into the sampling circuit 6 for collection, transmits the sampled voltage signals into the FPGA kernel 7 for processing, displays the processed voltage data through the VGA information display module 8, and the alternating power supply 9 is used for providing analog voltage signals.

The embodiment further provides that: the device comprises a remote data transmission module, a Beidou positioning module 10 and a temperature and humidity sensor 11; the Beidou module positions the position (or area) where lightning occurs, the remote data transmission module realizes remote data transmission and real-time monitoring, the temperature and humidity sensor 11 collects environmental data when lightning occurs, and the processed lightning data and other information are displayed to the terminal through the VGA.

In the embodiment, the amplified sampling data is transmitted into an FPGA (field programmable gate array) core 7 to be processed (MicroBlaze embedded soft core), meanwhile, the position (or area) information of lightning occurrence is positioned by a Beidou positioning module 10 (Beidou positioning module SKG 09D) and transmitted into a core, the environmental data generated when the lightning occurrence is collected by a temperature and humidity sensor 11 (temperature and humidity sensor HTU 31D) is transmitted into the core, remote transmission of remote data and real-time monitoring are realized through a remote data transmission module, and the processed lightning data and other information are displayed to a terminal through a VGA.

The center of the induction coil 3 is superposed with the centers of the two panel antennas 2, and the induction coil 3 is perpendicular to the two panel antennas 2.

As shown in fig. 3, the filter circuit 4 adopts a seven-order low-pass filter, the wideband conditioning and amplifying circuit 5 adopts an OPA67 amplifier, the OPA657 is an operational amplifier with stable unity gain, ultra-wideband and voltage feedback, the unity gain bandwidth product of the operational amplifier can reach 1.6GHz, the input bias current is as low as 2pA, the output current is high, the voltage noise is low, the power supply range is ± 5V, and the operational amplifier is suitable for being used as a front stage of the amplifying circuit 5, where L in fig. 3₁-L₃，C₂~C₅Constitute a low-pass filter circuit 4, OPA657 and R₅、R₆An in-phase proportional amplifying circuit 5 is formed; the sampling circuit 6 adopts single-ended differential sampling and high-speed differential sampling, current sampling is performed by converting a current signal into a voltage signal through a small resistor (between about a few milliohms and tens of milliohms), and a typical differential amplification principle is applied, wherein the amplification effect is mainly realized by a resistor element.

Example two:

carry out the actual measurement with this device setting under corresponding environment when the thunder and lightning takes place:

a lightning intensity measurement method comprising the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: placing a rectangular copper plate 1 with the length of 32cm and the width of 22cm and a rectangular copper plate 2 up and down, enabling the rectangular copper plate 1 and the rectangular copper plate 2 to be parallel and opposite, fixing the plate height to be 38cm, enabling the centers of 30-turn annular coils with the diameter of 6.5cm to be overlapped with the centers of the two parallel plates, and enabling the distance between the plate 1 and the plate 2 to be 19cm and fixing; the induction coil is connected with a filter circuit, a broadband conditioning and amplifying circuit, a sampling circuit and a VGA information display module in sequence,

step two: analog measurement and induction measurement are carried out according to a period, wherein the period is 5 minutes, in the first 2s process, analog input voltage is input every 0.1s, and simultaneously, an analog output voltage is read through a VGA information display module; the residual time of each period is used for induction measurement, and one output induction voltage of the VGA information display module is read every 1 s;

according to E = U/d, inputting an alternating voltage signal of 8.3MHz, 0-15V and 1V step length between two polar plates of a panel antenna, simulating an electric field signal with the electric field intensity of 0-39.4736V/m by using the voltage of 0-15V, and inputting a simulated input voltage every 0.1s in the process of simulation measurement;

step three: in the process of analog measurement, an induced voltage signal of an analog electric field, which is generated by an induction coil, is filtered and amplified, and the processed sampling data is transmitted to an FPGA kernel for processing to obtain an analog output voltage; obtaining corresponding 20 output data, and performing linear fitting on the 20 input and output data to obtain a measurement curve in the current environment; the measurement curve is shown in fig. 4, for example: one measurement curve function fitted is: u shape_{Analog output}=0.00327U_{Analog input}+0.00076；

Step four: in the process of induction measurement; stopping inputting the analog input voltage, autonomously acquiring an induction electric field in the current environment through the panel antenna, and processing an induction voltage signal generated by the induction electric field through the induction coil to obtain an induction output voltage; by sensing the input voltage E_{Analog input (or measurement)}=U_{Analog input (or measurement)}And d (d is the distance between the panel antennas) to obtain an induction electric field, and then obtaining the atmospheric electric field according to the corresponding relation of the strength values between the atmospheric electric field and the induction electric field of the panel antennas which are calibrated firstly.

Calibration: before the device formally works, the atmospheric electric field intensity is measured at the same position with an atmospheric electric field instrument which is widely used at present: firstly, zero point calibration is carried out on the device and an atmospheric electric field instrument, namely, the value b of the induced electric field intensity of the device when the high voltage source is 0V in a calibration device of the atmospheric electric field instrument, and then curve fitting is carried out according to the value of the atmospheric electric field intensity measured by the atmospheric electric field instrument and the value of the induced electric field intensity obtained by a panel antenna, so as to obtain the proportional coefficient K of the intensity value between the atmospheric electric field and the induced electric field.

Therefore, the calibration curve is:

E_{atmospheric electric field strength}=K·(E_{Measuring electric field intensity}+b)

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.