阅读说明：本技术 一种Gamma氧化铝纤维的制备方法 (Preparation method of Gamma alumina fiber ) 是由 文力 于 2021-09-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种Gamma氧化铝纤维的制备方法,具体为：将硝酸铝、尿素和聚乙二醇按照比例混合均匀配制成水溶液,放在高温水热釜中在200-280℃保温48-240小时,然后对沉淀产物进行过滤并干燥和过筛,得到细颗粒的前驱体粉体；在高温管式炉中使用氢气等保护进行高温热处理,在700-1300℃热处理120-240小时后,得到Gamma氧化铝纤维；经球磨破碎和过筛后,获得颗粒度均匀,长径比高,颜色洁白的Gamma氧化铝纤维。本发明所制备的Gamma氧化铝纤维具有低的松装密度,高的长径比,高的比表面积；本发明工序简单,成本低,易于实现工业化生产,在石油化工和精细催化领域具有重要的应用前景。(The invention discloses a preparation method of Gamma alumina fiber, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing aluminum nitrate, urea and polyethylene glycol according to a proportion to prepare an aqueous solution, placing the aqueous solution in a high-temperature hydrothermal kettle, preserving the heat at the temperature of 200 ℃ and 280 ℃ for 48 to 240 hours, and then filtering, drying and sieving a precipitation product to obtain fine-particle precursor powder; performing high-temperature heat treatment in a high-temperature tube furnace by using protection of hydrogen and the like, and performing heat treatment at the temperature of 700 ℃ and 1300 ℃ for 120 hours and 240 hours to obtain Gamma alumina fiber; after ball milling, crushing and sieving, the Gamma alumina fiber with uniform granularity, high length-diameter ratio and white color is obtained. The Gamma alumina fiber prepared by the invention has low apparent density, high length-diameter ratio and high specific surface area; the method has the advantages of simple process, low cost, easy realization of industrial production and important application prospect in the fields of petrochemical industry and fine catalysis.)

1. A preparation method of Gamma alumina fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: 500 ml of Al (NO) with the concentration of 1-10mol/L is prepared₃)₃Adding 1-50 g of urea powder and 1-100 g of polyethylene glycol particles into the aqueous solution, and stirring to obtain dispersed suspension; carrying out ultrasonic dissolution in an ultrasonic instrument to obtain clear and transparent reaction precursor liquid, and aging in air for 12 hours for later use;

step 2: adding four fifths of reaction precursor liquid into a hydrothermal kettle with the volume of 500 ml, covering a cover and locking; placing the high-pressure autoclave into a blast drying box, setting the heating rate to be 2 ℃/min, heating to the set temperature, keeping the temperature at 280 ℃ of 200 ℃ for 48-240 hours, and then cooling to the room temperature along with the furnace;

and step 3: opening the cover of the high-pressure kettle, pouring out the clear and transparent unreacted solution at the upper part, taking out the white precipitate at the lower part, and putting the white precipitate into a suction filtration device for suction filtration and cleaning, wherein the purpose is to obtain a pure fiber precursor; the cleaned precursor is a milk white solid, and is caked like cheese without obvious peculiar smell;

and 4, step 4: putting the obtained fiber precursor into a glass beaker, putting the glass beaker into an air-blast drying oven, heating the glass beaker to 150 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 48 hours at the temperature for drying to remove the moisture in the fiber precursor; after drying, cooling the fiber precursor to room temperature along with the furnace, wherein the fiber precursor is an agglomerated creamy yellow solid;

and 5: putting the fiber precursor block into a mortar, crushing by using a grinding hammer, and then sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain precursor powder with fine and uniform particles;

step 6: putting the precursor powder into a zirconia crucible to ensure that the powder is fluffy; then placing the mixture into a tube furnace made of mullite material, and introducing flowing heat treatment gas with the gas flow of 1-200 ml/min; heating to the set heat treatment temperature of 700-1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-200 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 240 hours at the temperature, then cooling to 300 ℃ at the speed of 1-3 ℃/min, and then cooling to the room temperature along with the furnace after power failure; during the heat treatment, the protective gas is kept flowing;

and 7: pouring the obtained Gamma alumina fiber precursor powder into a 250ml agate ball milling tank, filling two thirds of the powder in the tank, then filling 200 g of alumina balls, covering a cover, fixing the alumina balls on a planetary ball mill, and crushing the alumina balls for 30-60min at the rotating speed of 200 plus 300 rpm;

and 8: and pouring the crushed powder into a sieve, and selecting 50-1000 meshes for classification by the sieve to obtain the uniformly dispersed Gamma alumina fiber.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the drying oven in step 4 is controlled to within ± 1 ℃.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment gas in step 6 includes, but is not limited to, hydrogen, methane, and acetylene.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the alumina spheres of step 7 have a purity of 99.9%.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of novel materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of Gamma alumina fiber.

Background

Gamma alumina (Gamma-Al)₂O₃) Is a cubic crystal form aluminum oxygen compound, is a metastable substance and has high activity; it is a porous material, its specific surface area is up to several hundred square meters, and its adsorption capacity is very strong, so that it can be extensively used in petrochemical industry as adsorbent and catalyst carrier, as medium-sized strong drying agent in laboratory and as deacidification agent for industrial transformer oil and turbine oil, etc.

The prior commercial Gamma alumina has the shape of nano-particles, hollow spheres or nano-whiskers, the size of the Gamma alumina is controlled at nano level, and the Gamma alumina can not form an effective three-dimensional multi-scale frame structure when being used as a catalyst carrier, thereby influencing the catalytic effect. In the published papers, there is no method of preparing micron-sized Gamma alumina fibers; in the patent already applied, the patent 201610994166.9 (a gamma-alumina and a preparation method thereof) and the patent 202010558846.2 (a gamma-alumina nano-fiber and a preparation method thereof) relate to nano-fibers, micron-scale is not achieved, and only the micron-scale fibers can form a large-aperture framework structure, so that the catalyst is supported and the circulation of catalytic products is facilitated.

In addition, alumina fibers also have a morphology of alfa phase on the micron scale, which has only a low specific surface area and low activity and is not suitable for use as a catalyst support.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to meet the requirement of a catalytic carrier in the field of catalysis, the invention provides a preparation method of Gamma alumina fiber.

The invention relates to a preparation method of Gamma alumina fiber, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: 500 ml of Al (NO) with the concentration of 1-10mol/L is prepared₃)₃Adding 1-50 g of urea powder and 1-100 g of polyethylene glycol particles into the aqueous solution, and stirring to obtain dispersed suspension; the clear and transparent reaction precursor liquid is obtained by ultrasonic dissolution in an ultrasonic instrument and is aged in the air for 12 hours for later use.

Step 2: adding four fifths of reaction precursor liquid into a hydrothermal kettle with the volume of 500 ml, covering a cover and locking; the high-pressure autoclave is put into a blast drying box, the heating rate is set to be 2 ℃/min, the high-pressure autoclave is heated to the set temperature and is kept at 280 ℃ for 48 to 240 hours at 200 ℃ and then is cooled to the room temperature along with the furnace.

And step 3: opening the cover of the high-pressure kettle, pouring out the clear and transparent unreacted solution at the upper part, taking out the white precipitate at the lower part, and putting the white precipitate into a suction filtration device for suction filtration and cleaning, wherein the purpose is to obtain a pure fiber precursor; the precursor after cleaning is milk white solid, and the precursor is caked like cheese without obvious peculiar smell.

And 4, step 4: putting the obtained fiber precursor into a glass beaker, putting the glass beaker into an air-blast drying oven, heating the glass beaker to 150 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 48 hours at the temperature for drying to remove the moisture in the fiber precursor; and after drying, cooling the fiber precursor to room temperature along with the furnace, wherein the fiber precursor is an agglomerated creamy yellow solid.

And 5: and putting the fiber precursor block into a mortar, crushing by using a grinding hammer, and then sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain precursor powder with fine and uniform particles.

Step 6: putting the precursor powder into a zirconia crucible to ensure that the powder is fluffy; then placing the mixture into a tube furnace made of mullite material, and introducing flowing heat treatment gas with the gas flow of 1-200 ml/min; heating to the set heat treatment temperature of 700-1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-200 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 240 hours at the temperature, then cooling to 300 ℃ at the speed of 1-3 ℃/min, and then cooling to the room temperature along with the furnace after power failure; the flow of the protective gas is maintained during the heat treatment.

And 7: pouring the obtained Gamma alumina fiber precursor powder into a 250ml agate ball milling tank, filling two thirds of the powder in the tank, then filling 200 g of alumina balls, covering the alumina balls with a cover, fixing the alumina balls on a planetary ball mill, and crushing the alumina balls for 30-60min at the rotating speed of 200-300 rpm.

And 8: and pouring the crushed powder into a sieve, and selecting 50-1000 meshes for classification by the sieve to obtain the uniformly dispersed Gamma alumina fiber.

Further, the temperature control precision of the drying oven in the step 4 is +/-1 ℃.

Further, the heat treatment gases in step 6 include, but are not limited to, hydrogen, methane, and acetylene.

Further, the purity of the alumina balls in step 7 was 99.9%.

The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:

(1) the invention has no wastewater and waste liquid, and the residual liquid for preparing the precursor can be used as plant nutrient solution;

(2) the designed technical route is simple, expensive and complicated equipment is not needed, and large batches of alumina fibers can be prepared at low cost;

(3) the alumina whisker composed of the nano Gamma alumina particles prepared by the invention has a structure similar to a self-assembly appearance, can form a micron-sized three-dimensional multi-scale gap accumulation structure in space, and is beneficial to the loading of catalytic particles and the discharge of catalytic products.

(4) The Gamma alumina fiber prepared by the invention is the only micron alumina fiber with high specific surface activity and high specific surface area at present, and has important application prospect in the fields of petrochemical industry and noble metal catalysis.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a Gamma alumina fiber obtained by sintering in hydrogen.

FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a Gamma alumina fiber obtained by sintering in hydrogen.

Fig. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a Gamma alumina fiber sintered in acetylene.

FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of a Gamma alumina fiber sintered in acetylene.

FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a Gamma alumina fiber sintered in methane.

FIG. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of a Gamma alumina fiber sintered in methane.

FIG. 7 is a low power transmission electron micrograph of alumina fibers obtained by sintering in hydrogen.

FIG. 8 is a high power transmission electron microscope image of alumina fibers obtained by sintering in hydrogen.

FIG. 9 is a high resolution atomic image of alumina fibers obtained by sintering in hydrogen.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the spectral analysis of alumina fibers obtained by sintering in hydrogen.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.

Example 1

Sintering of Gamma alumina fibers in Hydrogen

(1) Adding Al (NO) to deionized water₃)₃Analytically pure, and preparing a water solution with the concentration of 3 mol/L; taking 500 ml of solution, adding 20 g of urea and 20 g of polyethylene glycol, mechanically stirring, and then putting into an ultrasonic instrument for dispersing and dissolving; standing in the air for 12 hours for later use after the solution becomes clear and transparent; pouring the aged solution into a hydrothermal kettle, keeping one fifth of the gap, covering the hydrothermal kettle with a cover and screwing down the hydrothermal kettle; and (3) putting the hydrothermal kettle into a forced air drying box, heating to 280 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, then keeping the temperature for 120 hours, and then turning off a power supply to cool the hydrothermal kettle along with the furnace.

(2) Opening the hydrothermal kettle, pouring out a clear and transparent unreacted solution, pouring the white precipitate into a suction filtration funnel for vacuum filtration, and cleaning with deionized water until no obvious ammonia smell exists; putting the filtered fiber precursor into a glass beaker, and drying the fiber precursor for 48 hours in a forced air drying oven at the temperature of 150 ℃ to completely remove the moisture in the precursor; and grinding and crushing the completely dried precursor block in a mortar, and then sieving the crushed precursor block by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain precursor powder with fine and uniform particles.

(3) Putting the powder into a zirconia crucible, putting the zirconia crucible into a mullite tube furnace without pressing, and carrying out heat treatment in flowing hydrogen; setting the air flow rate to be 200ml/min, the heating rate to be 1 ℃/min, the final heat treatment temperature to be 700 ℃ and the heat preservation time to be 150 hours; after sintering, the temperature is reduced to 300 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, and then the mixture is naturally cooled.

(4) Taking out the Gamma alumina fiber from the zirconia crucible, pouring the Gamma alumina fiber into an agate ball milling tank, taking alumina balls as ball milling media, and crushing the alumina balls for 30min on a planetary ball mill at the rotating speed of 200rpm to obtain white and fluffy Gamma alumina fiber; sieving with 1000 mesh sieve to obtain the final product.

(5) Detecting the alumina fiber by using an X-ray diffractometer, and observing the appearance by using a scanning electron microscope to determine that the prepared Gamma alumina fiber does not contain other impurity phases, and the prepared fiber presents a short rod shape, as shown in figures 1 and 2;the fiber length was 8.5 microns and the width was 0.6 microns; the apparent density is 0.1g/cm³Tap density of 0.2g/cm³Specific surface area of 110m²/g。

Example 2

Sintering of Gamma alumina fibers in acetylene

(1) Adding Al (NO) to deionized water₃)₃Analytically pure, and preparing aqueous solution with the concentration of 10 mol/L; taking 500 ml of solution, adding 50 g of urea and 100 g of polyethylene glycol, mechanically stirring, and then putting into an ultrasonic instrument for dispersing and dissolving; standing in the air for 12 hours for later use after the solution becomes clear and transparent; pouring the aged solution into a hydrothermal kettle, keeping one fifth of the gap, covering the hydrothermal kettle with a cover and screwing down the hydrothermal kettle; and (3) putting the hydrothermal kettle into a blast drying box, heating to 200 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, then keeping the temperature for 48 hours, and then turning off a power supply to cool the hydrothermal kettle along with the furnace.

(2) Opening the hydrothermal kettle, pouring out a clear and transparent unreacted solution, pouring the white precipitate into a suction filtration funnel for vacuum filtration, and cleaning with deionized water until no obvious ammonia smell exists; putting the filtered fiber precursor into a glass beaker, and drying the fiber precursor for 48 hours in a forced air drying oven at the temperature of 150 ℃ to completely remove the moisture in the precursor; and grinding and crushing the completely dried precursor block in a mortar, and then sieving the crushed precursor block by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain precursor powder with fine and uniform particles.

(3) Putting the powder into a zirconia crucible, putting the zirconia crucible into a mullite tube furnace without pressing, and carrying out heat treatment in flowing acetylene; setting the air flow rate to be 100ml/min, the heating rate to be 20 ℃/min, the final heat treatment temperature to be 1200 ℃ and the heat preservation time to be 240 hours; after sintering, the temperature is reduced to 300 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, and then the mixture is naturally cooled.

(4) Taking out the Gamma alumina fiber from the zirconia crucible, pouring the Gamma alumina fiber into an agate ball milling tank, taking alumina balls as ball milling media, and crushing the alumina balls for 60min on a planetary ball mill at the rotating speed of 300rpm to obtain white and fluffy Gamma alumina fiber; sieving with 50 mesh sieve, and packaging.

(5) Detecting the alumina fiber by using an X-ray diffractometer, and observing the appearance by using a scanning electron microscope to determine that the prepared Gamma alumina fiber does not contain other impurity phases, and the prepared fiber presents a short rod shape, as shown in figures 3 and 4; the fiber length was 10 microns and the width was 0.7 microns; the apparent density is 0.13g/cm³The tap density is 0.22g/cm³Specific surface area of 101m²/g。

Example 3

Sintering of Gamma alumina fibers in methane

(1) Adding Al (NO) to deionized water₃)₃Analytically pure, and preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 5 mol/L; taking 500 ml of solution, adding 40 g of urea and 10 g of polyethylene glycol, mechanically stirring, and then putting into an ultrasonic instrument for dispersing and dissolving; standing in the air for 12 hours for later use after the solution becomes clear and transparent; pouring the aged solution into a hydrothermal kettle, keeping one fifth of the gap, covering the hydrothermal kettle with a cover and screwing down the hydrothermal kettle; and (3) putting the hydrothermal kettle into a forced air drying box, heating to 250 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, then keeping the temperature for 240 hours, and then turning off a power supply to cool the hydrothermal kettle along with the furnace.

(2) Opening the hydrothermal kettle, pouring out a clear and transparent unreacted solution, pouring the white precipitate into a suction filtration funnel for vacuum filtration, and cleaning with deionized water until no obvious ammonia smell exists; putting the filtered fiber precursor into a glass beaker, and drying the fiber precursor for 48 hours in a forced air drying oven at the temperature of 150 ℃ to completely remove the moisture in the precursor; and grinding and crushing the completely dried precursor block in a mortar, and then sieving the crushed precursor block by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain precursor powder with fine and uniform particles.

(3) Putting the powder into a zirconia crucible, putting the zirconia crucible into a mullite tube furnace without pressing, and carrying out heat treatment in flowing methane; setting the air flow rate to be 20ml/min, the heating rate to be 5 ℃/min, the final heat treatment temperature to be 1300 ℃, and the heat preservation time to be 200 hours; after sintering, the temperature is reduced to 300 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, and then the mixture is naturally cooled.

(4) Taking out the Gamma alumina fiber from the zirconia crucible, pouring the Gamma alumina fiber into an agate ball milling tank, taking alumina balls as ball milling media, and crushing the alumina balls for 20min on a planetary ball mill at the rotating speed of 250rpm to obtain white and fluffy Gamma alumina fiber; sieving with 400 mesh sieve to obtain the final product.

(5) Detecting the alumina fiber by using an X-ray diffractometer, and observing the appearance by using a scanning electron microscope to determine that the prepared Gamma alumina fiber does not contain other impurity phases, and the prepared fiber presents a short rod shape, as shown in figures 5 and 6; the fiber length was 11 microns and the width was 0.6 microns; the apparent density is 0.11g/cm³Tap density of 0.24g/cm³A specific surface area of 135m²/g。

The invention relates to a preparation method of Gamma alumina fiber, which is to prepare alumina fiber by utilizing a precursor heat treatment method and a preparation method; the prepared alumina fiber is formed by combining Gamma alumina particles of nano particles, has very high specific surface area and shows large length-diameter ratio; the alumina fibers obtained by heat treatment in hydrogen, acetylene and methane are listed in the examples of the present invention and are characterized by the basic performance indexes thereof, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6.

The hydrothermal synthesis method adopted by the invention is used for preparing the precursor with high length-diameter ratio, and the regulated and controlled parameters are optimized through a large amount of experimental work and are all included in the protection range of the invention; the innovation point of the invention is that the framework structure of the prepared Gamma alumina nano-particles is formed by utilizing the rod-shaped structure of the precursor, and finally the Gamma alumina fiber with the large length-diameter ratio and the micron scale is prepared, which is an initiative. FIG. 7 is a low power transmission electron micrograph of alumina fibers obtained by sintering in hydrogen, from which it can be clearly observed that the fibers are composed of an aggregation of particles with a cellular structure; through enlarged observation, gaps are also confirmed to exist at the periphery of the Gamma alumina nano particles, which is beneficial to improving the specific surface area of the fiber, as shown in figure 8. In the X-ray composition test result, no amorphous alumina phase is detected, which indicates that the prepared Gamma alumina fiber is pure and has no second phase inclusion, and the Gamma alumina fiber can be confirmed by high-resolution atomic images; the arrangement of atoms in the cellular alumina particles in fig. 9 was regular, no disordered atomic stacks existed, and it was confirmed that no amorphous alumina was present in the prepared Gamma alumina fiber. Further, the presence of elements in the alumina fiber was analyzed by X-ray spectroscopy, and it was confirmed that only Al and O elements were present in the fiber (in the figure, Cu and C are derived from the copper mesh for supporting the fiber), and no other impurity elements were detected, and it was confirmed that the purity of the fiber produced was higher than 99.9% or more, as shown in fig. 10. The high-purity Gamma alumina fiber prepared by the invention has high specific surface area and excellent self-supporting property, is suitable for being used as a high-temperature catalytic material, and has important application value in the fields of petrochemical industry and fine catalysis.