阅读说明：本技术 一种彩色花油菜的育种方法和种植方法 (Breeding method and planting method of colored flower rape ) 是由 程辉 王军威 柳菁 甄才红 李齐干 金开美 宋晓华 余明慧 胡建涛 张顺 柳世君 于 2021-06-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种彩色花油菜的育种方法和种植方法,具体涉及彩色花油菜育种技术领域,包括步骤一、在第一年利用自育的红、橙、紫、粉、白、黄六大色系的油菜花为材料相互成对杂交,北繁加代F1自交收取F2种子,或F1单株进行小孢子培养获得DH群体；对自育的蓝紫色的彩花油菜材料进行紫外线诱变照射,北繁加代对诱变群体进行花色定向选择,主要挑选花色偏蓝的单株套袋自交。本发明通过利用自育的红、橙、紫、粉、白、黄等六大色系的油菜花为材料进行相互成对杂交、紫外线诱变及远缘杂交等构建彩花油菜遗传分离群体或者DH群体,选育出3-5个花朵大、色泽艳、花型优美的优异的彩花油菜种子资源或品系；创制出1-2个蓝色或偏蓝色的彩花油菜种子资源。(The invention discloses a breeding method and a planting method of colorful rape, in particular to the technical field of colorful rape breeding, which comprises the following steps of firstly, utilizing self-bred rape flowers of six self-bred color lines of red, orange, purple, pink, white and yellow as materials to mutually hybridize in pairs in the first year, and carrying out northern propagation generation-adding F1 selfing to collect F2 seeds or carrying out microspore culture on F1 single plants to obtain a DH colony; ultraviolet mutagenesis irradiation is carried out on the self-bred blue-purple colored rape material, the northern propagation generation adding is carried out to carry out the oriented selection of the flower color of the mutagenized colony, and the single plant with blue flower color is mainly selected to be bagged for selfing. The invention constructs a rape genetic segregation population or DH population by utilizing self-bred rape flowers of six major color systems of red, orange, purple, pink, white, yellow and the like as materials to carry out mutual pairwise hybridization, ultraviolet mutagenesis, distant hybridization and the like, and breeds 3-5 excellent rape seed resources or strains with large flowers, bright color and beautiful flower types; creating 1-2 blue or blue colored rape seed resources.)

1. A breeding method of colored rape is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:

step one, rape flowers of six self-bred red, orange, purple, pink, white and yellow major color lines are used as materials to be mutually hybridized in pairs in the first year to obtain F1 seeds, F1 is bred in the north breeding generation to obtain F2 seeds, or F1 single plants are subjected to microspore culture to obtain a DH colony; carrying out ultraviolet mutagenesis irradiation on a self-bred blue-purple colored rape material to obtain a sufficient amount of mutagenized populations, carrying out color directional selection on the mutagenized populations by north propagation and generation addition, and mainly selecting single plants with blue or blue colors for bagging and selfing; distant hybridization is carried out on radish, orychophragmus violaceus, violet and blueflower seeds in brassica closely related species of cruciferae and a self-bred bluish purple rape material to obtain intergeneric distant hybrid F1 seeds, the north breeding generation adding is carried out to carry out color selection on the F1 distant hybrid, and single plants with blue or blue flower colors are selected and bagged for selfing;

step two, bagging and selfing the obtained excellent colored rape seed resources with large flowers, bright colors and beautiful patterns in the second year for homozygosis, or carrying out microspore culture on the seeds to obtain a DH line, bagging and breeding to obtain a DH1 population, and carrying out rapid homozygosis; bagging and selfing the individual plants with blue or blue flowers obtained from the mutagenized population, or culturing the individual plants with microspores to obtain a DH line, bagging and propagating to obtain a DH1 population, and performing quick homozygosis; constructing a segregation population with a larger sample population for single plants with bluish or blue flower colors obtained from distant hybridization populations so as to screen out plants with bluish or blue color, wherein the agronomic characters of the gene recombination plants are inclined to the rape characters, and the negative effect of distant genes on the bred rape materials with the bluish or blue flower colors is reduced as much as possible;

step three, carrying out continuous bagging selfing homozygosis on the obtained excellent colored rape seed resources with large flowers, bright colors and beautiful patterns by carrying out northern propagation generation-adding in the third year, or carrying out microspore culture on the seeds to obtain a DH line, and carrying out bagging propagation to obtain a DH1 population for quick homozygosis; detecting and analyzing metabolites and secondary metabolites of the obtained plants with blue or blue colors so as to obtain rape materials of blue flowers or blue flowers with delphinidin in petals;

and step four, testing and demonstrating the excellent new colored rape line with large flowers, bright color and beautiful flower type or the blue flower or blue flower containing delphinidin obtained in the third year.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the first step, a 15W ultraviolet sterilization lamp is adopted for ultraviolet mutagenesis, the distance between a lamp with the wavelength of 253-.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the third step, it is necessary to summarize and count the correlation, color complementarity and genetic rule between different colors.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the north propagation in the first step, the second step and the third step refers to the propagation process exceeding the propagation period and the propagation quantity of the species per se, and can be achieved only by applying certain technical means such as artificial pollination or insemination under the condition of manual intervention.

5. A method for planting colored rape flowers is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:

step one, selecting 2000 mu of field as a rape landscape zone, and dividing the rape landscape zone into 7 different areas;

and step two, planting red, orange, purple, pink, white, yellow and blue rapes in 7 different divided areas in sequence, designing different patterns on the selected field, and filling the designed patterns with rape flowers of different colors so as to increase the ornamental value of the colored rape flowers.

6. The method for planting colored rape as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the planting steps of the colorful rape flowers are as follows:

s1, land selection and preparation: soil is turned over once on the selected field, so that soil hardening is avoided, and water is poured once before planting;

s2, sowing: scattering rape flower seeds in the land at certain intervals;

s3, planting management: when the seedlings of the rape flowers grow to about 20cm, weeding is carried out to prevent weeds from absorbing nutrients in soil, a fertilizer is applied for one time, urea is mainly applied, a fertilizer is applied for one time when the seedlings grow to about 40cm, and the fertilizer is applied by using farmyard manure.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of colorful rape breeding, in particular to a breeding method and a planting method of colorful rape.

Background

Rape is the most important oil crop in China, is planted in rural areas in various places, can increase the income of farmers and improve the soil structure by planting rape, and can facilitate sealed pollination of rape flowers, thereby promoting the development of the bee-keeping industry. In addition, the rape flower with large area also has extremely high ornamental value. However, most of the traditional rape flowers are yellow, and more farmers are researching the planting of colored rape flowers in order to improve the ornamental value of the rape flowers.

The flower color is one of the important traits of the rape, is slightly influenced by the environment, has stable heredity and intuitive phenotype, and is used as a marker trait in breeding. Among the three natural diploids of brassica, chinese cabbage and brassica napus with a genome a mainly develop yellow flowers (very few white flowers), black mustard (brassicanigla) with B genome also develops yellow flowers, and cabbage and varieties with C genome have yellow flowers or white flower types. Of the three natural allotetraploids, brassica napus (b.napus, AACC) and brassica juncea (b.juncea, AABB) primarily dehiscent daylily (very few open flowers), while the eruca sativa (b.carinata, BBCC) has daylily and white flower types. The cabbage type rape with white flower can be artificially synthesized by hybridization of yellow day cabbage, Chinese cabbage type rape and white flower cabbage. Correspondingly, the reported rape flower color is only yellow, white and derivative flower colors in the middle, so the rape flower color is single. Therefore, the rape of safflower or purple flower can be cultivated by distant hybridization, the ornamental value of rape flower is enhanced, and the economic value of rape is improved.

However, in the prior art, no report of any blue-purple or blue rape flowers is available, and excellent rape seed resources with large flowers, bright colors and beautiful patterns are lacking at home and abroad currently.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the invention provides a breeding method and a planting method of colored rape, which are characterized in that 3-5 excellent colored rape seed resources or strains with large flowers, bright color and beautiful flower types are bred by constructing a colored rape genetic segregation population or a DH population by utilizing self-bred red, orange, purple, pink, white, yellow and other six-color-line rape flowers as materials through mutual pairwise hybridization, ultraviolet mutagenesis, distant hybridization and the like; 1-2 blue or bluish colored rape seed resources are created to solve the problems of the prior art that bluish purple and blue colored rape flowers are lacked, and excellent colored rape with large flowers, bright colors and beautiful patterns is lacked.

In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: a breeding method of colored rape comprises the following steps:

step one, rape flowers of six self-bred red, orange, purple, pink, white and yellow major color lines are used as materials to be mutually hybridized in pairs in the first year to obtain F1 seeds, F1 is bred in the north breeding generation to obtain F2 seeds, or F1 single plants are subjected to microspore culture to obtain a DH colony; carrying out ultraviolet mutagenesis irradiation on a self-bred blue-purple colored rape material to obtain a sufficient amount of mutagenized populations, carrying out color directional selection on the mutagenized populations by north propagation and generation addition, and mainly selecting single plants with blue or blue colors for bagging and selfing; distant hybridization is carried out on radish, orychophragmus violaceus, violet and blueflower seeds in brassica closely related species of cruciferae and a self-bred bluish purple rape material to obtain intergeneric distant hybrid F1 seeds, the north breeding generation adding is carried out to carry out color selection on the F1 distant hybrid, and single plants with blue or blue flower colors are selected and bagged for selfing;

step two, bagging and selfing the obtained excellent colored rape seed resources with large flowers, bright colors and beautiful patterns in the second year for homozygosis, or carrying out microspore culture on the seeds to obtain a DH line, bagging and breeding to obtain a DH1 population, and carrying out rapid homozygosis; bagging and selfing the individual plants with blue or blue flowers obtained from the mutagenized population, or culturing the individual plants with microspores to obtain a DH line, bagging and propagating to obtain a DH1 population, and performing quick homozygosis; constructing a segregation population with a larger sample population for single plants with bluish or blue flower colors obtained from distant hybridization populations so as to screen out plants with bluish or blue color, wherein the agronomic characters of the gene recombination plants are inclined to the rape characters, and the negative effect of distant genes on the bred rape materials with the bluish or blue flower colors is reduced as much as possible;

step three, carrying out continuous bagging selfing homozygosis on the obtained excellent colored rape seed resources with large flowers, bright colors and beautiful patterns by carrying out northern propagation generation-adding in the third year, or carrying out microspore culture on the seeds to obtain a DH line, and carrying out bagging propagation to obtain a DH1 population for quick homozygosis; detecting and analyzing metabolites and secondary metabolites of the obtained plants with blue or blue colors so as to obtain rape materials of blue flowers or blue flowers with delphinidin in petals;

and step four, testing and demonstrating the excellent new colored rape line with large flowers, bright color and beautiful flower type or the blue flower or blue flower containing delphinidin obtained in the third year.

Further, in the step one, a 15W ultraviolet germicidal lamp is adopted for ultraviolet mutagenesis, the distance between a lamp with the wavelength of 253-.

Further, in the third step, it is necessary to summarize and count the correlation, color complementarity and genetic rule among different colors.

Furthermore, the north propagation in the first step, the second step and the third step refers to the propagation process beyond the propagation period and the propagation number of the species, and can be achieved only by applying certain technical means such as artificial pollination or insemination under the condition of manual intervention.

A method for planting colored rape flowers comprises the following steps:

step one, selecting 2000 mu of field as a rape landscape zone, and dividing the rape landscape zone into 7 different areas;

and step two, planting red, orange, purple, pink, white, yellow and blue rapes in 7 different divided areas in sequence, designing different patterns on the selected field, and filling the designed patterns with rape flowers of different colors so as to increase the ornamental value of the colored rape flowers.

Further, in the second step, the planting steps of the colorful rape flowers are as follows:

s1, land selection and preparation: soil is turned over once on the selected field, so that soil hardening is avoided, and water is poured once before planting;

s2, sowing: scattering rape flower seeds in the land at certain intervals;

s3, planting management: when the seedlings of the rape flowers grow to about 20cm, weeding is carried out to prevent weeds from absorbing nutrients in soil, a fertilizer is applied for one time, urea is mainly applied, a fertilizer is applied for one time when the seedlings grow to about 40cm, and the fertilizer is applied by using farmyard manure.

The invention has the following advantages:

1. the invention constructs a rape genetic segregation population or DH population by utilizing self-bred rape flowers of six major color systems of red, orange, purple, pink, white, yellow and the like as materials to carry out mutual pairwise hybridization, ultraviolet mutagenesis, distant hybridization and the like, and breeds 3-5 excellent rape seed resources or strains with large flowers, bright color and beautiful flower types; 1-2 blue or blue colored rape seed resources are created, and compared with the prior art, the blue rape flowers cultivated by the method have higher ornamental value;

2. the invention obtains enough mutagenic groups by carrying out ultraviolet mutagenic irradiation on the self-cultured blue-purple colored flower rape material, and then carries out flower color directional selection on the mutagenic groups by north propagation generation adding so as to obtain the colored flower rape material with longer flowering phase, larger flower, more gorgeous flower color and more elegant and magnificent flower color;

3. according to the invention, 2000 mu of field is selected as the rape landscape zone, rape flowers with different colors are planted in the rape landscape zone, the rape flowers are designed into different patterns, and the cultivated colorful rape flowers are popularized to each scenic spot, so that the colorful rape flowers can be combined with tourism industry, and the economic value of the invention is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.

The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.

FIG. 1 is a technical roadmap provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bag for breeding colorful rape;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a red light bulb for red light illumination provided by the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to the attached figures 1-3 of the specification, the breeding method of the colorful rape of the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:

step one, rape flowers of six self-bred red, orange, purple, pink, white and yellow major color lines are used as materials to be mutually hybridized in pairs in the first year to obtain F1 seeds, F1 is bred in the north breeding generation to obtain F2 seeds, or F1 single plants are subjected to microspore culture to obtain a DH colony; carrying out ultraviolet mutagenesis irradiation on a self-bred blue-purple colored rape material to obtain a sufficient amount of mutagenized populations, carrying out color directional selection on the mutagenized populations by north propagation and generation addition, and mainly selecting single plants with blue or blue colors for bagging and selfing; distant hybridization is carried out on radish, orychophragmus violaceus, violet and blueflower seeds in brassica closely related species of cruciferae and a self-bred bluish purple rape material to obtain intergeneric distant hybrid F1 seeds, the north breeding generation adding is carried out to carry out color selection on the F1 distant hybrid, and single plants with blue or blue flower colors are selected and bagged for selfing;

wherein, the ultraviolet mutagenesis adopts a 15W ultraviolet germicidal lamp, the distance between a lamp with the wavelength of 253 and 265nm and the rape material is 30cm, the irradiation time is different according to the seedling situation and is generally from several seconds to dozens of minutes, the angle and the direction are required to be changed continuously during irradiation because the ultraviolet penetrating power is not strong, so that the whole plant body is uniformly irradiated, and the treatment during and after irradiation is carried out under a red lamp because the ultraviolet irradiation has a light revival effect, and is generally carried out once a day from the three-leaf stage to the five-leaf stage;

step two, bagging and selfing the obtained excellent colored rape seed resources with large flowers, bright colors and beautiful patterns in the second year for homozygosis, or carrying out microspore culture on the seeds to obtain a DH line, bagging and breeding to obtain a DH1 population, and carrying out rapid homozygosis; bagging and selfing the individual plants with blue or blue flowers obtained from the mutagenized population, or culturing the individual plants with microspores to obtain a DH line, bagging and propagating to obtain a DH1 population, and performing quick homozygosis; constructing a segregation population with a larger sample population for single plants with bluish or blue flower colors obtained from distant hybridization populations so as to screen out plants with bluish or blue color, wherein the agronomic characters of the gene recombination plants are inclined to the rape characters, and the negative effect of distant genes on the bred rape materials with the bluish or blue flower colors is reduced as much as possible;

step three, carrying out continuous bagging selfing homozygosis on the obtained excellent colored rape seed resources with large flowers, bright colors and beautiful patterns by carrying out northern propagation generation-adding in the third year, or carrying out microspore culture on the seeds to obtain a DH line, and carrying out bagging propagation to obtain a DH1 population for quick homozygosis; detecting and analyzing metabolites and secondary metabolites of the obtained plants with blue or blue colors so as to obtain rape materials of blue flowers or blue flowers with delphinidin in petals, and inducing and counting correlation, color complementarity and genetic rules among different colors;

step four, testing and demonstrating the excellent new colored rape line with large flowers, bright color and beautiful flower shape or the blue flower or blue flower rape line containing delphinidin obtained in the third year;

the north propagation in the first step, the second step and the third step refers to the propagation process exceeding the propagation period and the propagation quantity of the species per se, and can be achieved only by applying certain technical means such as artificial pollination or insemination under the condition of manual intervention.

A method for planting colored rape flowers comprises the following steps:

step one, selecting 2000 mu of field as a rape landscape zone, and dividing the rape landscape zone into 7 different areas;

step two, planting red, orange, purple, pink, white, yellow and blue rapes in 7 different divided areas in sequence, designing different patterns on the selected field, and filling the designed patterns with rape flowers of different colors to increase the ornamental value of the colored rape flowers; the planting steps of the colorful rape flowers are as follows: s1, land selection and preparation: soil is turned over once on the selected field, so that soil hardening is avoided, and water is poured once before planting; s2, sowing: scattering rape flower seeds in the land at certain intervals; s3, planting management: when the seedlings of the rape flowers grow to about 20cm, weeding is carried out to prevent weeds from absorbing nutrients in soil, a fertilizer is applied for one time, urea is mainly applied, a fertilizer is applied for one time when the seedlings grow to about 40cm, and the fertilizer is applied by using farmyard manure. The farmyard manure contains comprehensive nutrients, not only contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also contains calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron and some trace elements, and in addition, the application of the organic fertilizer is favorable for promoting the formation of a soil granular structure, coordinating the ratio of air to water in the soil, loosening the soil and increasing the capabilities of water retention, heat preservation, ventilation and fertilizer retention. The combination of applying farmyard manure and urea can provide sufficient nutrients for rape seedlings, and is beneficial to the robust growth of rape.

Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.