阅读说明：本技术 一种槭叶铁线莲播种栽培基质 (Acer mono Maxim leaf clematis seeding culture medium ) 是由 刘冬云 李明阳 殷小娟 刘彦泽 王鑫 张江 李辉 田琳 于 2021-09-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种槭叶铁线莲播种栽培基质,涉及栽培技术领域,所述栽培基质自下至上包括基岩层、植根层和覆盖层；所述基岩层厚度＞10cm,由石灰岩、珍珠岩和轻石组成,且体积配比为石灰岩：(珍珠岩+轻石)＝1:1,其中珍珠岩与轻石为任意比；所述植根层厚度为0.5～1cm,由椰糠、珍珠岩、轻石和奥绿肥318s组成,且体积配比为椰糠：(珍珠岩+轻石)：奥绿肥318s＝56:56:1,其中珍珠岩与轻石为任意比；所述覆盖层厚度为0.5～1cm,由石灰岩碎屑组成。本发明播种栽培基质,显著提高了种子的发芽率、成活率,能够加快其生长速度,在其第一年就能达到8-15枚真叶的生长量,植株规格堪比野外4-5年个体,同时缩短了开花时间,播种一年苗在次年春天有少量开花,较之野外个体开花时间缩短至少4年。(The invention discloses a seeding and cultivating substrate for clematis acer leaf, which relates to the technical field of cultivation, and comprises a basal rock layer, a root planting layer and a covering layer from bottom to top; the thickness of the bed rock layer is more than 10cm, the bed rock layer is composed of limestone, perlite and pumice, and the volume ratio is limestone: (perlite + pumice) 1:1, wherein the ratio of perlite to pumice is arbitrary; the thickness of the root planting layer is 0.5-1 cm, the root planting layer is composed of coconut coir, perlite, pumice and oclain fertilizer 318s, and the volume ratio is coconut coir: (perlite + pumice): oclaite 318s is 56:56:1, wherein the ratio of perlite to pumice is arbitrary; the thickness of the covering layer is 0.5-1 cm and the covering layer is composed of limestone chips. The sowing culture medium provided by the invention has the advantages that the germination rate and the survival rate of seeds are obviously improved, the growth speed of the seeds can be accelerated, the growth amount of 8-15 true leaves can be reached in the first year, the plant specification is comparable to that of a field individual for 4-5 years, the flowering time is shortened, a seedling blooms a little in the next spring of one year after sowing, and the flowering time is shortened by at least 4 years compared with that of the field individual.)

1. The planting and cultivating substrate for the clematis maple is characterized by comprising a basal rock layer, a root planting layer and a covering layer from bottom to top;

the thickness of the bed rock layer is more than 10cm, the bed rock layer is composed of limestone, perlite and pumice, and the volume ratio is limestone: (perlite + pumice) 1:1, wherein the ratio of perlite to pumice is arbitrary;

the thickness of the root planting layer is 0.5-1 cm, the root planting layer is composed of coconut coir, perlite, pumice and oclain fertilizer 318s, and the volume ratio is coconut coir: (perlite + pumice): oclaite 318s is 56:56:1, wherein the ratio of perlite to pumice is arbitrary;

the thickness of the covering layer is 0.5-1 cm and the covering layer is composed of limestone chips.

2. The clematis maple seeding culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of perlite to pumice in the base layer and the root layer is 1: 1.

3. The seeding and cultivating substrate for clematis maple according to claim 1, wherein the granularity of limestone, perlite and pumice in the cultivating substrate is 3-8 mm.

4. The seeding and cultivating substrate of clematis maple according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the basement layer is 0.8cm and the thickness of the covering layer is 0.5 cm.

5. The method for using the seeding and cultivating substrate for clematis maple as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:

(1) soil is prepared and disinfected in the sequence from bottom to top;

(2) sowing acer mono seed between the covering layer and the root layer, and watering thoroughly;

(3) covering with film for keeping moisture, and shading for germination.

6. The use of claim 5 wherein the disinfection is a 500-fold carbendazim solution.

7. The use method according to claim 5, wherein the humidity of the culture medium is controlled to 40-70% in the step (3), and the shading rate is 90% when shading and sprouting.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a seeding and cultivating substrate for clematis acer.

Background

The clematis plant has important economic value and is a commonly used medicinal plant in China all the time, and various plants under the clematis plant can play the roles of analgesia, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and the like. In recent years, research on compounds of the compounds shows that the compounds contain triterpenoid saponin, flavone, lignan and other components. The iron wire lotus plant flower and fruit has beautiful shape and strong adaptability, is an excellent vertical greening plant, is one of landscape flowers commonly used at home and abroad, is commonly used for flower walls and flower columns in garden application, is also an indispensable excellent plant variety for building landscape in vertical space, and has extremely high gardening and ornamental values.

The clematis plant is a beautiful name of 'vine queen', but most clematis varieties have poor performance in garden application in northern areas, because most varieties are sourced from Europe and America, the heat resistance is poor, and the clematis plant adapting to the northern environment is introduced and utilized less, so that further cultivation into potted flowers cannot be realized.

The clematis aethiopica is a perennial erect shrub of clematis, is specially produced in Beijing, grows in cliff of limestone, is difficult to introduce due to a special habitat, and is difficult to obtain seedlings during seed reproduction.

Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is to provide the artificial sowing culture medium for the clematis maple.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a seeding and cultivating substrate for clematis maple. The seeding culture medium can promote the germination rate and survival rate of the acer mono-leaf clematis under artificial cultivation, and makes artificial introduction and cultivation of the acer mono-leaf clematis possible.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the acer mono seeding culture medium comprises a basal rock layer, a root layer and a covering layer from bottom to top;

the thickness of the bed rock layer is more than 10cm, the bed rock layer is composed of limestone, perlite and pumice, and the volume ratio is limestone: (perlite + pumice) 1:1, wherein the ratio of perlite to pumice is arbitrary;

the thickness of the root planting layer is 0.5-1 cm, the root planting layer is composed of coconut coir, perlite, pumice and oclain fertilizer 318s, and the volume ratio is coconut coir: (perlite + pumice): oclaite 318s is 56:56:1, wherein the ratio of perlite to pumice is arbitrary;

the thickness of the covering layer is 0.5-1 cm and the covering layer is composed of limestone chips.

Has the advantages that: the culture medium contains a large amount of limestone which is high in calcium and weak in alkaline, can simulate the original habitat of the clematis maple, and is good in water permeability and air permeability; the root planting layers such as coconut coir and ultragreen manure 318s are matched to provide a proper germination environment and nutrition requirements for the clematis maple, sufficient moisture is needed in the initial germination stage of the clematis maple seeds, the coconut coir stores the moisture for the seeds and provides a proper root-planting environment for the roots of the clematis maple seeds, and the rest components of the root planting layers are granular, so that the culture medium has good air permeability and excellent water drainage capacity to match the growth habit of drought and moisture tolerance. The germination rate, survival rate and flowering rate of seeds can be obviously improved by using the culture medium to sow clematis maple.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the volume ratio of the perlite to the pumice in the basement rock layer and the root zone is 1: 1.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the granularity of limestone, perlite and pumice in the culture medium is 3-8 mm. More preferably, the limestone, perlite and pumice have a particle size of 3-6 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the bedrock layer is 0.8cm, and the thickness of the cover layer is 0.5 cm.

The invention also provides a use method of the acer leaf clematis seeding culture medium, which comprises the following steps:

(1) soil is prepared and disinfected in the sequence from bottom to top;

(2) sowing acer mono seed between the covering layer and the root layer, and watering thoroughly;

(3) covering with film for keeping moisture, and shading for germination.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the disinfection is to disinfect the culture substrate by using 500 times of carbendazim solution.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the humidity of the culture medium is controlled to be 40-70% in the step (3), the shading rate is 90% during shading and sprouting, and the acer mono-cauliflower seedlings are protected from being burnt.

Through the technical scheme, the invention discloses and provides a seeding culture medium for clematis maple and a using method thereof. Compared with the prior art, the germination rate of wild acer maple leaf clematis seeds is extremely low, the seeds grow very slowly after germination, only one pair of true leaves can grow in the first year at most, the growth amount of the seeds in the next years is mostly one to two pairs of true leaves, and the seeds can bloom after 5 to 8 years. The sowing culture medium provided by the invention has the advantages that the germination rate and the survival rate of seeds are obviously improved, the growth speed of the seeds can be accelerated, the growth amount of 8-15 true leaves can be reached in the first year, the plant specification is comparable to that of a field individual for 4-5 years, the flowering time is shortened, a seedling blooms a little in the next spring of one year after sowing, and the flowering time is shortened by at least 4 years compared with that of the field individual.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the germination of clematis maple in a seeding culture medium according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of flower blooming of clematis maple in a seeding culture medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Maple leaf clematis seeding culture medium:

the artificial wetland comprises a basal rock layer, a root planting layer and a covering layer from bottom to top;

wherein the thickness of the bedrock layer is 18cm, the bedrock layer is composed of limestone, perlite and pumice, and the volume ratio is limestone: (perlite + pumice) is 1:1, wherein the volume ratio of perlite to pumice is 1: 1;

the thickness of the root planting layer is 0.8cm, the root planting layer consists of coconut coir, perlite, pumice and oclaite fertilizer 318s, and the volume ratio is coconut coir: (perlite + pumice): the ocp 318s is 56:56:1, wherein the volume ratio of the perlite to the pumice is 1: 1;

the covering layer is 0.5cm thick and consists of limestone chips;

the granularity of limestone, perlite and pumice used in the matrix is 3-6 mm.

The use method of the culture medium comprises the following steps:

after the soil is matched, the cultivation substrate is disinfected by 500 times of carbendazim solution. Placing the seeds of clematis aethiopica under the covering layer by using tweezers, planting the surface of the root layer, watering, then covering a film to preserve moisture, controlling the humidity of the culture medium to be 40-70%, and placing the seeds under a shady shed with the shading rate of 90% for germination for 9-14 days, and referring to the attached figure 1.

The acer mono leaf clematis maintenance management method comprises the following steps:

removing the film after seedlings germinate, and watering twice a day in a shady shed with the shading rate of 90 percent to ensure that the matrix is moist. After the true leaves start to grow, the seedlings are moved to an environment with illumination intensity of 4000-. In the first year of maintenance management, the concentration of the water-soluble fertilizer is not more than 4000 times of the concentration of the water-soluble fertilizer, otherwise, the seedlings are burned and die.

And (3) dividing plants with good growth conditions into plants and putting the plants into pots at the end of 2 months in the next year, wherein peat is selected as a matrix: limestone: perlite is 1: 2: 2, watering thoroughly after potting, placing in an outdoor environment with 70% shade, watering thoroughly after outdoor soil is thawed, and watering thoroughly once a week, wherein the flowering condition is shown in figure 2.

Comparative example 1

Maple leaf clematis seeding culture medium:

consists of red jade soil and deer marsh soil with the volume ratio of 1: 1.

The use method of the culture medium comprises the following steps:

after the soil preparation is finished, the soil preparation is disinfected by 500 times of carbendazim. Placing seeds of clematis aethiopica with tweezers below the surface of the matrix by 0.5-1 cm, then covering a film for moisturizing, and placing the film in a shady shed with a shading rate of 90% for sprouting.

The method for maintaining and managing clematis acer is the same as that in example 1.

Comparative example 2

Maple leaf clematis seeding culture medium:

comprises a root planting layer and a covering layer from bottom to top; the rooting layer consists of coconut chaff, perlite and pumice in a volume ratio of 2:1:1, and the thickness of the rooting layer is 19 cm; the covering layer is limestone fragments and has a thickness of 1 cm.

The method of using the culture medium is the same as that of example 1.

The method for maintaining and managing clematis acer is the same as that in example 1.

Comparative example 3

Maple leaf clematis seeding culture medium:

the artificial wetland comprises a basal rock layer, a root planting layer and a covering layer from bottom to top;

wherein the bedrock layer consists of limestone, perlite and pumice with the volume ratio of 2:1: 1; the root planting layer consists of peat, perlite and pumice with the volume ratio of 2:1: 1; the overburden is composed of limestone chips;

and the thicknesses of the basement layer, the planted layer and the covering layer are 16cm, 3cm and 1cm respectively.

The method of using the culture medium is the same as that of example 1.

The method for maintaining and managing clematis acer is the same as that in example 1.

Comparative example 4

Maple leaf clematis seeding culture medium:

the artificial wetland comprises a basal rock layer, a root planting layer and a covering layer from bottom to top;

wherein the thickness of the bedrock layer is 18cm, and the bedrock layer consists of limestone, perlite and pumice with the volume ratio of 2:1: 1; the 0.8cm root planting layer consists of coconut chaff, perlite, pumice and oclaite 318s with the volume ratio of 7:28:28: 2; the overburden was 0.5cm and consisted of limestone fines.

The method of using the culture medium is the same as that of example 1.

The method for maintaining and managing clematis acer is the same as that in example 1.

Comparative example 5

Maple leaf clematis seeding culture medium:

the artificial wetland comprises a basal rock layer, a root planting layer and a covering layer from bottom to top;

wherein the thickness of the bedrock layer is 17cm, and the bedrock layer consists of limestone, perlite and pumice with the volume ratio of 2:1: 1; the thickness of the root planting layer is 2cm, and the root planting layer consists of coconut coir, perlite, pumice and ultramarine fertilizer 318s according to the ratio of 56:28:28: 1; the covering layer is 1cm thick and is composed of limestone chips.

The method of using the culture medium is the same as that of example 1.

The method for maintaining and managing clematis acer is the same as that in example 1.

Effect example 1

Statistics were made on the cultivation results of the above example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 5, and the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

In a wild environment, the clematis acer can naturally generate a large number of seeds, but wild naturally-germinated seedlings are few, only the seeds falling to a shallow recess of the cliff wall or a cliff joint crack have an opportunity to germinate, the seeds grow very slowly after germination, only one pair of true leaves can grow at most in the first year, most of the seeds grow in one to two pairs of true leaves in the next years, and the seeds can bloom after 5-8 years. The research screens out the optimal culture medium through artificial sowing, can accelerate the growth speed of the culture medium, can reach the growth amount of 8-15 true leaves in the first year, has the plant specification which is 4-5 years individual compared with the field, simultaneously shortens the flowering time, and shortens the flowering time by at least 4 years when the seedling is sowed for one year and a little blooms in the next spring compared with the field individual.

The research can provide important reference for the development and utilization of the acer mono-eleutherine, simultaneously provides a proper method for the allopatric protection of the endangered plant acer mono-eleutherine, and the propagated seedlings can also provide help for the subsequent reconstruction of acer mono-eleutherine population.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.